US20050001009A1 - Friction stir tool for friction welding - Google Patents

Friction stir tool for friction welding Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050001009A1
US20050001009A1 US10/486,555 US48655504A US2005001009A1 US 20050001009 A1 US20050001009 A1 US 20050001009A1 US 48655504 A US48655504 A US 48655504A US 2005001009 A1 US2005001009 A1 US 2005001009A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
friction stir
stir welding
welding tool
temperature sensor
pin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
US10/486,555
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US7032801B2 (en
Inventor
Klaus Raether
Juergen Silvanus
Werner Zimmermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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EADS Deutschland GmbH
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Assigned to EADS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH reassignment EADS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RAETHER, KLAUS, ZIMMERMANN, WERNER, SILVANUS, JUERGEN
Publication of US20050001009A1 publication Critical patent/US20050001009A1/en
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Publication of US7032801B2 publication Critical patent/US7032801B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • B23K20/1235—Controlling or monitoring the welding process with temperature control during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/32—Wires

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a friction stir welding tool for friction welding.
  • a friction welding process is described, for example, in international publication WO 95/26254 A1.
  • this publication discloses guiding a friction stir welding tool with vertical pressure along the connecting point of the workpiece to be welded. It is particularly advantageous to provide the friction stir welding tool with a concave shoulder and a pin configured in a screw shape.
  • a temperature that is suitable for the welding procedure in the stirred material of the weld zone.
  • This temperature is influenced, among other things, by the parameters of the welding process, such as the rate of feed, the number of revolutions, and the contact pressure of the friction stir welding tool. Also known is a process of influencing by means of cooling devices if necessary.
  • One known measuring process consists of recording the temperature of the welded plates in the vicinity of the weld zone. Since the plates cool off considerably a short distance from the weld zone, the temperature of the stirred material of the weld zone cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy with this measuring process.
  • Another known measuring method for determining the weld zone temperature consists of using a pyrometer. As an optical radiation measurement, this measuring method is impaired in its measurement accuracy by the structured surface of the welding location.
  • Such pyrometers are also used for the online monitoring of the quality of roll welding joints or mash seam welding joints as is described, for example, in European publication EP 1 075 892 A2.
  • One object of the invention is to create a friction stir welding tool for friction welding that can be controlled with sufficient measuring accuracy based upon the temperature in the weld zone.
  • the temperature of the weld zone is recorded by means of a temperature measuring device whose measuring element is arranged in the pin of the friction stir welding tool.
  • the measurement location is separated from the weld zone only by the thermally conductive wall of the pin, and a good correspondence can therefore be achieved between the measured and the actual temperature values of the weld zone.
  • the drawing shows a section view through a friction stir welding tool.
  • Two plates 2 and 3 that come into blunt contact with each other are welded together, for example, with the friction stir welding tool 1 .
  • the pin 4 of the friction stir welding tool is frictioned into the two plates 2 and 3 by means of a pressure, rotation, and forward motion of the stirring tool in a known manner, along the contact joint 5 .
  • the stirred material forms the weld seam in the weld zone 6 that is produced in this manner.
  • the stirring tool 1 is provided with a blind bore 8 , which ends in a pin 4 , and wherein a temperature sensor 7 can be accommodated.
  • the electric connections for the sensor are guided via a radial bore 9 to a telemetric measuring system 10 , which is arranged on the surface of the stirring tool underneath its clamping area.
  • the temperature sensor 7 can be configured, for example, as a standard thermal element.
  • An electronic evaluation system for the thermal element and a transmitter equipped with a suitable receiver for the telemetric transmission of the measured temperature values to the control unit of the stirring tool are accommodated in the telemetric measuring system 10 .
  • the electric current to the electronic evaluation system and the transmitter is supplied by means of a battery, which is accommodated in the measuring system 10 .
  • the telemetric transmission can be implemented by means of different processes known to an expert in the field, for example, within the VHF range by means of microwaves or within the infrared range.
  • thermosensor 7 An alternative for the temperature sensor 7 is provided by introducing a sapphire rod or an optical fiber instead of the thermal element into the blind bore 8 , with which the thermal radiation existing in the pin is optically transmitted to a pyrometer, which is accommodated in the measuring system 10 , and which feeds the temperature measured values following electronic processing to the VHF transmitter.

Abstract

The object of the invention is to create a friction welding tool for friction welding that can be controlled with respect to measuring accuracy based upon the temperature in the weld zone.
This object is attained in accordance with the invention by determining the temperature values of the weld zone (6) by means of a temperature sensor (7), which is arranged with its measuring point in the pin (4) of the stir welding tool (1).

Description

    BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention concerns a friction stir welding tool for friction welding.
  • A friction welding process is described, for example, in international publication WO 95/26254 A1. To produce a good welded connection, this publication discloses guiding a friction stir welding tool with vertical pressure along the connecting point of the workpiece to be welded. It is particularly advantageous to provide the friction stir welding tool with a concave shoulder and a pin configured in a screw shape.
  • Also of great importance in friction stir welding is the adjustment of a temperature that is suitable for the welding procedure in the stirred material of the weld zone. This temperature is influenced, among other things, by the parameters of the welding process, such as the rate of feed, the number of revolutions, and the contact pressure of the friction stir welding tool. Also known is a process of influencing by means of cooling devices if necessary.
  • It is known in friction stir welding to measure the temperature in the stirred material of the weld zone in order to control the welding procedure in accordance with the measured temperature values.
  • One known measuring process consists of recording the temperature of the welded plates in the vicinity of the weld zone. Since the plates cool off considerably a short distance from the weld zone, the temperature of the stirred material of the weld zone cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy with this measuring process.
  • Another known measuring method for determining the weld zone temperature consists of using a pyrometer. As an optical radiation measurement, this measuring method is impaired in its measurement accuracy by the structured surface of the welding location.
  • Such pyrometers are also used for the online monitoring of the quality of roll welding joints or mash seam welding joints as is described, for example, in European publication EP 1 075 892 A2.
  • One object of the invention is to create a friction stir welding tool for friction welding that can be controlled with sufficient measuring accuracy based upon the temperature in the weld zone.
  • This object is attained in accordance with the invention. Further developments of the invention are also disclosed.
  • In the temperature measuring process of the invention, the temperature of the weld zone is recorded by means of a temperature measuring device whose measuring element is arranged in the pin of the friction stir welding tool.
  • The measurement location is separated from the weld zone only by the thermally conductive wall of the pin, and a good correspondence can therefore be achieved between the measured and the actual temperature values of the weld zone.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • One exemplary embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows a section view through a friction stir welding tool.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Two plates 2 and 3 that come into blunt contact with each other are welded together, for example, with the friction stir welding tool 1. The pin 4 of the friction stir welding tool is frictioned into the two plates 2 and 3 by means of a pressure, rotation, and forward motion of the stirring tool in a known manner, along the contact joint 5. After cooling, the stirred material forms the weld seam in the weld zone 6 that is produced in this manner.
  • The stirring tool 1 is provided with a blind bore 8, which ends in a pin 4, and wherein a temperature sensor 7 can be accommodated. The electric connections for the sensor are guided via a radial bore 9 to a telemetric measuring system 10, which is arranged on the surface of the stirring tool underneath its clamping area.
  • The temperature sensor 7 can be configured, for example, as a standard thermal element. An electronic evaluation system for the thermal element and a transmitter equipped with a suitable receiver for the telemetric transmission of the measured temperature values to the control unit of the stirring tool are accommodated in the telemetric measuring system 10. The electric current to the electronic evaluation system and the transmitter is supplied by means of a battery, which is accommodated in the measuring system 10.
  • The telemetric transmission can be implemented by means of different processes known to an expert in the field, for example, within the VHF range by means of microwaves or within the infrared range.
  • An alternative for the temperature sensor 7 is provided by introducing a sapphire rod or an optical fiber instead of the thermal element into the blind bore 8, with which the thermal radiation existing in the pin is optically transmitted to a pyrometer, which is accommodated in the measuring system 10, and which feeds the temperature measured values following electronic processing to the VHF transmitter.

Claims (11)

1-4. (canceled)
5. A friction stir welding tool for friction welding having a control that takes into consideration measured temperature values of a weld zone, wherein the temperature values of the weld zone are determined by a temperature sensor that is arranged with its measuring point in a pin of the friction stir welding tool.
6. The friction welding tool of claim 5, wherein the temperature sensor is integrated in an autarchic telemetric measuring system located on the tool, which continuously transmits the measured temperature values to a control unit of the tool located outside of the friction stir welding tool.
7. The friction stir welding tool of claim 5, wherein the temperature sensor is a thermal element.
8. The friction stir welding tool of claim 5, wherein the temperature sensor is a pyrometer having a sapphire rod ending in the pin or an optical fiber ending in the pin.
9. The friction stir welding tool of claim 6, wherein the temperature sensor is a thermal element.
10. The friction stir welding tool of claim 6, wherein the temperature sensor is a pyrometer having a sapphire rod ending in the pin or an optical fiber ending in the pin.
11. A process of determining temperature values of a weld zone of a friction stir welding tool for friction welding having a control that takes into consideration the temperature values of the weld zone, comprising measuring the temperature values of the weld zone by a temperature sensor that is arranged with its measuring point in a pin of the friction stir welding tool.
12. The process of claim 11, wherein the temperature sensor is integrated in an autarchic telemetric measuring system located on the tool, which continuously transmits the measured temperature values to a control unit of the tool located outside of the friction stir welding tool.
13. The process of claim 11, wherein the temperature sensor is a thermal element.
14. The process of claim 11, wherein the temperature sensor is a pyrometer having a sapphire rod ending in the pin or an optical fiber ending in the pin.
US10/486,555 2001-08-11 2002-08-02 Friction stir tool for friction welding Expired - Lifetime US7032801B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10139687.2 2001-08-11
DE10139687A DE10139687C1 (en) 2001-08-11 2001-08-11 Stirring tool for friction welding, has control which uses temperature values from the welding zone acquired by a sensor arranged with a measuring site in tool pin
PCT/DE2002/002858 WO2003015975A1 (en) 2001-08-11 2002-08-02 Friction stir tool for friction welding

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050001009A1 true US20050001009A1 (en) 2005-01-06
US7032801B2 US7032801B2 (en) 2006-04-25

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US10/486,555 Expired - Lifetime US7032801B2 (en) 2001-08-11 2002-08-02 Friction stir tool for friction welding

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US7032801B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1423228A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004538156A (en)
CA (1) CA2455611A1 (en)
DE (1) DE10139687C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003015975A1 (en)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080011810A1 (en) * 2006-07-17 2008-01-17 Burford Dwight A Friction stir welding tool
US20080251571A1 (en) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Burford Dwight A Friction stir welding tool having a counterflow pin configuration
WO2009005908A3 (en) * 2007-05-22 2009-02-26 Nantero Inc Triodes using nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US20090255980A1 (en) * 2008-04-15 2009-10-15 Lockheed Martin Corporation Control systems for friction stir welding of titanium alloys and other high temperature materials
US8528803B2 (en) 2009-12-07 2013-09-10 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Friction stir welding apparatus and method
CN103592047A (en) * 2013-11-27 2014-02-19 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 Friction-stir welding friction interface temperature measuring device
CN104308354A (en) * 2014-09-04 2015-01-28 江苏科技大学 Surface temperature detection device for stirring friction welding leader region
US20150129638A1 (en) * 2012-06-04 2015-05-14 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Friction Stir Welding Tool and Method for the Production Thereof
US9033205B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2015-05-19 Alfredo CASTILLO Friction stir welding with temperature control
US20160184922A1 (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-06-30 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Friction point joining device and friction point joining method
WO2016200485A1 (en) * 2015-06-09 2016-12-15 Florida Power & Light Company Outage prevention in an electric power distribution grid using smart meter messaging
CN107107258A (en) * 2015-01-07 2017-08-29 株式会社山本金属制作所 Friction-stir engagement device and the throw engaged for friction-stir
US9915046B2 (en) 2015-12-15 2018-03-13 HFW Solutions, Inc. Self alignment structure for applications joining extruded members
CN107848066A (en) * 2015-08-06 2018-03-27 株式会社日立电力解决方案 Friction-stir engagement device and friction-stir connection control method
CN108772623A (en) * 2018-03-22 2018-11-09 上海交通大学 Agitating friction welds real time temp measurer
CN114669905A (en) * 2022-05-13 2022-06-28 郑州机械研究所有限公司 Method for testing welding cooling time

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US6780525B2 (en) * 2001-12-26 2004-08-24 The Boeing Company High strength friction stir welding
US7216793B2 (en) * 2003-08-22 2007-05-15 Edison Welding Institute, Inc. Friction stir welding travel axis load control method and apparatus
DE102005032170A1 (en) * 2005-07-09 2007-01-11 Technische Universität Ilmenau Friction friction welding tool and method and arrangement for online control of a friction stir welding process
US20100178526A1 (en) * 2006-08-21 2010-07-15 Osaka University Process for working metal members and structures
US20080217377A1 (en) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-11 Alcoa Inc. Fracture Resistant Friction Stir Welding Tool
DE102008046692B4 (en) 2008-09-10 2013-12-05 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Method and device for non-destructive testing of friction stir welds
US8657179B1 (en) * 2012-03-26 2014-02-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Weld nugget temperature control in thermal stir welding
DE102012025140A1 (en) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Friction stir tool, manufacturing method thereof and friction stir process
US10919108B2 (en) * 2015-09-14 2021-02-16 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Configured to set the plunging force
JP6554029B2 (en) * 2015-11-24 2019-07-31 川崎重工業株式会社 Friction stir spot welding device and friction stir spot welding method
JP6143915B1 (en) * 2016-04-28 2017-06-07 株式会社日立パワーソリューションズ Friction stir welding equipment
DE102016109970B4 (en) * 2016-05-31 2021-11-11 Starrag Gmbh Process for friction stir welding of metallic workpieces
JP2018030167A (en) * 2016-08-26 2018-03-01 株式会社山本金属製作所 Frictional agitation joining rotary tool
EP3533556B1 (en) * 2016-10-31 2022-11-30 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Friction stir spot welding device and friction stir spot welding method
CN111230393B (en) * 2019-07-09 2021-08-17 杭州顺达伯耐特电梯有限公司 Guide rail bracket welding tool
DE102021121367A1 (en) * 2021-08-17 2023-02-23 Kuka Deutschland Gmbh Welding equipment and welding process

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US6727691B2 (en) * 2000-06-26 2004-04-27 Jentek Sensors, Inc. High resolution inductive sensor arrays for material and defect characterization of welds
US6780525B2 (en) * 2001-12-26 2004-08-24 The Boeing Company High strength friction stir welding
US20050040209A1 (en) * 2003-08-22 2005-02-24 Stotler Timothy V. Friction stir welding travel axis load control method and apparatus

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080011810A1 (en) * 2006-07-17 2008-01-17 Burford Dwight A Friction stir welding tool
US8016179B2 (en) 2006-07-17 2011-09-13 Wichita State University Friction stir welding tool having a scroll-free concentric region
US7942306B2 (en) 2007-04-13 2011-05-17 Wichita State University Friction stir welding tool having a counterflow pin configuration
US20080251571A1 (en) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Burford Dwight A Friction stir welding tool having a counterflow pin configuration
WO2009005908A3 (en) * 2007-05-22 2009-02-26 Nantero Inc Triodes using nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US20090255980A1 (en) * 2008-04-15 2009-10-15 Lockheed Martin Corporation Control systems for friction stir welding of titanium alloys and other high temperature materials
EP2268446A2 (en) * 2008-04-15 2011-01-05 Lockheed Martin Corporation Control systems for friction stir welding of titanium alloys and other high temperature materials
WO2009146172A3 (en) * 2008-04-15 2010-01-21 Lockheed Martin Corporation Control systems for friction stir welding of titanium alloys and other high temperature materials
EP2268446A4 (en) * 2008-04-15 2012-05-02 Lockheed Corp Control systems for friction stir welding of titanium alloys and other high temperature materials
US8528803B2 (en) 2009-12-07 2013-09-10 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Friction stir welding apparatus and method
US8757470B2 (en) 2009-12-07 2014-06-24 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Friction stir welding apparatus and method
US20150129638A1 (en) * 2012-06-04 2015-05-14 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Friction Stir Welding Tool and Method for the Production Thereof
US9033205B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2015-05-19 Alfredo CASTILLO Friction stir welding with temperature control
CN103592047A (en) * 2013-11-27 2014-02-19 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 Friction-stir welding friction interface temperature measuring device
CN104308354A (en) * 2014-09-04 2015-01-28 江苏科技大学 Surface temperature detection device for stirring friction welding leader region
US20160184922A1 (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-06-30 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Friction point joining device and friction point joining method
CN107107258A (en) * 2015-01-07 2017-08-29 株式会社山本金属制作所 Friction-stir engagement device and the throw engaged for friction-stir
US20180021882A1 (en) * 2015-01-07 2018-01-25 Yamamoto Metal Technos Co., Ltd. Friction stir welding device, and rotary tool used for friction stir welding
EP3243597A4 (en) * 2015-01-07 2018-05-02 Yamamoto Metal Technos Co. Ltd. Friction stir welding device, and rotary tool used for friction stir welding
US10525549B2 (en) * 2015-01-07 2020-01-07 Yamamoto Metal Technos Co., Ltd. Friction stir welding device, and rotary tool used for friction stir welding
WO2016200485A1 (en) * 2015-06-09 2016-12-15 Florida Power & Light Company Outage prevention in an electric power distribution grid using smart meter messaging
CN107848066A (en) * 2015-08-06 2018-03-27 株式会社日立电力解决方案 Friction-stir engagement device and friction-stir connection control method
US20180221986A1 (en) * 2015-08-06 2018-08-09 Hitachi Power Solutions Co., Ltd. Friction Stir Welding Device and Method for Controlling Friction Stir Welding
EP3332903A4 (en) * 2015-08-06 2019-05-01 Hitachi Power Solutions Co., Ltd. Friction stir welding device and method for controlling friction stir welding
US9915046B2 (en) 2015-12-15 2018-03-13 HFW Solutions, Inc. Self alignment structure for applications joining extruded members
CN108772623A (en) * 2018-03-22 2018-11-09 上海交通大学 Agitating friction welds real time temp measurer
CN114669905A (en) * 2022-05-13 2022-06-28 郑州机械研究所有限公司 Method for testing welding cooling time

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004538156A (en) 2004-12-24
WO2003015975A1 (en) 2003-02-27
US7032801B2 (en) 2006-04-25
DE10139687C1 (en) 2003-02-20
EP1423228A1 (en) 2004-06-02
CA2455611A1 (en) 2003-02-27

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