US20050082391A1 - External mix spray urethane process and nozzle used therefor - Google Patents
External mix spray urethane process and nozzle used therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050082391A1 US20050082391A1 US10/905,348 US90534804A US2005082391A1 US 20050082391 A1 US20050082391 A1 US 20050082391A1 US 90534804 A US90534804 A US 90534804A US 2005082391 A1 US2005082391 A1 US 2005082391A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- spray
- mold
- central
- hollow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C39/12—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
- B29C39/123—Making multilayered articles
- B29C39/126—Making multilayered articles by casting between two preformed layers, e.g. deformable layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
- B05B7/061—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with several liquid outlets discharging one or several liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
- B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets
- B05B7/0846—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets with jets being only jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
- B29B7/7404—Mixing devices specially adapted for foamable substances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
- B29B7/7438—Mixing guns, i.e. hand-held mixing units having dispensing means
- B29B7/7452—Mixing guns, i.e. hand-held mixing units having dispensing means for mixing components by spraying them into each other; for mixing by intersecting sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
- B29B7/7457—Mixing heads without moving stirrer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
- B29C67/246—Moulding high reactive monomers or prepolymers, e.g. by reaction injection moulding [RIM], liquid injection moulding [LIM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
- B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
- B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
- B05B13/0431—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with spray heads moved by robots or articulated arms, e.g. for applying liquid or other fluent material to 3D-surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2083/00—Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
- B29K2083/005—LSR, i.e. liquid silicone rubbers, or derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
Definitions
- a method for forming an article comprises applying a mold release agent in a mold, applying an in-mold coating onto the mold and then spraying first and second components of a polyurethane system into the space above the mold.
- the first and second components are sprayed from separate nozzles so that the first and second components mix initially in the space above the mold and are then deposited in the mold and onto the in-mold coating.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a robot having a nozzle for externally mixing compositions used to form a polyurethane article according to the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of an alternative external mixing nozzle used to form a polyurethane coating
- the components are preferably sprayed at pressures of about 100 to 2,000 psi, more preferably about 500 to about 1,000 psi, and most preferably about 500 to 700 psi. In certain embodiments, the components contact each other preferably at about 0.5 to about 0.15 meters above the mold 24 and most preferably about 0.100 meters above the mold 24 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/295,111, filed Nov. 15, 2002.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to forming polyurethane articles in a spray forming process.
- 2. Background Art
- Over time, polyurethane materials have been developed and implemented in processes used in manufacturing articles. For example, in the manufacture of automotive interior components, it has been proposed to form such components by spraying a gellified polyurethane material into a mold to form a skin that is later placed in a polyurethane foam forming mold and filled with structural polyurethane foam to form at least part of a finished part. One such gellified polyurethane foam skin, as proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,071,683, is formed by combining a mixture of polyurethane reactants that is mixed under pressure in a spray gun and then sprayed as a mixture by a single nozzle in the form of a film and/or drops.
- In the '683 patent, a mixing chamber in the spray gun has an input for polyol and isocyanate components in which the polyol and the isocyanate are mixed in the mixing chamber with a high speed counter-current that is then dispensed through a nozzle. The nozzle is designed to form a truncated cone shaped spray that breaks apart into droplets prior to being deposited on a surface. This approach to form a gellified polyurethane skin suffers from the disadvantage of requiring frequent purging of the mix gun. Purging the reactants wastes expensive polymer materials. The system also requires solvent flushing because the polyol and the isocyanate mix within the mix head or nozzle causing the system to become clogged or blocked.
- With an internal mixing system, the polyol and the isocyanate reactants are mixed at high pressure requiring the system to be designed to withstand high pressures to provide a good internal mix of the polyol and isocyanate. This design can result in nozzles being partially or completely plugged. In addition, high pressure operation results in increased wear and tear on the spray line equipment. High pressure pumps required for an internal mixing system are considerably more costly than systolic, diaphragm, or gear pumps that may be used in lower pressure systems. Spray tips based on this concept is limited in amount of output that can be delivered and, therefore, may lead to increased cycle times.
- In summary, prior art internal mix systems are more costly due to raw material waste, waste of solvents for cleaning spray equipment, and increased machinery costs due to high pressure system components. Prior art internal mixing systems also require longer cycle times due to the time required to purge material from the system and flush the system with solvent.
- These and other problems are addressed by applicant's invention as summarized below.
- According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of forming a polyurethane skin is provided. The method includes dispensing a first composition used to form a polyurethane skin into an open area, and dispensing a second composition used to form the polyurethane skin into the open area so that it contacts the first composition. The first and second compositions react to form a polyurethane composition that, when cured, is incorporated into the polyurethane article made according to the method.
- According to other aspects of the invention, the steps of dispensing the first and second composition are performed by spraying the first and second compositions through separate nozzles. The nozzle may spray in a substantially fan-shaped pattern or, alternatively, may be sprayed with one of the compositions being sprayed in one spray pattern and the second composition being sprayed in a second spray pattern that intersects with the first spray pattern. The spray pattern may be two fan shaped spray patterns or two hollow conical spray patterns that mix external to the spray head and intersect above the mold. The first and second compositions may be an isocyanate or a polyol. The first and second compositions may be sprayed together prior to being deposited on a mold. The method may also include applying an in-mold coating prior to dispensing the components. The in-mold coating may be a pigmented ultraviolet light resistant coating. A mold release compound may be applied to the mold before the step of applying the in-mold coating.
- According to another aspect of the invention, a method for forming an article is provided that comprises applying a mold release agent in a mold, applying an in-mold coating onto the mold and then spraying first and second components of a polyurethane system into the space above the mold. The first and second components are sprayed from separate nozzles so that the first and second components mix initially in the space above the mold and are then deposited in the mold and onto the in-mold coating.
- According to another aspect of the invention, the method of forming an article may also comprise allowing the first and second components to react with one another to form a polyurethane skin that is bonded to the in-mold coating. The skin is then removed from the mold and inserted into a second mold. A polyurethane foam is then injected into the second mold and onto the skin. The polyurethane foam is permitted to cure in the second mold and bond to the skin prior to being removed from the second mold. The method of forming an article may also include the further step of inserting a reinforcement into the second mold before injecting the polyurethane foam. The polyurethane foam is allowed to cure and bonds to the reinforcement and the skin.
- According to another aspect of the invention a post-mix spray nozzle assembly is provided for forming intersecting coaxial hollow conical spray patterns that can be used to form a polyurethane skin. The spray nozzle includes a central nozzle connected to a first liquid source forming a hollow conical spray pattern. An annular nozzle is coaxially oriented with the central nozzle forming a second hollow conical spray pattern of a second liquid. The two hollow conical spray patterns intersect in space remote from the nozzles forming a hollow generally conical spray pattern.
- These and other aspects of the present invention will be better understood in view of the attached drawings and the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
-
FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a robot having a nozzle for externally mixing compositions used to form a polyurethane article according to the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the nozzle and a mold used to form a polyurethane article in the mold according to the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of one embodiment of a spray gun that may be used to form a polyurethane article according to the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the nozzle and spray tip portion of the gun shown inFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 5 is an end view of a spray tip made according to the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of a spray tip made according to the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of an alternative external mixing nozzle used to form a polyurethane coating; -
FIG. 8 is a spray pattern formed by the mixing nozzle ofFIG. 7 ; and -
FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the mixing nozzle ofFIG. 7 . - Referring now to
FIG. 1 , arobot arm 10 having aspray head 12 on itsdistal end 14 is shown. While the preferred embodiment has been developed in the context of a robotic system, other systems could be used including a manual spray or non-robotic automated spray system. Thespray gun 12 may take many forms but as depicted is a metal wand having passageways for directing fluid to amulti-nozzle tip 16. - In the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2 , the multi-nozzletip spray gun 12 is shown to include acentral nozzle 16 that is used to spray afirst component 18. A pair of inwardly directedoutboard nozzles 20 spraysecond component 22 in a converging pattern directed toward thefirst component 18. The first andsecond component sprays mold 24 having amold surface 26 on which the first andsecond component sprays - The components are preferably sprayed at pressures of about 100 to 2,000 psi, more preferably about 500 to about 1,000 psi, and most preferably about 500 to 700 psi. In certain embodiments, the components contact each other preferably at about 0.5 to about 0.15 meters above the
mold 24 and most preferably about 0.100 meters above themold 24. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 4 , thespray gun 12 is shown dispensing thefirst component spray 18 zero degrees from thecentral nozzle 16 and two separate spray patterns of thesecond component spray 22 are sprayed by the two inwardly directedoutboard nozzles 20 at an angle of between 20 to 60° and preferably between 28 to 35°. The first andsecond component sprays area 30 that is external to thespray gun 12. After passing through the mixingarea 30 approximately 0.006 and 0.013 meters from center spray orifice, the first andsecond component sprays mold surface 26. - The
spray gun 12 is moved through a path of movement illustrated byphantom line 34 inFIG. 2 and also translates across the mold surface so that apolyurethane skin 36 having an approximate thickness 0.80 to 1.20 mm, preferably 1.00 mm is formed by mixing first andsecond component sprays mold surface 26 is preferably first coated with a pigmented in-mold UVresistant coating 38 that has an approximate thickness of 0.80 to 1.2 mils, preferably 1.0 mil to provide a polyurethane skin having a desired color on its external surface. The external surface is formed by the in-mold coating 38 that is first applied to themold surface 26. A mold release agent is preferably applied to themold surface 26 prior to application of the in-mold coating 38 but is not visible in the drawing because it is a thin coating applied only to facilitate removal of thepolyurethane skin 36 and in-mold coating 38. - The
polyurethane skin 36 is later inserted in a polyurethane foam forming mold along with a reinforcement (not shown). Structural foam is then injected into the foam forming mold. The structural foam may be a polyurethane based foam. The foam bonds to theskin 36 and reinforcement to form a finished polyurethane article having a flexible skin adhered to its surface. - Referring now to
FIGS. 4 and 5 , thespray gun 12 is shown in greater detail. Thespray gun 12 includes avalve body 50 for housing anisocyanate valve 52 and apolyol valve 54. Theisocyanate valve 52 provides isocyanate to acentral tube 56 that extends the length of thespray gun 12. Thepolyol valve 54 provides a polyol composition to at least oneperipheral tube 58 disposed aroundtube 56. Theperipheral tube 58 extends the length of thespray gun 12. It should be understood that more than one tube could be provided and that the polyol and isocyanate components could be supplied by the opposite tubes. Thecentral tube 56 may be sealed from the polyol by means of an O-ring 62. The multi-nozzletip spray gun 12 includes acentral nozzle 16 andoutboard nozzles 20. Thecentral nozzle 16, as shown, includes afan spray slot 64 that directs the isocyanate into a fan spray pattern. Theoutboard nozzles 20 also preferably sprayed in a fan shaped pattern or other pattern that facilitates mixing of the isocyanate and polyol externally relative to thespray gun 12. - Referring now to
FIG. 6 , the multi-nozzletip spray gun 12 is shown to include amanifold plate 66 having acentral hole 68 in which thecentral tube 56 is inserted that supplies the isocyanate, or component one, to thecontrol nozzle 16.Peripheral holes 70 direct polyol, orcomponent 22, tooutboard nozzles 20.Central nozzle 16 is disposed at a right angle relative to the length of thecentral tube 56. Thecentral nozzle 16, as illustrated, protrudes from themulti-nozzle spray gun 12 but could also be flush with or recessed relative thereto. Polyol is directed through theperipheral tube 58 to themulti-nozzle tip 16 where it is directed through the twooutboard nozzles 20. - Referring now to
FIGS. 7-9 , an alternativeexternal mixing nozzle 70 is illustrated. Mixingnozzle 70 simultaneously sprays two liquid components which mix in air after exiting the nozzle. Thenozzle assembly 70 has acentral nozzle 72 for spraying a first mixing component and a generally circum axial annularsecond nozzle 74 for spraying a second mixing component. In the case of making a polyurethane article, one of thenozzles Central nozzle 72 forms a generallyfrustoconical spray pattern 76 that is generally hollow with the spray liquid concentrated in the surface of the frustoconical shape.Annular orifice 74 forms a generally coaxially alignedfrustoconical spray pattern 78. The cone angle of theinner cone 74 is greater then the cone angle of theouter cone 78 causing the two spray patterns to intersect in mid air after leaving the respective central andannular orifices FIG. 8 . - A cross-sectional view of a
representative mixing nozzle 70 is illustrated inFIG. 9 . Mixingnozzle 70 has anozzle body 80 having two internal passages, one for each of the two liquids to be mixed. The firstinternal passage 82 suppliescentral orifice 72.Central orifice 72 is formed bypintel 84 andorifice 86 which are attached tonozzle body 80 in a conventional manner. Thefrustoconical spray pattern 76, which is formed by thecentral orifice 72, deviates from the nozzle center line by an angle θ as is illustrated.Nozzle body 80 additionally has a second internal passage 88 that opens intoannular reservoir 90 within the nozzle assembly.Annular reservoir 90 communicates with theannular orifice 74 which is coaxially aligned with thecentral orifice 72 and spray axis CL.Annular orifice 74 is formed by a pair ofremovable ring elements Annular orifice 74 forms afrustoconical spray pattern 78 which deviates from the common center line CL by an angle β which less then angle θ. Accordingly, the twospray patterns - The mixing
nozzle 70 is capable of forming a hollowcircular spray pattern 96 that is made of both finely mixed particles of the two liquid components sprayed. Making both the spray orifices coaxial has a further benefit of eliminating the registration problems resulting when two fan shaped paths are mixed in mid air. If the fan shaped spray patterns are not the same width at the point of intersection or if they are shifted slightly relative to one another, a zone may exist where the mixing ratio for the two components deviates from the desired. By forming the fan pattern into an endless loop spray, registration problems can be minimized. Of course with this nozzle embodiment as with all spray nozzles spraying two components, it is important that spraying of the two liquids be initiated and terminated simultaneously to avoid mixing ratio variations. - While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/905,348 US20050082391A1 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2004-12-29 | External mix spray urethane process and nozzle used therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/295,111 US6872337B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | External mix spray urethane process and nozzle used therefor |
US10/905,348 US20050082391A1 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2004-12-29 | External mix spray urethane process and nozzle used therefor |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/295,111 Division US6872337B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | External mix spray urethane process and nozzle used therefor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20050082391A1 true US20050082391A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
Family
ID=32297110
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/295,111 Expired - Fee Related US6872337B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | External mix spray urethane process and nozzle used therefor |
US10/905,348 Abandoned US20050082391A1 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2004-12-29 | External mix spray urethane process and nozzle used therefor |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/295,111 Expired - Fee Related US6872337B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-11-15 | External mix spray urethane process and nozzle used therefor |
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US (2) | US6872337B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10320341A1 (en) |
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US10702876B2 (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2020-07-07 | Konstantin Dragan | System, composition, and method for dispensing a sprayable foamable product |
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CN106560314B (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2020-09-29 | 施乐公司 | System and method for orthogonally arranging ejectors in a three-dimensional object printer |
WO2018010809A1 (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | Transitions Optical, Ltd. | Apparatus and method for precision coating of ophthalmic lenses with photochromic coatings |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040094865A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
US6872337B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 |
DE10320341A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
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