US20040216249A1 - Corrosion-free bridge system - Google Patents

Corrosion-free bridge system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040216249A1
US20040216249A1 US10/833,029 US83302904A US2004216249A1 US 20040216249 A1 US20040216249 A1 US 20040216249A1 US 83302904 A US83302904 A US 83302904A US 2004216249 A1 US2004216249 A1 US 2004216249A1
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Prior art keywords
corrosion
concrete
precast
deck
girders
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Abandoned
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US10/833,029
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Mamdouh El-Badry
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
    • E01D2/02—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure of the I-girder type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/12—Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
    • E01D19/125—Grating or flooring for bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D6/00—Truss-type bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/264—Concrete reinforced with glass fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/266—Concrete reinforced with fibres other than steel or glass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/28—Concrete reinforced prestressed
    • E01D2101/285—Composite prestressed concrete-metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/40—Plastics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a structural system in general, and in particular to bridge systems which are resistant to, or are not suseptible to, corrosion.
  • Corrosion is of concern for any structure made of mettalic components.
  • Bridge superstructures are of special concern as they are entirely exposed to the corrosive elements of the ambient, particularly those near or passing over bodies of salt water.
  • Many current designs continue to employ materials and arrangements which are prone to corrosion. What is therefore desired is a novel system which overcomes the limitations and problems of corrosion in prior art structural designs. It should also provide for a lighter weight superstructure, thus allowing for longer spans, and for increased durability to reduce maintenance costs and extend the useful life of the structure.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a system of truss girders and concrete deck according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of FIG. 1 showing a cast-in-situ deck slab atop a truss girder according to one version of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of FIG. 1 showing precast deck panels atop truss girders according to another version of the present invention.
  • This invention is an innovative system of short- and medium-spans for bridges and other structures.
  • the new system can apply to hundreds of bridges constructed every year.
  • the superstructure is built mainly from materials that are not vulnerable to corrosion. Additional advantages are reduced self-weight of the structure and enhanced durability.
  • the light weight should reduce load on the supports and allow for longer spans, resulting in reduction in the size of substructure and in the number of supporting piers in multi-span bridges and, hence, reduction in the initial cost.
  • the improved durability should reduce the maintenance cost and extend the life span of the structure.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show two versions of a corrosion-free bridge system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention consists of precast prestressed concrete truss girders (generally indicated by the reference numeral 10 ) and a concrete deck slab 30 .
  • Each girder 10 has top and bottom concrete bulbs (i.e. flanges) 12 , 14 connected by precast vertical and diagonal truss members 16 , 18 .
  • the materials used are fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) and corrosion-resistant steel.
  • FRP fibre-reinforced polymers
  • corrosion-resistant steel or metal means a product that has delayed corrosion properties.
  • bridge deck 30 The materials used in the present invention will now be descibed in some greater detail. Referring first to the bridge deck 30 , particular attention is given to the bridge deck as it represents an important component that considerably affects the overall cost and quality of the structure.
  • the bridge deck can be made of a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete slab 30 a (as illustrated in FIG. 2) or of an assembly of precast concrete panels 30 b tied together by longitudinal with or without transverse prestressing tendons 32 , 33 (FIG. 3).
  • Reinforcement of a cast-in-situ deck slab 30 a can be glass, carbon or other FRP bars 34 .
  • the FRP bars can be used in both the transverse and longitudinal directions for the top reinforcement, whereas the bottom reinforcement can be composed of corrosion-resistant steel bars 36 in the transverse direction and FRP bars in the longitudinal direction.
  • Post-tensioning of precast deck slab panels 30 b can be done by FRP or corrosion-resistant steel tendons 32 , 33 .
  • Corrosion-resistant steel double-head studs 38 (i.e. steel bars with heads for anchorage) will be used to connect the deck slab to the girders.
  • precast deck panels 30 b When precast deck panels 30 b are used, pockets are left in the panels at the location of the studs to be filled with grout subsequent to post-tensioning.
  • the concrete bulbs 12 , 14 are pretensioned with FRP or corrosion-resistant steel tendons 16 .
  • the bulbs are provided with corrosion-resistant steel stirrups 18 and with longitudinal non-prestressed FRP or corrosion-resistant steel bars 20 at the corners of the stirrup.
  • the vertical and diagonal truss members 16 , 18 for resisting shear forces are made of FRP or corrosion-resistant steel tubes filled with high-strength concrete.
  • the truss members can alternatively be made of precast concrete elements, thus eliminating the need for hollow tubes. In this case, corrosion-resistant steel stirrups or spirals may be provided.
  • a preferred outer diameter of the verticals 16 which are mainly in compression, is approximately 150 mm, although other sizes may be suitable as well.
  • the diagonals 18 which are mainly in tension, have an outer diameter of approximately 90 mm, although other sizes may also be suitable depending on the application. Both the verticals and the diagonals are produced prior to the bulbs 12 , 14 .
  • FRP or corrosion-resistant steel dowels 22 protrude from the ends of the verticals to connect them to the bulbs.
  • Double-head studs 24 connect the diagonals to the bulbs.
  • the diagonals can be pretensioned with FRP flexible tendons or corrosion-resistant steel tendons. The pretensioning should provide the diagonals with a reserve tensile capacity in case the FRP tubes are damaged by fire.
  • the tendons protrude from the ends of the diagonals and are bent to serve as dowels connecting the diagonals to the bulbs.
  • the bulbs be cast in a rotated position, while the verticals and diagonals lie on a horizontal surface. In case of damage by fire, the FRP tubes can be easily replaced by wrapping the concrete diagonals and verticals by FRP sheets or jackets.
  • the precast truss girders 10 are post-tensioned by external FRP or corrosion-resistant steel tendons to balance the slab weight, to provide continuity between the different spans, and to resist subsequent loads on the bridge.
  • the external tendons are harped (i.e. held down) to the bottom bulb 14 at two points within the span and held up to the top bulb 12 at one or two points near the intermediate supports in continuous bridges. No deviators will be required at the harping points.
  • the horizontal parts of the tendons between the harping points pass through ducts placed inside the bottom bulb, for a single-span bridge, or inside both the top and bottom bulbs in a continuous bridge.
  • the ducts may be left ungrouted for easy replacement of the tendons, or may be grouted to achieve bond between the horizontal parts of the tendons and the concrete bulb(s).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system of short- and medium-spans for bridges and other structures. The bridge superstructure is built mainly from components that are not vulnerable to corrosion. It consists of precast prestressed concrete truss girders and a concrete deck. The girders have top and bottom concrete bulbs (i.e. flanges) connected by precast vertical and diagonal truss members made of corrosion-resistant metallic or non-metallic tubes filled with concrete. The deck can be a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete slab or an assembly of precast concrete panels tied together by longitudinal with or without transverse prestressing tendons. The reinforcement in the slab can be fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and/or corrosion-resistant steel bars. The term corrosion-resistant metal or steel means a product that has delayed corrosion properties.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a structural system in general, and in particular to bridge systems which are resistant to, or are not suseptible to, corrosion. [0001]
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Corrosion is of concern for any structure made of mettalic components. Bridge superstructures are of special concern as they are entirely exposed to the corrosive elements of the ambient, particularly those near or passing over bodies of salt water. Many current designs continue to employ materials and arrangements which are prone to corrosion. What is therefore desired is a novel system which overcomes the limitations and problems of corrosion in prior art structural designs. It should also provide for a lighter weight superstructure, thus allowing for longer spans, and for increased durability to reduce maintenance costs and extend the useful life of the structure. [0002]
    • DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: [0003]
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a system of truss girders and concrete deck according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; [0004]
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of FIG. 1 showing a cast-in-situ deck slab atop a truss girder according to one version of the present invention; and, [0005]
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of FIG. 1 showing precast deck panels atop truss girders according to another version of the present invention. [0006]
    • DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • This invention is an innovative system of short- and medium-spans for bridges and other structures. The new system can apply to hundreds of bridges constructed every year. In this system, the superstructure is built mainly from materials that are not vulnerable to corrosion. Additional advantages are reduced self-weight of the structure and enhanced durability. The light weight should reduce load on the supports and allow for longer spans, resulting in reduction in the size of substructure and in the number of supporting piers in multi-span bridges and, hence, reduction in the initial cost. The improved durability should reduce the maintenance cost and extend the life span of the structure. [0007]
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and [0008] 3 show two versions of a corrosion-free bridge system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The invention consists of precast prestressed concrete truss girders (generally indicated by the reference numeral 10) and a concrete deck slab 30. Each girder 10 has top and bottom concrete bulbs (i.e. flanges) 12, 14 connected by precast vertical and diagonal truss members 16, 18. In addition to concrete, the materials used are fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) and corrosion-resistant steel. The term corrosion-resistant steel or metal means a product that has delayed corrosion properties.
  • The materials used in the present invention will now be descibed in some greater detail. Referring first to the [0009] bridge deck 30, particular attention is given to the bridge deck as it represents an important component that considerably affects the overall cost and quality of the structure.
  • The bridge deck can be made of a cast-in-situ reinforced [0010] concrete slab 30 a (as illustrated in FIG. 2) or of an assembly of precast concrete panels 30 b tied together by longitudinal with or without transverse prestressing tendons 32, 33 (FIG. 3).
  • Reinforcement of a cast-in-situ deck slab [0011] 30 a (FIG. 2) can be glass, carbon or other FRP bars 34. Alternatively, the FRP bars can be used in both the transverse and longitudinal directions for the top reinforcement, whereas the bottom reinforcement can be composed of corrosion-resistant steel bars 36 in the transverse direction and FRP bars in the longitudinal direction.
  • Post-tensioning of precast [0012] deck slab panels 30 b (FIG. 3) can be done by FRP or corrosion- resistant steel tendons 32, 33.
  • Corrosion-resistant steel double-head studs [0013] 38 (i.e. steel bars with heads for anchorage) will be used to connect the deck slab to the girders. When precast deck panels 30 b are used, pockets are left in the panels at the location of the studs to be filled with grout subsequent to post-tensioning.
  • Specific attention will now be given to the various features of the [0014] bridge girders 10.
  • The [0015] concrete bulbs 12, 14 are pretensioned with FRP or corrosion-resistant steel tendons 16. The bulbs are provided with corrosion-resistant steel stirrups 18 and with longitudinal non-prestressed FRP or corrosion-resistant steel bars 20 at the corners of the stirrup.
  • The vertical and [0016] diagonal truss members 16, 18, for resisting shear forces are made of FRP or corrosion-resistant steel tubes filled with high-strength concrete. The truss members can alternatively be made of precast concrete elements, thus eliminating the need for hollow tubes. In this case, corrosion-resistant steel stirrups or spirals may be provided. A preferred outer diameter of the verticals 16, which are mainly in compression, is approximately 150 mm, although other sizes may be suitable as well. The diagonals 18, which are mainly in tension, have an outer diameter of approximately 90 mm, although other sizes may also be suitable depending on the application. Both the verticals and the diagonals are produced prior to the bulbs 12, 14. FRP or corrosion-resistant steel dowels 22 protrude from the ends of the verticals to connect them to the bulbs. Double-head studs 24 connect the diagonals to the bulbs. Alternatively, the diagonals can be pretensioned with FRP flexible tendons or corrosion-resistant steel tendons. The pretensioning should provide the diagonals with a reserve tensile capacity in case the FRP tubes are damaged by fire. The tendons protrude from the ends of the diagonals and are bent to serve as dowels connecting the diagonals to the bulbs. For ease in production, it is preferable that the bulbs be cast in a rotated position, while the verticals and diagonals lie on a horizontal surface. In case of damage by fire, the FRP tubes can be easily replaced by wrapping the concrete diagonals and verticals by FRP sheets or jackets.
  • After casting the concrete slab [0017] 30 a or placing the deck panels 30 b, the precast truss girders 10 are post-tensioned by external FRP or corrosion-resistant steel tendons to balance the slab weight, to provide continuity between the different spans, and to resist subsequent loads on the bridge. The external tendons are harped (i.e. held down) to the bottom bulb 14 at two points within the span and held up to the top bulb 12 at one or two points near the intermediate supports in continuous bridges. No deviators will be required at the harping points. The horizontal parts of the tendons between the harping points pass through ducts placed inside the bottom bulb, for a single-span bridge, or inside both the top and bottom bulbs in a continuous bridge. The ducts may be left ungrouted for easy replacement of the tendons, or may be grouted to achieve bond between the horizontal parts of the tendons and the concrete bulb(s).
  • The above description is intended in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense and variations to the specific configurations described may be apparent to skilled persons in adapting the present invention to specific applications. Such variations are intended to form part of the present invention insofar as they are within the spirit and scope of the claims below. For instance, the system of the present invention may be applied to curved bridges and may be easily adapted to space trusses and segmental construction for use in bridges and other structures. [0018]

Claims (1)

I claim:
1. A corrosion-free bridge system comprising precast prestressed concrete truss girders and a concrete deck, the girders having top and bottom concrete flanges connected by precast vertical and diagonal truss members made of corrosion-resistant metallic or non-metallic tubes filled with concrete.
US10/833,029 2003-04-29 2004-04-28 Corrosion-free bridge system Abandoned US20040216249A1 (en)

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CA2,427,152 2003-04-29

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060059803A1 (en) * 2003-02-06 2006-03-23 Ericksen Roed & Associates, Inc. Precast, prestressed concrete truss
US20060162102A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Guy Nelson Prefabricated, prestressed bridge system and method of making same
WO2007086720A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-02 Javier Mentado Duran Concrete truss
US20070180634A1 (en) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-09 Lawrence Technological University Box beam bridge and method of construction
US20100064454A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Lawrence Technological University Concrete Bridge
US20110219554A1 (en) * 2010-03-15 2011-09-15 Aumuller Paul M Bridge construction and method of replacing bridges
US20120124937A1 (en) * 2010-05-24 2012-05-24 Jin-Guang Teng Hybrid frp-concrete-steel double-skin tubular beams and hybrid dstb/slab units using the beams
CN102493360A (en) * 2011-12-29 2012-06-13 浙江大东吴集团建设有限公司 Reinforced concrete arch bridge construction method
CN103541299A (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-29 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 Deck-type triangular truss steel joist bond beam
WO2015004442A1 (en) * 2013-07-08 2015-01-15 Ecos Maclean Ltd Structural frame
CN104612047A (en) * 2014-12-17 2015-05-13 邢台路桥交通设施有限公司 Reinforced concrete multi-chamber beam slab bottom plate and manufacturing technology thereof
CN104711932A (en) * 2015-03-24 2015-06-17 中交一航局第四工程有限公司 Construction method for reinforced concrete arch bridge in soft soil foundation
CN104790287A (en) * 2015-05-08 2015-07-22 中南林业科技大学 Small-radius curved rigid frame system bridge
JP2015151805A (en) * 2014-02-18 2015-08-24 大成建設株式会社 Construction method for truss beam
US9309634B2 (en) 2012-04-06 2016-04-12 Lawrence Technological University Continuous CFRP decked bulb T beam bridges for accelerated bridge construction
US20160160457A1 (en) * 2014-12-03 2016-06-09 National Applied Research Laboratories Light-Weight Temporary Bridge System and Building Method thereof
CN106958319A (en) * 2016-01-08 2017-07-18 中国建筑科学研究院 Precast concrete post component and connected node
CN111041983A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-21 广东工业大学 Composite rib-composite material grid seawater sea sand bridge deck
CN111058385A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-04-24 中铁九桥工程有限公司 Auxiliary girder trial splicing method for double-layer steel structure bridge
CN111172889A (en) * 2020-02-26 2020-05-19 中交二公局第二工程有限公司 Assembling method for plate girder combination beam of suspension bridge
US10895047B2 (en) 2016-11-16 2021-01-19 Valmont Industries, Inc. Prefabricated, prestressed bridge module
CN114934434A (en) * 2022-06-27 2022-08-23 四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司 Prefabricated steel truss concrete small box girder and prefabricated assembled type combined girder bridge comprising same

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Cited By (30)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060059803A1 (en) * 2003-02-06 2006-03-23 Ericksen Roed & Associates, Inc. Precast, prestressed concrete truss
US7275348B2 (en) * 2003-02-06 2007-10-02 Ericksen Roed & Associates Precast, prestressed concrete truss
US7600283B2 (en) * 2005-01-21 2009-10-13 Tricon Engineering Group, Ltd. Prefabricated, prestressed bridge system and method of making same
US20060162102A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Guy Nelson Prefabricated, prestressed bridge system and method of making same
WO2007086720A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-02 Javier Mentado Duran Concrete truss
US20070180634A1 (en) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-09 Lawrence Technological University Box beam bridge and method of construction
US7296317B2 (en) * 2006-02-09 2007-11-20 Lawrence Technological University Box beam bridge and method of construction
US20100064454A1 (en) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-18 Lawrence Technological University Concrete Bridge
US8020235B2 (en) 2008-09-16 2011-09-20 Lawrence Technological University Concrete bridge
US20110219554A1 (en) * 2010-03-15 2011-09-15 Aumuller Paul M Bridge construction and method of replacing bridges
US8234738B2 (en) * 2010-03-15 2012-08-07 Newton Bridge Solutions Ltd Bridge construction and method of replacing bridges
US8448280B2 (en) 2010-03-15 2013-05-28 Newton Bridge Solutions Ltd Method of providing a parapet wall on a bridge
US20120124937A1 (en) * 2010-05-24 2012-05-24 Jin-Guang Teng Hybrid frp-concrete-steel double-skin tubular beams and hybrid dstb/slab units using the beams
CN102493360A (en) * 2011-12-29 2012-06-13 浙江大东吴集团建设有限公司 Reinforced concrete arch bridge construction method
US9309634B2 (en) 2012-04-06 2016-04-12 Lawrence Technological University Continuous CFRP decked bulb T beam bridges for accelerated bridge construction
CN103541299A (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-29 中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司 Deck-type triangular truss steel joist bond beam
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