US20050093758A1 - Microwave antenna feed with integral bandpass filter - Google Patents
Microwave antenna feed with integral bandpass filter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050093758A1 US20050093758A1 US10/696,116 US69611603A US2005093758A1 US 20050093758 A1 US20050093758 A1 US 20050093758A1 US 69611603 A US69611603 A US 69611603A US 2005093758 A1 US2005093758 A1 US 2005093758A1
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- bandpass filter
- dipole
- antenna feed
- approximately
- feed assembly
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
Definitions
- This invention is generally directed to an antenna feed and, more particularly, to an antenna feed including an integral bandpass filter.
- Antennas are widely used throughout the industrialized world to transmit and receive electromagnetic energy.
- the electromagnetic energy is typically used to carry some sort of signal which can be decoded to result in usable data.
- Examples of the uses of antennas include cellular telephones, television, radio, radar, and numerous other applications.
- An exemplary antenna of the prior art is depicted in FIG. 1 .
- Antenna 100 contains a reflector 102 and a feed 104 .
- the assembly containing reflector 102 and feed 104 is typically supported by some form of stand or structure 106 .
- Antenna 100 operates in the following manner: In receiving mode, reflector 102 reflects electromagnetic waves and directs the electromagnetic waves to feed 104 . In transmission mode, feed 104 transmits an electromagnetic wave that is reflected to the environment via reflector 102 .
- the signal from/to feed 104 passes through a sutiable transmitter/receiver 108 .
- Parabolic reflector 302 performs substantially the same function as reflector 102 of FIG. 1 , i.e., directing electromagnetic waves to and from the correct point.
- Feed 310 contains a reflector element 304 and a dipole 306 .
- Reflector element 304 directs the signal to/from parabolic reflector 302 to dipole 306 .
- Dipole 306 is typically coupled to a transmitter or receiver (not shown), possibly through a device to amplify the signal.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B present a signal without the use of a bandpass filter.
- the X-axis 202 is the frequency of the signal and the Y-axis 204 is the amplitude of signal 206 . It is evident that there is a large amount of signal that is outside of the desired center frequency 208 .
- FIG. 2B presents the signal after being passed through a bandpass filter. It can be seen that signals outside of a particular range are at a lower amplitude than the signals at the desired frequency 208 .
- the bandpass filter is typically a four or six pole ceramic filter. These filters are effective at removing unwanted frequencies, but are undesirable in a number of respects. For example, the cost of such ceramic filters can be very high. Furthermore, a significant insertion loss (a reduction of signal strength of the processed signal compared to the unprocessed signal) may be introduced by these ceramic filters, in some cases greater than 0.4 dB. Because of the low strength of the received signal, such an insertion loss is highly undesirable.
- An antenna feed in accordance with the present invention generally includes one or more bandpass filter elements positioned between a dipole antenna and a reflector.
- the bandpass filter elements may comprise conductive traces on the printed circuit board that serve to filter unwanted frequencies.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an antenna system of the prior art
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are graphs illustrating the effect of a bandpass filter
- FIG. 3 is a cross-section view of an antenna system of the prior art.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-section view of an antenna system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A illustrates a prior art antenna implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB);
- FIG. 5B illustrates an antenna in accordance with the present invention, as implemented on a PCB
- FIG. 6 illustrates a PCB antenna in accordance with the present invention, showing exemplary measurements.
- an antenna feed in accordance with the present invention incorporates one or more bandpass filter elements (e.g., passive metallic elements) advantageously positioned with respect to the reflector element and the dipole element.
- bandpass filter elements e.g., passive metallic elements
- the number, geometry, and spatial location of the various bandpass filter elements may be selected in accordance with, for example, the desired center frequency and bandwidth of the filter.
- the present invention may be described herein in terms of various functional components, processing steps, and antenna configurations. It should be appreciated that such functional components may be realized by a variety of different hardware or structural components configured to perform the specified functions. For purposes of illustration only, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described herein. Further, it should be noted that, while various components may be suitably coupled or connected to other components, such connections and couplings may be realized by a direct connection between components, or by a connection through other components and devices.
- an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown in cross-section in the context of a parabolic antenna as depicted in FIG. 3 .
- Parabolic reflector 302 , feed 310 , reflector 304 , and dipole 306 are comparable to the respective elements shown in FIG. 3 .
- two bandpass filter elements 410 and 412 are provided between reflector 304 and dipole 306 .
- the presence of filter elements 410 and 412 provide a bandpass filter effect, thereby reducing out-of-band noise, increasing efficiency, and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio.
- bandpass filter elements 410 and 412 are constructed as metallic elements placed between reflector 304 and dipole 306 within an antenna feed housing. In the illustrated embodiment, bandpass elements 410 and 412 are placed symmetrically with respect to dipole 306 and reflector 304 .
- the present invention comprehends any number of variations of this configuration, for example: the use of any number of bandpass elements (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or more elements); the use of bandpass elements having rectilinear, curvilinear, or any other suitable shape; the use of symmetrical and/or non-symmetrical elements; and the symmetrical and/or non-symmetrical positioning of the elements with respect to each other and other antenna components within the system.
- bandpass elements e.g., 1, 2, 3, or more elements
- bandpass elements having rectilinear, curvilinear, or any other suitable shape
- the use of symmetrical and/or non-symmetrical elements e.g., symmetrical and/or non-symmetrical elements
- the present invention is suitably implemented using any material or combination of materials capable of affecting the electromagnetic field of the antenna, including various metals, composite materials, and/or semiconductor materials.
- various components of the antenna are constructed on a printed circuit board (“PCB”) or other suitable planar substrate (for example, a semiconductor or high dielectric constant substrate). Accordingly, such antenna systems are often referred to as “planar,” or “uniplanar” antennas.
- FIG. 5B illustrates an exemplary planar antenna feed, wherein bandpass filter elements 410 and 412 are implemented as substantially planar rectangular traces on the surface of the substrate 504 .
- bandpass filter elements 410 and 412 are implemented as substantially planar rectangular traces on the surface of the substrate 504 .
- prior art planar antennas are typically configured as shown in FIG. 5A , and thus require additional circuitry to implement the bandpass filter.
- bandpass elements 410 and 412 there is little extra cost involved in creating such feature (i.e., bandpass elements 410 and 412 ), because there is no external element needed; bandpass elements 410 and 412 may be fabricated at the same time dipole 306 and reflector 304 are fabricated.
- the various antenna components may be deposited, grown, or otherwise fabricated using any suitable technique now known or later developed, including conventional PCB and semiconductor processing techniques.
- Bandpass elements 410 and 412 comprise any suitable field-altering material, including various metals (copper, brass, aluminum, gold, etc.) and semiconductors (polycrystalline silicon, etc.), and may be fabricated as thick or thin films.
- the bandpass elements comprise a metal (e.g., copper) having a thickness of between about 0.6 and 0.8 mils.
- bandpass elements 410 and 412 are selected in accordance with the total bandwidth and center frequency required of the bandpass filter.
- the bandpass elements 410 and 412 are configured to produced a bandpass frequency range of about 2400 MHz to 2483 MHz, with a center frequency of about 2440 MHz, wherein signals outside this range are attenuated approximately 15 dB.
- Such an embodiment is particularly applicable in wireless modem applications (i.e., “WiFi”) conforming to one or more of the 802.11 specifications, such as 802.11b. That is, a planar antenna feed in accordance with the present invention may be incorporated into personal data assistants, portable computers, Ethernet cards, pagers, or any other such wireless device.
- the illustrated embodiment includes two elongated rectangular elements 410 and 412 positioned symmetrically between reflector 304 and dipole 306 .
- Dipole 306 has a width W D and a length L D .
- reflector 304 has a length L R and width W R .
- Bandpass element 410 is an elongated rectangular element having a length L 1 , a width W 1 , and a center line located S 1 from the centerline of dipole 306 .
- Bandpass element 412 has a length L 2 , a width W 2 , and a center line located S 2 from dipole 306 .
- W D has a value in the range of approximately 190 mils to approximately 200 mils, preferably between approximately 192 mils and 197 mils, and most preferably approximately 195 mils.
- L D has a value in the range of approximately 205 mils to approximately 215 mils, preferably between approximately 207 mils and 213 mils, and most preferably approximately 210 mils.
- the particular dimensions of the planar antenna feed are selected to implement the desired filter characteristics. This selection may be accomplished in a number of ways, for example, through computer modeling (based appropriate electromagnetic field relations), empirical studies, closed-form solutions, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the methods of the present invention may be employed to implement other forms of filters, e.g., low-pass filters, high-pass filters, and higher order filters.
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- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- This invention is generally directed to an antenna feed and, more particularly, to an antenna feed including an integral bandpass filter.
- Antennas are widely used throughout the industrialized world to transmit and receive electromagnetic energy. The electromagnetic energy is typically used to carry some sort of signal which can be decoded to result in usable data. Examples of the uses of antennas include cellular telephones, television, radio, radar, and numerous other applications.
- An exemplary antenna of the prior art is depicted in
FIG. 1 .Antenna 100 contains areflector 102 and afeed 104. Theassembly containing reflector 102 andfeed 104 is typically supported by some form of stand orstructure 106.Antenna 100 operates in the following manner: In receiving mode,reflector 102 reflects electromagnetic waves and directs the electromagnetic waves to feed 104. In transmission mode,feed 104 transmits an electromagnetic wave that is reflected to the environment viareflector 102. The signal from/to feed 104 passes through a sutiable transmitter/receiver 108. - Another view of an antenna is presented in
FIG. 3 .Parabolic reflector 302 performs substantially the same function asreflector 102 ofFIG. 1 , i.e., directing electromagnetic waves to and from the correct point.Feed 310 contains areflector element 304 and adipole 306.Reflector element 304 directs the signal to/fromparabolic reflector 302 todipole 306.Dipole 306 is typically coupled to a transmitter or receiver (not shown), possibly through a device to amplify the signal. - When using antennas for communication purposes, it is often desirable to restrict the electromagnetic signal being transmitted/received to within a certain frequency range. Different frequencies are used for different purposes. For example, cellular phones are assigned frequencies within a particular range, AM and FM radio stations are assigned frequencies within another range, and so forth. When an electromagnetic signal contains frequencies that are not desirable, it becomes difficult to separate the correct signal from the unwanted frequencies (i.e., “noise”). Thus, it is desirable to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, which is expressed in decibels (dB).
- In the prior art, many antenna systems incorporate a bandpass filter between the antenna and the receiver or between the antenna and the transmitter. The effect of a bandpass filter is illustrated in
FIGS. 2A and 2B .FIG. 2A presents a signal without the use of a bandpass filter. TheX-axis 202 is the frequency of the signal and the Y-axis 204 is the amplitude ofsignal 206. It is evident that there is a large amount of signal that is outside of the desiredcenter frequency 208.FIG. 2B presents the signal after being passed through a bandpass filter. It can be seen that signals outside of a particular range are at a lower amplitude than the signals at the desiredfrequency 208. By reducing the signal outside of the desired frequency, it is easier for transmitter/receiver 108 to process the signal because of the reduction in noise. Furthermore, it should also be noted that by reducing the unwanted frequencies during transmit, there is less noise introduced into the atmosphere, thereby improving the performance of other systems operating in the same frequency range, even though those systems may not have bandpass filtering. - In the prior art, the bandpass filter is typically a four or six pole ceramic filter. These filters are effective at removing unwanted frequencies, but are undesirable in a number of respects. For example, the cost of such ceramic filters can be very high. Furthermore, a significant insertion loss (a reduction of signal strength of the processed signal compared to the unprocessed signal) may be introduced by these ceramic filters, in some cases greater than 0.4 dB. Because of the low strength of the received signal, such an insertion loss is highly undesirable.
- An antenna feed in accordance with the present invention generally includes one or more bandpass filter elements positioned between a dipole antenna and a reflector. In a system in which the dipole antenna is contained on a printed circuit board, the bandpass filter elements may comprise conductive traces on the printed circuit board that serve to filter unwanted frequencies.
- A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the Figures, where like reference numbers refer to similar elements throughout the Figures, and:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates an antenna system of the prior art; -
FIGS. 2A and 2B are graphs illustrating the effect of a bandpass filter; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-section view of an antenna system of the prior art; and -
FIG. 4 is a cross-section view of an antenna system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5A illustrates a prior art antenna implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB); -
FIG. 5B illustrates an antenna in accordance with the present invention, as implemented on a PCB; and -
FIG. 6 illustrates a PCB antenna in accordance with the present invention, showing exemplary measurements. - In general, an antenna feed in accordance with the present invention incorporates one or more bandpass filter elements (e.g., passive metallic elements) advantageously positioned with respect to the reflector element and the dipole element. The number, geometry, and spatial location of the various bandpass filter elements may be selected in accordance with, for example, the desired center frequency and bandwidth of the filter.
- The present invention may be described herein in terms of various functional components, processing steps, and antenna configurations. It should be appreciated that such functional components may be realized by a variety of different hardware or structural components configured to perform the specified functions. For purposes of illustration only, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described herein. Further, it should be noted that, while various components may be suitably coupled or connected to other components, such connections and couplings may be realized by a direct connection between components, or by a connection through other components and devices.
- With reference to
FIG. 4 , an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown in cross-section in the context of a parabolic antenna as depicted inFIG. 3 .Parabolic reflector 302,feed 310,reflector 304, anddipole 306 are comparable to the respective elements shown inFIG. 3 . In accordance with the present invention, however, twobandpass filter elements reflector 304 anddipole 306. The presence offilter elements - In one embodiment of the present invention,
bandpass filter elements reflector 304 anddipole 306 within an antenna feed housing. In the illustrated embodiment,bandpass elements dipole 306 andreflector 304. - While the embodiment shown in
FIG. 4 depicts two bandpass elements having uniform cross-sectional thicknesses positioned parallel to each other betweendipole 306 andreflector 304, the present invention comprehends any number of variations of this configuration, for example: the use of any number of bandpass elements (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or more elements); the use of bandpass elements having rectilinear, curvilinear, or any other suitable shape; the use of symmetrical and/or non-symmetrical elements; and the symmetrical and/or non-symmetrical positioning of the elements with respect to each other and other antenna components within the system. Furthermore, while the illustrated embodiment has been described in the context of metallic bandpass elements, the present invention is suitably implemented using any material or combination of materials capable of affecting the electromagnetic field of the antenna, including various metals, composite materials, and/or semiconductor materials. - In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, various components of the antenna are constructed on a printed circuit board (“PCB”) or other suitable planar substrate (for example, a semiconductor or high dielectric constant substrate). Accordingly, such antenna systems are often referred to as “planar,” or “uniplanar” antennas.
-
FIG. 5B illustrates an exemplary planar antenna feed, whereinbandpass filter elements substrate 504. In contrast, prior art planar antennas are typically configured as shown inFIG. 5A , and thus require additional circuitry to implement the bandpass filter. - There is little extra cost involved in creating such feature (i.e.,
bandpass elements 410 and 412), because there is no external element needed;bandpass elements same time dipole 306 andreflector 304 are fabricated. In this regard, the various antenna components may be deposited, grown, or otherwise fabricated using any suitable technique now known or later developed, including conventional PCB and semiconductor processing techniques. -
Bandpass elements - As discussed above, the shape, size, and layout of
bandpass elements FIG. 6 , thebandpass elements - As shown in
FIG. 6 , the illustrated embodiment includes two elongatedrectangular elements reflector 304 anddipole 306.Dipole 306 has a width WD and a length LD. Similarly,reflector 304 has a length LR and width WR. Bandpass element 410 is an elongated rectangular element having a length L1, a width W1, and a center line located S1 from the centerline ofdipole 306.Bandpass element 412 has a length L2, a width W2, and a center line located S2 fromdipole 306. - The ratios of distances, thicknesses, and widths shown in
FIG. 6 may be selected in accordance with the desired bandpass characteristics. Normalizing by the length and width of dipole 306 (LD and WD), for example, the illustrated embodiment has the following approximate dimensionless values:
L R /L D=1.15
S R /L D=0.45
L 1 /L D=1.00
S 1 /L D=0.38
S 2 /L D=0.21
L 2 /L D=0.48
W R /W D=0.63
W 1 /W D=0.18
W 2 /W D=0.23 - Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, WD has a value in the range of approximately 190 mils to approximately 200 mils, preferably between approximately 192 mils and 197 mils, and most preferably approximately 195 mils. Similarly, LD has a value in the range of approximately 205 mils to approximately 215 mils, preferably between approximately 207 mils and 213 mils, and most preferably approximately 210 mils.
- As mentioned above, the particular dimensions of the planar antenna feed are selected to implement the desired filter characteristics. This selection may be accomplished in a number of ways, for example, through computer modeling (based appropriate electromagnetic field relations), empirical studies, closed-form solutions, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the methods of the present invention may be employed to implement other forms of filters, e.g., low-pass filters, high-pass filters, and higher order filters.
- It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of some of the many specific embodiments which represent applications of the principles of the present invention. Numerous other arrangements can be readily devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
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US10/696,116 US7042410B2 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2003-10-29 | Microwave antenna feed with integral bandpass filter |
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US10/696,116 US7042410B2 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2003-10-29 | Microwave antenna feed with integral bandpass filter |
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US20050093758A1 true US20050093758A1 (en) | 2005-05-05 |
US7042410B2 US7042410B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 |
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CN112701473A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-23 | 华南理工大学 | End-fire filtering MIMO antenna |
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US8674885B2 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2014-03-18 | Siklu Communication ltd. | Systems for interfacing waveguide antenna feeds with printed circuit boards |
Citations (6)
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US3707681A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1972-12-26 | Jfd Electronics Corp | Miniature tv antenna |
US5835062A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-11-10 | Harris Corporation | Flat panel-configured electronically steerable phased array antenna having spatially distributed array of fanned dipole sub-arrays controlled by triode-configured field emission control devices |
US6166703A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 2000-12-26 | Thomson Licensing S.A. | Combination satellite and VHF/UHF receiving antenna |
US6219004B1 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2001-04-17 | Harris Corporation | Antenna having hemispherical radiation optimized for peak gain at horizon |
US20030128169A1 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2003-07-10 | Desargant Glen J. | Coincident transmit-receive beams plus conical scanned monopulse receive beam |
US20030142029A1 (en) * | 2002-01-28 | 2003-07-31 | Desargant Glen J. | Reflector antenna having low-dielectric support tube for sub-reflectors and feeds |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ES2040625B1 (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1995-04-01 | Televes Sa | YAGUI UHF ANTENNA. |
EP1098367A2 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-09 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | An electronics package having an integrated filter |
-
2003
- 2003-10-29 US US10/696,116 patent/US7042410B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3707681A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1972-12-26 | Jfd Electronics Corp | Miniature tv antenna |
US6166703A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 2000-12-26 | Thomson Licensing S.A. | Combination satellite and VHF/UHF receiving antenna |
US5835062A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-11-10 | Harris Corporation | Flat panel-configured electronically steerable phased array antenna having spatially distributed array of fanned dipole sub-arrays controlled by triode-configured field emission control devices |
US6219004B1 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2001-04-17 | Harris Corporation | Antenna having hemispherical radiation optimized for peak gain at horizon |
US20030128169A1 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2003-07-10 | Desargant Glen J. | Coincident transmit-receive beams plus conical scanned monopulse receive beam |
US20030142029A1 (en) * | 2002-01-28 | 2003-07-31 | Desargant Glen J. | Reflector antenna having low-dielectric support tube for sub-reflectors and feeds |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112701473A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-23 | 华南理工大学 | End-fire filtering MIMO antenna |
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