US20050115690A1 - Methods for producing recycled pulp from waste paper - Google Patents
Methods for producing recycled pulp from waste paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050115690A1 US20050115690A1 US10/991,854 US99185404A US2005115690A1 US 20050115690 A1 US20050115690 A1 US 20050115690A1 US 99185404 A US99185404 A US 99185404A US 2005115690 A1 US2005115690 A1 US 2005115690A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- recycled pulp
- pulp
- available
- waste paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 12
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 11
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000243251 Hydra Species 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoniazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- YSGSDAIMSCVPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N valyl-methionine Chemical compound CSCCC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)C(C)C YSGSDAIMSCVPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001482108 Alosa pseudoharengus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237074 Centris Species 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000286663 Ficus elastica Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000735234 Ligustrum Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000566150 Pandion haliaetus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233805 Phoenix Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000274582 Pycnanthus angolensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277284 Salvelinus fontinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001223864 Sphyraena barracuda Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011098 white lined chipboard Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
- D21C5/02—Working-up waste paper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/64—Paper recycling
Definitions
- the invention provides methods and apparatus for using waste paper to produce recycled pulp that can be used by the paper industry.
- the recycled pulp produced by the methods and apparatus of the invention can optionally be mixed with virgin pulp to produce paper or paper-products.
- the invention provides methods and apparatus to produce recycled pulp that can be sold or traded to paper mills.
- the recycled pulp of the invention can be stored and/or transported in containers and can be delivered to paper mills by any conventional method, e.g., truck, train, ship, and the like.
- the invention provides recycled pulp (i.e., fibers in liquid) which is in a form that can be easily and readily used by paper mills.
- the methods and apparatus of the invention eliminate the steps of (i) producing a dry bale of recycled fibers, and (ii) re-pulping the dry bale of recycled fibers.
- the invention produces recycled pulp that can be immediately used by the paper industry, either alone or in combination with virgin pulp, to produce paper and/or paper products.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system or apparatus according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system or apparatus according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a detail of a fiber separator of the systems or apparatuses of FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a detail of a de-liquefier of the systems or apparatuses of FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- FIG. 5 is a detail of a fiber cleaning system that may be added to the systems or apparatuses of FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- FIG. 6 is a detail of, among other things, a fiber separator, and a de-liquefier of a system or apparatus according to the invention.
- the invention provides methods and apparatus for using waste paper to produce recycled pulp that can be used by the paper industry.
- the recycled pulp produced by the methods and apparatus of the invention can optionally be mixed with virgin pulp to produce paper and/or paper products.
- Pulp refers to fibers in liquid (e.g., water).
- the fibers can be in a liquid slurry, liquid suspension, or the like.
- Fibers includes wood-based cellulosic fibers, nonwood-based cellulosic fibers, natural textile fibers, man-made fibers, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the term “fibers” includes natural and man-made fibers that are capable of entrapping or entraining air within their structure, such as rockwool, cellulosic fibers, glass fibers and the like.
- Cellulosic pulp refers to wood-based cellulosic fibers and/or nonwood-based cellulosic fibers.
- “Virgin pulp” refers to pulp obtained directly from trees.
- Recycled pulp refers to pulp produced from waste paper. “Relatively pure recycled pulp” refers to pulp that contains cellulosic pulp in an amount of about 50% or more; 60% or more; 70% or more; or 80% or more. In another embodiment, “relatively pure recycled pulp” refers to pulp that contains cellulosic pulp in an amount of about 50% to about 99%; about 60% to about 99%; about 70% to about 99%; about 80% to about 99%, or an amount of about 90% to about 99%.
- the recycled pulp produced by the methods, systems and apparatus of the invention is in a form that can be directly used for further processing by a paper mill without having to be re-pulped.
- the recycled pulp has a solids content, for example, between about 1 wt % and about 85 wt %.
- the recycled pulp can have a solids content between about 1 wt % and about 25 wt %; between about 1 wt % and about 20 wt %; or between about 5 wt % and about 15 wt %.
- the recycled pulp can have a solids content between about 30 wt % and about 85 wt %; between about 30 wt % and about 75 wt %; or between about 45 wt % and about 70 wt %. Because the recycled pulp of the invention is not dried, it can be immediately used by the paper mills without having to be re-pulped. Alternatively, it can be stored and used at a later date by the paper mills without having to be re-pulped.
- “Prohibitives” include any material which, in excess of the amount allowed, would make the waste paper unusable as the grade specified or any materials that may be damaging to the equipment that processes the waste paper. Scrap Specifications Circular 2003, page 22, Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc. (2003).
- Waste paper refers to and includes any grade of waste paper known in the art. Any grade of waste paper known in the art, including those described herein, can be used in the methods, systems and apparatus of the invention to produce recycled pulp. An unexpected advantage of the invention is that any grade, including low quality grades, of waste paper can be used as a starting material.
- the four broad classes of waste paper are (1) pulp substitutes, (2) de-inking grades, (3) brown kraft grades and (4) mixed waste paper.
- Pulp substitutes are generally substitutes for chemical pulps. Chemical pulps are pulp produced by chemical treatments. The quality of pulp substitutes is most similar to that of virgin fiber, so their price is also related to virgin fiber (e.g., converting and printing trimmings; guillotine shavings (mechanical and wood free separately); tinteds (suitable for bleaching); and lightly printed waste paper (e.g.: ledger, ruled book trimmings). Polycoated board (e.g.: plastic coated liquid packaging board cartons, footboard, paper plate and cup board) also produces a good quality pulp, but requires separate initial repulping treatment.
- virgin fiber e.g., converting and printing trimmings; guillotine shavings (mechanical and wood free separately); tinteds (suitable for bleaching); and lightly printed waste paper (e.g.: ledger, ruled book trimmings).
- Polycoated board e.g.: plastic coated liquid packaging board cartons, footboard, paper plate and cup board also produces a good quality pulp, but requires separate initial repulping
- Brown kraft grades include, for example, corrugated plant waste; old corrugated containers; KLS (kraft lined strawboard is waste-based old corrugated container having more than 33 wt % kraft linerboard); used kraft sacks; and converting waste. This waste paper is used mainly for test linerboard and fluting. Old corrugated container bleaching is used for fine papers.
- Mixed waste paper is the cheapest and lowest quality waste paper. Traditionally, this has been the balance, after taking out household waste paper and other grades that are easy to sort. Mixed waste paper has been used for chipboard and gray back folding boxboard.
- Old newsprint is usually graded as #6 or #8.
- the methods and apparatus of the invention are able to process mixed waste paper, including old newsprint.
- Household waste is commanding attention as the last major vein of waste paper to be mined. Called residential mixed paper, the U.S. recovery rate of the approximately 9 mullion tons per year is only about 20%.
- the collection system used determines the quality of the resulting waste paper. When old newsprint is collected separately in the United States, the resulting waste paper composition is approximately 30% carton board/SBS packaging; 30% white grades and mail; 25% mechanical fiber (news/magazine/coated and uncoated); and 15% brown kraft (bag and old corrugated containers).
- This waste paper may be a substitute for medium quality OCC, with the lower price offsetting the lower yield.
- Specific grades of waste paper as defined by Scrap Specifications Circular 2003, pages 22-25, Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc., that can be used as the starting material to produce the recycled pulp of the invention include: (1) soft mixed paper; (2) mixed paper; (4) boxboard cuttings; (5) mill wrappers; (6) news; (7) news, de-inking quality; (8) specialty news de-inking quality; (9) over-issue news; (10) magazines; (11) corrugated containers; (12) double sorted corrugated; (13) new double-line kraft corrugated cuttings; (15) used brown kraft; (16) mixed kraft cuttings; (17) carrier stock; (18) new colored kraft; (19) grocery bag scrap; (20) kraft multi-wall bag scrap; (21) new brown kraft envelope cuttings; (22) mixed groundwood shavings; (23) telephone directories; (24) white blank news; (25) groundwood computer printout; (26) publication blanks; (27) flyleaf shavings; (28) coated soft white shavings; (30) hard white shavings; (31) hard white envelope cuttings; (33)
- Bagasse is an alternative or additional starting material that can be used in the methods, systems and apparatus of the invention to make recycled pulp.
- Bagasse is the cellulosic fiber separated from the non-fibrous component of plants, such as sugar from sugar beets or sugar cane and natural rubber from rubber plants.
- bagasse is available in a bagasse belt around the world parallel to the equator, which extends from Spain in the North to South Africa and Australia in the South.
- the sugar cane harvesting campaign lasts 4-9 months, which means most pulp mills must carry large stocks of bagasse.
- the bagasse is burned in the sugar mill's boilers to provide its steam and power requirements.
- Bagasse can be used in a wide range of paper grades, including coated papers. The following table shows some typical levels, which would also apply approximately to other non-wood pulps, with similar properties (e.g.: fiber length).
- the methods and apparatus of the invention can be used to process any grade of waste paper, including law quality grades of waste paper, such as old newsprint and mixed waste paper.
- the waste paper used in the methods and apparatus of the invention can be a single grade or can be a combination/mixture of two, three, four, five, six, seven or more different grades of waste paper.
- FIG. 1 an apparatus 10 for converting waste material into recycled pulp is shown.
- the apparatus 10 comprises at least one fiber separator 12 and, optionally, at least one waste liquid treater 42 in communication with the fiber separator 12 .
- the fiber separator 12 is preferably a liquid-based fiber separator, such as an aqueous based fiber separator.
- the apparatus 10 can optionally comprise at least one junk trap 15 and/or at least one ragger 16 for removing prohibitives.
- the apparatus 10 comprises at least one fiber separator 12 , at least one de-liquefier 14 , and, optionally, at least one waste liquid treater 42 in communication with the fiber separator 12 and/or the de-liquefier 14 .
- the de-liquefier 14 is located downstream from the fiber separator 12 and the de-liquefier 14 is for removing liquid from the recycled pulp.
- the fiber separator 12 may be a liquid-based fiber separator, such as an aqueous based fiber separator.
- the apparatus 10 can optionally comprise at least one junk trap (not shown) and/or at least one ragger (not shown) for removing prohibitives.
- the fiber separator 12 can comprise one or more batch pulpers and/or continuous pulpers, which are known in the paper making art.
- Exemplary conventional fiber pulpers include TA series pulpers (available from Allimand); Aquabrusher (available from APMEW or Bellmer); Grubbens pulper (available from Cellwood or Corner); Barracuda pulper (available from GL&V); Shark pulper (available from GL&V); HDK Channel pulper (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); HD Vertical pulper (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); Preflo pulper (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); Delta pulper (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamont, Aikawa); Hydrapulper pulper (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamont, Aikawa); St series pulpers (available from Voith Paper); and Unipulper pulpers (available from Voith Paper).
- batch pulping may be used together with a helical low attrition rotor (resembling an inflated corkscrew) to minimize prohibitive breakdown.
- a helical low attrition rotor (resembling an inflated corkscrew) to minimize prohibitive breakdown.
- Examples of such equipment include Bi Pulper (available from A. Celli and Corner); Tri Dyne (available from GL&V); CHD (Continuous High Density pulper system with screen for accepts); SMG Pulper (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); and Helico pulper and Hi Con pulper (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamont).
- Bi Pulper available from A. Celli and Corner
- Tri Dyne available from GL&V
- CHD Continuous High Density pulper system with screen for accepts
- SMG Pulper available from Metso Paper/Fiber
- Helico pulper and Hi Con pulper available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamont.
- the removal of large prohibitives from waste paper may be achieved by subsystems around the fiber separator 12 , such as a junk trap 15 .
- the junk trap can be used to remove prohibitives (e.g., stones, metal, and other heavy materials) that can sink into this dead area of the pulper, between two valves, and is automatically purged at desired time intervals.
- prohibitives e.g., stones, metal, and other heavy materials
- a Privet Double DumperTM is an example of such a junk trap.
- a ragger 16 is also useful for removing prohibitives (e.g., baling wire, rags, plastic strips, string, and the like).
- the prohibitives entangle each other and may be withdrawn from the fiber separator 12 as an endless ragger rope by the capstan-like ragger 16 .
- An example of such equipment includes the Valmet ragger (available from Metso Paper/Fiber).
- the rope may be periodically cut by the ragger rope cutter to facilitate its disposal.
- An example of such equipment includes the Valmet tail cutter (available from Metso Paper/Fiber), Broken ragger tails, weighing up to 3 tons, can be retrieved from the fiber separator 12 without emptying it.
- An example of equipment useful for such operations includes the Ragger tail grabber (available from Neilsen & Hiebert Systems).
- Drum pulpers provide an alternative approach to the conventional pulper. Characteristics of drum pulpers include continuous operation, minimum degradation of fibers and prohibitives, and low power consumption (e.g., energy conservation). Examples of equipment useful for such an operation include the Fibreflow Drum pulper (available from Andntz-Ahlstrom) and the Horizontal Drum-Soaking-Mixing-Screening System (available from Finckh).
- the fiber separator 12 can include a secondary pulper downstream from the primary pulper.
- the secondary pulper will complement the primary pulper's ability to take out large prohibitives by removing high and low density prohibitives, while also deflaking undisintegrated flakes of paper.
- the secondary pulper may be either batch or continuous, and models are available for both batch and continuous primary pulpers. Examples of secondary pulpers include Selector and Selepump pulpers (available from A.
- Epurex available from Corner
- ESC series available from Corner
- Turboremover pulpers available from Corner
- RejectsMaster pulper available from Finckh
- BeiPurge pulper available from GL&V
- Tamtrap TTP pulper available from Metso Paper/Fiber
- the fiber separator 12 of the invention can include other equipment such as, for example, a fiber classifier, a dispersion system, a kneading system, and the like.
- dispersion systems include Krima (available from Cellwood, Corner and FMW), Diskperser (available from GL&V), Micar Processor, Diva (based on Conflo+HiPreheater fluffer/steam mixer (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); Frotapulper (available from MoDoMekan), Triturator/Kneading Disperser (available from Thenno Black Clawson, Lamort); Disperger (available from Voith Paper).
- kneading systems include MDR Kneader (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom), Ultra Twin Flyte (available from Thermo Black Clawson), Kneading Disperger (available from Voith Paper).
- the de-liquefier 14 may include any of the many types of equipment used for thickening, washing, and/or separation.
- the de-liquefier 14 may include a thickener 25 for increasing the solids content of the recycled pulp that comes out of the liquid-based fiber separator 1 .
- the liquid removed by the de-liquefier 14 may be called filtrate or pressate (e.g., when from a press).
- the solid material from a filter may be called filter cake.
- a belt filter press can perform this function.
- Exemplary belt filter presses include Double Wire Press (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom); BDP (available from Baker Process); Turbodrain (1 wire), Winkelpress (2 wires), and Cascade S ⁇ both types in series) (available from Bellmer and Corner); HC Press, Gap Washer, and TwinWire (with Paraformer headbox) (available from Metso Paper/Fiber and Phoenix Process Equipment); Salter Belt Press (available from Salter); DNT Washer (available from Thermo Black Clawson); Vario Split (available from Voith Paper); and Osprey (available from William Jones, London).
- the de-liquefier 14 may include a screw press 40 the may have either a single screw (e.g., Brown Stock Washing) or double screw ⁇ e.g., two counter rotating intermeshed screws).
- curved screen for example, Hydra Screen, Hydrasieve, and Micra Screen (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom); Bow Screen and DSM (available from Dutch State Mines and GL&V/Celleco); and Hydrosil (Spirac) and Vertiscreen (available from Thermo Black Clawson); the Decker; Dewatering drum screen ⁇ e.g., (available from Corner); AKTROM (available from Kufferath); RE (available from Saltec and Sinclair); Free Drainage Thickener (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort); Screen Drum F type and ZTR.B (available from Voith Paper and Warburton Holder) ⁇ ; the Disc save all filter ⁇ e.g., Discfilter (available from Hydrotech) ⁇ ; the Disc thickener ⁇ e.g., AKSE (available from Kufferath) ⁇ ; the Gravity decker ⁇ e.g., Hooper (available from Andr
- the waste liquid treater 42 included in the system is an optional aspect of the invention and may be beneficial in allowing the reuse of the liquid in the processing of the waste paper and waste materials of the invention.
- the liquid-based fiber separator 12 may include a conveyor 44 for providing the waste paper to the pulper 22 . Also shown in FIG. 3 is that the fiber separator 12 may include a surge tank 34 for accumulating sufficient quantities of pulp and liquid to support pseudo continuous processes downstream. One skilled in the art will recognize that those types of conveyors 44 are commonly used to feed waste paper to the pulper 22 . To that end, the fiber separator 12 of the invention may include one or more conveyers 44 .
- the conveyer includes a steel slat type conveyor (or apron conveyor) for baled and loose waste paper; a chain belt type conveyor for loose waste paper, where the rubber belt is driven by a chain; and a sliding belt type conveyor for dewired bales and loose waste paper, where the belt (with a low friction underside) may be supported by a steel trough.
- bale wire may be removed automatically (dewiring) and compacted using equipment such as: Wire Wizard (available from Advanced Dynamics, B+G Fordertechnik, and FMW); Wirewolf (available from Lamb and Metrans); and Wiremaster (available from Neilsen & Hiebert Systems and Suntib).
- the fiber cleaning system 30 may include, for example, a screen 32 , conical cleaners 36 , a washer or washers 37 , and a surge tank 34 .
- a screen 32 may be used in the cleaning system 30 to remove prohibitives. Common principles apply to the variety of useable screens. In each case, the actual equipment used is that appropriate for the fiber material and prohibitives present.
- a pressure screen is one type of screen 32 . Examples of such a screen include: pressure screens (available from A. Celli, Fiedler, Finckh; BelWave (available from GL&V); Nimega (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); Cobra, Lehman, and ThermoTek (available from Thenno Black Clawson, Lamort); and C Bar (Voith Paper).
- Coarse screening may use screen hole diameters usually ranging between about 0.5-2.5 mm (between about 20-100 thousands), but going up to about 10 mm at a “high consistency” feed of between about 2 wt. % and 5 wt. %. If following a pulper extraction plate orifice diameter of between about 3 or 6 mm, hole size may be reduced to about 1 mm.
- Intermediate screening uses screen slot widths usually ranging between about 0.25-0.65 mm (between about 10-26 thousands) at a “high consistency” feed of between about 2.5 wt. % and 5 wt. %.
- Fine screening uses screen slot widths usually ranging between about 0.08-0.25 mm (between about 3.2-10 thousands) at a “low consistency” feed of between about 1 wt. % and 3 wt. %.
- One, two or three separate screenings may be used, depending on the application. The above distinction becomes blurred when considering the pulper extraction plate (sometimes with a screen following it) as coarse screening and placing coarse and fine screen stages in one pressure screen body.
- Examples of other usable screens include: Ahlsorter, Hooper, MODUScreen C, H, and F (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom); Cyberscreen, PV Screen, Selectifier and Ultra Screen (available from Corner); C.H.
- Horizontal Screen, Diabolo, and Hico Screen N (available from Finckh); Alfascreen, CellecoScreen (both horizontal), Hi-Q, S Screen (GL&V), Key Screen (Maule), DeltaScreen, MiniDelta Screen, TAP Screen, TAS Screen, and TL series (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); SP Screen series and Ultra-V (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamont); and Centriscreen, EcoScreen, Minisorter, MultiSorter, Omniscreen, Omnisorter and Spectro Screen (available from Voith Paper).
- Some pressure screen bodies have two screens (e.g.: concentric baskets), so that both slots and holes may be used together.
- the stock may also be deflaked in the screen.
- the MUST screen Multistage, Metso Paper/Fiber
- a showering screen is a recent device intended to wash good fiber out of the final rejects. It resembles a pressure screen (with a basket), but also contains showers that separate good fiber while the rotor does some deflaking. The yield of recycled pulp is thus improved (up to 50% of rejects can be good fiber), and the quantity for landfill reduced. Examples of its use in waste paper systems include after the pulper and HD cleaner in the place of multistage coarse screening and when multistage screening is required, as a tailings screen for the final stage screen rejects.
- the four main alternative hook ups for pressure screens include cascade, forward flow, partial cascade, and A-B configuration. Variations exist according to the number of stages, position in the process, equipment (e.g.: in parallel), experience, and the like. Cascade has traditionally been used most commonly. Accepts from the first (primary) stage continue downstream, and its rejects are fed to the 2nd (secondary) stage. Accepts from the 2nd stage are returned to the feed of the first (primary) stage, while its rejects go to the 3rd (tertiary) stage. Rejects from the last stage go to a tailings screen.
- Partial cascade is similar to forward flow, except that accepts from the 3rd (tertiary) stage screen are screened again in the 2nd (secondary) stage screen instead of joining the main stock flow.
- A-B configuration two similar screens are employed in series for mechanical pulp screening and sometimes fine screening.
- the additional unit may give greater cleanliness relative to forward flow.
- the conical cleaners 36 may include one or more hydrocyclones.
- hydrocyclone hydroclone
- the cyclone geometry provides decreasing (cross-sectional) diameter. For the solids, this means increasing acceleration, due to the increasing G force, i.e., acceleration measured relative to the acceleration of free fall due to gravity, 9.81 m/s 2 , and increasing Prohibitive/fiber separation efficiency.
- Banks (e.g., rows) of the numerous individual cleaners may be combined in a variety of orientations (a circle, rows, etc.) so as to share common feed and discharge chambers. Examples of such a variety of orientations include: Spirelpak (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort) and Tripac 90 (available from GL&V/Celleco).
- the conical cleaners 36 may include one or more of a forward flow (conventional) cleaner; a high density cleaner, a reverse cleaner, a through flow cleaner, core bleed cleaner, an asymmetrical cleaner and a rotating body cleaner.
- a conventional centrifugal cleaner (CC, centricleaner, forward flow cleaner, free vortex cleaner) is approximately the shape of a narrow cyclone (i.e., an inverted cone), with the stock entering at a tangent in the top.
- a whirlpool like vortex is formed, so that high density prohibitives move to the bottom of the cone from where they are rejected.
- the accepted stock goes to the top of the cone from where it passes upstream.
- forward flow cleaners examples include: Ahlcleaner RB series, Centri Cleaner, and TC series (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom, Corner and Fiedler); Albia T, Cleanpac 270 to 1500 series, Elast 0 Cone, Posiflow and TW series (available from GL&V); CT series, Hydraclone, ELP series and Ultra Clone (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort); and Cyclean, and KS series (available from Voith Paper and Wilbanks). Up to about 5 stages of cleaners may be used, depending on the cleanliness required.
- a high density cleaner is a urge diameter forward flow cleaner operating between the ranges of about 2% and 6% consistency. It is located close to the pulper when using lower grade waste paper furnishes and removes high density prohibitives. An elutriation section helps to separate fiber from rejects. The latter are removed from the rejects chamber either manually (via the door) or automatically (by 2 timed valves). Examples of high density cleaner ⁇ HD cleaner) include: (that available from A.
- Ahlcleaner RB 300HD available from Andritz-Ahlstrom
- Cleantrap Grubbens High Density Cleaner (available from Cellwood), (Corner); Albia TFRB, Combitrap (available from GL&V); HC Cleaner (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); HD Cyclone, Liquid Cyclone, Low Profile Cyclone and Ruffclone (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort, Aikawa); DIC, D2C, and High-Consistency Purifier S series and T series (available from Voith Paper).
- a reverse cleaner In a reverse cleaner, the normal accepts and rejects exit points are reversed. Good low-density prohibitives removal may be achieved. About 50% of the flow (and proportionally more of the fiber) may be rejected. The accepts flow may be thickened by a factor of up to about 2.5.
- Examples of reverse cleaners include: Cleanpac 2708, Cleanpac RT (reverse, thickening), Tripac 90 Reverse (available from GL&V/Celleco); Contra-Clone, CT series, and Xtreme, (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort); and KS series (available from Voith Paper).
- a through flow cleaner In a through flow cleaner (flow through, parallel flow), both the rejects and accepts come out at the same end. It removes low density prohibitives together with air. Rejects are about 10% of the feed flow.
- Examples of through flow cleaners include: Cleanpac 250 LWR and UniFlow (available from GL&V); XX-Clone (available from Thermo Black Clawson); and Coreclean (available from Voith Paper).
- the core bleed cleaner has the configuration of a forward flow cleaner, but with the addition of a central bleed for low density prohibitives (plus deaeration) from the accepts stream. Each rejects stream equals about 10% of the feed flow.
- core bleed cleaners include: Ahlcleaner SC 133 (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom); Albia TDLR, Cleanpac 350 Combi, and Cleanpac 700 LD (available from GL&V); and KS/E series (available from Voith Paper).
- the asymmetrical cleaner is essentially a forward flow cleaner, but with one straight side and, the other side converging on it. This departure from symmetry about a central axis provides, among its benefits, the ability to manipulate (and remove) particles according to their position within the cleaner strata (e.g., levels).
- the asymmetrical cleaner takes two different forms: those resembling the Cleanpac 270 SR (Step Release having steps in the converging side plus a constricted cone end removed available from GL&V/Celleco) and those resembling the Cleanpac 270 HyS (having increases in the feed and accepts pressure available from GL&V/Celleco).
- the rotating body cleaner differs from the others in that a horizontal cylinder (e.g., 500 mm diameter) rotates at 1,300-1,500 rev/min, thus exerting a greater centrifugal force of about 700 G over a longer retention time, to give good low-density prohibitive removal efficiency.
- a rotating body cleaner includes the Gyroclean (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort). Gyrocleans may be efficient stickies separators.
- An elutriation section may be added to the last stage of a conical cleaner 36 to reduce the rejects' fiber content and liquid consumption. This may be achieved by injecting liquid, which pushes good fiber back into the system for subsequent separation.
- the elutriation section may include valves to periodically discharge the rejects. Examples of elutriation sections include: Albia WFRC (water and fiber recovery control), FRB, RCC, and Fibermizer FMZ (available from GL&V) and Rejectomat (available from Voith Paper).
- FIG. 6 shows the fiber separator 12 , fiber cleaning system 30 , and de-liquefier 14 combined in a manner that is beneficial for production of recycled pulp according to the invention.
- the apparatus can optionally further comprise a means for de-inking the waste paper and/or recycled pulp.
- De-inking is the process of removing ink and other contaminants from waste paper De-inking means are known in the art and described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,576,083, 6,544,383, 6,426,200, 6,217,706, and the like.
- the de-inking means can be flotation de-inking.
- the de-inking means can be a combined flotation/wash de-inking process.
- the de-inking means can be an enzymatic de-inking means.
- the apparatus of the invention can optionally further comprise a means for bleaching the waste paper and/or recycled pulp.
- Bleaching means are well known in the art and described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,569,284, 6,533,896, 5,989,388, and the like. Bleaching is generally accomplished with ozone, hydrogen peroxide and/or chlorine.
- the starting material for the methods and apparatus of the invention is one grade of waste paper or is a mixture/combination of two, three, four, five, six, seven, or more grades of waste paper.
- the waste paper which optionally contains prohibitives, is provided to an apparatus 10 for treating fibrous material as depicted in the Figures and described herein. Any of the grades of waste paper may be provided to the fiber separator 12 to break the waste paper down to a recycled pulp. The recycled pulp is then optionally transferred to the de-liquefier 14 to remove liquid.
- the de-liquefied material may be transferred to containers for shipping to a different location, e.g., to a paper mill.
- the process of the apparatus 10 includes a fiber separator 12 , a fiber cleaning system 30 and de-liquefier 14 .
- the waste paper is run to the pulper 22 on conveyor 44 and mixed with water to between about 7 wt. % and 15 wt. % consistency and pulped for up to 45 minutes.
- the pulp is then diluted with water, filtered and moved to chest 34 .
- the fiber is then pumped through the cleaning system 30 and on to chest 34 .
- the resulting pulp is then put through the de-liquefier 14 .
- waste paper and/or waste material that is used in the methods, systems and apparatus of the invention can be obtained from any source known in the art.
- the waste paper and/or waste material is obtained from a material recovery facility (MRF).
- MRF generally serves as a drop-off and gross-sorting (and limited processing) point for recycled materials.
- Recyclable materials generally enter a MRF either in a single stream or dual stream.
- a single stream consists of a mixture of glass, plastics, and/or metals, and the waste paper described herein.
- a dual stream MRF consists of a commingled container stream and a separate waste paper and/or waste material stream.
- the apparatus used to produce the recycled pulp of the invention can be at the same location (e.g., in the same building or adjacent building) as the MRF in order to eliminate the costs associated with transporting the waste paper/waste material to the facility to be converted into recycled pulp.
- the MRF provides an excellent source of waste material/waste paper for the apparatus, systems and methods of the invention.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority under § 119 to U.S. Application. No. 60/524,620 filed Nov. 25, 2003, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
- The invention provides methods and apparatus for using waste paper to produce recycled pulp that can be used by the paper industry. The recycled pulp produced by the methods and apparatus of the invention can optionally be mixed with virgin pulp to produce paper or paper-products.
- Various processes for recovering fibers from waste paper, such as paperboard food cartons and packages, office waste paper, magazines and newspapers, have been proposed. Typically, these recycling processes involve treating the waste paper in a hydrapulping machine where the fibers are separated by the agitation of the water, and caustic soda or similar reagents are used to break down the integrity of the waste paper. These processes produce a stream of separated fibers which may be passed through various screening devices to remove prohibitives, and the resulting slurry containing the fibers may pass through a de-inking process. After appropriate treatment, the slurry of fibers passes through a de-watering stage, so that the recovered fibers are collected in an essentially dry state and packed in bales for subsequent use in making paper. There remains a need in the art for new and improved methods and apparatus for recycling waste paper to produce fibers that can be used in the paper industry. The invention is directed to this, as well as other, important ends.
- The invention provides methods and apparatus to produce recycled pulp that can be sold or traded to paper mills. The recycled pulp of the invention can be stored and/or transported in containers and can be delivered to paper mills by any conventional method, e.g., truck, train, ship, and the like. Unlike methods whereby dry bales of recycled fibers are sold or traded to paper mills which then re-pulp the dry bales of recycled fibers, the invention provides recycled pulp (i.e., fibers in liquid) which is in a form that can be easily and readily used by paper mills. The methods and apparatus of the invention eliminate the steps of (i) producing a dry bale of recycled fibers, and (ii) re-pulping the dry bale of recycled fibers. The invention produces recycled pulp that can be immediately used by the paper industry, either alone or in combination with virgin pulp, to produce paper and/or paper products. These and other aspects of the invention are described in more detail below.
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system or apparatus according to the invention. -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system or apparatus according to the invention. -
FIG. 3 is a detail of a fiber separator of the systems or apparatuses ofFIGS. 1 and 2 . -
FIG. 4 is a detail of a de-liquefier of the systems or apparatuses ofFIGS. 1 and 2 . -
FIG. 5 is a detail of a fiber cleaning system that may be added to the systems or apparatuses ofFIGS. 1 and 2 . -
FIG. 6 is a detail of, among other things, a fiber separator, and a de-liquefier of a system or apparatus according to the invention. - The invention provides methods and apparatus for using waste paper to produce recycled pulp that can be used by the paper industry. The recycled pulp produced by the methods and apparatus of the invention can optionally be mixed with virgin pulp to produce paper and/or paper products.
- “Pulp” refers to fibers in liquid (e.g., water). The fibers can be in a liquid slurry, liquid suspension, or the like.
- “Fibers” includes wood-based cellulosic fibers, nonwood-based cellulosic fibers, natural textile fibers, man-made fibers, or a mixture of two or more thereof. The term “fibers” includes natural and man-made fibers that are capable of entrapping or entraining air within their structure, such as rockwool, cellulosic fibers, glass fibers and the like.
- “Cellulosic pulp” refers to wood-based cellulosic fibers and/or nonwood-based cellulosic fibers.
- “Virgin pulp” refers to pulp obtained directly from trees.
- “Recycled pulp” refers to pulp produced from waste paper. “Relatively pure recycled pulp” refers to pulp that contains cellulosic pulp in an amount of about 50% or more; 60% or more; 70% or more; or 80% or more. In another embodiment, “relatively pure recycled pulp” refers to pulp that contains cellulosic pulp in an amount of about 50% to about 99%; about 60% to about 99%; about 70% to about 99%; about 80% to about 99%, or an amount of about 90% to about 99%.
- The recycled pulp produced by the methods, systems and apparatus of the invention is in a form that can be directly used for further processing by a paper mill without having to be re-pulped. In one embodiment, the recycled pulp has a solids content, for example, between about 1 wt % and about 85 wt %. In the embodiment of the invention that does not use a de-liquefier (as described herein), the recycled pulp can have a solids content between about 1 wt % and about 25 wt %; between about 1 wt % and about 20 wt %; or between about 5 wt % and about 15 wt %. In the embodiment of the invention that uses a de-liquefier (as described herein), the recycled pulp can have a solids content between about 30 wt % and about 85 wt %; between about 30 wt % and about 75 wt %; or between about 45 wt % and about 70 wt %. Because the recycled pulp of the invention is not dried, it can be immediately used by the paper mills without having to be re-pulped. Alternatively, it can be stored and used at a later date by the paper mills without having to be re-pulped.
- “Prohibitives” include any material which, in excess of the amount allowed, would make the waste paper unusable as the grade specified or any materials that may be damaging to the equipment that processes the waste paper. Scrap Specifications Circular 2003,
page 22, Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc. (2003). - “Outthrow” is all papers that are manufactured or treated or are in such a form as to be unsuitable for consumption as the grade specified. Scrap Specifications Circular 2003,
page 22, Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc. (2003). - “Waste paper” refers to and includes any grade of waste paper known in the art. Any grade of waste paper known in the art, including those described herein, can be used in the methods, systems and apparatus of the invention to produce recycled pulp. An unexpected advantage of the invention is that any grade, including low quality grades, of waste paper can be used as a starting material. The four broad classes of waste paper are (1) pulp substitutes, (2) de-inking grades, (3) brown kraft grades and (4) mixed waste paper.
- Pulp substitutes are generally substitutes for chemical pulps. Chemical pulps are pulp produced by chemical treatments. The quality of pulp substitutes is most similar to that of virgin fiber, so their price is also related to virgin fiber (e.g., converting and printing trimmings; guillotine shavings (mechanical and wood free separately); tinteds (suitable for bleaching); and lightly printed waste paper (e.g.: ledger, ruled book trimmings). Polycoated board (e.g.: plastic coated liquid packaging board cartons, footboard, paper plate and cup board) also produces a good quality pulp, but requires separate initial repulping treatment.
- Brown kraft grades include, for example, corrugated plant waste; old corrugated containers; KLS (kraft lined strawboard is waste-based old corrugated container having more than 33 wt % kraft linerboard); used kraft sacks; and converting waste. This waste paper is used mainly for test linerboard and fluting. Old corrugated container bleaching is used for fine papers.
- Mixed waste paper is the cheapest and lowest quality waste paper. Traditionally, this has been the balance, after taking out household waste paper and other grades that are easy to sort. Mixed waste paper has been used for chipboard and gray back folding boxboard.
- There has been a continuing degradation in the quality of old newsprint marketed in the United States. Old newsprint is usually graded as #6 or #8. The methods and apparatus of the invention are able to process mixed waste paper, including old newsprint.
- Household waste is commanding attention as the last major vein of waste paper to be mined. Called residential mixed paper, the U.S. recovery rate of the approximately 9 mullion tons per year is only about 20%. The collection system used determines the quality of the resulting waste paper. When old newsprint is collected separately in the United States, the resulting waste paper composition is approximately 30% carton board/SBS packaging; 30% white grades and mail; 25% mechanical fiber (news/magazine/coated and uncoated); and 15% brown kraft (bag and old corrugated containers). This waste paper may be a substitute for medium quality OCC, with the lower price offsetting the lower yield.
- Specific grades of waste paper, as defined by Scrap Specifications Circular 2003, pages 22-25, Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc., that can be used as the starting material to produce the recycled pulp of the invention include: (1) soft mixed paper; (2) mixed paper; (4) boxboard cuttings; (5) mill wrappers; (6) news; (7) news, de-inking quality; (8) specialty news de-inking quality; (9) over-issue news; (10) magazines; (11) corrugated containers; (12) double sorted corrugated; (13) new double-line kraft corrugated cuttings; (15) used brown kraft; (16) mixed kraft cuttings; (17) carrier stock; (18) new colored kraft; (19) grocery bag scrap; (20) kraft multi-wall bag scrap; (21) new brown kraft envelope cuttings; (22) mixed groundwood shavings; (23) telephone directories; (24) white blank news; (25) groundwood computer printout; (26) publication blanks; (27) flyleaf shavings; (28) coated soft white shavings; (30) hard white shavings; (31) hard white envelope cuttings; (33) new colored envelope cuttings; (35) semi-bleached cuttings; (37) sorted office paper; (39) manifold colored ledger; (40) sorted white ledger; (41) manifold white ledger; (42) computer printout; (43) coated book stock; (44) coated groundwood sections; (45) printed bleached board cuttings; (46) misprinted bleached board; (47) unprinted bleached board; (48) #1 bleached cup stock; (49) #2 printed bleached cup stock; (50) unprinted bleached plate stock; and (51) printed bleached plate stock. Each grade has specifications on prohibitives and outthrow.
- Bagasse is an alternative or additional starting material that can be used in the methods, systems and apparatus of the invention to make recycled pulp. Bagasse is the cellulosic fiber separated from the non-fibrous component of plants, such as sugar from sugar beets or sugar cane and natural rubber from rubber plants. In the case of sugar cane, bagasse is available in a bagasse belt around the world parallel to the equator, which extends from Spain in the North to South Africa and Australia in the South. Usually, the sugar cane harvesting campaign lasts 4-9 months, which means most pulp mills must carry large stocks of bagasse. Normally, the bagasse is burned in the sugar mill's boilers to provide its steam and power requirements. Substitution of an alternative fuel frees up the bagasse for a pulp mill, but prices the bagasse at the fuel-equivalent price. Before pulping, the earth and dirt are washed off, and any magnetic materials removed. Bagasse can be used in a wide range of paper grades, including coated papers. The following table shows some typical levels, which would also apply approximately to other non-wood pulps, with similar properties (e.g.: fiber length).
Bagasse Pulp Grade Paper Grade % Bagasse Bleached mechanical, Newsprint 75-80 chemimechanical, or Mechanical printing papers 50 thermomechanical pulp: Tissue 50 High yield unbleached Corrugating medium 75-100 semichemical pulp: Unbleached chemical pulp: Multiwall sack, extensible 40 Kraft linerboard 40-60 Wrapping paper (B grade) 50-75 Fruit wrap and tissue 60-90 Glassline and greaseproof 50-90 Bleached chemical pulp: Printing and writing papers 80-100 White-lined chipboard, top liner 50 Footboard and Bristol board 65-75 Fruit wrap and tissue 60-90 Glassline and greaseproof 50-90 Newsprint 35-50 - It has been unexpectedly discovered that the methods and apparatus of the invention can be used to process any grade of waste paper, including law quality grades of waste paper, such as old newsprint and mixed waste paper. The waste paper used in the methods and apparatus of the invention can be a single grade or can be a combination/mixture of two, three, four, five, six, seven or more different grades of waste paper.
- In
FIG. 1 , anapparatus 10 for converting waste material into recycled pulp is shown. Theapparatus 10 comprises at least onefiber separator 12 and, optionally, at least onewaste liquid treater 42 in communication with thefiber separator 12. Thefiber separator 12 is preferably a liquid-based fiber separator, such as an aqueous based fiber separator. Theapparatus 10 can optionally comprise at least onejunk trap 15 and/or at least oneragger 16 for removing prohibitives. - In
FIG. 2 , theapparatus 10 comprises at least onefiber separator 12, at least onede-liquefier 14, and, optionally, at least onewaste liquid treater 42 in communication with thefiber separator 12 and/or the de-liquefier 14. The de-liquefier 14 is located downstream from thefiber separator 12 and the de-liquefier 14 is for removing liquid from the recycled pulp. Thefiber separator 12 may be a liquid-based fiber separator, such as an aqueous based fiber separator. Theapparatus 10 can optionally comprise at least one junk trap (not shown) and/or at least one ragger (not shown) for removing prohibitives. - The
fiber separator 12 can comprise one or more batch pulpers and/or continuous pulpers, which are known in the paper making art. Exemplary conventional fiber pulpers include TA series pulpers (available from Allimand); Aquabrusher (available from APMEW or Bellmer); Grubbens pulper (available from Cellwood or Corner); Barracuda pulper (available from GL&V); Shark pulper (available from GL&V); HDK Channel pulper (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); HD Vertical pulper (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); Preflo pulper (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); Delta pulper (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamont, Aikawa); Hydrapulper pulper (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamont, Aikawa); St series pulpers (available from Voith Paper); and Unipulper pulpers (available from Voith Paper). - While it is preferable to remove the more fragile prohibitives intact, batch pulping may be used together with a helical low attrition rotor (resembling an inflated corkscrew) to minimize prohibitive breakdown. Examples of such equipment include Bi Pulper (available from A. Celli and Corner); Tri Dyne (available from GL&V); CHD (Continuous High Density pulper system with screen for accepts); SMG Pulper (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); and Helico pulper and Hi Con pulper (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamont). U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,259, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, is related to a Hi-Con pulper, available from Thermo Black Clawson.
- The removal of large prohibitives from waste paper may be achieved by subsystems around the
fiber separator 12, such as ajunk trap 15. The junk trap can be used to remove prohibitives (e.g., stones, metal, and other heavy materials) that can sink into this dead area of the pulper, between two valves, and is automatically purged at desired time intervals. A Privet Double Dumper™ is an example of such a junk trap. - A
ragger 16 is also useful for removing prohibitives (e.g., baling wire, rags, plastic strips, string, and the like). The prohibitives entangle each other and may be withdrawn from thefiber separator 12 as an endless ragger rope by the capstan-like ragger 16. An example of such equipment includes the Valmet ragger (available from Metso Paper/Fiber). The rope may be periodically cut by the ragger rope cutter to facilitate its disposal. An example of such equipment includes the Valmet tail cutter (available from Metso Paper/Fiber), Broken ragger tails, weighing up to 3 tons, can be retrieved from thefiber separator 12 without emptying it. An example of equipment useful for such operations includes the Ragger tail grabber (available from Neilsen & Hiebert Systems). - Drum pulpers provide an alternative approach to the conventional pulper. Characteristics of drum pulpers include continuous operation, minimum degradation of fibers and prohibitives, and low power consumption (e.g., energy conservation). Examples of equipment useful for such an operation include the Fibreflow Drum pulper (available from Andntz-Ahlstrom) and the Horizontal Drum-Soaking-Mixing-Screening System (available from Finckh).
- In other embodiments of the invention, the
fiber separator 12 can include a secondary pulper downstream from the primary pulper. The secondary pulper will complement the primary pulper's ability to take out large prohibitives by removing high and low density prohibitives, while also deflaking undisintegrated flakes of paper. The secondary pulper may be either batch or continuous, and models are available for both batch and continuous primary pulpers. Examples of secondary pulpers include Selector and Selepump pulpers (available from A. Celli); Epurex (available from Corner), ESC series (available from Corner), Turboremover pulpers (available from Corner); RejectsMaster pulper (available from Finckh); BeiPurge pulper (available from GL&V); Tamtrap TTP pulper (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); Dumping Poire (batch)+Helico pulper=Helipoire System, Poire Pulper (continuous), Hydra Impactor, Hydrapurge (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Larrnort); and Contaminex, Fiberizer, and Turboseparator (available from Voith Paper). - In other embodiments, the
fiber separator 12 of the invention can include other equipment such as, for example, a fiber classifier, a dispersion system, a kneading system, and the like. Examples of dispersion systems include Krima (available from Cellwood, Corner and FMW), Diskperser (available from GL&V), Micar Processor, Diva (based on Conflo+HiPreheater fluffer/steam mixer (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); Frotapulper (available from MoDoMekan), Triturator/Kneading Disperser (available from Thenno Black Clawson, Lamort); Disperger (available from Voith Paper). Examples of kneading systems include MDR Kneader (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom), Ultra Twin Flyte (available from Thermo Black Clawson), Kneading Disperger (available from Voith Paper). - As shown in
FIG. 4 , the de-liquefier 14 may include any of the many types of equipment used for thickening, washing, and/or separation. For example, the de-liquefier 14 may include athickener 25 for increasing the solids content of the recycled pulp that comes out of the liquid-based fiber separator 1. - The liquid removed by the de-liquefier 14 may be called filtrate or pressate (e.g., when from a press). The solid material from a filter may be called filter cake. A belt filter press can perform this function. Exemplary belt filter presses include Double Wire Press (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom); BDP (available from Baker Process); Turbodrain (1 wire), Winkelpress (2 wires), and Cascade S {both types in series) (available from Bellmer and Corner); HC Press, Gap Washer, and TwinWire (with Paraformer headbox) (available from Metso Paper/Fiber and Phoenix Process Equipment); Salter Belt Press (available from Salter); DNT Washer (available from Thermo Black Clawson); Vario Split (available from Voith Paper); and Osprey (available from William Jones, London).
- The de-liquefier 14 may include a
screw press 40 the may have either a single screw (e.g., Brown Stock Washing) or double screw {e.g., two counter rotating intermeshed screws). Examples of screw presses include: Andritz/Dupps Screw Press (available from Andritz Ahlstrom); Belpress BP (available from Beltec); Krima Screw Press (available from Cellwood); FKC (available from FKC=Fukoku Kogyo); CHS (available from GL&V/Celleco); and Fibropress (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort). - Other types of equipment that may be included with the de-liquefier 14 include the curved screen for example, Hydra Screen, Hydrasieve, and Micra Screen (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom); Bow Screen and DSM (available from Dutch State Mines and GL&V/Celleco); and Hydrosil (Spirac) and Vertiscreen (available from Thermo Black Clawson); the Decker; Dewatering drum screen {e.g., (available from Corner); AKTROM (available from Kufferath); RE (available from Saltec and Sinclair); Free Drainage Thickener (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort); Screen Drum F type and ZTR.B (available from Voith Paper and Warburton Holder)}; the Disc save all filter {e.g., Discfilter (available from Hydrotech)}; the Disc thickener {e.g., AKSE (available from Kufferath)}; the Gravity decker {e.g., Hooper (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom and Finckh); Drainpac (available from GL&V/Ceileco); Tamdec (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); the Gravity screen {e.g., (available from Nash); Sweco (available from Sweco); and the Gravity Strainer (available from Thermo Fibertek)}; the lamella plate clarifier (inclined plate clarifier, slant plate clarifier) {e.g., Settle Plate Clarifier available from Heuser Apparatebau)}; the Plate and frame press {e.g.,: filtomat MCFM (available from Filtration Ltd) and Omnifilter (available from Voith Paper)}; the Rotary pressure drum filter/washer; the Rotary vacuum drum filter/washer; the Screw thickener {e.g., KW Washing Screen (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom); Krima Screw De waterer (available from Cellwood and Corner); Akusand, Akuscreen (available from Kufferath); Sandsep, Spiropress (available from Spirac), Hydrascreen (there is also a vertical version), and Lamort Baker Water Extractor (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort)}; the Sidehill screen {e.g.,: Kenfil (available from Kent Filtration); the Spraying filter {e.g.,: Spraydisc (available from GL&V/Celleco) and White Water Filter (Sweco)}; the Tubular filter; the Twin roll press; the PreRoll Press; WiRoll Press (available from Metso Paper/Fiber)); and the Vibrating screen.
- The
waste liquid treater 42 included in the system is an optional aspect of the invention and may be beneficial in allowing the reuse of the liquid in the processing of the waste paper and waste materials of the invention. - In another embodiment shown in
FIG. 3 , the liquid-basedfiber separator 12 may include aconveyor 44 for providing the waste paper to thepulper 22. Also shown inFIG. 3 is that thefiber separator 12 may include asurge tank 34 for accumulating sufficient quantities of pulp and liquid to support pseudo continuous processes downstream. One skilled in the art will recognize that those types ofconveyors 44 are commonly used to feed waste paper to thepulper 22. To that end, thefiber separator 12 of the invention may include one ormore conveyers 44. The conveyer includes a steel slat type conveyor (or apron conveyor) for baled and loose waste paper; a chain belt type conveyor for loose waste paper, where the rubber belt is driven by a chain; and a sliding belt type conveyor for dewired bales and loose waste paper, where the belt (with a low friction underside) may be supported by a steel trough. Although not shown, bale wire may be removed automatically (dewiring) and compacted using equipment such as: Wire Wizard (available from Advanced Dynamics, B+G Fordertechnik, and FMW); Wirewolf (available from Lamb and Metrans); and Wiremaster (available from Neilsen & Hiebert Systems and Suntib). - In another embodiment, further aspects of the invention relating to a
fiber cleaning system 30 are represented inFIG. 5 . Thefiber cleaning system 30 may include, for example, ascreen 32,conical cleaners 36, a washer orwashers 37, and asurge tank 34. - A
screen 32 may be used in thecleaning system 30 to remove prohibitives. Common principles apply to the variety of useable screens. In each case, the actual equipment used is that appropriate for the fiber material and prohibitives present. A pressure screen is one type ofscreen 32. Examples of such a screen include: pressure screens (available from A. Celli, Fiedler, Finckh; BelWave (available from GL&V); Nimega (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); Cobra, Lehman, and ThermoTek (available from Thenno Black Clawson, Lamort); and C Bar (Voith Paper). - Screening is commonly divided into coarse, intermediate and fine. Coarse screening may use screen hole diameters usually ranging between about 0.5-2.5 mm (between about 20-100 thousands), but going up to about 10 mm at a “high consistency” feed of between about 2 wt. % and 5 wt. %. If following a pulper extraction plate orifice diameter of between about 3 or 6 mm, hole size may be reduced to about 1 mm. Intermediate screening uses screen slot widths usually ranging between about 0.25-0.65 mm (between about 10-26 thousands) at a “high consistency” feed of between about 2.5 wt. % and 5 wt. %. Fine screening uses screen slot widths usually ranging between about 0.08-0.25 mm (between about 3.2-10 thousands) at a “low consistency” feed of between about 1 wt. % and 3 wt. %. One, two or three separate screenings may be used, depending on the application. The above distinction becomes blurred when considering the pulper extraction plate (sometimes with a screen following it) as coarse screening and placing coarse and fine screen stages in one pressure screen body. Examples of other usable screens include: Ahlsorter, Hooper, MODUScreen C, H, and F (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom); Cyberscreen, PV Screen, Selectifier and Ultra Screen (available from Corner); C.H. Horizontal Screen, Diabolo, and Hico Screen N (available from Finckh); Alfascreen, CellecoScreen (both horizontal), Hi-Q, S Screen (GL&V), Key Screen (Maule), DeltaScreen, MiniDelta Screen, TAP Screen, TAS Screen, and TL series (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); SP Screen series and Ultra-V (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamont); and Centriscreen, EcoScreen, Minisorter, MultiSorter, Omniscreen, Omnisorter and Spectro Screen (available from Voith Paper).
- Some pressure screen bodies have two screens (e.g.: concentric baskets), so that both slots and holes may be used together. The stock may also be deflaked in the screen. Examples of such screens include DeltaDouble (Metso Paper/Fiber), ADS Screen (DS=double separation, Then no Black Clawson, Lamort), Low Pulse Screen, LPD (Voith Paper). The MUST screen (Multistage, Metso Paper/Fiber) can have a horizontal prescreen (typically 3 mm diameter holes) and up to 3-wedge wire slotted screen stages (0.08-0.45 mm).
- A showering screen is a recent device intended to wash good fiber out of the final rejects. It resembles a pressure screen (with a basket), but also contains showers that separate good fiber while the rotor does some deflaking. The yield of recycled pulp is thus improved (up to 50% of rejects can be good fiber), and the quantity for landfill reduced. Examples of its use in waste paper systems include after the pulper and HD cleaner in the place of multistage coarse screening and when multistage screening is required, as a tailings screen for the final stage screen rejects.
- The four main alternative hook ups for pressure screens include cascade, forward flow, partial cascade, and A-B configuration. Variations exist according to the number of stages, position in the process, equipment (e.g.: in parallel), experience, and the like. Cascade has traditionally been used most commonly. Accepts from the first (primary) stage continue downstream, and its rejects are fed to the 2nd (secondary) stage. Accepts from the 2nd stage are returned to the feed of the first (primary) stage, while its rejects go to the 3rd (tertiary) stage. Rejects from the last stage go to a tailings screen.
- In forward flow, smaller orifices are present in the 2nd (secondary) stage screens and 3rd (tertiary) stage screens (relative to the first (primary) stage), and to send all their accepts downstream (i.e., forward), rather than sending them back to the elative to the first (primary) stage. This results in fewer prohibitives being recirculated, but the prohibitives content of the main stock flow may be higher.
- Partial cascade is similar to forward flow, except that accepts from the 3rd (tertiary) stage screen are screened again in the 2nd (secondary) stage screen instead of joining the main stock flow.
- In A-B configuration, two similar screens are employed in series for mechanical pulp screening and sometimes fine screening. The additional unit may give greater cleanliness relative to forward flow.
- The
conical cleaners 36 may include one or more hydrocyclones. One skilled in the art will recognize that hydrocyclone (hydroclone) is the generic name for equipment that uses centrifugal force, and other hydrodynamic forces, produced by pumping into a cyclone for insoluble solids separation. The cyclone geometry provides decreasing (cross-sectional) diameter. For the solids, this means increasing acceleration, due to the increasing G force, i.e., acceleration measured relative to the acceleration of free fall due to gravity, 9.81 m/s2, and increasing Prohibitive/fiber separation efficiency. Banks (e.g., rows) of the numerous individual cleaners may be combined in a variety of orientations (a circle, rows, etc.) so as to share common feed and discharge chambers. Examples of such a variety of orientations include: Spirelpak (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort) and Tripac 90 (available from GL&V/Celleco). - The
conical cleaners 36 may include one or more of a forward flow (conventional) cleaner; a high density cleaner, a reverse cleaner, a through flow cleaner, core bleed cleaner, an asymmetrical cleaner and a rotating body cleaner. A conventional centrifugal cleaner (CC, centricleaner, forward flow cleaner, free vortex cleaner) is approximately the shape of a narrow cyclone (i.e., an inverted cone), with the stock entering at a tangent in the top. A whirlpool like vortex is formed, so that high density prohibitives move to the bottom of the cone from where they are rejected. The accepted stock goes to the top of the cone from where it passes upstream. Examples of forward flow (conventional) cleaners include: Ahlcleaner RB series, Centri Cleaner, and TC series (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom, Corner and Fiedler); Albia T, Cleanpac 270 to 1500 series, Elast 0 Cone, Posiflow and TW series (available from GL&V); CT series, Hydraclone, ELP series and Ultra Clone (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort); and Cyclean, and KS series (available from Voith Paper and Wilbanks). Up to about 5 stages of cleaners may be used, depending on the cleanliness required. - A high density cleaner (HD cleaner) is a urge diameter forward flow cleaner operating between the ranges of about 2% and 6% consistency. It is located close to the pulper when using lower grade waste paper furnishes and removes high density prohibitives. An elutriation section helps to separate fiber from rejects. The latter are removed from the rejects chamber either manually (via the door) or automatically (by 2 timed valves). Examples of high density cleaner {HD cleaner) include: (that available from A. Celli); Ahlcleaner RB 300HD (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom); Cleantrap, Grubbens High Density Cleaner (available from Cellwood), (Corner); Albia TFRB, Combitrap (available from GL&V); HC Cleaner (available from Metso Paper/Fiber); HD Cyclone, Liquid Cyclone, Low Profile Cyclone and Ruffclone (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort, Aikawa); DIC, D2C, and High-Consistency Purifier S series and T series (available from Voith Paper).
- In a reverse cleaner, the normal accepts and rejects exit points are reversed. Good low-density prohibitives removal may be achieved. About 50% of the flow (and proportionally more of the fiber) may be rejected. The accepts flow may be thickened by a factor of up to about 2.5. Examples of reverse cleaners include: Cleanpac 2708, Cleanpac RT (reverse, thickening), Tripac 90 Reverse (available from GL&V/Celleco); Contra-Clone, CT series, and Xtreme, (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort); and KS series (available from Voith Paper).
- In a through flow cleaner (flow through, parallel flow), both the rejects and accepts come out at the same end. It removes low density prohibitives together with air. Rejects are about 10% of the feed flow. Examples of through flow cleaners (flow through, parallel flow) include: Cleanpac 250 LWR and UniFlow (available from GL&V); XX-Clone (available from Thermo Black Clawson); and Coreclean (available from Voith Paper).
- The core bleed cleaner has the configuration of a forward flow cleaner, but with the addition of a central bleed for low density prohibitives (plus deaeration) from the accepts stream. Each rejects stream equals about 10% of the feed flow. Examples of core bleed cleaners include: Ahlcleaner SC 133 (available from Andritz-Ahlstrom); Albia TDLR, Cleanpac 350 Combi, and Cleanpac 700 LD (available from GL&V); and KS/E series (available from Voith Paper).
- The asymmetrical cleaner is essentially a forward flow cleaner, but with one straight side and, the other side converging on it. This departure from symmetry about a central axis provides, among its benefits, the ability to manipulate (and remove) particles according to their position within the cleaner strata (e.g., levels). The asymmetrical cleaner takes two different forms: those resembling the Cleanpac 270 SR (Step Release having steps in the converging side plus a constricted cone end removed available from GL&V/Celleco) and those resembling the Cleanpac 270 HyS (having increases in the feed and accepts pressure available from GL&V/Celleco).
- The rotating body cleaner differs from the others in that a horizontal cylinder (e.g., 500 mm diameter) rotates at 1,300-1,500 rev/min, thus exerting a greater centrifugal force of about 700 G over a longer retention time, to give good low-density prohibitive removal efficiency. An example of a rotating body cleaner includes the Gyroclean (available from Thermo Black Clawson, Lamort). Gyrocleans may be efficient stickies separators.
- An elutriation section may be added to the last stage of a
conical cleaner 36 to reduce the rejects' fiber content and liquid consumption. This may be achieved by injecting liquid, which pushes good fiber back into the system for subsequent separation. The elutriation section may include valves to periodically discharge the rejects. Examples of elutriation sections include: Albia WFRC (water and fiber recovery control), FRB, RCC, and Fibermizer FMZ (available from GL&V) and Rejectomat (available from Voith Paper). - Another embodiment of the invention is represented by reference to
FIG. 6 which shows thefiber separator 12,fiber cleaning system 30, and de-liquefier 14 combined in a manner that is beneficial for production of recycled pulp according to the invention. - In other embodiments of the invention, the apparatus can optionally further comprise a means for de-inking the waste paper and/or recycled pulp. De-inking is the process of removing ink and other contaminants from waste paper De-inking means are known in the art and described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,576,083, 6,544,383, 6,426,200, 6,217,706, and the like. In one embodiment, the de-inking means can be flotation de-inking. In another embodiment, the de-inking means can be a combined flotation/wash de-inking process. In another embodiment, the de-inking means can be an enzymatic de-inking means.
- In other embodiments of the invention, the apparatus of the invention can optionally further comprise a means for bleaching the waste paper and/or recycled pulp. Bleaching means are well known in the art and described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,569,284, 6,533,896, 5,989,388, and the like. Bleaching is generally accomplished with ozone, hydrogen peroxide and/or chlorine.
- In operation, the starting material for the methods and apparatus of the invention is one grade of waste paper or is a mixture/combination of two, three, four, five, six, seven, or more grades of waste paper. The waste paper, which optionally contains prohibitives, is provided to an
apparatus 10 for treating fibrous material as depicted in the Figures and described herein. Any of the grades of waste paper may be provided to thefiber separator 12 to break the waste paper down to a recycled pulp. The recycled pulp is then optionally transferred to the de-liquefier 14 to remove liquid. The de-liquefied material may be transferred to containers for shipping to a different location, e.g., to a paper mill. - In one embodiment of the invention shown in
FIG. 6 , the process of theapparatus 10 includes afiber separator 12, afiber cleaning system 30 andde-liquefier 14. In the liquid-basedfiber separator 12, the waste paper is run to thepulper 22 onconveyor 44 and mixed with water to between about 7 wt. % and 15 wt. % consistency and pulped for up to 45 minutes. The pulp is then diluted with water, filtered and moved tochest 34. The fiber is then pumped through thecleaning system 30 and on tochest 34. The resulting pulp is then put through the de-liquefier 14. - The waste paper and/or waste material (e.g., waste paper and prohibitives) that is used in the methods, systems and apparatus of the invention can be obtained from any source known in the art. In one embodiment, the waste paper and/or waste material is obtained from a material recovery facility (MRF). A MRF generally serves as a drop-off and gross-sorting (and limited processing) point for recycled materials. Recyclable materials generally enter a MRF either in a single stream or dual stream. A single stream consists of a mixture of glass, plastics, and/or metals, and the waste paper described herein. A dual stream MRF consists of a commingled container stream and a separate waste paper and/or waste material stream. While traditional MRFs typically utilize a dual stream configuration, the desire to reduce labor and other operational costs has been an impetus behind the trend toward single stream MRFs. In one embodiment of the invention, the apparatus used to produce the recycled pulp of the invention can be at the same location (e.g., in the same building or adjacent building) as the MRF in order to eliminate the costs associated with transporting the waste paper/waste material to the facility to be converted into recycled pulp. The MRF provides an excellent source of waste material/waste paper for the apparatus, systems and methods of the invention.
- Various modifications of the invention, in addition to those described herein, will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/991,854 US20050115690A1 (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2004-11-19 | Methods for producing recycled pulp from waste paper |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US52462003P | 2003-11-25 | 2003-11-25 | |
US10/991,854 US20050115690A1 (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2004-11-19 | Methods for producing recycled pulp from waste paper |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050115690A1 true US20050115690A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
Family
ID=34623203
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/991,854 Abandoned US20050115690A1 (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2004-11-19 | Methods for producing recycled pulp from waste paper |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050115690A1 (en) |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040188480A1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2004-09-30 | Carl-Olof Palm | Method of separating colouring agents, particularly printing ink, from recycled fibre material |
US20050258079A1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-11-24 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Pressurized screen for screening a fibrous suspension and use thereof |
US20060011314A1 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-01-19 | Erwin Hertl | Process for pulping waste paper containing impurities |
US20080035291A1 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-02-14 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Infrared-Absorbing Ticket Stock and Method of Making Same |
US7488130B2 (en) | 2007-02-01 | 2009-02-10 | Sanford, L.P. | Seal assembly for retractable instrument |
US20100275507A1 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2010-11-04 | Bioecon International Holding N.V. | Stable suspensions of biomass comprising inorganic particulates |
US7850382B2 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2010-12-14 | Sanford, L.P. | Valve made from two materials and writing utensil with retractable tip incorporating same |
US20100317053A1 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-16 | Andritz Inc. | Process machinery for feeding pre-treated lignocellulosic materials into bioreactors for bio-fuels and biochemicals |
US8221012B2 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2012-07-17 | Sanford, L.P. | Retractable instruments comprising a one-piece valve door actuating assembly |
US8226312B2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2012-07-24 | Sanford, L.P. | Valve door having a force directing component and retractable instruments comprising same |
US8393814B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2013-03-12 | Sanford, L.P. | Retractable instrument having a two stage protraction/retraction sequence |
WO2014028041A1 (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-20 | Ross Sona | Closed- loop recycling process |
US20140352902A1 (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2014-12-04 | Aerocycle Gmbh | Method for preparing waste paper |
WO2016110836A1 (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2016-07-14 | Hadera Paper Ltd. | Method and system for recycling papers |
US10421848B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2019-09-24 | Smart Planet Technologies, Inc. | Repulpable and recyclable composite packaging articles and related methods |
CN110656528A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-07 | 玖龙纸业(东莞)有限公司 | Treatment system and treatment method for recycling deinking pulp residues |
CN112391866A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-23 | 桂林奇峰纸业有限公司 | Method for producing food packaging paper by using bagasse pulp |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3245868A (en) * | 1963-09-06 | 1966-04-12 | Black Clawson Co | Continuous process for the recovery of paper broke containing a wet strength resin |
US4129259A (en) * | 1977-09-15 | 1978-12-12 | The Black Clawson Company | Apparatus for pulping waste paper materials |
US5989388A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1999-11-23 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Method for ozone bleaching of high consistency pulp in two stages |
US6127706A (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 2000-10-03 | Texas Instruments - Acer Incorporated | Trench-free buried contact for SRAM devices |
US6426200B1 (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 2002-07-30 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Methods for enzymatic deinking of waste paper |
US6428654B1 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2002-08-06 | Hercules Incorporated | Fungicidal method |
US6533896B1 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2003-03-18 | Metso Chemical Pulping Oy | Method for the production of precleaned pulp |
US6544383B2 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2003-04-08 | Kao Specialties Americas | Flotation deinking process |
US6569284B1 (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 2003-05-27 | International Paper Company | Elemental-chlorine-free bleaching process having an initial Eo or Eop stage |
US6576083B2 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2003-06-10 | Novozymes A/S | Deinking of waste paper |
-
2004
- 2004-11-19 US US10/991,854 patent/US20050115690A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3245868A (en) * | 1963-09-06 | 1966-04-12 | Black Clawson Co | Continuous process for the recovery of paper broke containing a wet strength resin |
US4129259A (en) * | 1977-09-15 | 1978-12-12 | The Black Clawson Company | Apparatus for pulping waste paper materials |
US5989388A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1999-11-23 | Union Camp Patent Holding, Inc. | Method for ozone bleaching of high consistency pulp in two stages |
US6426200B1 (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 2002-07-30 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Methods for enzymatic deinking of waste paper |
US6569284B1 (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 2003-05-27 | International Paper Company | Elemental-chlorine-free bleaching process having an initial Eo or Eop stage |
US6533896B1 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2003-03-18 | Metso Chemical Pulping Oy | Method for the production of precleaned pulp |
US6127706A (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 2000-10-03 | Texas Instruments - Acer Incorporated | Trench-free buried contact for SRAM devices |
US6428654B1 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2002-08-06 | Hercules Incorporated | Fungicidal method |
US6544383B2 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2003-04-08 | Kao Specialties Americas | Flotation deinking process |
US6576083B2 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2003-06-10 | Novozymes A/S | Deinking of waste paper |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040188480A1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2004-09-30 | Carl-Olof Palm | Method of separating colouring agents, particularly printing ink, from recycled fibre material |
US20050258079A1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-11-24 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Pressurized screen for screening a fibrous suspension and use thereof |
US20060011314A1 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-01-19 | Erwin Hertl | Process for pulping waste paper containing impurities |
US20080035291A1 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-02-14 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Infrared-Absorbing Ticket Stock and Method of Making Same |
US8715377B2 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2014-05-06 | Kior, Inc. | Stable suspensions of biomass comprising inorganic particulates |
US20100275507A1 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2010-11-04 | Bioecon International Holding N.V. | Stable suspensions of biomass comprising inorganic particulates |
US8246265B2 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2012-08-21 | Sanford, L.P. | Valve made from two materials and writing utensil with retractable tip incorporating same |
US7850382B2 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2010-12-14 | Sanford, L.P. | Valve made from two materials and writing utensil with retractable tip incorporating same |
US7775734B2 (en) | 2007-02-01 | 2010-08-17 | Sanford L.P. | Seal assembly for retractable instrument |
US7488130B2 (en) | 2007-02-01 | 2009-02-10 | Sanford, L.P. | Seal assembly for retractable instrument |
US8226312B2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2012-07-24 | Sanford, L.P. | Valve door having a force directing component and retractable instruments comprising same |
US8221012B2 (en) | 2008-11-07 | 2012-07-17 | Sanford, L.P. | Retractable instruments comprising a one-piece valve door actuating assembly |
US8393814B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2013-03-12 | Sanford, L.P. | Retractable instrument having a two stage protraction/retraction sequence |
US8568047B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2013-10-29 | Sanford, L.P. | Retractable instrument having a two stage protraction/retraction sequence |
US20100317053A1 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-16 | Andritz Inc. | Process machinery for feeding pre-treated lignocellulosic materials into bioreactors for bio-fuels and biochemicals |
US20140352902A1 (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2014-12-04 | Aerocycle Gmbh | Method for preparing waste paper |
WO2014028041A1 (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-20 | Ross Sona | Closed- loop recycling process |
US10421848B2 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2019-09-24 | Smart Planet Technologies, Inc. | Repulpable and recyclable composite packaging articles and related methods |
WO2016110836A1 (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2016-07-14 | Hadera Paper Ltd. | Method and system for recycling papers |
CN110656528A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-07 | 玖龙纸业(东莞)有限公司 | Treatment system and treatment method for recycling deinking pulp residues |
CN112391866A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-02-23 | 桂林奇峰纸业有限公司 | Method for producing food packaging paper by using bagasse pulp |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20050115690A1 (en) | Methods for producing recycled pulp from waste paper | |
US3925150A (en) | Selective reclamation of waste paper products | |
EP0805231A2 (en) | A method for preparing paper and a paper product | |
US3873410A (en) | Method and apparatus for recovering paper fibers from waste paper containing materials | |
MXPA05001337A (en) | Method for producing corn stalk pulp and paper products from corn stalk pulp. | |
US7279073B2 (en) | Apparatus for liquid-based fiber separation | |
US3947314A (en) | Method of treating paper fibers in a stationary screen | |
US5453159A (en) | Deinking of recycled pulp | |
US3849245A (en) | Separation of greasy liquids and recovery of paper fiber from municipal refuse | |
Grossmann et al. | Paper recycling | |
US5423993A (en) | Fiber recovery system and process | |
CN111945473A (en) | Production method and production system of high-strength corrugated base paper | |
IE914556A1 (en) | Method for processing waste paper | |
CA1319556C (en) | Secondary fibre recycling process | |
Scott et al. | Fractionation of secondary fiber–A review | |
FI72354C (en) | Process for making improved abrasive pulp. | |
US4891099A (en) | Apparatus for secondary fibre processing | |
US8444807B2 (en) | Method for preparing paper pulp from recycled paper containing contaminants | |
US6322664B1 (en) | Method of processing recycled waste paper by separating fibers of different colors | |
US7163604B2 (en) | Production of fiber suspension from waste paper | |
AU681286B2 (en) | Method for defibering recycled paper | |
EP0631009A1 (en) | Method for the recovery and processing of fibers from hollow stalk plants | |
US20240240404A1 (en) | Unbleached natural brown copier paper and process thereof | |
EP3260596B1 (en) | Deashing system and deashing method | |
US4362600A (en) | Use of polyalkylene oxides for the separation of cellulose fibres |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC., VERMONT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BOHLIG, JAMES W.;REEL/FRAME:016241/0071 Effective date: 20050128 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, DEL Free format text: 2ND LIEN PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:023003/0383 Effective date: 20090709 Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, AS COLLATERAL AGENT,DELA Free format text: 2ND LIEN PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:023003/0383 Effective date: 20090709 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FCR, LLC, VERMONT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:025774/0481 Effective date: 20110125 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC., VERMONT Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:025884/0802 Effective date: 20110301 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT, NEW Free format text: PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:FCR, LLC;REEL/FRAME:025897/0770 Effective date: 20110301 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: RE COMMUNITY HOLDINGS II, INC., VERMONT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FCR, LLC;REEL/FRAME:026332/0365 Effective date: 20110523 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FCR, LLC, NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:027469/0907 Effective date: 20111230 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS, INC., VERMONT Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:029266/0361 Effective date: 20121108 |