US20050019202A1 - Radiant tube in cracking furnaces - Google Patents
Radiant tube in cracking furnaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050019202A1 US20050019202A1 US10/846,593 US84659304A US2005019202A1 US 20050019202 A1 US20050019202 A1 US 20050019202A1 US 84659304 A US84659304 A US 84659304A US 2005019202 A1 US2005019202 A1 US 2005019202A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- radiant tube
- weight
- hafnium
- yttrium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a radiant tube formed of a material that meets requirements such as creep strength, ductility and service life in cracking furnaces, preferably furnaces for ethylene cracking.
- hydrocarbons are cracked into ethylene, H 2 C ⁇ H 2 C, which constitutes a raw material for the plastics industry.
- the cracking takes place by hydrocarbons being led through a radiant tube, which has been heated by means of surrounding burner to sufficiently high temperature, for instance, about 1,100° C., for ethylene being formed in the tube.
- the tube usually is made from a FeCrAl material.
- a dense aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 is formed on the outside and inside of the tube. This oxide prevents Fe contacting the gas flowing in the tube when Fe acts as a catalyst for coke formation in the tube. If coke is formed in the tube, the same is deposited on the inside of the tube, the flow of gas in the tube becoming smaller and the heat transfer to the interior of the tube becoming lower. Coke may also entirely clog the tube.
- Swedish Patent No. 513 989 a method for the manufacture of a FeCrAl material by gas atomization is disclosed.
- a problem in gas atomization is that in the manufacture of a FeCrAl material containing titanium, small particles of TiN and TiC are formed in the charge before the atomization, which particles are caught on the melt nozzle that is used for the atomization and that the same is clogged.
- Swedish Patent No. 513 989 proposes that the charge that is to be atomized being brought to contain 0.05 to 0.50% by weight of tantalum and simultaneously less than 0.10% by weight of titanium.
- the material may contain molybdenum (Mo).
- the present disclosure relates to a radiant tube in a cracking furnace, where hydrocarbons are cracked into ethylene in a tube through which hydrocarbons flow, which tube is heated from the outside to a temperature where cracking of hydrocarbons occurs, and is characterized in that the tube is made from a FeCrAl material containing, in addition to Fe, 10 to 25% by weight of Cr, 1 to 10% by weight of Al and 1.5 to 5% by weight of Mo.
- the material comprises up to a total of 2.2 wt. %, preferably up to 2.0 wt. % and more preferably up to 1.0 wt. %, of one or more alloying materials selected from the group consisting of tantalum, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen.
- a radiant tube is found in a cracking furnace, where hydrocarbons are cracked into ethylene in a tube through which hydrocarbons flow.
- the tube is heated from the outside to a temperature where cracking occurs.
- the temperature of the tube, at the inlet end of the gas is 900° C. and at the outlet end 1,125° C.
- the tube is made from a FeCrAl material containing, in addition to Fe, 10 to 25% by weight of Cr, 1 to 10% by weight of Al and 1.5 to 5% by weight of Mo.
- the material contains smaller fractions of one or more of the alloying materials, tantalum, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen.
- the material comprises up to a total of 2.2 wt. %, preferably up to 2.0 wt. % and more preferably up to 1.0 wt. %, of one or more alloying materials selected from the group consisting of tantalum, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen.
- the material contains 2 to 3.5% by weight of molybdenum.
- the tube is made from a material having a creep strength high enough that the time to break of the tube at a temperature of 1,100° C. and a load of 2.2 MPa exceeds 100,000 hours. This corresponds to substantially a twice as high a creep strength in comparison with tubes made from the material disclosed in the Swedish Patent No. 467 414.
- the higher creep strength entails a corresponding considerable increase of the service life of the tube.
- a cracker tube may typically be 10 to 17 meters long.
- Such a tube consists of two or more tubes welded together in the longitudinal direction. According to a preferred embodiment, the tube is formed in one piece having a length exceeding 10 meters.
- Additional exemplary embodiments of the tube may be varied in respect of the material composition, above all regarding alloying materials having a low percentage in the material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present disclosure relates to a radiant tube formed of a material that meets requirements such as creep strength, ductility and service life in cracking furnaces, preferably furnaces for ethylene cracking.
- In the discussion of the state of the art that follows, reference is made to certain structures and/or methods. However, the following references should not be construed as an admission that these structures and/or methods constitute prior art. Applicant expressly reserves the right to demonstrate that such structures and/or methods do not qualify as prior art against the present invention.
- In cracking furnaces or ethylene furnaces, hydrocarbons are cracked into ethylene, H2C═H2C, which constitutes a raw material for the plastics industry.
- The cracking takes place by hydrocarbons being led through a radiant tube, which has been heated by means of surrounding burner to sufficiently high temperature, for instance, about 1,100° C., for ethylene being formed in the tube.
- Typically, such a tube should be able to resist said high temperatures during a long time. Therefore, the tube usually is made from a FeCrAl material. One reason for the same material being used is, in addition to the heat-and-cold resistance, that a dense aluminum oxide Al2O3 is formed on the outside and inside of the tube. This oxide prevents Fe contacting the gas flowing in the tube when Fe acts as a catalyst for coke formation in the tube. If coke is formed in the tube, the same is deposited on the inside of the tube, the flow of gas in the tube becoming smaller and the heat transfer to the interior of the tube becoming lower. Coke may also entirely clog the tube.
- In Swedish Patent No. 467 414, a FeCrAl material is disclosed where it is stated that the creep strength is increased by the fact that the material is alloyed with cobalt, nickel, silicon, manganese, zirconium and titanium as well as a small quantity of yttrium and hafnium, and then the material is heat-treated at minimum 1050° C. until very elongate granules are formed having a length of at least 5 mm and a ratio of length to cross-section of at least 10 to 1. Radiant tubes are manufactured from this material.
- In the Swedish Patent No. 513 989, a method for the manufacture of a FeCrAl material by gas atomization is disclosed. A problem in gas atomization is that in the manufacture of a FeCrAl material containing titanium, small particles of TiN and TiC are formed in the charge before the atomization, which particles are caught on the melt nozzle that is used for the atomization and that the same is clogged. Swedish Patent No. 513 989 proposes that the charge that is to be atomized being brought to contain 0.05 to 0.50% by weight of tantalum and simultaneously less than 0.10% by weight of titanium. In Swedish Patent No. 513 989, it is stated that the material may contain molybdenum (Mo).
- Above, it was stated that the creep strength was increased by means of a material according to Swedish Patent No. 467 414. However, there are additionally increased requirements on creep strength, ductility, as well as increased requirements on the service life of said tube. It would also be desirable to be able to manufacture longer tubes, which resist the high temperature during longer time than known tubes.
- Thus, the present disclosure relates to a radiant tube in a cracking furnace, where hydrocarbons are cracked into ethylene in a tube through which hydrocarbons flow, which tube is heated from the outside to a temperature where cracking of hydrocarbons occurs, and is characterized in that the tube is made from a FeCrAl material containing, in addition to Fe, 10 to 25% by weight of Cr, 1 to 10% by weight of Al and 1.5 to 5% by weight of Mo. Optionally, the material comprises up to a total of 2.2 wt. %, preferably up to 2.0 wt. % and more preferably up to 1.0 wt. %, of one or more alloying materials selected from the group consisting of tantalum, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen.
- Present embodiments of a radiant tube is found in a cracking furnace, where hydrocarbons are cracked into ethylene in a tube through which hydrocarbons flow. The tube is heated from the outside to a temperature where cracking occurs. Typically, the temperature of the tube, at the inlet end of the gas, is 900° C. and at the outlet end 1,125° C.
- According to an exemplary embodiment, the tube is made from a FeCrAl material containing, in addition to Fe, 10 to 25% by weight of Cr, 1 to 10% by weight of Al and 1.5 to 5% by weight of Mo.
- It is preferred that the material contains smaller fractions of one or more of the alloying materials, tantalum, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen. For example, in exemplary embodiments, the material comprises up to a total of 2.2 wt. %, preferably up to 2.0 wt. % and more preferably up to 1.0 wt. %, of one or more alloying materials selected from the group consisting of tantalum, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen.
- According to a highly preferred embodiment, the material contains 2 to 3.5% by weight of molybdenum. The reason that the content of molybdenum should not be too high, but yet give strength-wise advantages in comparison with the material according to said Swedish Patent No. 467 414, is that at too high a content of molybdenum, a volatile molybdenum oxide MoO3 is formed, which is gasified and evaporated. Thereby, the content of molybdenum is decreased, with a decreased strength as a consequence.
- According to a preferred embodiment, the tube is made from a material having a creep strength high enough that the time to break of the tube at a temperature of 1,100° C. and a load of 2.2 MPa exceeds 100,000 hours. This corresponds to substantially a twice as high a creep strength in comparison with tubes made from the material disclosed in the Swedish Patent No. 467 414.
- The higher creep strength entails a corresponding considerable increase of the service life of the tube.
- This higher strength means that the tube may be made in a longer length than conventional cracker tubes. A cracker tube may typically be 10 to 17 meters long. Such a tube consists of two or more tubes welded together in the longitudinal direction. According to a preferred embodiment, the tube is formed in one piece having a length exceeding 10 meters.
- Additional exemplary embodiments of the tube may be varied in respect of the material composition, above all regarding alloying materials having a low percentage in the material.
- Although the present invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that additions, deletions, modifications, and substitutions not specifically described may be made without department from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0301500A SE524010C2 (en) | 2003-05-20 | 2003-05-20 | Radiation tube in cracker oven |
SE0301500-5 | 2003-05-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050019202A1 true US20050019202A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
Family
ID=20291377
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/846,593 Abandoned US20050019202A1 (en) | 2003-05-20 | 2004-05-17 | Radiant tube in cracking furnaces |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050019202A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1627093A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007506866A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100365151C (en) |
SE (1) | SE524010C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004104257A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070160514A1 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2007-07-12 | Pycos Engineering (Uk) Ltd. | Enhanced radiant heat exchanger apparatus |
US20090074635A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2009-03-19 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Tube and use of said tube |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE528189C2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-09-19 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Method and pipe joint for joining components comprising or made of a material which is difficult to weld |
EP2031080B1 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2012-06-27 | Alstom Technology Ltd | High temperature alloy |
WO2009045136A1 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-09 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | The use and method of producing a dispersion strengthened steel as material in a roller for a roller hearth furnace |
CN102230132B (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2012-11-21 | 大连理工大学 | Fe-Cr-Mo-Al-Cu corrosion-resistant high temperature alloy |
CN210287474U (en) * | 2019-06-01 | 2020-04-10 | 上海颐柏科技股份有限公司 | Methanol and propane cracking device based on radiant tube |
CN117144264B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-02-02 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Ferrite heat-resistant alloy for light water reactor fuel assembly, manufacturing method and application |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2014189A (en) * | 1930-08-27 | 1935-09-10 | Vereinigte Stahlwerke Ag | Apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons |
US4498928A (en) * | 1984-02-06 | 1985-02-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Interior | Ductile duplex iron-based alloy containing aluminum |
US5286442A (en) * | 1991-05-29 | 1994-02-15 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | High-aluminum-containing ferritic stainless steel having improved high-temperature oxidation resistance |
US6296953B1 (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 2001-10-02 | Sandvik Ab | Steel alloy for compound tubes |
US6761751B2 (en) * | 2000-01-01 | 2004-07-13 | Sandvik Ab | Method of making a FeCrAl material and such material |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE469754B (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1993-09-06 | Kanthal Ab | OVEN BEFORE CRACKING THE PULP |
JPH0941096A (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1997-02-10 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Turbine blade material |
JPH11209850A (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 1999-08-03 | Jgc Corp | Heating furnace tube, and use of heating furnace tube |
JP4281881B2 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2009-06-17 | 日揮株式会社 | Heating furnace tube and manufacturing method of heating furnace tube |
TW548334B (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2003-08-21 | Jgc Corp | Heating furnace and method of manufacturing the same |
-
2003
- 2003-05-20 SE SE0301500A patent/SE524010C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-05-14 WO PCT/SE2004/000757 patent/WO2004104257A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-05-14 EP EP04733228A patent/EP1627093A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-14 CN CNB2004800137969A patent/CN100365151C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-14 JP JP2006532193A patent/JP2007506866A/en active Pending
- 2004-05-17 US US10/846,593 patent/US20050019202A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2014189A (en) * | 1930-08-27 | 1935-09-10 | Vereinigte Stahlwerke Ag | Apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons |
US4498928A (en) * | 1984-02-06 | 1985-02-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Interior | Ductile duplex iron-based alloy containing aluminum |
US5286442A (en) * | 1991-05-29 | 1994-02-15 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | High-aluminum-containing ferritic stainless steel having improved high-temperature oxidation resistance |
US6296953B1 (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 2001-10-02 | Sandvik Ab | Steel alloy for compound tubes |
US6761751B2 (en) * | 2000-01-01 | 2004-07-13 | Sandvik Ab | Method of making a FeCrAl material and such material |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070160514A1 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2007-07-12 | Pycos Engineering (Uk) Ltd. | Enhanced radiant heat exchanger apparatus |
US7503289B2 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2009-03-17 | Pycos Engineering Ltd | Enhanced radiant heat exchanger apparatus |
US20090074635A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2009-03-19 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Tube and use of said tube |
CN101321896B (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2011-06-22 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | A tube and use of said tube |
US8206658B2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2012-06-26 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Tube and use of said tube |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100365151C (en) | 2008-01-30 |
EP1627093A1 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
SE0301500D0 (en) | 2003-05-20 |
JP2007506866A (en) | 2007-03-22 |
WO2004104257A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
CN1802447A (en) | 2006-07-12 |
SE0301500L (en) | 2004-06-15 |
SE524010C2 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SANDVIK AB, SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LUNDBERG, MATS;OHNGREN, CLAES;BERGLUND, ROGER;REEL/FRAME:015219/0994;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040914 TO 20040917 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HB, SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SANDVIK AB;REEL/FRAME:016290/0628 Effective date: 20050516 Owner name: SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HB,SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SANDVIK AB;REEL/FRAME:016290/0628 Effective date: 20050516 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AKTIEBOLAG, SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HB;REEL/FRAME:016621/0366 Effective date: 20050630 Owner name: SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AKTIEBOLAG,SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HB;REEL/FRAME:016621/0366 Effective date: 20050630 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |