US2004945A - Method and apparatus for igniting explosive charges - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for igniting explosive charges Download PDF

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US2004945A
US2004945A US667820A US66782033A US2004945A US 2004945 A US2004945 A US 2004945A US 667820 A US667820 A US 667820A US 66782033 A US66782033 A US 66782033A US 2004945 A US2004945 A US 2004945A
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chamber
air
fuel
ignition
explosion
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Holzwarth Hans
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HOLZWARTH GAS TURBINE CO
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HOLZWARTH GAS TURBINE CO
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C5/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the working fluid being generated by intermittent combustion
    • F02C5/12—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the working fluid being generated by intermittent combustion the combustion chambers having inlet or outlet valves, e.g. Holzwarth gas-turbine plants

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  • the present invention relates to an improved is directly in contact with the comparatively method of accomplishing the periodic ignition minute spark. Moreover, the surface of the of combustible charges of fuel and air intermitspark is extremely small in comparison with the tently introduced into an explosion chamber, size of the charge in the chamber. The combuswhereby more rapid and complete combustion of tion of the mixture in the chamber thus proceeds such charges is obtained.
  • My improved process is preferably carried out in elongated, constant volume explosion chambers and consists essentially in confining or trapping, between the outlet member of the explosion chamber and the fresh fuel and air mixture introduced. into the chamber for the next charge, a body of gases of such a temperature that the mixture of fuel and air ignites along the surface of the gases facing the same, that is, along the plane of contact between such trapped gases and said mixture.
  • gases serving for the ignition of the fuel and air mixture may, for example, consist of residual explosion gases which have been retained in the chamber from the preceding explosion cycle of the explosion chamber, and may have been mixed, if desired, with air; such gases may however also consist of air which has been highly heated by radiation and by the direct transfer of heat by conduction.
  • My improved method of operation has above all the great. advantage that a comparatively large igniting surface is presented right from the beginning by the trapped igniting gases to the fresh mixture of fuel and air introduced into the chamber, such igniting surface being practically perpendicular or nearly so to the longitudinal axis of the chamber when the latter is of elongated cylindrical form, the surface being capable of being itself curved.
  • a certain amount of combustion gas residue may be with advantage retained at 'such end, such gases being trapped at the outlet end of the chamber, during the expulsion of the residual combustion gases during the scavenging of theexplosion chamber while the outlet member is open, by advancing the moment of closing of the latter.
  • My improved process is carried out with particular advantage both when the explosion chamber is of considerably elongated form, and much time is provided for scavenging the chamber of the residual gases except the portion thereof which is to serve for igniting the next charge. Under these conditions there will occur, even during the scavenging step, a strong radiation of heat from the combustion gases into the adjoining portion of scavenging or super-charging air advancing from the inlet side of the chamber.
  • My novel process affords certain and complete combustion in every particular of any mixture of fuel and air in a preferably elongated explosion chamber, as the mixture in the chamber comes into contact from the beginning of the ignition on, with an extraordinarily large igniting surface of a temperature sufficient to effect ignition, such temperature being increased, if desired, by additional radiation of heat. Because of the large available igniting surface, the ignition of the mixture occurs with great rapidity and rapid combustion of the whole contents of the chamber is accomplished.
  • auxiliary igniters may with advantage be employed for starting the explosion chamber from the cold condition.
  • positively controlled electric spark plugs are employed as auxiliary igniters, they are preferably controlled in such manner that they are fired after the instant at which ignition is to be effected, in the normal operation of the chamber, by the igniting gases confined therein.
  • Such controllable auxiliary igniters cannot disturb the normal ignition by the confined igniting gases, but they insure the ignition of the mixture in the event that the normal ignition by the igniting gases fails for any reason.
  • my improved process may be carried out by making the time interval, during which the fuel mixture advances from the inlet end of the chamber toward the outlet end, that is, toward the igniting surface, controllable at will in such a manner that the instant at which the ignition of the mixture occurs can be exactly predetermined.
  • ignition lagby changing that is increasing or decreasing, the number of working cycles of the explosion chamber per unit of time, whereby the fuel can be injected at the instant at which the air velocity is the most favorable, advantageously upon the opening of the air valve.
  • the duration of the individual control phases of a complete working cycle as for example the scavenging, the charging, and. the discharging of the high pressure combustion gases from the chamber, can be increased or decreased.
  • the absolute duration of the ignition lag can be kept constant at all cycle frequencies by so determining the control conditions that the instant of beginning of the fuel admission is not changed with reference to the instant of beginning of the air admission. In such case the fuel particles first entering the chamber always meet, at the moment they enter the chamber, a current of air at the same favorable velocity at all cycle frequencies, so that the time for conveying the mixture to the igniting place is always the same.
  • That path which the fuel must traverse in the chamber from the place of admission of the fuel to the ignition place should be made suiiiciently long, as far as possible within practical limits, by suitably shaping the chamber, so that the fuel will traverse this distance at a given flow velocity only after the charging of the chamber has been entirely completed and the inlet members for the operating media are again completely closed or very nearly closed.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates diagrammatically a section taken through a plant built in accordance with the present invention, such plant operating according to the constant volume explosion process;
  • Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross section through the control oil distributor of the turbine plant and is taken along the line II--H of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a similar section through the control oil distributor along the line III-III of Fig. 1;
  • Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate certain of the valves of Fig. 1 in a different position of adjustment
  • Fig. 6 is a time-pressure diagram representing the normal course of the pressure curve of a constant volume explosion chamber, the abscissae indicating the time for the control processes in the explosion chamber, expressed both as the angular velocity of a hydraulic control device in degrees and in seconds, and the ordinates indicating the pressure prevailing in the chamber at any moment;
  • Fig. 7 shows a diagram drawn on a larger scale than that of Fig. 6 and illustrates only that section of the time-pressure curve which is pertinent to the present invention
  • Fig. 8 shows a modification of the explosion turbine plant, the same being shown partly in elevation and. partly in section;
  • Figs. 9, l0 and 11 show details of the plant illustrated in Fig. 8 in various positions of adjustment;
  • Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating the timepressure relationships in the explosion chamber which come into consideration upon displacement of the commencement of the fuel injection with reference to the moment of opening of the air charging valve;
  • Fig. 13 shows by way of example an arrangement for altering the control periods of the hydraulic control device which is adapted for charging the explosion chamber, in dependence upon the motor which drives such control device, the construction being shown for the most part in section;
  • Fig. 14 is a section through the control device along the line XIV-XIV of Fig. 13.
  • the numeral I in Fig. 1 indicates an elongated cylindrical explosion chamber of the constant volume explosion type in which explosion gases of high pressure are periodically generated, such gases being then directed against the rotor 2 of the Curtis turbine T which is shown as provided with two rings of blades.
  • the explosion chamber is provided in the usual manner with a scavenging air valve 3 at the conical inlet end of the chamber, the valve being arranged co-axially with the chamber, scavenging air of a pressure above atmospheric'being fed to the valve through conduit 4.
  • the air valve 5 which charges air of a still higher pressure is likewise located at the conical inlet end of the chamber, as is also the fuel inlet member 6 in the form of an injection nozzle.
  • Air is charged to the valve 5 under pressure through the conduit I, while fuel is fed to the injection device 6 by conduit 8 leading from the pressure discharge side of a piston fuel pump B which is hydraulically controlled in known manner.
  • the pump B is connected with the explosion turbine T through a governor R which regulates the quantity of fuel fed.
  • the gases generated by explosion in chamber I flow through the outlet or nozzle valve 9 arranged at the outlet end of the chamber which, like the inlet end, is of conical configuration, and are charged against the rotor 2 of the explosion or impulse turbine T.
  • an igniting device ll which serves primarily only for starting, such device being suitably in the form of a spark plug.
  • the explosion chamber is surrounded over its whole length with two cooling chambers II 'and I!
  • the cooling chamber I2 is the smaller and serves to cool the conical outlet end of the chamber I, at which end the nozzle valve 9 is located; while the cooling chamber ll surrounds the remainin and much larger part of the chamber, including the inlet end of the chamber.
  • a cooling agent is conducted to the cooling chamber H by thenpressure pump
  • each conduit is filled temporarily with a medium under pressure and is then again relieved of pressure.
  • the rotating disc is provided upon its circumference with a number of blocks 28 (see Figs. 2 and 3), each two of which serve to control one of the attached conduits 20, 2
  • the other chamber 30 is connected with a space of lower pressure or with the atmosphere.
  • , 22 or 23 is connected either with the pressure space 3
  • Fig. 2 shows the condition in which conduit 23 is covered by one of the control blocks 28, so that upon further rotation of the cylinder 25 in the direction indicated by the arrow, it is placed in communication with the pressure space 3
  • Fig. 3 shows a section through the control section of the distributor 24 for the charging air valve 5, the associated conduit 2
  • the latter segment is coupled by suitable connecting means with the speed controlling governor R, as by being connected with the regulating sleeve 49 of the governor through lever 85, link 31, bell-crank lever 88, link 89, bell crank lever 99, link 9
  • is opened sooner or later by the roller 42 acting through the linkage 42, or, when the maximum quantity of fuel is to be fed (when the operation is at full load). such valve is not opened at all.
  • the return valve By the opening of the return valve the efiective feed stroke of the pump is interruptedto a greater or lesser degree, the fuel which is fed during the further course of the pressure stroke of the piston l9 being forced back into the fuel suction conduit 44 by the pipe 43.
  • connection between the rotatable upper section of sleeve 29 with the speed governor B may advantageously be accomplished in such manner that such section in certain instances, for example upon adjustment of the instant at which the injection of fuel begins, when the apparatus is under test, can be displaced independently of the governor by hand.
  • This may be done in simple fashion by making one of the elements of the connecting mechanism 99-93 adjustable in length.
  • , 92 may be formed of two parts, the part 92 being in the form of a threaded rod which is received within a manually rotatable nut 94 which is held against axial movement within the hollow end of the part 9
  • Rotation of the nut 94 will change the eifective length of the link 9
  • the nut 94 may be held in adjusted position by the lock nut 95.
  • a second heat exchanger which can be constructed similarly to the heat exchanger
  • the heat exchanger 45 serves in normal operation for re-cooling the compressed super-charging air delivered by the compressor 46, the air flowing to the heat exchanger 45 through the conduit 41, and after traversing such heat exchanger is conveyed to the charging air valve 5 through outlet 48 and conduit I.
  • the medium for cooling .the super-charging air preferably water, flows to the heat exchanger 45 through the variable valve 49 and conduit 59, and flows oil at 5
  • the super-charging com 'pressor 45 is driven by a turbine 52 or any other suitable driving motor, which at the same time drives the scavenging air compressor 53, from which the compressed air flows in part through pipe 4 to the scavenging air valve 3, and in part to the super-charging compressor 45 through branch 54.
  • Both compressors may be supplied inknown manner (see page 895, Figs. 47 and 48, of the handbook Huette, 25th edition, Vol. III, Berlin, 1926, Wilhelm Ernst and Son) with'at least one intermediate cooling stage 45a or 53a, which, when necessary, can be cut out.
  • the cooling agent enters the heat exchanger I at 55 and leaves the same at 55 through conduit 59 and
  • the governor' variable valve 51 such heat exchanger in normal operation serving as a re-cooler for the cooling agent of the explosion chamber outlet section.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 which the ordinates indicate the pressure course in the explosion chamber during a complete working cycle, while the abscissa: indicate the angular displacement of the rotating cylinder 25 of the oil distributor 24 in degrees, a complete revolution of such cylinder corresponding to a complete working cycle, and being equal to 360 degrees.
  • Fig. 6 which represents a normal time-pressure diagram of a known constant volume explosion chamber, the time scale is indicated also in seconds for a complete working cycle for the purposes of comparison.
  • the working cycle is arbitrarily assumed to lie between two consecutive ordinate axes zz, during which, as stated, the rotating cylinder makes a complete revolution of 360 degrees.
  • the nozzle valve 9 is opened, the oil conduit 22 leading thereto having immediately before been placed under pressure by the pressure oil distributor 24.
  • the gases generated in the chamber I flow to the rotor 2 of the turbine upon opening of the valve 9.
  • the scavenging air valve 3 begins to open at the point a, its oil conduit 20 having been placed in communication with the oil pressure accumulator space in the cylinder 25.
  • Fresh air delivered by theconduit 4 from the compressor 53 at a certain superatmospheric pressure is then introduced into the explosion chamber I through the open scavenging air valve 3.
  • the residual combustion gases in the chamber are driven out through the still open nozzle valve 9 by the incoming air which, due in part to the peculiar shape of the chamber, takes the form of a piston, there being no whirls and eddies and thus no appreciable mixing of residual gases and air.
  • the scavenging air valve closes, its oil conduit 20 being connected with the low pressure space in the oil distributor 24.
  • the nozzle valve 9 is closed at the point b, its oil pressure conduit 22 having been disconnected from the interior of the cylinder 25.
  • the same object of forming a large igniting surface F is attained according to the invention under certain circumstances even when the residual gases are completely driven out from the chamber.
  • the heat stored in the walls at the outlet end of the chamber is radiated into the body of air (scavenging air) collecting at such end in exactly the manner described above.
  • a quantity of residual gases is, of course, more effective as an igniting medium, as such gases already have high temperatures from the beginning, so that less time and radiant heat are required for developing the igniting surface F to kindling temperature than when pure air is located at the end of the chamber, the'original temperature of such air being far less than that of the combustion gases.
  • Fig. 7 which presents on a larger scale than Fig. 6 only those phases of the working cycle of the explosion chamber which need be considered in connection with the present invention, the effect of my improved mode of ignition is graphically illustrated.
  • the full-line curve indicates again the time-pressure curve of the normay explosion diagram according to Fig. 6, in which the ignition of the combustible mixture in the explosion chamber is effected in known manner with the aid of a point ignition.
  • the reference characters a, b, c, d, e and f for the dif ferent phases of the process have the same meaning as in Fig. 6.
  • the point d thus again indicates the moment of ignition.
  • the explosion chamber operates according to the method proposed by the present invention, according to which the charge in the chamber is ignited at the large igniting surface F of the air or gas mass located at the outlet end of the chamber, the pressure-line is changed as is indicated on the diagram by the dotted 'line i.
  • the charge is ignited at the instant k, the spark plug [0 being connected to a distributor by a cable 96 (Fig. l) in known manner, the distributor being geared to the motor 21 and thus properly synchronized with the valve controlling mechanism. From the steepness of the line i it will be recognized that the combustion takes place considerably more rapidly than is the case with known ignition at a point, represented by the explosion line g shown in full lines.
  • the above-described novel ignition process makes it necessary to provide special auxiliary measures for the starting of the explosion chamber I from the cold condition, as at such time the air entering the explosion chamber can not take up any heat in view of the absence of residual combustion gases and in view also of the low temperature of the walls of the chamber, which remain comparatively cool for quite a number of cycles and can therefore receive no suflicient heat.
  • an igniting device In in the form of one or more electric spark plugs may be employed for starting.
  • these auxiliary igniting devices can again be cut out, so that in the further course of operation of the chamber, that is, after the air or residual gases occupying the outlet end of the chamber during the charging are heated to the necessary igniting temperature by radiation, the ignition of the charges occurs at the ignition surface F.
  • one or more of the above-mentioned igniting devices Hi can be permitted to continue operating during the normal operation of the explosion chamber.
  • Such safety igniters are above all advantageous when the gases generated in the explosion chamber are used for operating a machine whose load and speed vary frequently and widely so that, due to these fluctuations, the charging conditions of the explo sion chamber are changed suddenly and very abruptly.
  • auxiliary igniters are permitted to operate during the normal functioning of the chamber, they are preferably controlled in such manner that they become active after the normal ignition instant of the surface F, the distributor being made adjustable as is well known in the art. In this way the auxiliary ig niters cannot disturb the normal ignition operation by the ignition surface F, but in case of failure of proper functioning of such surface they initiate the ignition.
  • the starting of the explosion chamber from the cool condition can be favored in accordance with the invention in the case of diflicultly ignitable fuel by conducting the charging air into the chamber in a highly heated condition. To this end, the air is passed through a pre-heater before it is admitted into the explosion chamber. If a re-cooler. is provided for the normal operation of the plant for re-cooling the compressed charging air in order to obtain a large weight of air per charge, then such re-cooler may with advantage be operated as an air preheater during the starting period by conducting a hot medium,- such as steam, therethrough.
  • the conditions on starting of the explosion plant are especially favorable when the outlet end of the explosion chamber is artificially pre-heated, so that the temperature of the air confined at such end is raised.
  • the pre-heating of the charging or scavening air and of the outlet end of the chamber may be accomplished with the apparatus shown by way of example in Fig. l by operating the two heat exchangers l6 and 45, which in the normal operation of the plant function as re-coolers, as preheaters during the starting period.
  • the two reversing valves 49 and 51 are brought into the position shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • the valves El and 62 are closed while the valve 64 in pipe 63 is opened.
  • the reversing valve 51 according to Fig.
  • the temperature of the pre-heated air can, when necessary, be raised by arranging the two heat exchangers in parallel.
  • the valve 64 is closed while the valves 6
  • the heating medium fed by pipe 66 passes through the reversing valve 51 and then flows in part through the conduit 56 into heat exchanger 16 and in part through the conduit 60 into the heat exchanger 45. Both heat exchangers are thus traversed by a heating medium of the same temperature.
  • the streams of heating agent leaving both heat exchangers meet at the junction of conduits 50 and 59 in advance of the reversing valve 49 and after passing through such valve flow off through the conduit 61.
  • the beat exchanger l6 can be used alone as the preheater. In such case only the air or gases confined within the outlet end of the explosion chamber are heated, if the heat exchanger 45 is not heated in some other fashion; similarly, only the charging air could be heated during the starting of the plant.
  • the pre-heating of the air can be increased to a considerable extent by cutting out of operation the intermediate cooling stages 46a. and 53a, respectively, of the two compressors 4B and 53, or only one of such stages could be cut out, as by arranging suitable valves 98, 99 in the conduit 91 which supplies the cooling agent, the latter being withdrawn through conduits llllland HH.
  • the heat exchangers can be arranged either in series or in parallel, or the cooling agent delivered by the conduit 58 can be circulated through only one or through both heat exchangers. If the heat exchangers are arranged in series, then the cooling agent, contrary to the operation of the apparatus as preheaters, flows first through heat exchanger 45 for the charging air and subsequently through the heat exchanger l6 for recooling the cooling agent of the outlet end of the explosion chamber. With such mode of operation the requirement that the cooling agent for the chamber outlet end be only partially recooled is met in the most satisfactory manner, so that there remains stored in such cooling agent the necessary radiant heat for the formation of the hot igniting surface F.
  • Fig. 8 shows one way of bringing about such result in a manner difierent from that shown in Fig. 1.
  • the numeral i again indicates the explosion chamber, T the turbine, 3 the scavenging air valve, 5 the charging air valve,.6 the fuel injector valve, 9 the nozzle valve, It the heat exchanger for the chamber outlet end, with the interposed circulating pump l3, and 45 the heat exchanger for the charging air.
  • the construction of Fig. 8 diifers from that of Fig. 1 only in that for starting, two
  • pre-heaters 68, 69 are provided which are arranged in series, for example, by means of the connecting conduit 10.
  • the heat exchangers it, thus operate. only as re-coolers which are cut out of operation during starting.
  • the preheater 68 is heated by a burner Ii to which air is fed by conduit I2 and fuel by conduit E3.
  • hot combustion gases give up a part of their heat in the exchanger 68 and then flow through conduit iii to the space I! of the second pre-heater st for the charging air, whence they flow in the direction indicated by the arrow through the heating tubes Ha which by way of example are shown as of U-form.
  • the gases leaving the heating tubes reach interconnected collecting spaces 75, which they leave through the discharge pipe it.
  • the air delivered by the compressor flows in the normal operation of the plant through the threeway valve Ti, conduit 18 into the recooler 45 and subsequently flows through the conduit '5 con nected therewith to the charging air valve 5.
  • a check member 18a is positioned in the conduit 1 and is open during normal operation.
  • the valve I1 Upon starting of the plant the valve I1 is brought into the position shown in Fig. 11, so that the passage to the conduit 18 leading to there-cooler 5 is cut ofi.
  • the air then flows through the air heater 69 and, through the conduit 19 into the conduit I to the charging air valve 5.
  • the conduit 19 likewise is provided with a check device We which after v valve 8
  • the recooler i6 is cut out by reversing the valves 80 and 8
  • the medium circulated by the pump I3 is forced through the conduit '2 leading from the valve 88, through the heating coil 83 of the pre-heater B8 and finally through conduit 84 and three-way valve 8
  • the pro-heater 68 is cut out by moving the valves some 8! back to the positions shown in Fig. 8, so that the pump l3 circulates the cooling medium of the cooling space I! through the re-cooler l6.
  • the present invention provides also a method of determining the instant or ignition o! the fuel and air mixture with reference to the available charging time in such a way that the ignition always begins after the formation of a homogeneous, combustible mixture of fuel and air with avoidance of pre-ignition.
  • the adjustment of the instant of ignition is accomplished by a time-displacement of the instant of fuel introduction with reference to the instant at which the charging of air is begun.
  • the distributor M which has the function of controlling the oil conduit 23 of the fuel pump B is rotated a suitable distance by the toothed segment 3'!
  • Fig. 12 The way in which the control of the instant of ignition afl'ects the time-pressure diagram is shown in Fig. 12.
  • This diagram shows between the ordinate axes Z the course of the pressure curve in the explosion chamber during a complete working cycle with the individual process phases s'milar to the pressure course illustated by the diagram in Fig. 7, where the ignition oi the fuelair mixture occurs at the instant k and the opening of the nozzle valve at the instant n.
  • the dotand-dash line 0 in Fig. 12 indicates the pressure diagram or the super-charging air, and the long dash line p the pressure curve ofthe scavenging air in advance of the corresponding valves, and the short dash line a the counter pressure behind the nozzle valve.
  • the fuel pump begins its pressure stroke at the instant v, in the present case about 120 in advance of the opening of the nozzle valve.
  • the actual injection of the fuel begins at Y the point w when the pressure in the fuel conduit leading to the injection nozzle overcomes the pressure tending to keep such nozzle closed.
  • the fuel injection therefore occurs a certain interval of time after the beginning of the charging air admission, that is, at an instant at which the original high air velocity has fallen to a definite value, as the counter pressure in the explosion chamber rises as the charging proceeds.
  • the fuel thus meets an air stream of lower velocity the later the injection of the fuel begins with reference to the beginning of the air charging.
  • the instant to at which the fuel injection begins is to be so adjustedin the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 this is accomplished by rotation of the upper sleeve part 29 of the oil distributor 24-- that the instant y of closing of the charging air valve and the instant e at which the fuel injection is ended come to occur in advance of the ignition point k, that is, within the interval a: (ignition lag).
  • ignition lag the ignition of the fuel-air mixture always occurs only after the charging air valve and the fuel valve are again closed, so that the combustion gases cannot penetrate into the conduits leading to such valves.
  • the time scale is varied with reference to the degree scale, and hence the length of the ignition lag x, which depends only upon the time scale is changed with reference to the other nagnitudes (control phases of a working cycle) which vary in point of time with the cycle number, that is with the rotational speed of the oildistributor (control shaft speed); these other magnitudes (control phases) depend only upon the degree scale.
  • Fig. 13 shows by way of example an arrangement for varying the cycle frequency in the manner above described.
  • the numeral 84 indicates an oil distributor which differs from the distributor 24 shown in Fig. 1 only by the omission of a two part intermediate sleeve 29 arranged between the distributor housing and the rotating cylinder 25 and the actuating mechanism for such sleeve.
  • the rotating cylinder is driven as usual from the electric motor 21 through the drive 26.
  • Current is supplied to the motor from the line 85 through a regulating resistance 86. With the aid of this resistance it is possible to vary the rotational speed of t he motor and of the distributor cylinder, and thus also the cycle frequency of the explosion chamber, which results in a change of the ignition process in the manner explained above.
  • the method according to claim 1 including the steps of cooling the outlet end section of the explosion chamber to so limited an extent that the temperature of the gaseous medium is effectively increased by radiation of heat from the walls of the explosion chamber, and likewise cooling the main body of the explosion chamber with a cooling agent, the temperature of the cooling agent for the outlet end section being maintained higher than that of the cooling agent of the main body of the chamber.
  • the method according to claim 1 including the steps of conveying-the fuel by air toward the outlet end of the chamber, and dimensioning the interval during which the fuel is conveyed to the ignition place in correspondence with the control time determined by the cycle frequency of the process by suitably adjusting the fuelcarrying air velocity prevailing at the beginning of the formation of the combustible mixture, and so adjusting the velocity of the fuel-carrying airthat the ignition occurs when the inlet members close or are closed.
  • the method according to claim 13 including the step of conveying the fuel by air toward the outlet end of the chamber, dimensioning the interval during which the fuel is conveyed to the ignition place in correspondence with the control time determined by the cycle frequency of the process by. suitably adjusting the fuel-carrying air velocity prevailing at the beginning of the formation of the combustible mixture, and opening the fuel inlet member later with reference to the instant of opening of the air inlet member according as the moment of ignition is retarded.
  • a constant volume explosion chamber having air and fuel inlet mechanism at one end thereof and outlet mechanism for the explosion gases at the opposite end thereof, timing mechanism for so operating the air inlet and the outlet mechanism that the air inlet mechanism is opened while the outlet mechanism is still open following the expansion of the explosion gases, means for charging fuel under pressure to the fuel inlet mechanism after the charging of air into the chamber has begun, and means whereby the body of gas at the. outlet end of the chamber is caused to have such an elevated temperature by the time that the advance portion of fuel reaches such body of gas, that ignition of the fuel and alrmixture is effected along the surface of contact between such body of gas and the fuel and air mixture.
  • timing mechanism is constructed to cause closing of the outlet mechanism at such an advanced instant that enough residual gases are trapped at the outlet end section of the chamber to fill such section.
  • the air inlet mechanism includes-means for charging air of high pressure for conveying the fuel toward the outlet end of the'chamber, and wherein the-chamber is ofsuch length that the fuel and air mixture reaches the place, of ignition only after the fuel inlet member has closed.
  • the temperature of the cooling agent traversing the first jacket being higher than that of the cooling agent traversing the second jacket

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US667820A 1932-04-28 1933-04-25 Method and apparatus for igniting explosive charges Expired - Lifetime US2004945A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEH131593D DE638234C (de) 1932-04-28 1932-04-28 Verfahren zum Betriebe von Verpuffungskammern, insbesondere fuer Brennkraftturbinen
GB13634/33A GB405157A (en) 1932-04-28 1933-05-10 Process and apparatus for the ignition of mixtures of fuel and air in explosion chambers

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US667820A Expired - Lifetime US2004945A (en) 1932-04-28 1933-04-25 Method and apparatus for igniting explosive charges

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US (1) US2004945A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE638234C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR754394A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB405157A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL37625C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2623355A (en) * 1946-04-30 1952-12-30 Boulet Georges Hot pressurized gas producing means
US3091224A (en) * 1955-12-16 1963-05-28 Gustavsbergs Fabriker Ab Device for intermittent combustion
CN114207356A (zh) * 2019-06-09 2022-03-18 芬诺能源有限公司 控制无活塞燃烧器中的爆燃燃烧过程的方法

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2623355A (en) * 1946-04-30 1952-12-30 Boulet Georges Hot pressurized gas producing means
US3091224A (en) * 1955-12-16 1963-05-28 Gustavsbergs Fabriker Ab Device for intermittent combustion
CN114207356A (zh) * 2019-06-09 2022-03-18 芬诺能源有限公司 控制无活塞燃烧器中的爆燃燃烧过程的方法
US20220252005A1 (en) * 2019-06-09 2022-08-11 Finno Energy Oy Method of controlling deflagration combustion process in pistonless combustor
CN114207356B (zh) * 2019-06-09 2024-04-19 芬诺能源有限公司 控制无活塞燃烧器中的爆燃燃烧过程的方法
US12241407B2 (en) * 2019-06-09 2025-03-04 Finno Exergy Oy Method of controlling deflagration combustion process in pistonless combustor

Also Published As

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DE638234C (de) 1936-11-12
GB405157A (en) 1934-02-01
FR754394A (fr) 1933-11-03
NL37625C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1936-03-16

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