US20050217466A1 - Device for cutting a structure in a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Device for cutting a structure in a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050217466A1
US20050217466A1 US11/065,444 US6544405A US2005217466A1 US 20050217466 A1 US20050217466 A1 US 20050217466A1 US 6544405 A US6544405 A US 6544405A US 2005217466 A1 US2005217466 A1 US 2005217466A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
cutting
charge
pyrotechnic charge
pyrotechnic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/065,444
Inventor
Evrard Borg
Eric Laspesa
Laurent D'Emmanuelle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pyroalliance SA
Original Assignee
Pyroalliance SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pyroalliance SA filed Critical Pyroalliance SA
Assigned to PYROALLIANCE reassignment PYROALLIANCE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BORG, EVRARD, D'EMMANUELLE, LAURENT, LASPESA, ERIC
Publication of US20050217466A1 publication Critical patent/US20050217466A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/04—Severing by squeezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
    • F42B15/36—Means for interconnecting rocket-motor and body section; Multi-stage connectors; Disconnecting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
    • F42B15/36—Means for interconnecting rocket-motor and body section; Multi-stage connectors; Disconnecting means
    • F42B15/38—Ring-shaped explosive elements for the separation of rocket parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/006—Explosive bolts; Explosive actuators

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of motor vehicle safety involving devices for cutting a structure such as, for example, an instrument panel, so as to actuate a safety device.
  • Cutting devices according to the invention are particularly suited to the application of airbags in a motor vehicle.
  • the separating device disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,170,400 or in U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,071 employs a detonating fuse, ignition of which will bring about deformation of the tube in which it is housed so as to push back a piston in order to separate two sub-assemblies.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,478,106 which describes an opening system for deploying an airbag.
  • This opening system comprises a deformed tube having a tapered part and in which a linear pyrotechnic charge is housed. Ignition of the said charge brings about expansion of the tube, the tapered part of which comes into contact with the structure in order to cut it.
  • Cutting devices according to the invention employ deflagrating fuses housed in flattened tubes and ignition of these causes the cross section of the said tubes to expand so as to cut a structure.
  • Deflagrating fuses have slower reaction rates than those of detonating fuses and the associated pyrotechnic effects are consequently less violent and in particular the risks of projection of splinters and the emission of shock waves in the air outside the said devices become negligible.
  • Cutting devices according to the invention are particularly suited to motor vehicles in as much as they are reliable and efficient while exhibiting an increased safety level by limiting the intensity of the reaction and hence the possibilities of physical injuries.
  • the object of the present invention relates to a device for cutting a structure in a motor vehicle comprising a linear pyrotechnic charge placed inside a flattened deformable tube, combustion of the said charge bringing about deformation of the tube which increases its cross section, the said deformation causing the structure to break, characterized in that the combustion rate of the pyrotechnic charge is less than 3000 m/s.
  • the combustion rate of the pyrotechnic charge preferably lies between 1000 m/s and 2000 m/s.
  • the deflagrating charges selected for cutting devices according to the invention are sufficiently lively to bring about cutting of a structure in a motor vehicle, without exhibiting difficulties associated with the use of a detonating charge such as for example the risks of the cutting device breaking with emission of undesirable pyrotechnic effects such as a shock wave in the air and the projection of splinters.
  • the pyrotechnic charge comprises a plurality of strands such as, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,220,087.
  • the tube is preferably metallic.
  • the said tube has a good ability to deform plastically.
  • the tube is closed at each of its ends by a stopper so as to contain the pyrotechnic effects inside the said tube.
  • the tube is preferably made of aluminium.
  • a space exists between the pyrotechnic charge and the tube, the said space being packed with a foam made of an elastomer intended, on the one hand, to hold the said charge in the centre of the said tube, and, on the other hand, to increase the pressurization of the said tube.
  • this makes it possible, with a small pyrotechnic charge and therefore with a small quantity of gas produced, to maximize stresses, even in strong tubes, so that they recover their original cylindrical shape.
  • a device for igniting the pyrotechnic charge comprising an igniter is placed at one of the ends of the tube.
  • the flattened tube is housed in a groove of the structure having a U-shaped cross section, the bottom of the groove including a secondary groove and the tube being held by means of a closure clip.
  • the linear density of the pyrotechnic charge is less than 4 g/m.
  • Cutting devices according to the invention have the advantage of not being dangerous for persons, whether they are functioning normally or erratically, in as much as the effects produced remain of low intensity. Moreover, they are reliable, since ignition of such compositions is perfectly controlled. Finally, on account of the great diversity of deflagrating compositions that can be used, cutting devices according to the invention can be adapted to a large number of configurations associated in particular with the thickness of the structure to be cut, with the material constituting the said structure and with the surface to be cut.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 A detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention is given hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • FIG. 1 is a view in lateral axial section of a cutting device according to the invention, positioned in relation to the structure to be cut and not having yet functioned.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cutting device of FIG. 1 after operation.
  • the cutting device 1 is inserted into a groove 2 of the structure 3 to be cut, the said groove 2 having a U-shaped cross section, the bottom of which includes a secondary v-shaped groove so that the thickness of the structure 3 in the region of the said secondary groove 4 is at a minimum.
  • a linear pyrotechnic charge 5 consisting of three strands is housed in the centre of a hollow deformable aluminium tube 6 , the said tube 6 being flattened so as to have an elongate section possessing two flat sides that are parallel to each other and connected to each other by two segments in the arc of a circle, the said charge 5 being in contact with the two flat sides of the tubes 6 .
  • the space existing between the pyrotechnic charge 5 and the inner wall of the tube 6 is packed with an elastomeric foam 7 to assist in holding the said charge 5 in the centre of the said tube 6 .
  • the tube 6 occupies the groove 2 without any lateral play, in other words each of the two flat sides of the tube 6 is in contact with the walls of the groove 2 .
  • the groove 2 is made in a bead of the structure 3 and the tube 6 is held in the groove 2 by means of a closure clip 8 covering the said groove 2 .
  • the tube 6 in the groove 2 is in contact at the same time with the bottom of the said groove 2 and the closure clip 8 .
  • An ignition device comprising a single igniter is placed close to the tube 6 . Two stoppers close the ends of the said tube 6 .
  • the method of operating the cutting device according to the invention is as follows.
  • Ignition of the pyrotechnic charge 5 brings about the production of gas in the tube 6 which is then subjected to a high internal pressure.
  • the tube 6 reacts by deforming so as to adopt a circular cross section.
  • This expansion causes the structure 3 to break in the region of its smallest thickness created by the secondary groove 4 , as well as the closure clip 8 .
  • the structure is, thus cut and all the pyrotechnic effects remain contained in the tube 6 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The technical field of the invention is that of motor vehicle safety involving devices for cutting a structure such as, for example, an instrument panel, so as to actuate a safety device.
The object of the present invention relates more specifically to a device (1) for cutting a structure in a motor vehicle comprising a linear pyrotechnic charge (5) placed inside a flattened deformable tube (6), combustion of the said charge (5) bringing about deformation of the tube (6) which increases its cross section, the said deformation causing the structure (3) to break.
The main characteristic of this device is that the combustion rate of the pyrotechnic charge (5) is less than 3000 m/s.

Description

  • The technical field of the invention is that of motor vehicle safety involving devices for cutting a structure such as, for example, an instrument panel, so as to actuate a safety device. Cutting devices according to the invention are particularly suited to the application of airbags in a motor vehicle.
  • Devices for cutting a structure have already been the subject of several patents.
  • Mention may be made of patent EP 0 273 061 which describes a separation joint between two structures and involves a linear explosive charge confined in a flattened tube. The two structures fit into each other and ignition of the explosive charge brings about expansion of the tube which then deforms one of the two structures bringing about their separation. The explosive charge is not specifically described but the description reveals some indications that suggest that it consists of a detonating charge.
  • Similarly, the separating device disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,170,400 or in U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,071 employs a detonating fuse, ignition of which will bring about deformation of the tube in which it is housed so as to push back a piston in order to separate two sub-assemblies.
  • Finally, mention may be made of U.S. Pat. No. 5,478,106 which describes an opening system for deploying an airbag. This opening system comprises a deformed tube having a tapered part and in which a linear pyrotechnic charge is housed. Ignition of the said charge brings about expansion of the tube, the tapered part of which comes into contact with the structure in order to cut it.
  • Cutting devices according to the invention employ deflagrating fuses housed in flattened tubes and ignition of these causes the cross section of the said tubes to expand so as to cut a structure. Deflagrating fuses have slower reaction rates than those of detonating fuses and the associated pyrotechnic effects are consequently less violent and in particular the risks of projection of splinters and the emission of shock waves in the air outside the said devices become negligible. Cutting devices according to the invention are particularly suited to motor vehicles in as much as they are reliable and efficient while exhibiting an increased safety level by limiting the intensity of the reaction and hence the possibilities of physical injuries.
  • The object of the present invention relates to a device for cutting a structure in a motor vehicle comprising a linear pyrotechnic charge placed inside a flattened deformable tube, combustion of the said charge bringing about deformation of the tube which increases its cross section, the said deformation causing the structure to break, characterized in that the combustion rate of the pyrotechnic charge is less than 3000 m/s.
  • In this patent application, the expressions “deflagrating charge” and “charge of which the combustion rate is less than 3000 m/s” are equivalent.
  • This equivalence is desirable since although deflagration is defined by a longer and less violent reaction than a detonation, it remains relatively poorly defined as regards the value of certain parameters characterizing it.
  • The combustion rate of the pyrotechnic charge preferably lies between 1000 m/s and 2000 m/s.
  • The deflagrating charges selected for cutting devices according to the invention are sufficiently lively to bring about cutting of a structure in a motor vehicle, without exhibiting difficulties associated with the use of a detonating charge such as for example the risks of the cutting device breaking with emission of undesirable pyrotechnic effects such as a shock wave in the air and the projection of splinters.
  • Advantageously, the pyrotechnic charge comprises a plurality of strands such as, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,220,087.
  • The tube is preferably metallic.
  • Advantageously, the said tube has a good ability to deform plastically.
  • Preferably, the tube is closed at each of its ends by a stopper so as to contain the pyrotechnic effects inside the said tube.
  • Indeed, since the requirements for motor vehicle safety are particularly high, it is recommended to minimize the risks of the propagation of untimely effects outside the cutting device.
  • The tube is preferably made of aluminium.
  • Advantageously, a space exists between the pyrotechnic charge and the tube, the said space being packed with a foam made of an elastomer intended, on the one hand, to hold the said charge in the centre of the said tube, and, on the other hand, to increase the pressurization of the said tube. In this way, this makes it possible, with a small pyrotechnic charge and therefore with a small quantity of gas produced, to maximize stresses, even in strong tubes, so that they recover their original cylindrical shape.
  • Preferably, a device for igniting the pyrotechnic charge comprising an igniter is placed at one of the ends of the tube.
  • Advantageously, the flattened tube is housed in a groove of the structure having a U-shaped cross section, the bottom of the groove including a secondary groove and the tube being held by means of a closure clip.
  • Preferably, the linear density of the pyrotechnic charge is less than 4 g/m.
  • Cutting devices according to the invention have the advantage of not being dangerous for persons, whether they are functioning normally or erratically, in as much as the effects produced remain of low intensity. Moreover, they are reliable, since ignition of such compositions is perfectly controlled. Finally, on account of the great diversity of deflagrating compositions that can be used, cutting devices according to the invention can be adapted to a large number of configurations associated in particular with the thickness of the structure to be cut, with the material constituting the said structure and with the surface to be cut.
  • A detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention is given hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in lateral axial section of a cutting device according to the invention, positioned in relation to the structure to be cut and not having yet functioned.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cutting device of FIG. 1 after operation.
  • With reference to FIG. 1, the cutting device 1 according to the invention is inserted into a groove 2 of the structure 3 to be cut, the said groove 2 having a U-shaped cross section, the bottom of which includes a secondary v-shaped groove so that the thickness of the structure 3 in the region of the said secondary groove 4 is at a minimum. A linear pyrotechnic charge 5 consisting of three strands is housed in the centre of a hollow deformable aluminium tube 6, the said tube 6 being flattened so as to have an elongate section possessing two flat sides that are parallel to each other and connected to each other by two segments in the arc of a circle, the said charge 5 being in contact with the two flat sides of the tubes 6. The space existing between the pyrotechnic charge 5 and the inner wall of the tube 6 is packed with an elastomeric foam 7 to assist in holding the said charge 5 in the centre of the said tube 6. The tube 6 occupies the groove 2 without any lateral play, in other words each of the two flat sides of the tube 6 is in contact with the walls of the groove 2. The groove 2 is made in a bead of the structure 3 and the tube 6 is held in the groove 2 by means of a closure clip 8 covering the said groove 2. The tube 6 in the groove 2 is in contact at the same time with the bottom of the said groove 2 and the closure clip 8. An ignition device comprising a single igniter is placed close to the tube 6. Two stoppers close the ends of the said tube 6.
  • With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the method of operating the cutting device according to the invention is as follows.
  • Ignition of the pyrotechnic charge 5 brings about the production of gas in the tube 6 which is then subjected to a high internal pressure. The tube 6 reacts by deforming so as to adopt a circular cross section.
  • This expansion causes the structure 3 to break in the region of its smallest thickness created by the secondary groove 4, as well as the closure clip 8. The structure is, thus cut and all the pyrotechnic effects remain contained in the tube 6.

Claims (10)

1. Device for cutting a structure in a motor vehicle comprising a linear pyrotechnic charge placed inside a flattened deformable tube, combustion of the said charge brining about deformation of the tube which increases its cross section, the said deformation causing the structure to break, characterized in that the combustion rate of the pyrotechnic charge is less than 3000 m/s.
2. Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrotechnic charge comprises a plurality of strands.
3. Cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tube is metallic.
4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tube is closed at each of its ends by a stopper so as to contain the pyrotechnic effects inside the said tube.
5. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the tube is made of aluminum.
6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a space exists between the pyrotechnic charge and the tube, the said space being packed with a foam made of an elastomer.
7. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a device for igniting the pyrotechnic charge comprising an igniter is placed at one of the ends of the tube.
8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flattened tube is housed in a groove of the structure having a U-shaped cross section, the bottom of the groove including a secondary groove and the tube being held by means of a closure clip.
9. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the linear density of the pyrotechnic charge is less than 4 g/m.
10. Cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the tube is metallic
US11/065,444 2004-04-02 2005-02-25 Device for cutting a structure in a motor vehicle Abandoned US20050217466A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0403469 2004-04-02
FR0403469A FR2868351B1 (en) 2004-04-02 2004-04-02 DEVICE FOR CUTTING A STRUCTURE IN A MOTOR VEHICLE

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US20050217466A1 true US20050217466A1 (en) 2005-10-06

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US11/065,444 Abandoned US20050217466A1 (en) 2004-04-02 2005-02-25 Device for cutting a structure in a motor vehicle

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US20050217466A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1582321B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005288686A (en)
AT (1) ATE355945T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602005000645T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2281886T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2868351B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108195236A (en) * 2018-01-12 2018-06-22 北京航空航天大学 A kind of separate type self-destruction security control device and rocket

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6097523B2 (en) * 2012-10-26 2017-03-15 鹿島建設株式会社 Charged drug and method of setting charged charge
FR3130363B1 (en) * 2021-12-15 2024-03-01 Pyroalliance Set separable by pyrotechnic cutting

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US3076408A (en) * 1958-06-11 1963-02-05 Borg Warner Controlled fracturing of solids by explosives
US3698281A (en) * 1970-02-27 1972-10-17 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Explosive system
US3741583A (en) * 1970-06-25 1973-06-26 Nissan Motor Motor vehicle safety device
US4220087A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-09-02 Explosive Technology, Inc. Linear ignition fuse
US4301707A (en) * 1979-10-29 1981-11-24 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Embedded explosive severance of non-metallic materials
US5372071A (en) * 1993-07-13 1994-12-13 Tracor, Inc. Thrusting separation system
US5392684A (en) * 1993-06-25 1995-02-28 The Ensign-Bickford Company Explosive thrust-producing coupling
US5478106A (en) * 1994-07-22 1995-12-26 Tip Engineering Group, Inc. Method and arrangement for forming an air bag deployment opening
US6062143A (en) * 1997-09-08 2000-05-16 Simula, Inc. Distributed charge inflator system
US6170400B1 (en) * 1998-06-02 2001-01-09 AEROSPATIALE Soci{acute over (e)}t{acute over (e)}Nationale Industrielle Device for the cutting of nonmetallic parts by means of a pyrotechnic expansion tube
US6176517B1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2001-01-23 Autoliv Aspinc. Gas generating apparatus
US6336611B1 (en) * 1998-04-09 2002-01-08 Certime Amsterdam B.V. Collapsible panel and method for controlled collapsing thereof
US6454038B2 (en) * 1998-04-09 2002-09-24 Certime Amsterdam B.V. Collapsible panel and method for controlled collapsing thereof
US6460873B1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2002-10-08 Livbag Snc Inflatable metal structure with built-in pyrotechnic charge
US6886469B2 (en) * 2002-05-17 2005-05-03 Zodiac Automotive Us Inc. Distributed charge inflator system

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US4685376A (en) * 1985-06-24 1987-08-11 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Separation system
FR2806342B1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2002-08-09 Lacroix Soc E DEVICE FOR THE IMPACT-FREE CONTROLLED BREAKAGE OF STRUCTURES

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3076408A (en) * 1958-06-11 1963-02-05 Borg Warner Controlled fracturing of solids by explosives
US3698281A (en) * 1970-02-27 1972-10-17 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Explosive system
US3741583A (en) * 1970-06-25 1973-06-26 Nissan Motor Motor vehicle safety device
US4220087A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-09-02 Explosive Technology, Inc. Linear ignition fuse
US4301707A (en) * 1979-10-29 1981-11-24 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Embedded explosive severance of non-metallic materials
US5392684A (en) * 1993-06-25 1995-02-28 The Ensign-Bickford Company Explosive thrust-producing coupling
US5372071A (en) * 1993-07-13 1994-12-13 Tracor, Inc. Thrusting separation system
US5478106A (en) * 1994-07-22 1995-12-26 Tip Engineering Group, Inc. Method and arrangement for forming an air bag deployment opening
US6062143A (en) * 1997-09-08 2000-05-16 Simula, Inc. Distributed charge inflator system
US6336611B1 (en) * 1998-04-09 2002-01-08 Certime Amsterdam B.V. Collapsible panel and method for controlled collapsing thereof
US6454038B2 (en) * 1998-04-09 2002-09-24 Certime Amsterdam B.V. Collapsible panel and method for controlled collapsing thereof
US6170400B1 (en) * 1998-06-02 2001-01-09 AEROSPATIALE Soci{acute over (e)}t{acute over (e)}Nationale Industrielle Device for the cutting of nonmetallic parts by means of a pyrotechnic expansion tube
US6176517B1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2001-01-23 Autoliv Aspinc. Gas generating apparatus
US6460873B1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2002-10-08 Livbag Snc Inflatable metal structure with built-in pyrotechnic charge
US6886469B2 (en) * 2002-05-17 2005-05-03 Zodiac Automotive Us Inc. Distributed charge inflator system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108195236A (en) * 2018-01-12 2018-06-22 北京航空航天大学 A kind of separate type self-destruction security control device and rocket

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1582321A1 (en) 2005-10-05
DE602005000645D1 (en) 2007-04-19
ATE355945T1 (en) 2007-03-15
FR2868351B1 (en) 2006-06-23
ES2281886T3 (en) 2007-10-01
DE602005000645T2 (en) 2007-11-08
JP2005288686A (en) 2005-10-20
FR2868351A1 (en) 2005-10-07
EP1582321B1 (en) 2007-03-07

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AS Assignment

Owner name: PYROALLIANCE, FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BORG, EVRARD;LASPESA, ERIC;D'EMMANUELLE, LAURENT;REEL/FRAME:015961/0762

Effective date: 20050303

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION