US20050139595A1 - Method of constructing a liquefied natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas terminal - Google Patents

Method of constructing a liquefied natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas terminal Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050139595A1
US20050139595A1 US10/986,069 US98606904A US2005139595A1 US 20050139595 A1 US20050139595 A1 US 20050139595A1 US 98606904 A US98606904 A US 98606904A US 2005139595 A1 US2005139595 A1 US 2005139595A1
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Prior art keywords
external structure
storage tank
terminal
group
constructing
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Abandoned
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US10/986,069
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Jean Francois Pepin-Lehalleur
Michel Vache
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Assigned to DORIS ENGINEERING reassignment DORIS ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JEAN, FRANCOIS, MARIE PEPIN-LEHALLEUR, VACHE, MICHEL
Publication of US20050139595A1 publication Critical patent/US20050139595A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B5/00—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material
    • B63B5/14—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of concrete, e.g. reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B77/00—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/228—Assembling processes by screws, bolts or rivets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0123—Terminals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of constructing a liquefied natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas terminal, an external structure and a storage tank for implementing the method, and a terminal comprising a structure and a storage tank of this kind.
  • LNG Liquefied natural gas
  • LPG liquefied petroleum gas
  • terminals which may be of the gravity type (in shallow water) or floating type (in deep water), typically comprise an external structure made of concrete and/or steel containing cylindrical, prismatic or spherical metal storage tanks or membrane storage tanks.
  • the construction time of these terminals is usually relatively long and a particular object of the present invention is to provide a solution that significantly reduces the construction time.
  • This method uses flotation of the storage tank as the transport means, so that the storage tank may be floated into the external structure of the terminal in one piece, regardless of its size.
  • the external structure and the storage tanks of the terminal may be constructed completely and simultaneously, which shortens the critical path and therefore the overall site time.
  • the method of the invention envisages constructing the external structure and the storage tanks on separate specialist sites, which optimizes costs, quality and reliability.
  • the present invention also relates to an external terminal structure for implementing the above method that is remarkable in that it is conformed to be able to accommodate said storage tank once constructed.
  • the present invention also relates to a storage tank for equipping the above external terminal structure that is noteworthy in that it floats and is adapted to be mounted inside said external structure once constructed.
  • the present invention also relates to an LNG or LPG terminal noteworthy in that it comprises the above external structure and one or more of the above storage tanks.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a ship alongside an LNG/LPG terminal of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the entities shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a view analogous to that of FIG. 2 including a variant of the terminal according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a ship 1 such as a methane tanker alongside a terminal 3 of the invention.
  • Pipes 5 connecting the ship 1 to the terminal 3 transport fluids such as LNG or LPG from one of these entities to the other.
  • the terminal 3 comprises a gravity type external structure 7 formed of concrete, for example, and resting on the seabed 9 .
  • a metal storage tank 11 of substantially parallelepiped shape complementary to the cavity defined by the external structure 7 .
  • the metal storage tank 11 rests on the bottom of the external structure 7 through appropriate mechanical means 13 (welds, nut and bolt fasteners, tie-rods, etc.).
  • the metal storage tank 11 has on top equipment 15 that may comprise process equipment, utilities (networks of pipes, etc.) and crew's quarters.
  • any seawater in the cavity defined by the external structure 7 has been emptied out, for example pumped out.
  • this cavity is isolated from the seawater by means that may comprise seals 17 disposed between the interior walls of the cavity and the storage tank 11 or a watertight steel or concrete caisson 19 .
  • the metal storage tank 11 is of the double-shell or single-shell type with thermal insulation and an interior membrane according to the type of shell selected.
  • this storage tank is designed to float.
  • the single storage tank 11 is replaced by three substantially cylindrical storage tanks 11 a, 11 b, 11 c disposed inside the cavity defined by the external structure 7 .
  • closure caisson 19 is sufficiently thick to receive the equipment 15 .
  • seals 17 are disposed between a mobile door 21 and the internal walls of the structure 7 .
  • the terminal 3 that has just been described is constructed as follows.
  • the external structure 7 and the storage tank 11 are constructed in parallel and independently, where applicable on separate sites.
  • the external structure 7 When the construction of the external structure 7 is completed, it is floated to the operating site, where it either remains floating or is ballasted so that it rests on the seabed 9 .
  • the tank 11 When the construction of the tank 11 is sufficiently far advanced for the storage tank to float, it is also floated and moved (for example by means of a tug) into the cavity defined by the external structure 7 .
  • the storage tank When the storage tank is inside the cavity, it is placed on the bottom of the cavity by ballasting the storage tank and/or deballasting the external structure 7 , after which the storage tank is fixed to the bottom of the cavity using appropriate mechanical means 13 .
  • the cavity defined by the structure may be isolated by means of the seals 17 and/or the caisson 19 and/or the door 21 .
  • the water between the storage tank and the internal walls of the structure 7 may then advantageously be emptied out (if necessary).
  • connections may then be made between the installations on the external structure 7 and the equipment 15 on the storage tank 11 .
  • the construction of the external structure 7 and that of the storage tanks 11 , 11 a, 11 b, 11 c may be effected in parallel and totally independently, where applicable on separate specialist sites.
  • the external structure 7 need not be of the gravity type, i.e. of the type resting on the seabed.
  • the storage tanks disposed inside the cavity defined by the external structure of the terminal could be of any type and any shape other than those described hereinabove.
  • the storage tanks could be spherical or prismatic.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The method of constructing an LNG or LPG terminal (3) of the type comprising an external structure (7) and at least one storage tank (11; 11 a , 11 b , 11 c), which method is characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
    • constructing said external structure (7),
    • in parallel and independently, constructing said storage tank (11; 11 a, 11 b , 11 c),
    • when the construction of said external structure (7) and said storage tank (11; 11 a, 11 b , 11 c) is completed or on the point of being completed, floating said external structure (7) and said storage tank (11; 11 a , 11 b , 11 c),
    • floating said storage tank (11; 11 a , 11 b , 11 c) into said external structure (7), and
    • fixing said storage tank (11; 11 a, 11 b , 11 c) to the interior of said external structure (7).

Description

  • The present invention relates to a method of constructing a liquefied natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas terminal, an external structure and a storage tank for implementing the method, and a terminal comprising a structure and a storage tank of this kind.
  • Liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) terminals for loading these liquids onto ships (of the methane tanker type in the case of LNG) or off loading these liquids from ships for regassification and landing via a pipeline are known in the art.
  • These terminals, which may be of the gravity type (in shallow water) or floating type (in deep water), typically comprise an external structure made of concrete and/or steel containing cylindrical, prismatic or spherical metal storage tanks or membrane storage tanks.
  • These large storage tanks are assembled inside the concrete structure when the latter is completed or on the point of being completed.
  • The construction time of these terminals is usually relatively long and a particular object of the present invention is to provide a solution that significantly reduces the construction time.
  • This object of the invention is achieved with a method of constructing an LNG or LPG terminal of the type comprising an external structure and at least one storage tank, which method is noteworthy in that it comprises the steps of:
      • constructing said external structure,
      • in parallel and independently, constructing said storage tank,
      • when the construction of said external structure and said storage tank is completed or on the point of being completed, floating said external structure and said storage tank,
      • floating said storage tank into said external structure, and
      • fixing said storage tank to the interior of said external structure.
  • This method uses flotation of the storage tank as the transport means, so that the storage tank may be floated into the external structure of the terminal in one piece, regardless of its size.
  • Using this method, the external structure and the storage tanks of the terminal may be constructed completely and simultaneously, which shortens the critical path and therefore the overall site time.
  • Moreover, the method of the invention envisages constructing the external structure and the storage tanks on separate specialist sites, which optimizes costs, quality and reliability.
  • According to other optional features of the method of the invention:
      • the method comprises the further step of modifying the relative conditions of flotation of said external structure and said storage tank to enable the fixing of said storage tank to the interior of said external structure,
      • said external structure remains floating,
      • said external structure is placed on the seabed,
      • the method comprises the additional step of sheltering and enclosing said storage tank inside said external structure,
      • the method further comprises the step of emptying out the seawater inside said external structure to isolate said storage tank from the marine environment,
      • the method further comprises the step of installing equipment on said storage tank during its construction.
  • The present invention also relates to an external terminal structure for implementing the above method that is remarkable in that it is conformed to be able to accommodate said storage tank once constructed.
  • According to other optional features of this external structure:
      • it has a U-shaped cross section,
      • it is of the gravity type,
      • it is formed of a material chosen from the group comprising concrete, steel, and concrete+steel,
      • it comprises closure means,
      • said closure means are chosen from the group comprising a sealed caisson and a door formed from a material chosen from the group comprising a metal alloy and concrete,
      • said closure means comprise sealing means adapted to be disposed between the walls of said external structure and those of said storage tank.
  • The present invention also relates to a storage tank for equipping the above external terminal structure that is noteworthy in that it floats and is adapted to be mounted inside said external structure once constructed.
  • According to other optional features of this storage tank:
      • it has a shape chosen from the group comprising parallelepiped, cylinder, prism and sphere shapes,
      • it is chosen from the group comprising double-shell and single-shell metal storage tanks with thermal insulation and interior membrane, as appropriate to the type of shell concerned,
      • it comprises equipment chosen from the group comprising process equipment, utilities and crew's quarters.
  • The present invention also relates to an LNG or LPG terminal noteworthy in that it comprises the above external structure and one or more of the above storage tanks.
  • Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the light of the following description and from examining the appended drawing, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a ship alongside an LNG/LPG terminal of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the entities shown in FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 3 is a view analogous to that of FIG. 2 including a variant of the terminal according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a ship 1 such as a methane tanker alongside a terminal 3 of the invention.
  • Pipes 5 connecting the ship 1 to the terminal 3 transport fluids such as LNG or LPG from one of these entities to the other.
  • In the example represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, the terminal 3 comprises a gravity type external structure 7 formed of concrete, for example, and resting on the seabed 9.
  • Inside this external structure, which has a U-shaped section open at the top, as may be seen in FIG. 1, is a metal storage tank 11 of substantially parallelepiped shape complementary to the cavity defined by the external structure 7.
  • The metal storage tank 11 rests on the bottom of the external structure 7 through appropriate mechanical means 13 (welds, nut and bolt fasteners, tie-rods, etc.).
  • The metal storage tank 11 has on top equipment 15 that may comprise process equipment, utilities (networks of pipes, etc.) and crew's quarters.
  • In the example represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, any seawater in the cavity defined by the external structure 7 has been emptied out, for example pumped out.
  • Where applicable, this cavity is isolated from the seawater by means that may comprise seals 17 disposed between the interior walls of the cavity and the storage tank 11 or a watertight steel or concrete caisson 19.
  • The metal storage tank 11 is of the double-shell or single-shell type with thermal insulation and an interior membrane according to the type of shell selected.
  • Moreover, this storage tank is designed to float.
  • In the variant represented in FIG. 3, the single storage tank 11 is replaced by three substantially cylindrical storage tanks 11 a, 11 b, 11 c disposed inside the cavity defined by the external structure 7.
  • It will also be noted that in this variant the closure caisson 19 is sufficiently thick to receive the equipment 15.
  • It will further be noted that the seals 17 are disposed between a mobile door 21 and the internal walls of the structure 7.
  • The terminal 3 that has just been described is constructed as follows.
  • The following account refers to the variant represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, it being understood that the method of constructing the terminal represented in FIG. 3 is similar in all respects.
  • The external structure 7 and the storage tank 11 are constructed in parallel and independently, where applicable on separate sites.
  • When the construction of the external structure 7 is completed, it is floated to the operating site, where it either remains floating or is ballasted so that it rests on the seabed 9.
  • When the construction of the tank 11 is sufficiently far advanced for the storage tank to float, it is also floated and moved (for example by means of a tug) into the cavity defined by the external structure 7.
  • When the storage tank is inside the cavity, it is placed on the bottom of the cavity by ballasting the storage tank and/or deballasting the external structure 7, after which the storage tank is fixed to the bottom of the cavity using appropriate mechanical means 13.
  • When the storage tank 11 is inside the structure 7, the cavity defined by the structure may be isolated by means of the seals 17 and/or the caisson 19 and/or the door 21.
  • The water between the storage tank and the internal walls of the structure 7 may then advantageously be emptied out (if necessary).
  • The connections may then be made between the installations on the external structure 7 and the equipment 15 on the storage tank 11.
  • As is clear from the foregoing description, the construction of the external structure 7 and that of the storage tanks 11, 11 a, 11 b, 11 c may be effected in parallel and totally independently, where applicable on separate specialist sites.
  • This shortens the critical path and therefore the overall time on site for the construction of the terminal 3.
  • Furthermore, if separate specialist sites are used for the construction of the external structure 7 and the storage tanks, optimum costs, quality and reliability may be achieved.
  • It will also be noted that physically dissociating the external structure 7 and the storage tanks in the terminal of the invention circumvents constraints regarding the external structure 7 specific to the storage of liquids such as LNG or LPG.
  • It will further be noted that the solution consisting in emptying out the seawater in the cavity defined by the external structure 7 would seem to be preferable in that it enables easy maintenance of the storage tanks and the detection and repair of leaks, as well as reducing the number and/or the size of the mechanical fixing means 13.
  • Of course, the present invention is not restricted to the embodiments described hereinabove by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example.
  • For example, the external structure 7 need not be of the gravity type, i.e. of the type resting on the seabed.
  • In very deep waters, applying the present invention to an FPSO type floating external structure 7 may be envisaged.
  • Furthermore, the storage tanks disposed inside the cavity defined by the external structure of the terminal could be of any type and any shape other than those described hereinabove.
  • For example, the storage tanks could be spherical or prismatic.

Claims (19)

1. Method of constructing an LNG or LPG terminal of the type comprising an external structure and at least one storage tank, comprising the steps of:
constructing said external structure,
in parallel and independently, constructing said storage tank,
when the construction of said external structure and said storage tank is completed or on the point of being completed, floating said external structure and said storage tank,
floating said storage tank into said external structure, and
fixing said storage tank to the interior of said external structure.
2. Method according to claim 1, comprising the further step of modifying the relative conditions of flotation of said external structure and said storage tank to enable the fixing of said storage tank to the interior of said external structure.
3. Method according to either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said external structure remains floating.
4. Method according to either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said external structure is placed on the seabed.
5. Method according to claim 1, comprising the additional step of sheltering and enclosing said storage tank inside said external structure.
6. Method according to claim 5, further comprising the step of emptying out the seawater inside said external structure to isolate said storage tank from the marine environment.
7. Method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of installing equipment on said storage tank during its construction.
8. External structure of a terminal for implementing a method according to claim 1, wherein said structure is conformed to be able to accommodate said storage tank when constructed.
9. External structure according to claim 8, wherein said structure has a U-shaped cross section.
10. External structure according to claim 8 for implementing a method according to claim 4, wherein said external structure is of the gravity type.
11. External structure according to claim 8, wherein said external structure is formed of a material chosen from the group comprising concrete, steel, and concrete+steel.
12. External structure according to any claim 8 for implementing a method according to claim 5, wherein said external structure comprises closure means.
13. External structure according to claim 12, wherein said closure means are chosen from the group comprising a sealed caisson and a door formed from a material chosen from the group comprising a metal alloy and concrete.
14. External structure according to claim 12, wherein said closure means comprise sealing means adapted to be disposed between the walls of said external structure and those of said storage tank.
15. Storage tank adapted to equip an external structure of a terminal according to claim 8 for implementing a method according to claim 1, wherein said storage tank floats and is adapted to be installed inside said external structure once constructed.
16. Storage tank according to claim 15, wherein said storage tank has a shape chosen from the group comprising parallelepiped, cylinder, prism and sphere shapes.
17. Storage tank according to either claim 15 or claim 16, wherein said storage tank is chosen from the group comprising double-shell and single-shell metal storage tanks with thermal insulation and interior membrane, as appropriate to the type of shell concerned.
18. Storage tank according to either claim 15 or claim 16, wherein said storage tank comprises equipment chosen from the group comprising process equipment, utilities and crew's quarters.
19. LNG or LPG terminal, characterized in that it comprises an external structure according to claim 8 and at least one storage tank according to either claim 15 or claim 16.
US10/986,069 2003-11-17 2004-11-12 Method of constructing a liquefied natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas terminal Abandoned US20050139595A1 (en)

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FR0313409A FR2862272B1 (en) 2003-11-17 2003-11-17 PROCESS FOR CONSTRUCTING TERMINAL FOR LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS OR LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
FR0313409 2003-11-17

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KR102263254B1 (en) 2014-11-27 2021-06-11 그래비플로트 에이에스 Sea bed terminal for offshore activities
EP3250758A4 (en) * 2014-11-27 2018-11-14 Gravi Float AS Sea bed terminal for offshore activities
WO2017168381A1 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-10-05 Sembcorp Marine Integrated Yard Pte Ltd. Seabed base structure and method for installation of same
US10919606B2 (en) 2016-04-01 2021-02-16 Sembcorp Marine Integrated Yard Pte. Ltd. Seabed base structure and method for installation of same
JP2019511656A (en) * 2016-04-01 2019-04-25 セムコープ マリン インテグレイテッド ヤード プライベート リミテッド Submarine foundation structure and installation method thereof
NO341401B1 (en) * 2016-05-26 2017-10-30 Sembcorp Marine Integrated Yard Pte Ltd Sea bed terminal for drilling
NO20160906A1 (en) * 2016-05-26 2017-10-30 Sembcorp Marine Integrated Yard Pte Ltd Sea bed terminal for drilling
US20200024816A1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2020-01-23 Gravifloat As Harbour plant and method for mooring a floating body in a harbour plant
WO2018078534A1 (en) 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Gravifloat As Harbour plant and method for mooring a floating body in a harbour plant
US10988905B2 (en) * 2016-10-27 2021-04-27 Gravifloat As Harbour plant and method for mooring a floating body in a harbour plant
US10309071B2 (en) * 2016-12-21 2019-06-04 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Floatable modular protective harbor structure and method of seasonal service extension of offshore vessels in ice-prone environments
US11848113B2 (en) 2017-03-21 2023-12-19 Strong Force Iot Portfolio 2016, Llc Network and information systems and methods for shipyard manufactured and ocean delivered nuclear platform
WO2019183575A1 (en) * 2018-03-22 2019-09-26 Energie Propre Prodigy Ltee / Prodigy Clean Energy Ltd. Systems and methods for rapid establishment of offshore nuclear power platforms

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ITMI20042123A1 (en) 2005-02-05
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CN1618721A (en) 2005-05-25
CN1618721B (en) 2010-09-08
FR2862272B1 (en) 2007-01-26

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