US20050188720A1 - System and method for operating a vapor-ejector heat pump - Google Patents

System and method for operating a vapor-ejector heat pump Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050188720A1
US20050188720A1 US11/061,764 US6176405A US2005188720A1 US 20050188720 A1 US20050188720 A1 US 20050188720A1 US 6176405 A US6176405 A US 6176405A US 2005188720 A1 US2005188720 A1 US 2005188720A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
working fluid
vapor
condenser
pump
heat pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/061,764
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English (en)
Inventor
Cornelis Jansen
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Gastec Technology BV
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to GASTEC TECHNOLOGY B.V. reassignment GASTEC TECHNOLOGY B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JANSEN, CORNELIS
Publication of US20050188720A1 publication Critical patent/US20050188720A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/06—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of jet type, e.g. using liquid under pressure
    • F25B1/08—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of jet type, e.g. using liquid under pressure using vapour under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
    • F25B2341/001—Ejectors not being used as compression device
    • F25B2341/0015—Ejectors not being used as compression device using two or more ejectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a system and method for operating a vapor-ejector heat pump to improve the temperature lift and the efficiency of the heat pump.
  • this type of heat pump can be deployed better for cooling and heating in air conditioner installations.
  • the ejector heat pump has a number of important advantages over the electrically-driven heat pumps with mechanical compressor.
  • the ejector heat pump is driven with thermal energy (heat).
  • the driving energy can also consist of residual heat and waste heat, such as hot exhaust gases or cooling water heat from combustion engines of cars, boats and total energy systems.
  • a disadvantage of the ejector heat pump is the small temperature lift that can be achieved with it.
  • the COP (the efficiency of the heat pump action) of the system moreover decreases very strongly with an increasing temperature difference between hot and cold side.
  • the temperature lift can be raised by having a number of ejectors work in cascade (in series), so that the total temperature lift is the sum of the temperature increases that are produced by the different ejectors.
  • the COP of such cascade systems is considerably lower than that of systems with a single ejector.
  • the temperature lift can also be raised by raising the vapor pressure of the ejector, but that effect is limited. Moreover, the efficiency of the vapor generation decreases because the higher vapor pressure requires a higher vapor temperature. The overall efficiency (COP) of the heat or cold generation then decreases because more primary energy is needed to generate the high pressure vapor.
  • COP overall efficiency
  • the invention provides a heat pump provided with at least one evaporator and at least one condenser, wherein at least one vapor boiler is provided and at least two ejectors are provided which are connected to the at least one vapor boiler, wherein either for each of two ejectors a separate evaporator is provided or for each of two ejectors a separate condenser is provided or for each of two ejectors both a separate evaporator and a separate condenser are provided.
  • the heat pump is provided with two or more ejectors connected in parallel.
  • more than two parallel ejectors may be provided, for instance three ejectors which are each connected to a separate evaporator and of which, for instance, the first two ejectors are connected to a common condenser and the third ejector to a separate condenser (hence, three evaporators, three ejectors and two condensers), or, for instance, four ejectors which are connected to a common evaporator and which are each connected to a separate condenser (hence, one evaporator, four ejectors and four condensers). It will be clear that an infinite number of variations are possible.
  • the ejectors are then preferably especially designed to work optimally at a particular temperature lift.
  • the ejectors may each be provided with a separate evaporator and separate condenser.
  • the invention further relates to a heat pump provided with at least one evaporator and at least one condenser, wherein at least one vapor boiler is provided, of which a vapor outlet is connected to at least one ejector, wherein a working fluid pump is provided for pumping working fluid from the condenser to the vapor boiler, wherein the working fluid pump is driven using high pressure gas.
  • a pump drive based on high pressure gas, which may originate, for instance, from the vapor boiler
  • the heat pump can also work in an environment where no electrical energy is available.
  • a rather powerful electric motor is needed to produce the necessary power for producing the required pressure to enable working fluid to be pumped into the vapor boiler/pressure vessel.
  • this powerful electric motor can be omitted, which is particularly favorable for some applications, for instance in a boat, caravan or car.
  • high pressure gas from the pressure tank itself also high pressure gas from a different source, if available, can be used for this purpose.
  • heat from the exhaust gases or cooling water of a combustion engine or the compressed air coming from a compressed air source could be used for this purpose.
  • the working fluid pump may be provided with a turbine through which the high pressure gas is guided, with the turbine forming the drive of the pump.
  • the working fluid pump can be constructed as a double plunger pump of which the at least one plunger has a first end received in a drive cylinder chamber, which drive cylinder chamber is connected via control valves to the high pressure gas source, while a second end of the at least one plunger is received in a pressure cylinder chamber, which pressure cylinder chamber is provided with an inlet which is connected via a non-return valve to a return line coming from the at least one condenser, the pressure cylinder chamber being provided with an outlet which is connected via a non-return valve to a supply line which is connected to the vapor boiler.
  • the diameter of the drive cylinder chamber should be greater than that of the pressure cylinder chamber.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment, in which each ejector is provided with a separate evaporator and a separate condenser;
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment, in which at each ejector a separate evaporator is provided and in which the ejectors are connected to a common condenser;
  • FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment, in which the ejectors are connected to a common evaporator and in which each ejector is connected to a separate condenser;
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagram in which the improvement of COP (cooling) by the use of two ejectors according to the invention is shown.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows the operation of a plunger pump.
  • FIG. 1 An air conditioner system, as outlined in FIG. 1 and constructed with two ejectors 1 and 2 , respectively, each with a separate evaporator 3 and 4 , respectively, and a separate condenser 5 and 6 , respectively.
  • the evaporators 3 , 4 are arranged in series in a first air channel 7 .
  • the condensers 5 , 6 are arranged in series in a second air channel 8 .
  • the working fluid which is sometimes in the liquid phase and sometimes in the gaseous phase circulates through the evaporators 3 , 4 , the ejectors 1 , 2 and the condensers 5 , 6 via a system of lines 10 .
  • the working fluid is pumped into a vapor boiler 12 , where the working fluid is heated in order to bring it into the gaseous phase.
  • Heating in the vapor boiler can for instance be done using a gas-fired burner 22 , whose flue gases heat the vapor boiler.
  • FIG. 2 The construction of FIG. 2 is distinguished from that of FIG. 1 in that it includes only one condenser 5 .
  • FIG. 3 The construction of FIG. 3 is distinguished from that of FIG. 1 in that it includes only one evaporator 3 .
  • the ventilating air is cooled in two stages.
  • evaporator 3 which has a temperature of 22° C.
  • the temperature of the passing air is lowered from 27 to 24° C.
  • the extracted heat is delivered, together with the heat supplied by the ejector 1 , via condenser 5 to an air stream, which thereby heats up from 38 to 41° C.
  • Ejector 1 has preferably been optimized to effect the temperature lift occurring therein—in this case a temperature lift from 22° C. to 43° C., i.e. 21° C.—at these temperatures with a highest possible COP.
  • Ejector 2 has preferably been optimized to effect the temperature lift occurring therein—in this case a temperature lift from 19° C. to 40° C., i.e. 21° C.—at these temperatures with a highest possible COP.
  • Both steps can take place with a COP of 0.4 to 0.5 in the case of cooling and a COP of 1.4 to 1.5 in the case of heating.
  • the COP would be only 0.3 to 0.4 in the case of cooling and 1.3 to 1.4 in the case of heating.
  • the potential energy saving by the use of the invention is therefore 20 to 25% in the case of cooling and ca. 7% in the case of heating.
  • the calculations are based on the use of water as coolant (working medium) and air as heat transport medium.
  • the invention can also be practiced using other working media, such as, for instance, various hydrocarbons, and using other heat transport media than air, such as water or thermal oil.
  • the working fluid pump 11 can be driven by high pressure gas.
  • the working fluid pump 11 can for instance be constructed as represented in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a double plunger pump 11 of which the at least one plunger 13 has a first end 15 a received in a drive cylinder chamber 14 , which drive cylinder chamber is connected via control valves 15 , 16 to a high pressure gas source, such as for instance the vapor boiler 12 , but other high pressure gas sources are also possible options.
  • a second end 13 b of the at least one plunger 13 is received in a pressure cylinder chamber 17 , which pressure cylinder chamber 17 is provided with an inlet 18 which is connected via a non-return valve 19 to a return line 10 a coming from the at least one condenser 5 , 6 .
  • the pressure cylinder chamber 17 is further provided with an outlet 20 which is connected via a non-return valve 21 to a supply line 10 b which is connected to the vapor boiler 12 .
  • the control valves 15 , 16 working fluid coming from line 10 a can be pumped to line 10 b to fill the vapor boiler 12 .
  • the vapor that is generated in the vapor boiler 12 can be used.
  • the diameter of the drive cylinder chamber 14 should be greater than that of the pressure cylinder chamber 17 .
  • Heat pump systems according to the invention can be used inter alia for:
  • the cooling system according to the invention makes it possible to utilize the heat of the exhaust gases and/or heat from the engine cooling system for cooling. This enables an energy saving and emission reduction for road traffic of 5 to 10%, that is the extra fuel consumption of the engine with the air conditioner switched on.
  • the ejector cooling system according to the invention is an attractive solution.
  • the heat that is needed can be supplied by a burner fed with diesel or with gas from a gas tank (LPG, propane, hydrogen), so that the equipment can be used anytime and anywhere.
  • LPG gas tank
  • thermo compressor vapor ejector
  • vapor can be sucked in from different sources, so that, for instance, residual heat from flue gases, residual heat from the exhaust air and/or waste water from the building, and also heat from a solar collector, can be utilized.
  • Ejector cooling systems driven by district heating according to the invention can contribute to the solution of this problem.
  • the dwelling can be cooled by extracting heat from the circulating ventilating air or from the supply air.
  • the extracted heat can be utilized for heating tap water, or be stored in underground heat buffers to be used for heating during the heating season.
US11/061,764 2004-02-20 2005-02-18 System and method for operating a vapor-ejector heat pump Abandoned US20050188720A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1025537A NL1025537C2 (nl) 2004-02-20 2004-02-20 Systeem en werkwijze voor het bedrijven van een damp-ejector warmtepomp.
NL1025537 2004-02-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050188720A1 true US20050188720A1 (en) 2005-09-01

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ID=34709390

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US11/061,764 Abandoned US20050188720A1 (en) 2004-02-20 2005-02-18 System and method for operating a vapor-ejector heat pump

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20050188720A1 (nl)
EP (1) EP1566599A3 (nl)
NL (1) NL1025537C2 (nl)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080258402A1 (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-10-23 Fanuc Ltd Sealing device for joint section of robot and articulated robot having the same
US20120137714A1 (en) * 2009-08-14 2012-06-07 Sang-Woo Roh Air conditioner using hot water provided by solar heating system
US8776539B2 (en) 2010-07-23 2014-07-15 Carrier Corporation Ejector-type refrigeration cycle and refrigeration device using the same

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008017431A1 (de) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Delunamagma Industries Gmbh Wärmepumpe
CA2671914A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-13 Zine Aidoun A jet pump system for heat and cold management, apparatus, arrangement and methods of use
WO2016180482A1 (en) 2015-05-12 2016-11-17 Carrier Corporation Ejector refrigeration circuit

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1536539A (en) * 1920-05-08 1925-05-05 C H Wheeler Mfg Co Fluid-compressing apparatus
US2014701A (en) * 1928-08-18 1935-09-17 Seligmann Arthur Refrigerating plant
US2986898A (en) * 1959-10-08 1961-06-06 Vilter Mfg Co Refrigeration system with refrigerant operated pump
US3602295A (en) * 1968-09-17 1971-08-31 Thielmann Geb Ag Air conditioner for automotive vehicles
US3680327A (en) * 1970-09-08 1972-08-01 Robert Stein Steam jet refrigeration apparatus
US4301662A (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-11-24 Environ Electronic Laboratories, Inc. Vapor-jet heat pump
US4321801A (en) * 1981-01-26 1982-03-30 Collard Jr Thomas H Jet operated heat pump
US4342200A (en) * 1975-11-12 1982-08-03 Daeco Fuels And Engineering Company Combined engine cooling system and waste-heat driven heat pump
US4429547A (en) * 1981-03-20 1984-02-07 Ab Thermia-Verken Arrangement in a heat pump plant
US4523437A (en) * 1980-10-14 1985-06-18 Hybrid Energy Systems, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning system
US4765148A (en) * 1986-10-22 1988-08-23 Nihon Radiator Co., Ltd. Air conditioning system including pump driven by waste heat
US6670067B2 (en) * 2000-08-10 2003-12-30 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel supply device for fuel cell

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL6510348A (nl) * 1965-08-09 1967-02-10

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1536539A (en) * 1920-05-08 1925-05-05 C H Wheeler Mfg Co Fluid-compressing apparatus
US2014701A (en) * 1928-08-18 1935-09-17 Seligmann Arthur Refrigerating plant
US2986898A (en) * 1959-10-08 1961-06-06 Vilter Mfg Co Refrigeration system with refrigerant operated pump
US3602295A (en) * 1968-09-17 1971-08-31 Thielmann Geb Ag Air conditioner for automotive vehicles
US3680327A (en) * 1970-09-08 1972-08-01 Robert Stein Steam jet refrigeration apparatus
US4342200A (en) * 1975-11-12 1982-08-03 Daeco Fuels And Engineering Company Combined engine cooling system and waste-heat driven heat pump
US4301662A (en) * 1980-01-07 1981-11-24 Environ Electronic Laboratories, Inc. Vapor-jet heat pump
US4523437A (en) * 1980-10-14 1985-06-18 Hybrid Energy Systems, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning system
US4321801A (en) * 1981-01-26 1982-03-30 Collard Jr Thomas H Jet operated heat pump
US4429547A (en) * 1981-03-20 1984-02-07 Ab Thermia-Verken Arrangement in a heat pump plant
US4765148A (en) * 1986-10-22 1988-08-23 Nihon Radiator Co., Ltd. Air conditioning system including pump driven by waste heat
US6670067B2 (en) * 2000-08-10 2003-12-30 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel supply device for fuel cell

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080258402A1 (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-10-23 Fanuc Ltd Sealing device for joint section of robot and articulated robot having the same
US7878088B2 (en) * 2006-08-31 2011-02-01 Fanuc Ltd Sealing device for joint section of robot and articulated robot having the same
US20120137714A1 (en) * 2009-08-14 2012-06-07 Sang-Woo Roh Air conditioner using hot water provided by solar heating system
US8683819B2 (en) * 2009-08-14 2014-04-01 Sang-Woo Roh Air conditioner using hot water provided by solar heating system
US8776539B2 (en) 2010-07-23 2014-07-15 Carrier Corporation Ejector-type refrigeration cycle and refrigeration device using the same

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Publication number Publication date
EP1566599A3 (en) 2007-05-30
NL1025537C2 (nl) 2005-08-23
EP1566599A2 (en) 2005-08-24

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Owner name: GASTEC TECHNOLOGY B.V., NETHERLANDS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JANSEN, CORNELIS;REEL/FRAME:016200/0657

Effective date: 20050225

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION