US20050089419A1 - Sealed ESP Motor System - Google Patents
Sealed ESP Motor System Download PDFInfo
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- US20050089419A1 US20050089419A1 US10/905,560 US90556005A US2005089419A1 US 20050089419 A1 US20050089419 A1 US 20050089419A1 US 90556005 A US90556005 A US 90556005A US 2005089419 A1 US2005089419 A1 US 2005089419A1
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- Prior art keywords
- motor
- pump
- sealed
- shaft
- shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt samarium Chemical compound [Co].[Sm] KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/128—Adaptation of pump systems with down-hole electric drives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D13/021—Units comprising pumps and their driving means containing a coupling
- F04D13/024—Units comprising pumps and their driving means containing a coupling a magnetic coupling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D13/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use
- F04D13/10—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use adapted for use in mining bore holes
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to pumping systems utilized in raising fluids from wells, and particularly to a submersible pumping system having a sealed motor.
- a submersible pumping system such as an electric submersible pumping system (ESP)
- ESP electric submersible pumping system
- production fluids enter a wellbore via perforations made in a well casing adjacent a production formation. Fluids contained in the formation collect in the wellbore and may be raised by the pumping system to a collection point above the earth's surface.
- the ESP systems can also be used to move the fluid from one zone to another.
- An ESP system is generally comprised of a motor section, a pump section, and a protector.
- Current motor designs require clean oil, not only to minimize magnetic losses, but also to provide appropriate lubrication in the hydrodynamic bearings that support the rotor. Contamination of the clean oil leads to short circuit which is one of the most common failure modes in electric motors used in ESP applications.
- the protector of a typical ESP system provides an elaborate seal intended to maintain the clean oil environment separate from the well fluid.
- One end of the protector is open to the well bore, while the other end is connected to the interior of the motor.
- Existing protectors have the common purpose of forming a barrier between the motor oil and the well fluid. Circumstances such as thermal cycling, mechanical seal failures, wear, or scale can result in a malfunction of the protector. Such malfunction allows well fluid to reach the motor resulting in an electrical short circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a submersible pumping system positioned in a wellbore and having an embodiment of the sealed motor system of the present invention
- FIG. 2 provides a side view of an embodiment of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system.
- FIG. 3 provides an end view of an embodiment of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system.
- FIG. 4 provides an end view of an embodiment of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system in which the permanent magnets are enclosed by a thin metal sleeve.
- FIG. 5 A-B provides a perspective view of an embodiment of the motor-side rotor and the pump-side rotor of the magnetic coupling in which the permanent magnets are enclosed by a thin metal sleeve.
- FIG. 6 provides an illustration of an embodiment of the sealed motor allowing for the thermal expansion of the motor oil.
- FIG. 7 provides an illustration of another embodiment of the sealed motor allowing for the thermal expansion of the motor oil.
- FIG. 8 provides an illustration of another embodiment of the sealed motor allowing for the thermal expansion of the motor oil.
- FIG. 9 provides an illustration of yet another embodiment of the sealed motor allowing for the thermal expansion of the motor oil.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system having a plurality of magnets mounted along the motor-side shaft.
- FIG. 11 provides a schematic of one embodiment of an intermediate bearing support of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system.
- FIG. 12 provides a schematic of another embodiment of an intermediate bearing support of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system.
- FIG. 13 provides a schematic of another embodiment of an intermediate bearing support of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system.
- FIG. 14 provides an illustration of an embodiment of the sealed motor system where the magnetic coupling is integral with the sealed motor and the protector.
- a submersible pumping system such as an electric submersible pumping system (ESP), having an embodiment of the sealed motor system 10 of the present invention is illustrated.
- the submersible pumping system may comprise a variety of components depending on the particular application or environment in which it is used.
- the sealed motor system 10 used therein includes at least a submersible pump 12 and a submersible sealed motor 14 .
- the submersible pumping system is designed for deployment in a well 16 within a geological formation 18 containing desirable production fluids, such as petroleum.
- a wellbore 20 is drilled and lined with a wellbore casing 24 .
- the submersible system is deployed within wellbore 20 to a desired location for pumping of wellbore fluids.
- the sealed motor system 10 includes a variety of additional components.
- a protector 26 serves to transmit torque generated by the motor 16 to the submersible pump 12 .
- the protector 26 additionally includes thrust bearings designed to carry the thrust loads generated within the submersible pump 12 .
- the system 10 further includes a pump intake 28 through which wellbore fluids are drawn into the submersible pump 12 .
- the submersible pumping system also includes a connector or discharge head 30 by which the submersible pumping system is connected to a deployment system 32 .
- the deployment system 32 may comprise a cable, coil tubing, or production tubing.
- the deployment system 32 comprises production tubing 34 through which the wellbore fluids are pumped to another zone or to the surface of the earth.
- a power cable 36 is disposed along the deployment system 32 and routed to a bulkhead 38 within the housing of the sealed motor 14 to provide power thereto.
- the bulkhead 38 is a glass sealed bulkhead.
- a magnetic coupling 40 is affixed between the sealed motor 14 and the protector 26 .
- the magnetic coupling 40 enables torque generated by the sealed motor 14 to be transmitted to the protector 26 and the pump 12 while maintaining the motor 14 in a separate, sealed housing.
- the magnetic coupling 40 removes the necessity of mechanical interaction between the motor shaft and the shaft of the protector 26 or the pump 12 .
- the torque generated by the sealed motor 14 is transmitted to the protector 26 and the pump 12 by magnetic fields acting through the sealed motor casing.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 provide side and end views, respectively, of an embodiment of the magnetic coupling 40 of the sealed motor system 10 .
- the magnetic coupling 40 is generally comprised of a motor-side housing 42 and a pump-side housing 44 .
- the motor-side housing 42 is affixed to the motor housing 46 of the motor 14 such that the motor 14 remains sealed from the surrounding wellbore fluids.
- the motor-side housing 42 is affixed to the motor housing 46 by welds 48 .
- the motor-side housing 42 has a motor-side shaft 50 running therethrough.
- the motor-side shaft 50 is rotatably driven by the sealed motor 14 .
- the motor-side shaft 50 is affixed to the motor shaft (not shown).
- Permanent magnets 52 arranged in rings, are mounted to the motor-side shaft 50 by a motor-side rotor 54 .
- the permanent magnets 52 rotate along with the motor-side shaft 50 .
- a thin-walled shell 58 Affixed to the top end 56 of the motor-side housing 42 is a thin-walled shell 58 .
- the shell 58 covers the motor-side shaft 50 as well as the permanent magnets 52 , arranged in rings, affixed thereto.
- the thin-walled shell 58 is affixed to the motor-side housing 42 such that the motor 14 remains sealed.
- the thin-walled shell 58 is affixed to the motor-side housing 42 by welds 60 .
- the thin-walled shell 58 is made of a high strength non-magnetic material such as Hastelloy or titanium. In other embodiments, to avoid high eddy current losses, the thin-walled shell 58 can be made of a non-conducting high performance composite material such as carbon-reinforced PEEK.
- the pump-side housing 44 has a pump-side shaft 62 running therethrough.
- the pump-side shaft 62 is affixed to the pump shaft (not shown).
- Affixed to the base of the pump-side shaft 62 is a pump-side rotor 64 that has permanent magnets 66 mounted thereto. Rotation of the pump-side rotor 64 results in rotation of the pump-side shaft 62 and consequentially the pump shaft.
- the permanent magnets 52 , 66 are made from materials with a high density of magnetic energy such as neodymium iron-boron or samarium cobalt.
- the permanent magnets 52 , 66 are closely aligned and the distance from the magnets 52 , 66 to the shell 58 is small to reduce magnetic losses.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an embodiment of the magnetic coupling 40 of the sealed motor system 10 in which the magnets 52 , 66 can be enclosed by thin metal sleeves 53 , 67 to provide mechanical protection and corrosion resistance.
- FIG. 4 provides a side view
- FIG. 5 provides a perspective view of the motor-side rotor 54 and the pump-side rotor 64 having the thin metal sleeves 53 , 67 .
- the sleeves 53 , 67 can be made of a thin non-magnetic material and will produce no Eddy current losses since there is no relative motion with respect to the magnets 52 , 56 .
- the permanent magnets 52 within the motor-side housing 42 along with the permanent magnets 66 in the pump-side housing 44 act to create a magnetic field that enables the synchronous transmission of the rotating motion from the motor-side shaft 50 to the pump-side shaft 62 .
- the motor-side rotor 54 rotates along with the affixed permanent magnets 52 . Because the permanent magnets 52 of the motor-side rotor 54 are magnetically linked to the permanent magnets 66 of the pump-side rotor 64 , the pump-side rotor 64 is forced to rotate resulting in rotation of the pump-side shaft 62 and the affixed pump shaft.
- the magnetic field runs through the thin-walled shell 58 , eliminating any need for mechanical connection between the motor-side shaft 50 and the pump-side shaft 62 , enabling the motor 14 to remain completely sealed.
- the magnetic coupling 40 is a non-contact coupling, the dynamics of the motor-side components and the pump-side components are isolated. In other words, dynamic or vibration problems existing in the sealed motor 14 are not transmitted to the pump 12 , and vice versa.
- the magnetic coupling 40 does not require any specific fluid to operate, the presence of solids in the small gap 68 that exists between the thin-walled shell 58 and the pump-side rotor 64 can create additional friction compromising the power capability of the magnetic coupling 40 . Because the components of the magnetic coupling 40 that are located within the pump-side housing 44 are likely to be exposed to well fluid, a metallic knitted mesh 70 , or other screen, is provided as a means to stop solids from reaching the small gap 68 in the coupling.
- the motor-side housing 42 is filled with clean oil 72 and is sealed from exposure to the surrounding well fluids to avoid contamination. However, good circulation of the oil 72 may be required to remove heat from the coupling.
- FIG. 6 provides an illustration of an embodiment of the sealed motor 14 of the sealed motor system 10 allowing for the thermal expansion of the motor oil 72 . As illustrated, such expansion is accommodated by the inclusion of a pressurized expansion chamber 74 affixed to the base 76 of the sealed motor 14 . A fluid channel 78 extends therethrough the base 76 to enable communication between the sealed motor 14 and the expansion chamber 74 .
- a flexible element 80 Located within the expansion chamber 74 , is a flexible element 80 , such as an elastomeric bag, that is attached to the base 76 of the sealed motor 14 .
- the flexible element 80 is surrounded by pressurized gas 82 while its interior 84 is in communication with the motor oil 72 through the fluid channel 78 .
- the pressure of the gas 82 keeps the flexible element 80 in its compressed state.
- the thermal expansion of the oil 72 overcomes the pressure of the gas 82 and the flexible element 80 expands.
- FIG. 7 Another embodiment of the sealed motor 14 of the sealed motor system 10 allowing for thermal expansion of the motor oil 72 is illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- the thermal expansion is accommodated by the inclusion of a metal bellows 86 housed within the pressurized expansion chamber 74 that is affixed to the base 76 of the sealed motor 14 .
- the bellows 86 On the motor-side of the bellows 86 , the bellows 86 is exposed to the motor oil 72 . On the other side of the bellows 86 , the bellows 86 is exposed to wellbore fluid via the wellbore fluid inlet 88 . A metal mesh screen 90 is provided proximate the fluid inlet 88 to keep large debris from interfering with the flexures of the bellows 86 .
- the bellows 86 expands and compresses in response to the fluid pressure of the oil 72 and the well fluid so as to effectively equalize the pressure. As such, the bellows 86 minimizes the net fluid pressure forces acting on the components of the sealed motor 14 .
- FIG. 8 Another embodiment of the sealed motor 14 of the sealed motor system 10 using a bellows 86 to allowing for thermal expansion of the motor oil 72 is illustrated schematically in FIG. 8 .
- an expansion chamber 75 is affixed to the base 76 of the sealed motor 14 .
- a fluid channel 78 extends therethrough the base 76 to enable communication between the sealed motor 14 and the expansion chamber 75 .
- the expansion chamber 75 protects the bellows 86 from the surrounding wellbore fluid such that the exterior of the bellows 86 is only in contact with the motor oil 72 contained within the sealed motor 14 .
- the interior of the bellows 86 is filled with clean oil 73 .
- a flexible element 80 is affixed to the base of the bellows 86 such that the interior of the flexible element 80 is in communication with the clean oil 73 contained within the interior of the bellows 86 .
- the exterior of the flexible element 80 is in communication with the surrounding wellbore fluid.
- the bellows 86 expands and compresses in response to the fluid pressure of the oil 72 , 73 and the fluid pressure of the surrounding wellbore fluid acting on the exterior of the flexible element 80 . In this manner, the bellows 86 acts to effectively equalize the pressure. As such, the bellows 86 minimizes the net fluid pressure forces acting on the components of the sealed motor 14 .
- FIG. 9 Yet another embodiment of the sealed motor 14 of the sealed motor system 10 allowing for thermal expansion of the motor oil 72 is illustrated in FIG. 9 .
- the thermal expansion is accommodated by the inclusion of a piston 92 housed within the pressurized expansion chamber 74 that is affixed to the base 76 of the sealed motor 14 .
- the piston 92 On the motor-side of the piston 92 , the piston 92 is exposed to the motor oil 72 . On the other side of the piston 92 , the piston 92 is exposed to wellbore fluid via the wellbore fluid inlet 88 . A metal mesh screen 90 is provided proximate the fluid inlet 88 to keep large debris from interfering with the action of the piston 92 .
- the piston 92 is configured to move in response to the fluid pressure of the oil 72 and the well fluid so as to effectively equalize the pressure. As such, the piston 92 minimizes the net fluid pressure forces acting on the components of the sealed motor 14 .
- the sealed motor 14 can be filled with gas instead of motor oil 72 . This removes the necessity of the expansion chamber 74 . Using gas instead of motor oil 72 requires the use of gas or foil bearings.
- FIG. 10 illustrates one such extended length embodiment is which the magnetic coupling 40 of the sealed motor system 10 has a plurality of magnets 52 , 66 mounted along the motor-side shaft 50 .
- the magnetic coupling 40 in this embodiment is again comprised of a motor-side housing 42 and a pump-side housing 44 .
- the motor-side housing 42 is affixed to the sealed motor 14 by means, such as welding, that ensure the motor 14 remains sealed from the surrounding wellbore fluids.
- the motor-side shaft 42 runs therethrough the motor-side housing 42 and is rotatably driven by the sealed motor 14 .
- a plurality of permanent magnets 52 are mounted to the motor-side shaft 50 by a motor-side rotor 54 .
- the thin-walled shell 58 covers the motor-side shaft 50 as well as the plurality of permanent magnets 52 , arranged in rings, affixed thereto.
- the thin-walled shell 58 is affixed to the motor-side housing 42 such that the motor 14 remains sealed.
- the thin-walled shell 58 is affixed by welds 60 .
- the thin-walled shell 58 can be made of a high strength non-magnetic material such as Hastelloy or titanium. Likewise, the thin-walled shell 58 can be made of a non-conducting high performance composite material such as carbon-reinforced PEEK.
- the pump-side shaft 62 runs through the pump-side housing 44 .
- Affixed to the base of the pump-side shaft 62 is the pump-side rotor 64 that has a plurality of permanent magnets 66 , arranged in rings, mounted thereto.
- the plurality of permanent magnets 66 mounted to the pump-side rotor 64 are located at the same axial location as the plurality of permanent magnets 52 mounted to the motor-side rotor 54 .
- the plurality of permanent magnets 52 within the motor-side housing 14 along with the plurality of permanent magnets 66 in the pump-side housing 44 act to create a magnetic field that enables the synchronous transmission of the rotating motion from the motor-side shaft 50 to the pump-side shaft 62 .
- the motor-side rotor 54 rotates along with the affixed plurality of permanent magnets 52 . Because the plurality of permanent magnets 52 of the motor-side rotor 54 are magnetically linked to the plurality of permanent magnets 66 of the pump-side rotor 64 , the pump-side rotor 64 is forced to rotate resulting in rotation of the pump-side shaft 62 and the affixed pump shaft.
- the magnetic field runs through the thin-walled shell 58 , eliminating any need for mechanical connection between the motor-side shaft 50 and the pump-side shaft 62 , enabling the motor 14 to remain completely sealed.
- the magnetic coupling 40 of the sealed motor system 10 is typically supported at either end by hydrodynamic bearings, such as plain journal bearings. Where space permits, bearings such as tilt-pad, lemon bore, and offset bearings can be used to advantage at either end of the magnetic coupling 40 .
- intermediate bearing supports 94 can be used to advantage as the intermediate bearing supports 94 .
- intermediate bearings supports 94 such as that illustrated in FIG. 11 can be used to enhance the dynamic stability of the magnetic coupling 40 .
- the intermediate bearing supports 94 are comprised generally of three intermediate bearings 96 , 98 , 100 .
- the first intermediate bearing 96 is located between the rotatable motor-side shaft 50 and the stationary thin-walled shell 58 .
- the stationary sleeve 97 b of the first intermediate bearing 96 is affixed to the thin-walled shell 58 while the rotatable interior surface 97 a is located proximate the motor-side shaft 50 .
- the second intermediate bearing 98 is located between the stationary thin-walled shell 58 and the rotatable pump-side rotor 64 that is connected to the pump-side shaft 62 .
- the second intermediate bearing 98 is concentric with the first intermediate bearing 96 and located at the same axial location.
- the stationary sleeve 99 a of the second intermediate bearing 98 is affixed to the thin-walled shell 58 while its rotatable exterior surface 99 b is located proximate the pump-side rotor 64 .
- the third intermediate bearing 100 is located between the rotatable pump-side rotor 64 and the stationary pump-side housing 44 .
- the third intermediate bearing 100 is comprised of a stationary sleeve 101 b affixed to the pump-side housing 44 and a rotating interior surface 101 a proximate the pump-side rotor 64 .
- the third intermediate bearing 100 is located at the same axial location as the first and second intermediate bearings 96 , 98 .
- the third intermediate bearing 100 can be located anywhere along the length of the pump-side rotor 64 .
- One such example is shown in FIG. 12 .
- an intermediate bearing support 94 is described with reference to FIG. 13 .
- enhanced stability of the magnetic coupling 40 is achieved by creating an elliptical surface in the thin-walled shell 58 .
- the elliptical shape in the shell 58 can be achieved by using a bearing 102 having an elliptical hole 104 bored into the bearing portion 106 that contacts the shell 58 .
- the elliptical shape of the shell 58 has stabilizing effects similar to hydrodynamic bearings that enhance stability (e.g., tilt-pad, lemon bore, offset bearings).
- FIG. 14 provides a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the sealed motor system 10 where the magnetic coupling 40 is integral with the sealed motor 14 and the protector 26 .
- the internal components of the magnetic coupling 40 remain as described above, but are not housed within a separate coupling housing. Rather, the internal components in this embodiment are housed within the lower portion of the protector housing 108 and the upper portion of the motor housing 46 . As such, the motor housing 46 can be affixed directly to the protector housing 108 .
- One advantage of this embodiment is that the torque is supplied through the components of the magnetic coupling 40 directly from the motor shaft 110 to the shaft of the protector 112 .
- the protector 26 can be eliminated altogether by carrying the thrust load in either the sealed motor 14 or the pump 12 .
- the sealed motor 14 can be affixed directly to the pump 12 .
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a submersible motor and pump system for use in a wellbore. More specifically, the present invention provides a submersible system having a sealed motor and a magnetic coupling to transmit torque from the sealed motor to the pump.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/321,241, filed Dec. 17, 2002, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/342,786, filed Dec. 21, 2001.
- The present invention relates generally to pumping systems utilized in raising fluids from wells, and particularly to a submersible pumping system having a sealed motor.
- In producing petroleum and other useful fluids from production wells, it is generally known to provide a submersible pumping system, such as an electric submersible pumping system (ESP), for raising the fluids collected in a well. Typically, production fluids enter a wellbore via perforations made in a well casing adjacent a production formation. Fluids contained in the formation collect in the wellbore and may be raised by the pumping system to a collection point above the earth's surface. The ESP systems can also be used to move the fluid from one zone to another.
- An ESP system is generally comprised of a motor section, a pump section, and a protector. Current motor designs require clean oil, not only to minimize magnetic losses, but also to provide appropriate lubrication in the hydrodynamic bearings that support the rotor. Contamination of the clean oil leads to short circuit which is one of the most common failure modes in electric motors used in ESP applications.
- The protector of a typical ESP system provides an elaborate seal intended to maintain the clean oil environment separate from the well fluid. One end of the protector is open to the well bore, while the other end is connected to the interior of the motor. Existing protectors have the common purpose of forming a barrier between the motor oil and the well fluid. Circumstances such as thermal cycling, mechanical seal failures, wear, or scale can result in a malfunction of the protector. Such malfunction allows well fluid to reach the motor resulting in an electrical short circuit.
-
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a submersible pumping system positioned in a wellbore and having an embodiment of the sealed motor system of the present invention -
FIG. 2 provides a side view of an embodiment of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system. -
FIG. 3 provides an end view of an embodiment of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system. -
FIG. 4 provides an end view of an embodiment of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system in which the permanent magnets are enclosed by a thin metal sleeve. -
FIG. 5 A-B provides a perspective view of an embodiment of the motor-side rotor and the pump-side rotor of the magnetic coupling in which the permanent magnets are enclosed by a thin metal sleeve. -
FIG. 6 provides an illustration of an embodiment of the sealed motor allowing for the thermal expansion of the motor oil. -
FIG. 7 provides an illustration of another embodiment of the sealed motor allowing for the thermal expansion of the motor oil. -
FIG. 8 provides an illustration of another embodiment of the sealed motor allowing for the thermal expansion of the motor oil. -
FIG. 9 provides an illustration of yet another embodiment of the sealed motor allowing for the thermal expansion of the motor oil. -
FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system having a plurality of magnets mounted along the motor-side shaft. -
FIG. 11 provides a schematic of one embodiment of an intermediate bearing support of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system. -
FIG. 12 provides a schematic of another embodiment of an intermediate bearing support of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system. -
FIG. 13 provides a schematic of another embodiment of an intermediate bearing support of the magnetic coupling of the sealed motor system. -
FIG. 14 provides an illustration of an embodiment of the sealed motor system where the magnetic coupling is integral with the sealed motor and the protector. - Referring generally to
FIG. 1 , a submersible pumping system, such as an electric submersible pumping system (ESP), having an embodiment of the sealedmotor system 10 of the present invention is illustrated. The submersible pumping system may comprise a variety of components depending on the particular application or environment in which it is used. The sealedmotor system 10 used therein includes at least asubmersible pump 12 and a submersible sealedmotor 14. - The submersible pumping system is designed for deployment in a well 16 within a
geological formation 18 containing desirable production fluids, such as petroleum. In a typical application, a wellbore 20 is drilled and lined with awellbore casing 24. The submersible system is deployed within wellbore 20 to a desired location for pumping of wellbore fluids. - The sealed
motor system 10 includes a variety of additional components. Aprotector 26 serves to transmit torque generated by themotor 16 to thesubmersible pump 12. Theprotector 26 additionally includes thrust bearings designed to carry the thrust loads generated within thesubmersible pump 12. Thesystem 10 further includes apump intake 28 through which wellbore fluids are drawn into thesubmersible pump 12. - The submersible pumping system also includes a connector or
discharge head 30 by which the submersible pumping system is connected to adeployment system 32. Thedeployment system 32 may comprise a cable, coil tubing, or production tubing. In the illustrated embodiment, thedeployment system 32 comprisesproduction tubing 34 through which the wellbore fluids are pumped to another zone or to the surface of the earth. Apower cable 36 is disposed along thedeployment system 32 and routed to abulkhead 38 within the housing of the sealedmotor 14 to provide power thereto. In one embodiment, thebulkhead 38 is a glass sealed bulkhead. - In an embodiment of the sealed
motor system 10 of the present invention, amagnetic coupling 40 is affixed between the sealedmotor 14 and theprotector 26. Themagnetic coupling 40 enables torque generated by the sealedmotor 14 to be transmitted to theprotector 26 and thepump 12 while maintaining themotor 14 in a separate, sealed housing. In other words, themagnetic coupling 40 removes the necessity of mechanical interaction between the motor shaft and the shaft of theprotector 26 or thepump 12. The torque generated by the sealedmotor 14 is transmitted to theprotector 26 and thepump 12 by magnetic fields acting through the sealed motor casing. -
FIGS. 2 and 3 provide side and end views, respectively, of an embodiment of themagnetic coupling 40 of the sealedmotor system 10. Themagnetic coupling 40 is generally comprised of a motor-side housing 42 and a pump-side housing 44. The motor-side housing 42 is affixed to themotor housing 46 of themotor 14 such that themotor 14 remains sealed from the surrounding wellbore fluids. In one exemplary embodiment, the motor-side housing 42 is affixed to themotor housing 46 bywelds 48. - The motor-
side housing 42 has a motor-side shaft 50 running therethrough. The motor-side shaft 50 is rotatably driven by the sealedmotor 14. In a typical embodiment, the motor-side shaft 50 is affixed to the motor shaft (not shown).Permanent magnets 52, arranged in rings, are mounted to the motor-side shaft 50 by a motor-side rotor 54. Thepermanent magnets 52 rotate along with the motor-side shaft 50. - Affixed to the
top end 56 of the motor-side housing 42 is a thin-walled shell 58. Theshell 58 covers the motor-side shaft 50 as well as thepermanent magnets 52, arranged in rings, affixed thereto. The thin-walled shell 58 is affixed to the motor-side housing 42 such that themotor 14 remains sealed. In one exemplary embodiment, the thin-walled shell 58 is affixed to the motor-side housing 42 bywelds 60. - In one embodiment, the thin-
walled shell 58 is made of a high strength non-magnetic material such as Hastelloy or titanium. In other embodiments, to avoid high eddy current losses, the thin-walled shell 58 can be made of a non-conducting high performance composite material such as carbon-reinforced PEEK. - The pump-
side housing 44 has a pump-side shaft 62 running therethrough. In a typical embodiment, the pump-side shaft 62 is affixed to the pump shaft (not shown). Affixed to the base of the pump-side shaft 62 is a pump-side rotor 64 that haspermanent magnets 66 mounted thereto. Rotation of the pump-side rotor 64 results in rotation of the pump-side shaft 62 and consequentially the pump shaft. - In one embodiment, the
permanent magnets permanent magnets magnets shell 58 is small to reduce magnetic losses.FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an embodiment of themagnetic coupling 40 of the sealedmotor system 10 in which themagnets thin metal sleeves FIG. 4 provides a side view andFIG. 5 provides a perspective view of the motor-side rotor 54 and the pump-side rotor 64 having thethin metal sleeves sleeves magnets - Referring back to
FIG. 2 , thepermanent magnets 52 within the motor-side housing 42 along with thepermanent magnets 66 in the pump-side housing 44 act to create a magnetic field that enables the synchronous transmission of the rotating motion from the motor-side shaft 50 to the pump-side shaft 62. - As the motor-
side shaft 50 is rotated by operation of the sealedmotor 14, the motor-side rotor 54 rotates along with the affixedpermanent magnets 52. Because thepermanent magnets 52 of the motor-side rotor 54 are magnetically linked to thepermanent magnets 66 of the pump-side rotor 64, the pump-side rotor 64 is forced to rotate resulting in rotation of the pump-side shaft 62 and the affixed pump shaft. The magnetic field runs through the thin-walled shell 58, eliminating any need for mechanical connection between the motor-side shaft 50 and the pump-side shaft 62, enabling themotor 14 to remain completely sealed. - Because the
magnetic coupling 40 is a non-contact coupling, the dynamics of the motor-side components and the pump-side components are isolated. In other words, dynamic or vibration problems existing in the sealedmotor 14 are not transmitted to thepump 12, and vice versa. - Although the
magnetic coupling 40 does not require any specific fluid to operate, the presence of solids in thesmall gap 68 that exists between the thin-walled shell 58 and the pump-side rotor 64 can create additional friction compromising the power capability of themagnetic coupling 40. Because the components of themagnetic coupling 40 that are located within the pump-side housing 44 are likely to be exposed to well fluid, a metallic knittedmesh 70, or other screen, is provided as a means to stop solids from reaching thesmall gap 68 in the coupling. - It is understood that the above concern does not exist within the motor-
side housing 42. The motor-side housing 42 is filled withclean oil 72 and is sealed from exposure to the surrounding well fluids to avoid contamination. However, good circulation of theoil 72 may be required to remove heat from the coupling. -
FIG. 6 provides an illustration of an embodiment of the sealedmotor 14 of the sealedmotor system 10 allowing for the thermal expansion of themotor oil 72. As illustrated, such expansion is accommodated by the inclusion of apressurized expansion chamber 74 affixed to thebase 76 of the sealedmotor 14. Afluid channel 78 extends therethrough the base 76 to enable communication between the sealedmotor 14 and theexpansion chamber 74. - Located within the
expansion chamber 74, is aflexible element 80, such as an elastomeric bag, that is attached to thebase 76 of the sealedmotor 14. Theflexible element 80 is surrounded bypressurized gas 82 while its interior 84 is in communication with themotor oil 72 through thefluid channel 78. In cold conditions, the pressure of thegas 82 keeps theflexible element 80 in its compressed state. When the temperature rises, the thermal expansion of theoil 72 overcomes the pressure of thegas 82 and theflexible element 80 expands. - Another embodiment of the sealed
motor 14 of the sealedmotor system 10 allowing for thermal expansion of themotor oil 72 is illustrated inFIG. 7 . In this embodiment, the thermal expansion is accommodated by the inclusion of a metal bellows 86 housed within thepressurized expansion chamber 74 that is affixed to thebase 76 of the sealedmotor 14. - On the motor-side of the
bellows 86, thebellows 86 is exposed to themotor oil 72. On the other side of thebellows 86, thebellows 86 is exposed to wellbore fluid via thewellbore fluid inlet 88. Ametal mesh screen 90 is provided proximate thefluid inlet 88 to keep large debris from interfering with the flexures of thebellows 86. - The bellows 86 expands and compresses in response to the fluid pressure of the
oil 72 and the well fluid so as to effectively equalize the pressure. As such, thebellows 86 minimizes the net fluid pressure forces acting on the components of the sealedmotor 14. - Another embodiment of the sealed
motor 14 of the sealedmotor system 10 using abellows 86 to allowing for thermal expansion of themotor oil 72 is illustrated schematically inFIG. 8 . In this embodiment, anexpansion chamber 75 is affixed to thebase 76 of the sealedmotor 14. Afluid channel 78 extends therethrough the base 76 to enable communication between the sealedmotor 14 and theexpansion chamber 75. - Located within the
expansion chamber 75 is thebellows 86. Theexpansion chamber 75 protects thebellows 86 from the surrounding wellbore fluid such that the exterior of thebellows 86 is only in contact with themotor oil 72 contained within the sealedmotor 14. The interior of thebellows 86 is filled withclean oil 73. - A
flexible element 80 is affixed to the base of thebellows 86 such that the interior of theflexible element 80 is in communication with theclean oil 73 contained within the interior of thebellows 86. The exterior of theflexible element 80 is in communication with the surrounding wellbore fluid. - The bellows 86 expands and compresses in response to the fluid pressure of the
oil flexible element 80. In this manner, thebellows 86 acts to effectively equalize the pressure. As such, thebellows 86 minimizes the net fluid pressure forces acting on the components of the sealedmotor 14. - Yet another embodiment of the sealed
motor 14 of the sealedmotor system 10 allowing for thermal expansion of themotor oil 72 is illustrated inFIG. 9 . In this embodiment, the thermal expansion is accommodated by the inclusion of apiston 92 housed within thepressurized expansion chamber 74 that is affixed to thebase 76 of the sealedmotor 14. - On the motor-side of the
piston 92, thepiston 92 is exposed to themotor oil 72. On the other side of thepiston 92, thepiston 92 is exposed to wellbore fluid via thewellbore fluid inlet 88. Ametal mesh screen 90 is provided proximate thefluid inlet 88 to keep large debris from interfering with the action of thepiston 92. - The
piston 92 is configured to move in response to the fluid pressure of theoil 72 and the well fluid so as to effectively equalize the pressure. As such, thepiston 92 minimizes the net fluid pressure forces acting on the components of the sealedmotor 14. - In alternate embodiments, the sealed
motor 14 can be filled with gas instead ofmotor oil 72. This removes the necessity of theexpansion chamber 74. Using gas instead ofmotor oil 72 requires the use of gas or foil bearings. - Because the diameter of the
magnetic coupling 40 employed by the sealedmotor system 10 is constrained by the size of the well, to increase the power transmitted by the sealedmotor system 10, the length of themagnetic coupling 40 must be increased.FIG. 10 illustrates one such extended length embodiment is which themagnetic coupling 40 of the sealedmotor system 10 has a plurality ofmagnets side shaft 50. - The
magnetic coupling 40 in this embodiment is again comprised of a motor-side housing 42 and a pump-side housing 44. The motor-side housing 42 is affixed to the sealedmotor 14 by means, such as welding, that ensure themotor 14 remains sealed from the surrounding wellbore fluids. - The motor-
side shaft 42 runs therethrough the motor-side housing 42 and is rotatably driven by the sealedmotor 14. A plurality ofpermanent magnets 52, arranged in rings, are mounted to the motor-side shaft 50 by a motor-side rotor 54. - Affixed to the
top end 56 of the motor-side housing 42 is the thin-walled shell 58. Theshell 58 covers the motor-side shaft 50 as well as the plurality ofpermanent magnets 52, arranged in rings, affixed thereto. The thin-walled shell 58 is affixed to the motor-side housing 42 such that themotor 14 remains sealed. In one exemplary embodiment, the thin-walled shell 58 is affixed bywelds 60. - As discussed above, the thin-
walled shell 58 can be made of a high strength non-magnetic material such as Hastelloy or titanium. Likewise, the thin-walled shell 58 can be made of a non-conducting high performance composite material such as carbon-reinforced PEEK. - The pump-
side shaft 62 runs through the pump-side housing 44. Affixed to the base of the pump-side shaft 62 is the pump-side rotor 64 that has a plurality ofpermanent magnets 66, arranged in rings, mounted thereto. The plurality ofpermanent magnets 66 mounted to the pump-side rotor 64 are located at the same axial location as the plurality ofpermanent magnets 52 mounted to the motor-side rotor 54. - The plurality of
permanent magnets 52 within the motor-side housing 14 along with the plurality ofpermanent magnets 66 in the pump-side housing 44 act to create a magnetic field that enables the synchronous transmission of the rotating motion from the motor-side shaft 50 to the pump-side shaft 62. - As the motor-
side shaft 50 is rotated by operation of the sealedmotor 14, the motor-side rotor 54 rotates along with the affixed plurality ofpermanent magnets 52. Because the plurality ofpermanent magnets 52 of the motor-side rotor 54 are magnetically linked to the plurality ofpermanent magnets 66 of the pump-side rotor 64, the pump-side rotor 64 is forced to rotate resulting in rotation of the pump-side shaft 62 and the affixed pump shaft. The magnetic field runs through the thin-walled shell 58, eliminating any need for mechanical connection between the motor-side shaft 50 and the pump-side shaft 62, enabling themotor 14 to remain completely sealed. - The
magnetic coupling 40 of the sealedmotor system 10 is typically supported at either end by hydrodynamic bearings, such as plain journal bearings. Where space permits, bearings such as tilt-pad, lemon bore, and offset bearings can be used to advantage at either end of themagnetic coupling 40. - As the length of the
coupling 40 increases to accommodate higher power requirements of the sealedmotor system 10, it may be necessary to provide one or more intermediate bearing supports 94 to enhance the dynamic stability of thecoupling 40. In one embodiment, where space permits, bearings such as tilt-pad, lemon bore, and offset bearings can be used to advantage as the intermediate bearing supports 94. - In additional embodiments, intermediate bearings supports 94 such as that illustrated in
FIG. 11 can be used to enhance the dynamic stability of themagnetic coupling 40. In this embodiment, the intermediate bearing supports 94 are comprised generally of threeintermediate bearings - The first
intermediate bearing 96 is located between the rotatable motor-side shaft 50 and the stationary thin-walled shell 58. Thestationary sleeve 97 b of the firstintermediate bearing 96 is affixed to the thin-walled shell 58 while the rotatableinterior surface 97 a is located proximate the motor-side shaft 50. - The second
intermediate bearing 98 is located between the stationary thin-walled shell 58 and the rotatable pump-side rotor 64 that is connected to the pump-side shaft 62. The secondintermediate bearing 98 is concentric with the firstintermediate bearing 96 and located at the same axial location. Thestationary sleeve 99 a of the secondintermediate bearing 98 is affixed to the thin-walled shell 58 while its rotatableexterior surface 99 b is located proximate the pump-side rotor 64. - The third
intermediate bearing 100 is located between the rotatable pump-side rotor 64 and the stationary pump-side housing 44. The thirdintermediate bearing 100 is comprised of astationary sleeve 101 b affixed to the pump-side housing 44 and a rotatinginterior surface 101 a proximate the pump-side rotor 64. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 11 , the thirdintermediate bearing 100 is located at the same axial location as the first and secondintermediate bearings intermediate bearing 100 can be located anywhere along the length of the pump-side rotor 64. One such example is shown inFIG. 12 . - Another embodiment of an
intermediate bearing support 94 is described with reference toFIG. 13 . In this embodiment, enhanced stability of themagnetic coupling 40 is achieved by creating an elliptical surface in the thin-walled shell 58. The elliptical shape in theshell 58 can be achieved by using abearing 102 having anelliptical hole 104 bored into the bearingportion 106 that contacts theshell 58. The elliptical shape of theshell 58 has stabilizing effects similar to hydrodynamic bearings that enhance stability (e.g., tilt-pad, lemon bore, offset bearings). -
FIG. 14 provides a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the sealedmotor system 10 where themagnetic coupling 40 is integral with the sealedmotor 14 and theprotector 26. The internal components of themagnetic coupling 40 remain as described above, but are not housed within a separate coupling housing. Rather, the internal components in this embodiment are housed within the lower portion of theprotector housing 108 and the upper portion of themotor housing 46. As such, themotor housing 46 can be affixed directly to theprotector housing 108. - One advantage of this embodiment is that the torque is supplied through the components of the
magnetic coupling 40 directly from themotor shaft 110 to the shaft of theprotector 112. - In additional embodiments of the sealed
motor system 10, theprotector 26 can be eliminated altogether by carrying the thrust load in either the sealedmotor 14 or thepump 12. In such case, the sealedmotor 14 can be affixed directly to thepump 12. - The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such are intended to be included within the scope of the following non-limiting claims.
Claims (20)
1. A system for pumping fluids from a wellbore, comprising:
a motor having a motor shaft rotated by the motor around an axis, the motor shaft coupled to at least one driving magnet;
an expansion chamber in communication with the motor, the expansion chamber adapted to substantially equalize the internal pressure of the motor with the external pressure of the wellbore; and
a pump having a pump shaft coupled to at least one driven magnet,
wherein the pump is operated by rotation of the motor shaft and the at least one driving magnet to cause rotation of the at least one driven magnet and the pump shaft.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the motor and pump are deployed in the wellbore.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one driving magnet comprises a plurality of driving magnets arranged in axially spaced rings disposed about the axis.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one driven magnet comprises a plurality of driven magnets arranged in axially spaced rows concentric with the plurality of driving magnets.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a shell disposed between the at least one driving magnet of the motor shaft and the at least one driven magnet of the pump shaft.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the shell prevents fluid communication between the motor and the pump.
7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the shell seals the motor from well fluids.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the expansion chamber comprises a flexible element housed within a pressurized chamber.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the expansion chamber comprises a bellows.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the expansion chamber comprises a piston.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the expansion chamber comprises a bellows affixed to a flexible element, the flexible element having an exterior surface in communication with wellbore fluid.
12. The system of claim 5 , further comprising an intermediate bearing disposed between the motor shaft and the shell.
13. The system of claim 5 , further comprising an intermediate bearing disposed between the shell and the pump shaft.
14. The system of claim 5 , further comprising an intermediate bearing disposed between the pump shaft and an exterior housing.
15. The system of claim 5 , further comprising:
an intermediate bearing disposed between the motor shaft and the shell;
an intermediate bearing disposed between the shell and the pump shaft; and
an intermediate bearing disposed between the pump shaft and an exterior housing.
16. A sealed motor system for use in a submersible pumping system, comprising:
a motor;
a motor housing adapted to seal the motor from the surrounding environment;
a submersible pump;
a magnetic coupling adapted to transmit torque to the submersible pump by magnetic fields acting through the motor housing; and
a protector disposed between the magnetic coupling and the submersible pump.
17. The sealed motor system of claim 16 , wherein the magnetic coupling comprises rotors housing one or more permanent magnets.
18. The sealed motor system of claim 16 , wherein the motor housing comprises a thin-walled shell made of a high strength non-magnetic material.
19. The sealed motor system of claim 19 , wherein the motor housing comprises a thin-walled shell made of a non-conducting composite material.
20. The sealed motor system of claim 20 , wherein the non-conducting composite material is carbon-reinforced PEEK.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/905,560 US20050089419A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2005-01-11 | Sealed ESP Motor System |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US34278601P | 2001-12-21 | 2001-12-21 | |
US10/321,241 US6863124B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-17 | Sealed ESP motor system |
US10/905,560 US20050089419A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2005-01-11 | Sealed ESP Motor System |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/321,241 Continuation US6863124B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-17 | Sealed ESP motor system |
Publications (1)
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US20050089419A1 true US20050089419A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
Family
ID=26982879
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US10/905,560 Abandoned US20050089419A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2005-01-11 | Sealed ESP Motor System |
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US10/321,241 Expired - Lifetime US6863124B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-17 | Sealed ESP motor system |
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US (2) | US6863124B2 (en) |
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DE (1) | DE10261079B4 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2627996C (en) | 2011-07-26 |
US20030132003A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
CA2651809C (en) | 2011-05-17 |
DE10261079B4 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
CA2651809A1 (en) | 2003-06-21 |
CA2651812C (en) | 2011-05-17 |
CA2627996A1 (en) | 2003-06-21 |
DE10261079A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
US6863124B2 (en) | 2005-03-08 |
CA2651812A1 (en) | 2003-06-21 |
CA2414691A1 (en) | 2003-06-21 |
CA2414691C (en) | 2009-04-07 |
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