US20050022599A1

US20050022599A1 - Acceleration measurement method using electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor

Info

Publication number: US20050022599A1
Application number: US10/925,916
Authority: US
Inventors: Tamito Suzuki
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Yamaha Corp
Priority date: 2003-03-03
Filing date: 2004-08-26
Publication date: 2005-02-03
Anticipated expiration: 2024-03-01
Also published as: US7150192B2

Abstract

An acceleration measurement method adapted to an electostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor comprising a first capacitance detector and a second capacitance detector both of which have moving electrodes and fixed electrodes arranged on a substrate surface so that facing areas therebetween are varied in response to input acceleration, wherein said second capacitance detector sets the facing areas between the moving electrodes and the fixed electrodes to be larger than those of the first capacitance detector when the input acceleration is zero, If first acceleration information representing capacitance variations detected between the moving electrodes and fixed electrodes in the first capacitance detector exceed an upper limit value that is set in advance with respect to the first capacitance detector, it outputs second acceleration information representing capacitance variations detected between the moving electrodes and the fixed electrodes in the second capacitance detector. If not, it outputs the first acceleration information.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part application based on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/790,440 filed on Mar. 1, 2004, and priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2003-055562 filed on Mar. 3, 2003 and 2004-058504 filed on Mar. 3, 2004, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to acceleration measurement methods using electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensors that detect accelerations based on variations in electrostatic capacity (or capacitance).
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a typical type of an electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor (as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Hei 7-260510) comprises a capacitance detector having a moving electrode and a fixed electrode, which are arranged opposite to each other such that a separating distance therebetween is varied in response to an input acceleration, wherein a switched-capacitor circuit converts capacitance variation due to displacement of the moving electrode into voltage variation so as to detect and output an acceleration signal, and wherein in order to broaden the detection range, a servo circuit is provided so as to hold the moving electrode at a neutral position by feeding back the acceleration signal.
Another type of the electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor (as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Hei 10-206457) comprises a moving electrode and a fixed electrode, which are arranged on a substrate surface such that a facing area therebetween is varied in response to an input acceleration, wherein based on the capacitance realized by the moving electrode and fixed electrode, the capacitance variation due to the displacement of the moving electrode is detected so as to produce an acceleration signal.
The acceleration sensor having the servo circuit makes it possible to broaden the detection range compared with the acceleration sensor not equipped with the servo circuit because the movement of the moving electrode is limited in response to the output of the servo circuit. However, the range of the acceleration realized by the servo circuit stabilizing the moving electrode is limited by the electrostatic attraction and the weight of the moving electrode; hence, it is not easy to broaden the detection range.
The acceleration sensor in which the facing area between the moving electrode and fixed electrode is varied provides only a single kind of variation characteristic with regard to the facing area responding to the input acceleration; hence, it is not easy to broaden the detection range.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide an acceleration measurement method using an electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor having a broadened acceleration detection range.
An electrostatic- capacity-type acceleration sensor comprises a plurality of capacitance detectors having pairs of moving electrodes and fixed electrodes that are arranged to face each other on the substrate surface, wherein facing areas are varied in response to an input acceleration. The capacitance detectors are constituted such that the facing areas between the moving electrodes and fixed electrodes differ from each other when the input acceleration is zero, so that each of the capacitance detectors produces an acceleration signal in response to the capacitance variation occurring between the paired electrodes thereof.
The acceleration sensor employs the aforementioned constitution adapted in each of the capacitance detectors in which the facing areas between the moving electrodes and fixed electrodes differ from each other so as to produce a variety of acceleration signals in response to capacitance variations occurring between the paired electrodes, it is possible to easily broaden the acceleration detection range for detecting the input acceleration by simply increasing the number of the capacitance detectors installed therein, wherein it is possible to provide each capacitance detector with a specific detection range suited thereto, thus realizing a high accuracy in the acceleration detection.
All of the moving electrodes provided for the capacitance detectors can be integrally formed together. Thus, it is possible to improve the integration of components and parts in the manufacturing of the acceleration sensor on the substrate surface by using the modem semiconductor manufacturing technology.
Each of the capacitance detectors comprises two pairs of moving electrodes and fixed electrodes, which are arranged in such a way that the facing area between the first moving electrode and first fixed electrode increases while the facing area between the second moving electrode and second fixed electrode decreases in response to the same input acceleration, whereby it produces an acceleration signal in response to a ratio or a difference between the first capacitance actualized between the first moving electrode and first fixed electrode and the second capacitance actualized between the second moving electrode and second fixed electrode. Thus, it is possible to noticeably improve the detection sensitivity in each of the capacitance detectors because the acceleration signal can be precisely produced in response to the ratio or difference between the two types of the capacitance.
In addition, the capacitance detectors can be constituted such that one capacitance detector has a relatively small facing area between the paired electrodes so as to produce an acceleration signal in response to a relatively small input acceleration, and the other capacitance detector has a relatively large facing area between the paired electrodes so as to produce an acceleration signal in response to a relatively large input acceleration. Thus, it is possible to detect the input acceleration with a high sensitivity in a relatively broad detection range.
An acceleration measurement method using an electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor according to this invention is adapted to the system comprising first and second capacitance detectors each having a pair of a moving electrode and a fixed electrode in which the facing area between the paired electrodes in the second capacitance detector is set to be larger than the facing area between the paired electrodes in the first capacitance detector when an input acceleration is zero, a first detection means for producing first acceleration information in response to capacitance variation occurring between the moving electrode and fixed electrode in the first capacitance detector, and a second detection means for producing second acceleration information in response to capacitance variation occurring between the moving electrode and fixed electrode in the second capacitance detector.
The acceleration measurement method of this invention comprises an input step for inputting the first acceleration information and the second acceleration information from the first detection means and the second detection means respectively, a decision step for making a decision as to whether or not the first acceleration information exceeds the upper-limit value of detection that is determined in advance with respect to the first capacitance detector, and an output step for outputting the first acceleration information when the decision step produces a negative result and for outputting the second acceleration information when the decision step produces an affirmative result.
The aforementioned acceleration measurement method can be implemented in the form of programs executed in a computer.
According to the acceleration measurement method of this invention, it is possible for the acceleration measurement device to actualize high-accuracy acceleration measurement in the relatively broad range of detection and to avoid occurrence of detection error due to noise.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other objects, aspects, and embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A shows a schematic arrangement of electrodes in a capacitance detector in which facing areas between moving electrodes and fixed electrodes are decreased in response to acceleration;
FIG. 1B shows a schematic arrangement of electrodes in a capacitance detector in which facing areas between moving electrodes and fixed electrodes are increased in response to acceleration;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing curves K₁to K₈representing relationships between the input acceleration and capacitance varying ratio (C_U/C_D) with respect to various electrode overlap values (L);
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a layout of parts constituting an electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an acceleration measuring circuit using the electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing curves J₁to J₅representing relationships between the input acceleration and capacitance varying ratio (C_U/C_D) with respect to various electrode overlap values (L);
FIG; 6 is a block diagram showing an acceleration measurement device using an electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor having characteristics shown in FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing steps implemented in acceleration measurement.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

This invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIGS. 1A and 1B show examples of arrangements of electrodes in capacitance detectors used for an electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein FIG 1A shows an arrangement of electrodes in the facing area decreasing side, and FIG. 1B shows an arrangement of electrodes in the facing area increasing side. With reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the operating principle of the electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor will be described.
In FIGS. 1A and 1B, each of moving electrodes M₁to M₄has a rectangular shape in which the length is set to ‘2L’ and the width is set to a certain value. Herein, the moving electrodes M₁and M₃are arranged along a dashed line L₁in parallel with a prescribed distance therebetween such that the centers in their length directions match the dashed line L₁. Similarly, the moving electrodes M₂and M₄are arranged along a dashed line L₂in parallel with a prescribed distance therebetween such that the centers in their length directions match the dashed line L₂. The dashed lines L₁and L₂are drawn in parallel with each other. In FIG. A, the moving electrodes M₁and M₂are arranged in parallel with an electrode pitch ‘4L’ therebetween. In FIG. 1B, the moving electrodes M₃and M₄are arranged in parallel with an electrode pitch ‘4L’ therebetween. Each of the moving electrodes M₁to M₄has a deadweight function, so that they can be collectively subjected to displacement in left-right directions with respect to the drawing sheet of FIGS. 1A and 1B in response to an input acceleration while maintaining the aforementioned relationship of arrangement.
In FIG. 1A, fixed electrodes S₁and S₂are respectively arranged under the moving electrodes M₁and M₂, wherein the fixed electrode S₁is arranged to oppositely face the left-half portion (whose length is ‘L’) of the moving electrode M₁, and the fixed electrode S₂is arranged to oppositely face the left-half portion (whose length is ‘L’) of the moving electrode M₂. For the sake of convenience, the fixed electrodes S₁and S₂are drawn not to overlap with the moving electrodes M₁and M₂in FIG. 1A. Similarly, in FIG. 1B, fixed electrodes S₃and S₄are respectively arranged under the moving electrodes M₃and M₄, wherein the fixed electrode S₃is arranged to oppositely face the right-half portion (whose length is ‘L’) of the moving electrode M₃, and the fixed electrode S₄is arranged to oppositely face the right-half portion (whose length is ‘L’) of the moving electrode M₄For the sake of convenience, the fixed electrodes S₃and S₄are drawn not to overlap with the moving electrodes M₃and M₄in FIG. 1B.
In the above, there are provided four pairs of the fixed electrodes and the moving electrodes oppositely facing each other, namely, M₁-S₁, M₂-S₂, M₃-S₃, and M₄-S₄, each pair of which realizes a certain capacitance. At 0G where the input acceleration is zero, each pair realizes the same capacitance ‘C₀’. Next, suppose that the input acceleration of 1G is applied on the moving electrodes M₁to M₄, all of which are moved rightwards as indicated by arrows in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and each of which is thus subjected to displacement by a distance ‘d’, the “paired” electrodes (i.e., M₁-S₁, and M₂-S₂) decrease the facing areas therebetween so that their capacitance decrease from C₀to C_Din FIG 1A, while the other “paired” electrodes (i.e., M₃-S₃, and M₄-S₄) increase the facing areas therebetween so that their capacitances increase from C₀to C_U. Therefore, when the input acceleration acting on the moving electrodes M₁to M₄becomes greater than 1G, the capacitance C_Dfurther decreases, and the capacitance C_Ufurther increases.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing relationships between the input acceleration and the capacitance varying ratio C_U/C_Dwith respect to various electrode overlap values, which are related to the electrode facing area ‘L’. That is, the graph of FIG. 2 provides eight curves K₁, K₂, K₃, K₄, K₅, K₆, K₇, and K₈, each of which shows the relationship between the input acceleration and the capacitance varying ratio C_U/C_Dwith regard to the electrode overlap value L, which is set to 0.5 μm, 0.75 μm, 1.0 μm, 1.25 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.0 μm, 2.5 μm, and 5.0 μm respectively.
According to the graph of FIG. 2, as the electrode overlap value L becomes greater, it becomes possible to detect ‘greater’ input acceleration. For this reason, the acceleration sensor of the present embodiment comprises a plurality of capacitance detectors having different electrode overlap values, each of which is adequately constituted to detect input acceleration in a certain detection range suited thereto. That is, a relatively small input acceleration can be detected using a capacitance detector whose electrode overlap value is relatively small, and a relatively large input acceleration is detected using a capacitance detector whose electrode overlap value is relatively large. Hence, it is possible to actualize a high sensitivity in detecting acceleration in a relatively broad range of detection.
With respect to each of the aforementioned curves (e.g., K₁), in order to avoid error detection due to noise, it is preferable not to use a certain region in which the capacitance varying ratio C_U/C_Dbecomes large so as to make variation sharp.
FIG. 3 shows an electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor 10 in accordance with the pruned embodiment of the invention.
In the acceleration sensor 10, a moving member MB having a deadweight function is arranged on the surface of a silicon substrate and is supported by four support members H₁to H₄at both sides thereof such that it can be subjected to displacement in a direction DS in parallel with the substrate surface. The ends of the support members H₁to 14 are fixed at prescribed positions by fixing members P₁to P₄respectively. Four moving electrodes M₁₁, M₂₁, M₂₄, and M₁₄are arranged on one side of the moving member MB and are projected in parallel with the substrate surface. In addition, four moving electrodes M₁₃, M₂₃, M₂₂, and M₁₂are arranged on the other side of the moving member MB and are projected in parallel with the substrate surface. All of the moving electrodes M₁₁to M₁₄have the same length projecting from the moving member MB, and all of the moving electrodes M₂₁, to M₂₄have the same length projecting from the moving member MB. In addition, all of the moving electrodes M₁₁to M₁₄have the same width, and all of the moving electrodes M₂₁to M₂₄have the same width that is greater than the width of the moving electrodes M₁₁to M₁₄.
All of the moving member MB, the moving electrodes M₁₁-M₁₄and M₂₁-M₂₄, and the support members H₁-H₄are integrally combined together as a single assembly. Such an assembly can be formed by patterning conductive layers, which are made of a semiconductor or a metal and are deposited on an insulating film covering the substrate surface, wherein after the patterning, the insulating film is removed to allow movements of the moving member MB, the moving electrodes M₁₁-M₁₄and M₁₂-M₂₄, and the support members H₁-H₄, for example. In addition, four fixing holes are formed at four fixing positions on the insulating film covering the substrate surface and are filled with conductive plugs, made of a semiconductor or a metal, thus forming the four fixing members P₁to P₄.
Four fixed electrodes S₁₁to S₁₄are arranged opposite to the moving electrodes M₁₁to M₁₄with relatively small facing areas therebetween, thus actualizing capacitances C₁₁to C₁₄having substantially the same value when the input acceleration is zero. In addition, four fixed electrodes S₂₁to S₂₄are arranged opposite to the moving electrodes M₂₁to M₂₄with relatively large facing areas therebetween, thus actualizing capacitances C₂₁to C₂₄having substantially the same value when the input acceleration is zero. Suppose that the moving member MB is subjected to displacement in the direction DS as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 4 (i.e., a forward direction in parallel with the sheet of FIG. 4), wherein the fixed electrodes S₁₁, S₁₂, S₂₁, and S₂₂are associated with the moving electrodes M₁₁, M₁₂, M₂₁, and M₂₂such that the facing areas therebetween are reduced so as to decrease the capacitances C₁₁, C₁₂, C₂₁, and C₂₂respectively, while the fixed electrodes S₁₃, S₁₄, S₂₃, and S₂₄are associated with the moving electrodes M₁₃, M₁₄, M₂₃, and M₂₄such that the facing areas therebetween are increased so as to increase the capacitances C₁₃, C₁₄, C₂₃, and C₂₄respectively. In FIG. 4, the capacitances C₁₁-C₁₄and C₂₁-C₂₄are associated with arrows, wherein a downward slanted arrow indicates that the corresponding capacitance is decreased, and an upward slanted arrow indicates that the corresponding capacitance is increased.
The aforementioned fixed electrodes S₁₁-S₁₄and S₂₁-S₂₄are formed by impurity-doped regions in which conductive impurities are selectively doped onto the substrate surface. Alternatively, they are formed by patterning conductive layers, made of a semiconductor or a metal, which are deposited on an insulating film covering the substrate surface.
Wiring layers W₁₁-W₁₄and W₂₁-W₂₄are respectively extended from the fixed electrodes S₁₁-S₁₄and S₂₁-S₂₄. The wiring layers W₁₁and W₁₂are interconnected with a detection line Ta via connection members Q₁₁and Q₁₂respectively. The wiring layers W₁₃and W₁₄are interconnected with a detection line Tb via connection members Q₁₃and Q₁₄respectively. The wiring layers W₂₁and W₂₂are interconnected with a detection line Tc via connection members Q₂₁and Q₂₂respectively. The wiring layers W₂₃and W₂₄are interconnected with a detection line Td via connection members Q₂₃and Q₂₄respectively The support member H₁is connected with a detection line Te.
The wiring layers W₁₁-W₁₄and W₂₁-W₂₄are formed by patterning such that their widths are reduced to be as small as possible in order to reduce parasitic capacitances thereof; the distances with the moving parts (i.e., MB, M₁₁-M₁₄, M₂₁-M₂₄) are increased to be as large as possible; and the electrode overlap values associated with the moving parts are reduced to be as small as possible. Similar to the fixed electrodes S₁₁-S₁₄and S₂₁-S₂₄, the wiring layers W₁₁-W₁₄and W₂₁-W₂₄are formed by impurity-doped regions or conductive layers subjected to patterning. Eight connection holes are formed at prescribed positions on the insulating film covering the substrate surface and are filled with conductive plugs, made of a semiconductor or a metal, thus actualizing the connection members Q₁₁-Q₁₄and Q₂₁-Q₂₄. Incidentally, the connection members (e.g., Q₁₁) can be formed by adopting the aforementioned treatment for use in the formation of the fixing members (e.g., P₁).
For example, after the wiring layers W₁₁-W₁₄and W₂₁-W₂₄are formed as impurity-doped regions, a first wiring layer forming process is performed on the insulating layer covering the substrate surface so as to form the fixed electrodes S₁₁-S₁₄and S₂₁-S₂₄; then, a second wiring layer forming process is performed on the insulating film covering the fixed electrodes S₁₁-S₁₄and S₂₁-S₂₄so as to form the moving member MB, the moving electrodes M₁₁-M₁₄and M₂₁-M₂₄, the support members H₁-H₄, and the detection lines Ta-Td. Thus, it is possible to increase distances between the wiring layers W₁₁-W₁₄and W₂₁-W₂₄and the moving parts (i.e., MB, M₁₁-M₁₄, M₂₁-M₂₄); hence, it becomes possible to reduce parasitic capacitances.
FIG. 4 shows an equivalent circuit of the acceleration sensor 10 shown in FIG. 3; specifically, it shows an example of an acceleration measuring circuit using the acceleration sensor 10 shown In FIG. 3. The acceleration measuring circuit of FIG. 4 is designed to measure the input acceleration in a range between 0G and 8G as shown in FIG. 2, wherein the curve K₇is used for the measurement of a relatively small input acceleration that ranges from 0G to 4G, and the curve K₈is used for the measurement of a relatively large input acceleration that ranges from 4G to 8G. Specifically, in a range R₁wherein 0G ≦ input acceleration ≦4G, compared with the curve K₈, the curve K₇provides a greater value of the capacitance varying ratio C_U/C_D, which in turn actualizes a high accuracy in measurement. In a range R₂where 4G < input acceleration≦8G, the curve K₇includes a measurement-incapable region and is not used in measurement, whereas the curve K₈is suitable in measurement. In order to avoid error detection due to noise, it is necessary not to use a sharp varying region of the curve K₇with respect to the range R₁, and it is necessary not to use a sharp varying region of the curve K₈with respect to the great input acceleration over 8G, wherein these regions are excluded from the measurement.
A detection circuit 12A is connected with the detection lines Ta, Tb, and Te; and a detection circuit 12B is connected with the detection lines Tc, Td, and Te. Suppose that the capacitance varying characteristic of the capacitance detector, including the capacitances C₁₁to C₁₄, against the input acceleration is shown by the curve K₇shown in FIG. 2, while the capacitance varying characteristic of the capacitance detector, including the capacitances C₂₁to C₂₄, against the input acceleration is shown by the curve K₈shown in FIG. 2, for example. Herein, the capacitance varying ratio C_U/C_Dis calculated using C₁₁-C₁₄and C₂₁-C₂₄as follows: $\frac{C_{13} + C_{14}}{C_{11} + C_{12}}$ $\frac{C_{23} + C_{24}}{C_{21} + C_{22}}$
With reference to the capacitance varying characteristic of the curve K₇, the detection circuit 12A produces an acceleration signal AS₁representing the voltage related to a ratio (or a difference) between (C₁₃+C₁₄) and (C₁₁+C₁₂). With reference to the capacitance varying characteristic of the curve K₈, the detection circuit 12B produces an acceleration signal AS₂representing the voltage related to a ratio (or a difference) between (C₂₃+C₂₄) and (C₂₁+C₂₂). The acceleration signal AS₁is increased in level as the input acceleration increases from 0G. The acceleration signal AS₂is set such that it substantially matches the acceleration signal AS₁in level at the input acceleration of 4G, and it is further increased from that level as the input acceleration increases from 4G.
A selector 14 has terminals A and B for receiving signals as well as a select terminal SB. Herein, the selector 14 selectively outputs the acceleration signal SA₁when SB is low (or at ‘0’), while it selectively outputs a signal SO₂, which is output from a selector 18, when SB is high (or at ‘1’). A comparator 16 compares the acceleration signal AS₁with reference voltage V_R1so as to produce a comparison output CO₁, which is supplied to the select terminal SB of the selector 14. That is, the comparator 16 outputs CO₁=0 when AS₁≦V_R1; and it outputs CO₁=1 when AS₁>V_R1.
The prescribed voltage related to the capacitance varying ratio C_U/C_D, which is read from the curve K₇in FIG. 2 when the input acceleration is 4G, is given as the reference voltage V_R1supplied to the comparator 16. As a result, the selector 14 provides a selection output SO₁corresponding to the acceleration signal AS₁, which is produced in response to the input acceleration in the range R₁where 0G ≦input acceleration≦4G.
The selector 18 has terminals A and B for receiving signals as well as a select terminal SB. That is, the selector 18 selectively outputs the acceleration signal SA₂when SB is low (or at ‘0’), while it selectively outputs an out-of-range signal ASx representing that the input acceleration is out of the measurement range when SB is high (or at ‘1’). A comparator 20 compares the acceleration signal AS₂with a reference voltage VR₂so as to provide a comparison output CO₂to the select terminal SB of the selector 18. That is, the comparator 20 outputs CO₂=0 when AS₂≦V_R2; and it outputs CO₂=1 when AS₂>V_R2.
The prescribed voltage related to the capacitance varying ratio C_U/C_D, which is read from the curve K₈in FIG. 2 when the input acceleration is 8G is given as the reference voltage V_R2supplied to the comparator 20. As a result, the selector 18 provides a selection output SO₂corresponding to the acceleration signal AS₂, which is produced in response to the input acceleration in the range R₂where 4G <input acceleration≦8G. In this case, the selector 14 is set so as to select the terminal B for receiving the selection output SO₂of the selector 18 in response to the comparison output CO₁of the comparator 16; hence, the selector 14 provides the selection output SO₁corresponding to the acceleration signal AS₂.
When the acceleration signal AS₂exceeds the reference voltage V_R2(where AS₂>V_R2), the comparison output CO₂of the comparator 20 turns to ‘1’; hence, the selector 18 provides the selection output SO₂corresponding to the out-of-range signal ASx. In this case, the selector 14 is set so as to select the terminal B for receiving the selection output SO₂of the selector 18; hence, it provides the selection output SO₁corresponding to the out-of-range signal Asx. An acceleration display (not shown) is provided to display an acceleration based on the acceleration signal AS₁or AS₂and to also display a message that the input acceleration is out of the measurement range in response to the out-of-range signal ASx.
The aforementioned acceleration measuring circuit of FIG. 4 is designed to perform measurement at a high accuracy with respect to a relatively broad range of 0G ≦input acceleration≦8G, which is realized by the combination of the aforementioned ranges R₁and R₂. Herein, the measurement regarding the input acceleration is performed by excluding sharp varying regions of the curves K₇and K₈shown in FIG. 2; hence, it is possible to reliably avoid occurrence of error detection due to noise. The acceleration measuring circuit of FIG. 4 is designed selectively using two curves K₇and K₈within the eight curves K₁to K₈shown in FIG. 2. Of course, it is possible to easily modify the acceleration measuring circuit using three or more curves.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the input acceleration and capacitance varying ratio C_U/C_Din other examples of electrostatic-capacitance-type acceleration sensors using various electrode overlap values.
The electrostatic-capacitance-type acceleration sensors having characteristics of FIG. 5 are characterized in that the electrode displacement is set to 0.5 μm when the input acceleration is 1G, so that the electrode displacement d is varied linearly in response to the input acceleration. Herein, various electrode overlap values L are gradually increased in the order of L₁, L₂, L₃, . . . L_n, wherein L_n=L_n−1+1 (where L₀=0) [μm]. The graph of FIG. 5 present five curves J₁to J₅, each showing the capacitance varying ratio C_U/C_D(=(L+d)/(L−d)), with respect to n=1 to n=5 in the input acceleration range of 0G to 8G. Specifically, the curves J₁, J₂, J₃, J₄, and J₅show variations of the capacitance varying ratio (L+d)/(L−d) with respect to L₁=1 μm, L₂=2 μm, L₃=3 μm, L₄=4 μm, and L₅=5 μm respectively.
When the electrode displacement d approaches the electrode width, the capacitance varying ratio (L+d)/(L−d) rapidly increases as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 5 so as to diverge. Herein, a prescribed upper limit value is set to the electrode displacement d with respect to each curve, whereby acceleration measurement is performed by changing over characteristics from one curve to another in such a way that when the electrode displacement d exceeds the upper limit value of the curve J₁, it proceeds to the next curve J₂; then, when the electrode displacement d exceeds the upper limit value of the curve J₂, it proceeds to the next curve J₃. That is, prescribed upper limit values are set to electrode displacements such as d₁0.9 μm, d₂=1.9 μm, d₃=2.9 μm, . . . Herein, threshold T_nfor changing over the capacitance varying ratio C_U/C_Dfrom one curve to another is expressed as follows: $T_{n} = \frac{L_{n} + d_{n}}{L_{n} - d_{n}} = T_{n - 1} + 20$

Using the aforementioned formula, it is possible to set the threshold T_nin relation to the electrode overlap value L_nand the upper limit value d_nfor the electrode displacement d. Specifically, FIG. 5 describes thresholds T₁=19, T₂=39, T₃=59, and T₄=79 being set with respect to the curves J₁, J₂, J₃, and J₄respectively. Table 1 shows relationships between L_n, d_n, and T_n.

TABLE 1


	Upper Limit	Threshold
Electrode	Value Of	For Capaci-
Overlap	Electrode	tance Vary-
Value	Displacement	ing Ratio
[μm]	[μm]	C_U/C_D

L₁	1	d₁	0.9	T₁	19
L₂	2	d₂	1.9	T₂	39
L₃	3	d₃	2.9	T₃	59
L₄	4	d₄	3.9	T₄	79
.	.	.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.	.	.
L_n	L_n−1+ 1	d_n	d_n−1+ 1	T_n	T_n−1+ 20

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the constitution of an acceleration measurement device using an electrostatic-capacitance-type acceleration sensor having the characteristics of FIG. 5, wherein the acceleration measurement device is designed such that the measurement processing is controlled by a microcomputer, for example.
In FIG. 6, an acceleration sensor 10A is configured similar to the foregoing acceleration sensor 10, which is described in conjunction with FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, 3, and 4. Specifically, the acceleration sensor 10A differs from the foregoing acceleration sensor 10 in that it has ‘n’ capacitance detectors respectively corresponding to the aforementioned characteristic curves J₁to J_n(e.g., n=5). In a manner similar to that of the foregoing detection circuits 12A and 12B, a plurality of detection circuits DT₁to DT_ndetect output voltages of the capacitance detectors of the acceleration sensor 10A, which are produced in response to capacitance varying ratios C_U/C_Din correspondence with the characteristic curves J₁to J_nrespectively, as acceleration signals. The detection circuits DT₁to DT_nare connected with detection lines TL₁to TL_nextended from the capacitance detectors in correspondence with the characteristic curves J₁to J_nrespectively. Each of the detection lines TL₁to TL_nincludes three detection lines, which correspond to the foregoing detection lines Ta, Tb, and Te in FIG. 4, whereas FIG. 6 merely shows a single line as the representation of each of the detection lines DT₁to DT_nfor the sake of convenience.
The detection circuits DT₁to DT_noutput analog acceleration signals a₁to a_n, which are respectively supplied to A/D converters (i.e., analog-to-digital conversion circuits) AD₁to AD_n, which in turn produce ‘digital’ acceleration data A₁to A_n. The acceleration data A₁to A_nrepresent values of the acceleration signals a₁to a_nrespectively.
The A/D converters AD₁to AD_nare connected with a bus 30, which is also connected with a CPU 32, a ROM 33, a RAM 36, and a utilization device 38.
The CPU 32 executes measurement processes in accordance with programs stored in tie ROM 34. Details of the measurement processes will be described later with reference to FIG. 7. Other than programs, the ROM 34 also stores reference data AT₁to AT_n, which represent reference acceleration values (i.e., upper limit values in detection) in correspondence with thresholds T₁to T_nset for the capacitance varying ratios C_U/C_D.
The RAM 36 contains storage areas that are used as registers when the CPU 32 performs measurement processes. As registers, there are provided registers RS₁to RS_nin correspondence with the A/D converters AD₁to AD_nrespectively. The registers RS₁to RS_ninput the acceleration data output from the A/D converters AD₁to AD_nrespectively.
The utilization device 38 utilizes the acceleration data set to the registers RS₁to RS_n, wherein it is the device that does not only detect existence of acceleration but also performs measurement on acceleration in a relatively broad range or performs highly accurate measurement on the acceleration ranging from a small acceleration to a large acceleration caused by impact or collision. Specifically, it is actualized by a display, an electronic device such as an electronic game terminal and a portable telephone (or a cellphone), and an air-bag drive device adapted to an automobile, for example.
FIG. 7 shows an example of the measurement process, which is started when a power switch (not shown) is turned on. First, the CPU 32 proceeds to step 50 so as to perform an initialization process, wherein ‘0’ is set to all of the registers RS₁to RS_n.
Then, the CPU 32 proceeds to step 52 in which it inputs the acceleration data A₁to A_nfrom the A/D converters AD₁to AD_nrespectively, so that the acceleration data A₁to A_nare set to the registers RS₁to RS_nrespectively. In step 54, a decision is made as to whether or not the acceleration data A₁of the register RS₁is equal to or smaller than the reference acceleration designated by the reference acceleration value designated by the reference data AT₁. If a decision result is ‘YES’ (Y), the CPU 32 proceeds to step 56 in which the acceleration data A₁of the register RS₁is sent to the utilization device 38. This realizes the characteristic curve J₁shown in FIG. 5.
If the decision result of step 54 is ‘NO’ (N), or when the step 56 is completed, the CPU 32 proceeds to step 58 in which a decision is made as to whether or not the acceleration designated by the acceleration data A₂of the register RS₂is greater than the reference acceleration designated by the reference data AT₁and is equal to or smaller than the reference acceleration designated by the reference data AT₂. When a decision result is ‘YES’ (Y), the CPU 32 proceeds to step 60 in which the acceleration data A₂of the register RS₂is sent to the utilization device 38. This realizes the characteristic curve J₂shown in FIG. 5.
If the decision result of step 58 is ‘NO’ (N), or when the step 60 is completed, the CPU 32 proceeds to step 64 in which a decision is made as to whether or not the acceleration designated by the acceleration data A₃of the register RS₃is greater than the reference acceleration designated by the reference data AT₂and is equal to or smaller than the reference acceleration designated by the reference data AT₃. When a decision result is ‘YES’ (Y), the CPU 32 proceeds to step 64 in which the acceleration data A₃of the register RS₃is sent to the utilization device 38. This realizes the characteristic curve J₃shown in FIG. 5.
Thereafter, in a manner similar to that of the aforementioned processing realizing the curve J₃, steps similar to the steps 62 and 64 are performed to realize the curve J₄. When n=5, in step 66, a decision is made as to whether or not the acceleration designated by the acceleration data A₅of the register RS₅is greater than the reference acceleration designated by the reference data AT₄and is equal to or smaller than the reference acceleration designated by the reference data AT₅. When a decision result is ‘YES’ (Y), the CPU 32 proceeds to step 68 in which the acceleration data A₅of the register RS₅is sent to the utilization device 38. This realizes the characteristic curve J₅shown in FIG. 5.
When the decision result of step 66 is ‘NO’ (N), or when the step 68 is completed, the CPU 32 proceeds to step 70 so as to make a decision as to whether or not the power switch is turned off to issue an end instruction. When a decision result is ‘NO’ (N), the CPU 32 proceeds back to the step 52, thus repeating the aforementioned steps 52-68. When the decision result of step 70 becomes ‘YES’ (Y), the CPU 32 detects an end of processing.
According to the aforementioned measurement method, it is possible to perform highly accurate measurement on acceleration by use of the curves J₁to J₅in the relatively broad range of detection, i.e., 0G≦(input acceleration) ≦8G. Herein, the present embodiment performs acceleration detection by not using the sharp rise portions of the curves J₁to J₅; hence, it is possible to avoid occurrence of detection error due to noise. Incidentally, the present embodiment sets n=5, which is not necessarily limited and can be changed to n=6 or more, for example.
As this invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, the present embodiments are therefore illustrative and not restrictive, since the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the description preceding them, and all changes that fall within metes and bounds of the claims, or equivalents of such metes and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the claims.

Claims

1. An acceleration measurement method adapted to an electrostatic-capacity-type acceleration sensor comprising a first capacitance detector and a second capacitance detector both of which have moving electrodes and fixed electrodes arranged on a substrate surface so that facing areas therebetween are varied in response to input acceleration, wherein said second capacitance detector sets the facing areas between the moving electrodes and the fixed electrodes to be larger than those of the first capacitance detector when the input acceleration is zero, said acceleration measurement method comprising the steps of:

inputting first acceleration information representing capacitance variations detected between the moving electrodes and the fixed electrodes in the first capacitance detector;

inputting second acceleration information representing capacitance variations detected between the moving electrodes and the fixed electrodes in the second capacitance detector;

making a decision as to whether or not the first acceleration information exceeds an upper limit value that is set in advance with respect to the first capacitance detector;

if a decision result is ‘NO’, outputting the first acceleration information; and

if the decision result is ‘YES’, outputting the second acceleration information.

2. A computer-readable program controlling a computer to execute the acceleration measurement method as defined in claim 1.