US20040198848A1 - Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds - Google Patents
Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040198848A1 US20040198848A1 US10/827,312 US82731204A US2004198848A1 US 20040198848 A1 US20040198848 A1 US 20040198848A1 US 82731204 A US82731204 A US 82731204A US 2004198848 A1 US2004198848 A1 US 2004198848A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- process according
- volume
- speed
- reactor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
- B01D53/0438—Cooling or heating systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28095—Shape or type of pores, voids, channels, ducts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
- B01J20/3236—Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/104—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
- B01D2253/306—Surface area, e.g. BET-specific surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
- B01D2253/308—Pore size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
- B01D2253/311—Porosity, e.g. pore volume
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2064—Chlorine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/306—Organic sulfur compounds, e.g. mercaptans
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
- B01D2257/7022—Aliphatic hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/90—Odorous compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/708
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/91—Bacteria; Microorganisms
Definitions
- This invention pertains to a material for the treatment of gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds, such as ethylene, as well as a process for the treatment of gaseous media using this material.
- the invention also concerns a process and a device for obtaining said material.
- This material and the associated treatment process are used for the treatment of atmospheres in which living materials are stored, particularly in refrigerators or coolers.
- Ripening of living materials generates volatile organic compounds, such as ethylene, some of which cause autocatalysis of the ripening process. These compounds are also responsible for unpleasant odors, and usually generate microorganisms and contaminants such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts. Therefore, they are harmful to the proper storage of living materials because they can cause biological degradation, which is detrimental to storage and to consumer health.
- the purpose of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages by offering a material for the treatment of gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds and a treatment process using this material which allows for chemical transformation of the volatile organic compounds into harmless gases; the structure of this material makes this treatment process particularly effective.
- the invention concerns a material for the treatment of gaseous media comprising volatile organic compounds, this porous material presenting an adsorption capacity of about 20 to 30% of its dry weight and comprising about 47 to 52 wt % of a composite structure of silicon and carbon, about 12 to 20 wt % carbon, about 5 to 7 wt % hydroxyl, and about 1 to 2 wt % oxygen.
- this material prefferably comprises a peripheral volume corresponding to essentially one-third of the total volume of the material, about 75 to 85% porosities whose dimensions are between 10 and 50 ⁇ and, in the remaining central volume, about 80 to 90% cavities whose dimensions are between about 200 ⁇ and 2 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface of the material according to the invention is between 1200 and 2200 m 2 /g.
- the material may advantageously include about 20 wt % aluminum oxides and about 5 wt % iodides.
- the relative humidity of this material is also advantageous for the relative humidity of this material to be less than 2 wt % with respect to the dry weight of the material.
- the invention also concerns a process for the treatment of a gaseous medium containing volatile organic compounds, consisting of directing a flow of said gaseous medium over a porous material according to the invention, to bring about adsorption of this flow which penetrates the porosities and the cavities of the material, then absorption of said flow, in the process of which a chemical reaction occurs between the volatile organic compounds of said flow and the material itself, to transform the volatile organic compounds into nontoxic gases, particularly CO 2 and/or SO 2 .
- the process according to the invention is more effective when the porous material according to the invention presents a very high number of porosities and cavities which allows diffusion of the gaseous flow throughout the material with a large specific surface.
- the chemical transformation of the gas flow is favored by the relatively long contact time between the gas flow and the material when the latter is penetrated by the flow.
- the treatment process according to the invention provides a contact time between the gas flow and the material which is between 0.08 and 0.12 sec.
- the invention also pertains to a device and a process for obtaining the material for the treatment of gaseous media according to the invention.
- This process consists of:
- preparing a clay base constituent comprising about 30 wt % clay with a particle size which is greater than 180 ⁇ m, and about 70 wt % clay with a particle size which is between 10 and 20 ⁇ m;
- the process also consists of heating the base constituent impregnated with aqueous solution, at the time of pretreatment, to a temperature between 200 and 250° C.
- the process of the invention also consists, advantageously, of emitting ultrasound waves at the time of this pretreatment, at a unit power of 2000 W and with an amplitude of 15 to 30 ⁇ m.
- Heating and treatment by ultrasound waves contribute to the creation of a porous structure.
- the process it is preferable, at the time of pretreatment, for the process to consist of carrying out another mixing operation at a third speed lower than the first and second, to enlarge the cavities and porosities of the resulting structure.
- the process according to the invention consists advantageously of filtering the liquid which results from the pretreatment of the preimpregnated base constituent.
- the liquid associated with the pretreated constituent preferably comprises about 10% by volume of a solution with a strong oxidizing potential.
- the pretreated constituent and the liquid are advantageously mixed by being heated to a temperature between 90 and 120° C.
- the mixing of the gel and the complementary products is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 70° C. and 80° C.
- the treatment with ultrasound to dry the mixture may advantageously be carried out over a length of 20 to 30 cm, under a specific output of 3 to 5000 W, an amplitude of 15 to 60 ⁇ m and a frequency of about 20 MHz.
- the material is preferably dried under a partial vacuum of 120 to 150 mbar and at a temperature between 90 and 100° C.
- the process according to the invention advantageously comprises a final stage of extrusion of the material.
- the invention also pertains to a device for implementation of the obtaining process according to the invention, which includes:
- an impregnator comprising a first mixer turning at a speed between 1200 and 1400 rpm to form a first mixture
- a first reactor comprising a second mixer turning at a speed between 800 and 1000 rpm to accomplish mixing under a pressure between 2 and 10 bar, to obtain a second mixture of the gel type;
- a second reactor comprising a mixer for a third mixture
- the impregnator of the device according to the invention prefferably includes a heating device which heats to a temperature between 200 and 250° C., as well as a device for the emission of ultrasound waves.
- the impregnator prefferably comprises another mixer turning at a speed between 500 and 800 rpm.
- the first reactor advantageously includes a heating device for heating to a temperature between 90 and 120° C.
- the second reactor advantageously includes a heating device for heating to a temperature between 70 and 80° C.
- the device for linear transfer of the second reactor is advantageously made up of a double screw whose rotation speed is between 5 and 150 rpm.
- the extrusion device preferable includes a variable screw which subjects the material from the first reactor to a pressure between 8 and 10 bar.
- FIG. 1 is a cross section of the device for obtaining the material for the treatment of gaseous media according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross section of the preimpregnator illustrated in FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the first and second reactors illustrated in FIG. 1,
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the evaluation of the pressure and the viscosity in the first reactor illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3,
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a piece of material according to the invention for the treatment of gaseous media
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along VI-VI of FIG. 5.
- the device according to the invention for obtaining material intended for the treatment of gaseous media generally includes an impregnator 1 which makes it possible to impregnate the base constituent of this material with an aqueous solution and to accomplish pretreatment to obtain a porous structure, a first reactor 2 to form a gel from the pretreated base constituent, and in which physicochemical reactions occur, and finally a second reactor 3 for drying the mixture obtained from the first reactor, and which ends with a device 4 for extrusion and shaping of the mixture from the second reactor.
- an impregnator 1 which makes it possible to impregnate the base constituent of this material with an aqueous solution and to accomplish pretreatment to obtain a porous structure
- a first reactor 2 to form a gel from the pretreated base constituent, and in which physicochemical reactions occur
- a second reactor 3 for drying the mixture obtained from the first reactor, and which ends with a device 4 for extrusion and shaping of the mixture from the second reactor.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the impregnator 1 , which is made up of a jacket 101 , preferably heated to a temperature between 200 and 250° C., in which the base constituent 10 of the material to be obtained can be introduced through conduit 102 .
- a liquid 19 can also be introduced, for example, by means of injection nozzles 103 .
- This base constituent is of the clay type, and comprises about 30 wt % of clay whose particle size is greater than 180 ⁇ m and about 70 wt % of clay whose particle size is between 10 and 20 ⁇ m.
- the liquid 19 is an aqueous solution comprising, by volume, 10% acetic acid, 5 to 10% citric acid, and 15 to 20% hydrogen peroxide.
- the introduction of the material 10 and the liquid 19 is regulated so that the volume of aqueous solution and the volume of base constituent introduced into the jacket 101 are essentially equal.
- the device 1 comprises, in the jacket 101 , a first mixer 110 comprising a blade 111 and a blade 112 , driven by a geared motor 113 . It is preferable for the rotation speed of the blades 111 and 112 to be between 1200 and 1400 rpm.
- This mixer 110 mixes the base constituent 10 and the aqueous solution 19 , and the bell shape of the blade 111 transmits a high peripheral speed to the mixer 11 .
- the base constituent is chemically sensitized by the aqueous solution and its molecular assemblies are put under mechanical stress on the blade 111 , because of its high speed. This facilitates the loss of cohesion of the metal atoms of the base constituent.
- This loss of cohesion is favored by heating of the enclosure 101 and by the additional mechanical action of the ultrasound waves emitted by the means 104 .
- this means 104 for emission of sound waves has a unit capacity of 2000 W and an amplitude of 15 to 30 ⁇ m, and these emissions are centered on the median part of the blade 111 .
- the base constituents, from which the metal atoms have been reduced is restructured into light assemblies with high porosity with a large number of cavities and pores, favored by the ultrasound treatment.
- the blade 112 finalizes the molecular reorganization of the cavities and porosities formed in this first mixture and makes them larger.
- the impregnator 1 comprises another jacket 120 in which there is provided a blade 121 rotated by a geared motor 122 , particularly at a speed between 500 and 800 rpm.
- This blade 121 causes the mixture 11 to exit peripherally through the conduit 123 .
- the blade 121 allows a certain dispersion of the mixture, but in particular it transmits weaker binding forces to the molecular assemblies. This structural relaxation increases the sizes of the pores and cavities, and favors their impregnation by a diffusion of the preimpregnated material to the core.
- a filtration device 129 which filters out the recovered metal atoms by isotopic separation.
- the clay base constituent contains metal ions in its atomic make-up, essentially iron, aluminum, chromium, manganese, and nickel, which are desirable to separate from the molecular assemblies, which should have as much capacity as possible to open into porosities and cavities.
- the mixture 11 from the preimpregnator 1 is introduced into the first reactor 2 through the conduit 123 .
- the liquid 12 from the removal loop 128 of the impregnator 1 is also introduced into the first reactor 2 , with a solution 13 having a strong oxidizing capacity brought by conduit 220 .
- the liquid 14 which results from this mixture is introduced into the first reactor 2 through the conduit 221 .
- the solution 13 with a strong oxidizing capacity represents about 10% of the total volume of the liquid 14 introduced into the first reactor 2 .
- the liquid 12 from the impregnator 1 is an acidified liquid.
- the mixture 11 represents 42 to 48% of the total volume, while the liquid 14 represents between 58 and 52% of the total volume.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the first and second reactors, 2 and 3 .
- the first reactor 2 comprises an envelope 201 , essentially cylindrical, which is closed on its upper part by a cover 202 .
- the cover 202 supports a geared motor 203 , which drives mixer 210 by rotation.
- the jacket 201 preferably comprises the means for heating to a temperature between 90 and 120° C.
- the cover 202 is under pressure, because of an intake of gas under pressure through the conduit 222 , and because of the sealing mechanism 204 between the motor 203 and the cover 202 .
- the pressure in the enclosure 201 is preferably between 2 and 10 bar.
- the mixer 210 comprises a barrell-shaped rotor 211 to which there is attached, on top, mixing blades 212 with a scissor effect and, on the bottom, streamlined blades 213 .
- An evacuation tube 233 is provided within the internal chamber 231 ;
- the tube 233 , the bell-shaped element 232 , and the internal and external chambers are all concentric.
- the mixture 11 and the liquid 14 introduced into the enclosure 201 are mixed vigorously by the blades 212 and 213 driven by the motor 203 .
- the resulting mixture 15 progressively causes the formation of a gel, whose viscosity increases in the internal chamber 231 .
- the speed of the mixer 210 is between 800 and 1000 rpm.
- the mixture 15 present in the internal chamber 231 then pours into the removal tube 233 through the overflow ports 234 presented by the tube on its upper part.
- the resulting gel 15 is then transferred by gravity to the second reactor 3 .
- the first reactor 2 also comprises a drainage device 234 on its lower part.
- Pressurization of the external chamber 230 is regulated by a level of deposit resulting from the distance between the level of the material between the external chamber 230 and the internal chamber 231 , delimited by E.
- the pressure regulates the time of the chemical reaction; the viscosity characterizes the transfer of the material in transit from the external chamber to the internal chamber.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing, in schematic form, with the curve 5 , the evolution of pressure inside the first reactor 1 and, with curve 6 , the evolution of viscosity in the same reactor.
- the transit time from the external chamber 230 to the exit of the internal chamber 231 is defined by the time interval (t1, t3), while the transit time in the internal chamber 231 is defined by the time interval (t2, t3).
- the integral of the distance between the curves 5 and 6 for the transit time in the internal chamber is represented by the shaded surface 7 .
- This integral defines the essential indicator for setting the parameters of the control system associated with the first reactor 2 which regulates pressurization, speed of the mixer 210 , the transit times (t1, t3) and (t2, t3), as well as the viscosity v s at the exit of the lower chamber 231 prior to overflow into the tube 233 .
- This type of control characterizes the continuous operation of the first reactor 1 , to assure the quality of the material produced.
- This reactor includes a tank 301 into which the removal tube 233 for the gel 15 formed in the first reactor 2 empties.
- These additional products 16 include a solution with a strong oxido-reductive potential representing about 10% of the total volume introduced into the second reactor 3 , a mixture of carbon and alumina representing about 12 to 15% of the total volume introduced, and calcium sulfate representing about 2% of the total volume introduced into the second reactor 3 .
- the second reactor Inside the tank 301 , the second reactor includes a mixer 310 .
- the tank 301 is preferably a heating tank, with its heating temperature being between 70 and 80° C.
- the mixer 310 mixes the gel 15 and the additional products 16 , the mixture 17 obtained being entrained by a double screw 320 which is provided on the upper part of the tank 301 of the second reactor 3 .
- This double screw which rotates in opposite directions, is driven by a geared motor 321 fed by a speed variator (not shown) which drives the double screw 320 at a speed between 5 and 150 rpm, depending on the high and low levels, 303 and 304, of the mixture 17 in the reactor 3 .
- the double screw 320 transfers the mixture 17 along a linear trajectory from left to right on FIG. 3.
- the second reactor 2 also includes the means 305 for emission of ultrasound waves, of the sonotrode type.
- this means 305 it is preferable for this means 305 to deliver a specific output of 3 to 5000 W, over a length of 20 to 30 cm, under an amplitude of 15 to 60 ⁇ m and with a frequency of approximately 20 MHz.
- the temperature of the mixture 17 is then between 90 and 100° C.
- the cavities and porosities present in the mixture 17 are emptied and dried by diffusion in the microporous structure, which causes reimpregnation of the material 18 obtained by microscopic diffusion of the impregnation liquid progressively constituted from the preimpregnator 1 to the means of ultrasound emission 305 .
- This drying is favored by the application of a partial vacuum within the enclosure 301 , this partial vacuum being between 120 and 150 mbar.
- this partial vacuum can be obtained by an exhaust fan 306 which aspirates the gases inside the enclosure 301 through the nozzles 307 , 308 to accelerate the circulation rates of the extracted gases.
- the device according to the invention comprises an extruding device 4 .
- This device 4 comprises an enclosure 401 in which there is a screw 410 which is rotated by a geared motor 411 .
- the material 18 from the second reactor 3 is pressed onto the variable screw 410 up to a pressure between 8 and 10 bar.
- the flow rate of the material 20 coming from the extruding device 4 is between 14 and 20 kg/min.
- the device 4 preferably includes a molding plate 412 so that the material 20 will be obtained in the form of granules or sheets, depending on the type of molding plate used.
- the material 20 illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 is a porous material which includes about 47 to 52 wt % of a composite structure of silicon and carbon, about 12 to 20 wt % carbon, about 5 to 7 wt % hydroxyl, and about 1 to 2 wt % oxygen.
- This material may also include about 20 wt % aluminum oxides and about 5 wt % iodides.
- this material comprises, in a peripheral volume 21 corresponding essentially to one-third the total volume of material, about 75 to 85% porosity 22 , whose dimensions are between 10 and 20 ⁇ and, in the remaining central volume 23 , about 80 to 90% cavities 24 whose dimensions are between about 200 ⁇ and 2 ⁇ m.
- the material 20 adsorbs a significant flow of gas circulating in the porosities 22 and the cavities 24 , then absorbs these gases by chemically transforming the volatile organic compounds present in this gas flow.
- these volatile organic compounds are transformed into nontoxic gases such as SO 2 and/or CO 2 .
- this material makes it possible to convert the ethylene present in a flow of carbon dioxide gas. Tests already conducted have demonstrated the efficacy of the porous material according to the invention.
- the efficacy of treatment of the volatile organic compounds is greater when the porous material of the invention has an equally large specific surface, specifically between 1200 and 2200 m 2 /g.
- the large number of porosities and cavities inside the porous material results in a relatively long contact time between the gas flow and the porous material when this flow penetrates it.
- this contact time can be between 0.08 and 0.12 sec.
- the relative humidity of the porous material is advantageously less than 2% of the dry weight of the material.
- This material has an absorption capacity on the order of 20 to 30% with respect to its dry weight, and it is particularly suitable for treatment of ethylene, ethylene dichlorides, ethylene oxides, aldehydes, and amines. It also neutralizes odors, particularly those resulting from hydrogen sulfide and other organic sulfides.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a material for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic components. According to the invention, the material is porous and exhibits an absorption capacity of approximately 20-30% in relation to the dry weight thereof, containing approximately 47-52% by weight of a composite carbon and silicon structure, approximately 12-20 wt. % carbon, approximately 5-7 wt % hydroxyl, and approximately 1-2 wt % oxygen. The invention can be used in atmospheric treatment for the preservation of living matter.
Description
- This invention pertains to a material for the treatment of gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds, such as ethylene, as well as a process for the treatment of gaseous media using this material.
- The invention also concerns a process and a device for obtaining said material.
- This material and the associated treatment process are used for the treatment of atmospheres in which living materials are stored, particularly in refrigerators or coolers.
- Ripening of living materials generates volatile organic compounds, such as ethylene, some of which cause autocatalysis of the ripening process. These compounds are also responsible for unpleasant odors, and usually generate microorganisms and contaminants such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts. Therefore, they are harmful to the proper storage of living materials because they can cause biological degradation, which is detrimental to storage and to consumer health.
- These compounds are very light, and therefore they can circulate readily through ventilation or air conditioning systems.
- In known storage systems, the atmospheres receive no particular treatment, and this results in a number of sanitary risks.
- The purpose of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages by offering a material for the treatment of gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds and a treatment process using this material which allows for chemical transformation of the volatile organic compounds into harmless gases; the structure of this material makes this treatment process particularly effective.
- Thus, the invention concerns a material for the treatment of gaseous media comprising volatile organic compounds, this porous material presenting an adsorption capacity of about 20 to 30% of its dry weight and comprising about 47 to 52 wt % of a composite structure of silicon and carbon, about 12 to 20 wt % carbon, about 5 to 7 wt % hydroxyl, and about 1 to 2 wt % oxygen.
- It is preferable for this material to comprise a peripheral volume corresponding to essentially one-third of the total volume of the material, about 75 to 85% porosities whose dimensions are between 10 and 50 Å and, in the remaining central volume, about 80 to 90% cavities whose dimensions are between about 200 Å and 2 μm.
- It is preferable for the specific surface of the material according to the invention to be between 1200 and 2200 m2/g.
- The material may advantageously include about 20 wt % aluminum oxides and about 5 wt % iodides.
- It is also advantageous for the relative humidity of this material to be less than 2 wt % with respect to the dry weight of the material.
- The invention also concerns a process for the treatment of a gaseous medium containing volatile organic compounds, consisting of directing a flow of said gaseous medium over a porous material according to the invention, to bring about adsorption of this flow which penetrates the porosities and the cavities of the material, then absorption of said flow, in the process of which a chemical reaction occurs between the volatile organic compounds of said flow and the material itself, to transform the volatile organic compounds into nontoxic gases, particularly CO2 and/or SO2.
- The process according to the invention is more effective when the porous material according to the invention presents a very high number of porosities and cavities which allows diffusion of the gaseous flow throughout the material with a large specific surface. The chemical transformation of the gas flow is favored by the relatively long contact time between the gas flow and the material when the latter is penetrated by the flow.
- Thus, the treatment process according to the invention provides a contact time between the gas flow and the material which is between 0.08 and 0.12 sec.
- The invention also pertains to a device and a process for obtaining the material for the treatment of gaseous media according to the invention.
- This process consists of:
- preparing a clay base constituent comprising about 30 wt % clay with a particle size which is greater than 180 μm, and about 70 wt % clay with a particle size which is between 10 and 20 μm;
- impregnating this base constituent with an aqueous solution containing about 10% by volume of acetic acid, between 5 and 10% by volume of citric acid, and between 15 and 20% by volume of hydrogen peroxide, the volume of the solution being essentially equal to the volume of the base constituent,
- applying a pretreatment of the base constituent impregnated with said solution by mixing it at a first pre-determined speed to create a porous structure,
- mixing, at a pressure between 2 and 10 bar, the constituent which has been pretreated with an acidified liquid having a strong oxidizing potential, at a second speed lower than the first, to cause the liquid to penetrate the pretreated constituent and to form a gel, the quantity of pretreated constituent being between 42 and 48% of the total volume mixed, while the quantity of liquid is between 58 and 52% of the total volume mixed,
- mixing said gel with complementary products comprising a solution with a strong oxido-reductive potential representing about 10% of the total volume, a mixture of carbon and alumina representing about 12 to 15% of the total volume and calcium sulfate representing about 2% of the total volume
- drying the resulting mixture by ultrasound treatment of the material which has been mixed and transferred linearly, and
- pressing the dried material under a pressure of 8 to 10 bar.
- It is preferable for the process according to the invention to be implemented continuously.
- It is preferable if the process also consists of heating the base constituent impregnated with aqueous solution, at the time of pretreatment, to a temperature between 200 and 250° C.
- The process of the invention also consists, advantageously, of emitting ultrasound waves at the time of this pretreatment, at a unit power of 2000 W and with an amplitude of 15 to 30 μm.
- Heating and treatment by ultrasound waves contribute to the creation of a porous structure.
- It is preferable, at the time of pretreatment, for the process to consist of carrying out another mixing operation at a third speed lower than the first and second, to enlarge the cavities and porosities of the resulting structure.
- The process according to the invention consists advantageously of filtering the liquid which results from the pretreatment of the preimpregnated base constituent.
- The liquid associated with the pretreated constituent preferably comprises about 10% by volume of a solution with a strong oxidizing potential.
- The pretreated constituent and the liquid are advantageously mixed by being heated to a temperature between 90 and 120° C.
- The mixing of the gel and the complementary products is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 70° C. and 80° C.
- The treatment with ultrasound to dry the mixture may advantageously be carried out over a length of 20 to 30 cm, under a specific output of 3 to 5000 W, an amplitude of 15 to 60 μm and a frequency of about 20 MHz.
- The material is preferably dried under a partial vacuum of 120 to 150 mbar and at a temperature between 90 and 100° C.
- Finally, the process according to the invention advantageously comprises a final stage of extrusion of the material.
- The invention also pertains to a device for implementation of the obtaining process according to the invention, which includes:
- an impregnator comprising a first mixer turning at a speed between 1200 and 1400 rpm to form a first mixture,
- a first reactor comprising a second mixer turning at a speed between 800 and 1000 rpm to accomplish mixing under a pressure between 2 and 10 bar, to obtain a second mixture of the gel type;
- a second reactor comprising a mixer for a third mixture;
- a device which accomplishes linear transfer of said third mixture and at leastone ultrasound device delivering a power of 3 to 5000 W, on at least one part of the trajectory of said third mixture, and
- a high-pressure extrusion device.
- It is preferable for the impregnator of the device according to the invention to include a heating device which heats to a temperature between 200 and 250° C., as well as a device for the emission of ultrasound waves.
- It is advantageous for the impregnator to be combined with a device for filtration of the liquid evacuated from the impregnator.
- It is preferable for the impregnator to comprise another mixer turning at a speed between 500 and 800 rpm.
- The first reactor advantageously includes a heating device for heating to a temperature between 90 and 120° C.
- The second reactor advantageously includes a heating device for heating to a temperature between 70 and 80° C.
- Finally, the device for linear transfer of the second reactor is advantageously made up of a double screw whose rotation speed is between 5 and 150 rpm.
- Finally, the extrusion device preferable includes a variable screw which subjects the material from the first reactor to a pressure between 8 and 10 bar.
- The invention is more completely understood and its other purposes, advantages, and characteristics more clear upon reading of the following description related to the attached drawings which represent nonlimiting examples of the embodiment of the invention, and in which:
- FIG. 1 is a cross section of the device for obtaining the material for the treatment of gaseous media according to the invention,
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross section of the preimpregnator illustrated in FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the first and second reactors illustrated in FIG. 1,
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the evaluation of the pressure and the viscosity in the first reactor illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3,
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a piece of material according to the invention for the treatment of gaseous media, and
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view along VI-VI of FIG. 5.
- With reference to FIG. 1, the device according to the invention for obtaining material intended for the treatment of gaseous media generally includes an impregnator1 which makes it possible to impregnate the base constituent of this material with an aqueous solution and to accomplish pretreatment to obtain a porous structure, a
first reactor 2 to form a gel from the pretreated base constituent, and in which physicochemical reactions occur, and finally asecond reactor 3 for drying the mixture obtained from the first reactor, and which ends with a device 4 for extrusion and shaping of the mixture from the second reactor. - FIG. 2 illustrates the impregnator1, which is made up of a
jacket 101, preferably heated to a temperature between 200 and 250° C., in which thebase constituent 10 of the material to be obtained can be introduced throughconduit 102. - In this
jacket 101, aliquid 19 can also be introduced, for example, by means ofinjection nozzles 103. - This base constituent is of the clay type, and comprises about 30 wt % of clay whose particle size is greater than 180 μm and about 70 wt % of clay whose particle size is between 10 and 20 μm.
- The
liquid 19 is an aqueous solution comprising, by volume, 10% acetic acid, 5 to 10% citric acid, and 15 to 20% hydrogen peroxide. - The introduction of the
material 10 and theliquid 19 is regulated so that the volume of aqueous solution and the volume of base constituent introduced into thejacket 101 are essentially equal. - The device1 comprises, in the
jacket 101, afirst mixer 110 comprising ablade 111 and ablade 112, driven by a gearedmotor 113. It is preferable for the rotation speed of theblades - This
mixer 110 mixes the base constituent 10 and theaqueous solution 19, and the bell shape of theblade 111 transmits a high peripheral speed to themixer 11. - Thus, in the
enclosure 101, the base constituent is chemically sensitized by the aqueous solution and its molecular assemblies are put under mechanical stress on theblade 111, because of its high speed. This facilitates the loss of cohesion of the metal atoms of the base constituent. - This loss of cohesion is favored by heating of the
enclosure 101 and by the additional mechanical action of the ultrasound waves emitted by themeans 104. - Preferably, this means104 for emission of sound waves has a unit capacity of 2000 W and an amplitude of 15 to 30 μm, and these emissions are centered on the median part of the
blade 111. - Thus, in the
enclosure 101, the base constituents, from which the metal atoms have been reduced, is restructured into light assemblies with high porosity with a large number of cavities and pores, favored by the ultrasound treatment. Theblade 112 finalizes the molecular reorganization of the cavities and porosities formed in this first mixture and makes them larger. - The impregnator1 comprises another
jacket 120 in which there is provided ablade 121 rotated by a gearedmotor 122, particularly at a speed between 500 and 800 rpm. - This
blade 121 causes themixture 11 to exit peripherally through theconduit 123. - The
blade 121 allows a certain dispersion of the mixture, but in particular it transmits weaker binding forces to the molecular assemblies. This structural relaxation increases the sizes of the pores and cavities, and favors their impregnation by a diffusion of the preimpregnated material to the core. - The liquid, which is lighter than the mixture, is recovered in the
conduits removal loop 128. - On the
removal loop 128, there is provided afiltration device 129 which filters out the recovered metal atoms by isotopic separation. - In fact, the clay base constituent contains metal ions in its atomic make-up, essentially iron, aluminum, chromium, manganese, and nickel, which are desirable to separate from the molecular assemblies, which should have as much capacity as possible to open into porosities and cavities.
- Returning to FIG. 1, the
mixture 11 from the preimpregnator 1 is introduced into thefirst reactor 2 through theconduit 123. - The liquid12 from the
removal loop 128 of the impregnator 1 is also introduced into thefirst reactor 2, with asolution 13 having a strong oxidizing capacity brought byconduit 220. The liquid 14 which results from this mixture is introduced into thefirst reactor 2 through theconduit 221. - The
solution 13 with a strong oxidizing capacity represents about 10% of the total volume of the liquid 14 introduced into thefirst reactor 2. The liquid 12 from the impregnator 1 is an acidified liquid. - In addition, among the materials introduced into the
first reactor 2, themixture 11 represents 42 to 48% of the total volume, while the liquid 14 represents between 58 and 52% of the total volume. - Reference in now made to FIG. 3, which illustrates the first and second reactors,2 and 3.
- The
first reactor 2 comprises anenvelope 201, essentially cylindrical, which is closed on its upper part by acover 202. - The
cover 202 supports a gearedmotor 203, which drivesmixer 210 by rotation. - The
jacket 201 preferably comprises the means for heating to a temperature between 90 and 120° C. - The
cover 202 is under pressure, because of an intake of gas under pressure through theconduit 222, and because of thesealing mechanism 204 between themotor 203 and thecover 202. The pressure in theenclosure 201 is preferably between 2 and 10 bar. - The
mixer 210 comprises a barrell-shapedrotor 211 to which there is attached, on top, mixingblades 212 with a scissor effect and, on the bottom,streamlined blades 213. - Within the
rotor 211, there are anexternal chamber 230 and aninternal chamber 231, separated by a barrell-shapedelement 232. - An
evacuation tube 233 is provided within theinternal chamber 231; Thetube 233, the bell-shapedelement 232, and the internal and external chambers are all concentric. - The
mixture 11 and the liquid 14 introduced into theenclosure 201 are mixed vigorously by theblades motor 203. The resultingmixture 15 progressively causes the formation of a gel, whose viscosity increases in theinternal chamber 231. - The speed of the
mixer 210 is between 800 and 1000 rpm. - The
mixture 15 present in theinternal chamber 231 then pours into theremoval tube 233 through theoverflow ports 234 presented by the tube on its upper part. - The resulting
gel 15 is then transferred by gravity to thesecond reactor 3. - The
first reactor 2 also comprises adrainage device 234 on its lower part. - Pressurization of the
external chamber 230 is regulated by a level of deposit resulting from the distance between the level of the material between theexternal chamber 230 and theinternal chamber 231, delimited by E. - The pressure regulates the time of the chemical reaction; the viscosity characterizes the transfer of the material in transit from the external chamber to the internal chamber.
- Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which is a diagram showing, in schematic form, with the curve5, the evolution of pressure inside the first reactor 1 and, with
curve 6, the evolution of viscosity in the same reactor. - The transit time from the
external chamber 230 to the exit of theinternal chamber 231 is defined by the time interval (t1, t3), while the transit time in theinternal chamber 231 is defined by the time interval (t2, t3). - The integral of the distance between the
curves 5 and 6 for the transit time in the internal chamber is represented by the shaded surface 7. This integral defines the essential indicator for setting the parameters of the control system associated with thefirst reactor 2 which regulates pressurization, speed of themixer 210, the transit times (t1, t3) and (t2, t3), as well as the viscosity vs at the exit of thelower chamber 231 prior to overflow into thetube 233. - This type of control characterizes the continuous operation of the first reactor1, to assure the quality of the material produced.
- Reference is made again to FIG. 3 to describe the
second reactor 3. - This reactor includes a
tank 301 into which theremoval tube 233 for thegel 15 formed in thefirst reactor 2 empties. - At the upper part of the
tank 301,additional products 16 are introduced, preferably by means of anintroduction ring 302. - These
additional products 16 include a solution with a strong oxido-reductive potential representing about 10% of the total volume introduced into thesecond reactor 3, a mixture of carbon and alumina representing about 12 to 15% of the total volume introduced, and calcium sulfate representing about 2% of the total volume introduced into thesecond reactor 3. - Inside the
tank 301, the second reactor includes amixer 310. - The
tank 301 is preferably a heating tank, with its heating temperature being between 70 and 80° C. - The
mixer 310 mixes thegel 15 and theadditional products 16, themixture 17 obtained being entrained by adouble screw 320 which is provided on the upper part of thetank 301 of thesecond reactor 3. - This double screw, which rotates in opposite directions, is driven by a geared
motor 321 fed by a speed variator (not shown) which drives thedouble screw 320 at a speed between 5 and 150 rpm, depending on the high and low levels, 303 and 304, of themixture 17 in thereactor 3. - The
double screw 320 transfers themixture 17 along a linear trajectory from left to right on FIG. 3. - The
second reactor 2 also includes themeans 305 for emission of ultrasound waves, of the sonotrode type. - It is preferable for this means305 to deliver a specific output of 3 to 5000 W, over a length of 20 to 30 cm, under an amplitude of 15 to 60 μm and with a frequency of approximately 20 MHz.
- The temperature of the
mixture 17 is then between 90 and 100° C. - At the time of this ultrasound treatment, the cavities and porosities present in the
mixture 17 are emptied and dried by diffusion in the microporous structure, which causes reimpregnation of the material 18 obtained by microscopic diffusion of the impregnation liquid progressively constituted from the preimpregnator 1 to the means ofultrasound emission 305. - This drying is favored by the application of a partial vacuum within the
enclosure 301, this partial vacuum being between 120 and 150 mbar. - In particular, this partial vacuum can be obtained by an
exhaust fan 306 which aspirates the gases inside theenclosure 301 through thenozzles - Finally, the device according to the invention comprises an extruding device4.
- This device4 comprises an
enclosure 401 in which there is ascrew 410 which is rotated by a gearedmotor 411. - Thus, the material18 from the
second reactor 3 is pressed onto thevariable screw 410 up to a pressure between 8 and 10 bar. The flow rate of the material 20 coming from the extruding device 4 is between 14 and 20 kg/min. - The device4 preferably includes a
molding plate 412 so that thematerial 20 will be obtained in the form of granules or sheets, depending on the type of molding plate used. - The material obtained at the exit of the extrusion device4 is shown schematically in FIGS. 5 and 6.
- The
material 20 illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 is a porous material which includes about 47 to 52 wt % of a composite structure of silicon and carbon, about 12 to 20 wt % carbon, about 5 to 7 wt % hydroxyl, and about 1 to 2 wt % oxygen. - This material may also include about 20 wt % aluminum oxides and about 5 wt % iodides.
- As shown in FIG. 6, this material comprises, in a
peripheral volume 21 corresponding essentially to one-third the total volume of material, about 75 to 85% porosity 22, whose dimensions are between 10 and 20 Å and, in the remainingcentral volume 23, about 80 to 90% cavities 24 whose dimensions are between about 200 Å and 2 μm. - Thus, since the
porosities 22 empty into thecavities 24 of the central volume, a gaseous flow can penetrate into the material through theporosities 22 which constitute circulation routes, as far ascavities 24, in which the gaseous flow can swirl. - Therefore, the
material 20 adsorbs a significant flow of gas circulating in theporosities 22 and thecavities 24, then absorbs these gases by chemically transforming the volatile organic compounds present in this gas flow. - In general, these volatile organic compounds are transformed into nontoxic gases such as SO2 and/or CO2.
- In particular, this material makes it possible to convert the ethylene present in a flow of carbon dioxide gas. Tests already conducted have demonstrated the efficacy of the porous material according to the invention.
- The efficacy of treatment of the volatile organic compounds is greater when the porous material of the invention has an equally large specific surface, specifically between 1200 and 2200 m2/g.
- In addition, the large number of porosities and cavities inside the porous material results in a relatively long contact time between the gas flow and the porous material when this flow penetrates it. In particular, this contact time can be between 0.08 and 0.12 sec.
- Finally, the relative humidity of the porous material is advantageously less than 2% of the dry weight of the material.
- This material has an absorption capacity on the order of 20 to 30% with respect to its dry weight, and it is particularly suitable for treatment of ethylene, ethylene dichlorides, ethylene oxides, aldehydes, and amines. It also neutralizes odors, particularly those resulting from hydrogen sulfide and other organic sulfides.
- The reference signs inserted after the technical characteristics listed in the claims are intended only to facilitate an understanding of these claims, and do not limit their scope.
Claims (27)
1. A material for the treatment of gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds, the porous material presenting an adsorption capacity of about 20 to 30% with respect to its dry weight and comprising about 47 to 52 wt % of a composite structure of silicon and carbon, about 12 to 20 wt % carbon, about 5 to 7 wt % hydroxyl, and about 1 to 2 wt % oxygen.
2. The material according to claim 1 , comprising, in a peripheral volume corresponding to essentially one-third of a total volume of the material, about 75 to 85% porosity, and having pores with dimensions between 10 and 50 Å and, in a remaining central volume, about 80 to 90% cavities having dimensions between about 200 Å and 2 μm.
3. The material according to claim 1 having a specific surface of between 1200 and 2200 m2/g.
4. The material according to claim 1 , comprising about 20 wt % aluminum oxides and about 5 wt % iodides.
5. The material according to claim 1 , having a relative humidity lower than 2% of its dry weight.
6. A process for the treatment of a gaseous medium containing volatile organic compounds, consisting of directing a flow of the gaseous medium over a porous material according to claim 1 , to cause adsorption of the flow, which penetrates pores and cavities of the material so absorption of the flow, during which a chemical reaction occurs between the volatile organic compounds of the flow and the material, to transform the volatile organic compounds into nontoxic gases.
7. The process according to claim 6 , in which contact time between the gaseous flow and the material is between 0.08 and 0.12 sec.
8. The process for obtaining a porous material according to claim 1 , comprising:
preparing a base constituent of clay comprising about 30 wt % of a clay with a particle size greater than 180 μm and about 70 wt % of a clay with a particle size between 10 and 20 μm,
impregnating the base constituent with an aqueous solution comprising about 10% by volume of acetic acid, between 5 and 10% by volume of citric acid, and between 15 and 20% by volume of peroxide, the volume of the solution being essentially equal to the volume of the base constituents,
pretreating the base constituents impregnated with the aqueous solution by mixing at a first speed to create a porous structure,
mixing, under a pressure between 2 and 10 bar, the base constituent, after pretreating with an acidified liquid with a strong oxidizing potential, at a second speed lower than the first speed, to cause the acidified liquid to penetrate the pretreated constituent and to form a gel, the pretreated constituent being between 42 and 48% of the total volume mixed, while the liquid is between 58 and 52% of the total volume mixed;
mixing the gel with a solution with a strong oxido-reductive potential, which represents about 10% of the total volume, a mixture of carbon and alumina representing about 12 to 15% of the total volume, and calcium sulfate representing about 2% of the total volume;
drying the mixture produced by ultrasound treatment, and
pressing the mixture, after drying, under a pressure between 8 and 10 bar.
9. The process according to claim 8 , implemented continuously.
10. The process according to claim 8 , including heating the base constituent impregnated with the aqueous solution in pretreating, at a temperature between 200 and 250° C.
11. The process according to claim 8 , including applying ultrasound waves at pretreating, at a unit power of 2000 W and with an amplitude of 15 to 30 μm.
12. The process according to claim 8 , including, in pretreating, mixing at a third speed, lower than the first and second speeds, to enlarge the cavities and pores.
13. The process according to claim 8 , including filtering a liquid resulting from pretreating the base constituent.
14. The process according to claim 8 , in which the acidified liquid comprises about 10% by volume of a solution with a strong oxidizing potential.
15. The process according to claim 8 , including mixing the base constituent, after pretreating and the acidified liquid while being heated to a temperature between 90 and 120° C.
16. The process according to claim 8 , including mixing of the gel at a temperature between 70 and 80° C.
17. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the treatment by ultrasound waves, to dry the mixture is carried out at a length of 20 to 30 cm, under a specific output of 3- to 5000 W, an amplitude of 15 to 60 μm, and a frequency of about 20 MHz.
18. The process according to claim 8 , including drying the mixture under a partial vacuum of 120 to 150 mbar and at a temperature between 90 and 100° C.
19. The process according to claim 8 , comprising extruding the mixture, after drying.
20. An apparatus for implementation of the process according to claim 8 , comprising:
an impregnator including a first mixer rotating at a speed between 1200 and 1400 rpm to form a first mixture,
a first reactors including a second mixer rotating at a speed between 800 and 1000 rpm to accomplish mixing under pressure between 2 and 10 bar, to create a second mixture as a gel,
a second reactor including a mixer to create a third mixture,
a device for linear transfer of the third mixture and at least one ultrasound device delivering a power of 3 to 5000 W, on at least one part of a trajectory of said third mixture, and
a high-pressure extrusion devices.
21. The apparatus according to claim 20 , in which the impregnator includes a heating device for heating to a temperature between 200 and 250° C., as well as a device for emitting ultrasound waves.
22. The apparatus according to claim 20 including a filtration device for filtering a liquid extracted from the impregnator.
23. The apparatus according to claim 20 , wherein the impregnator includes a second mixer rotating at a speed between 500 and 800 rpm.
24. The apparatus according to claim 20 , wherein the first reactor includes a heating device heating to a temperature between 90 and 120° C.
25. The apparatus according to claim 20 , wherein the second reactor includes a heating device for heating to a temperature between 70 and 80° C.
26. The apparatus according to claim 20 , in which the linear transfer device of the second reactor includes a double screw having a rotation speed between 5 and 150 rpm.
27. The apparatus according to claim 20 , wherein the extrusion device includes a variable screw which subjects the material from the second reactor to a pressure between 8 and 10 bar.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/827,312 US20040198848A1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2004-04-20 | Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9905321A FR2792849B1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF GASEOUS MEDIA CONTAINING VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
FR99/05321 | 1999-04-27 | ||
US09/959,521 US6723296B2 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2001-04-25 | Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds |
US10/827,312 US20040198848A1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2004-04-20 | Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2000/001080 Division WO2000064577A1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2000-04-25 | Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds |
US09/959,521 Division US6723296B2 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2001-04-25 | Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040198848A1 true US20040198848A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
Family
ID=9544918
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/959,521 Expired - Fee Related US6723296B2 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2001-04-25 | Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds |
US10/827,312 Abandoned US20040198848A1 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2004-04-20 | Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/959,521 Expired - Fee Related US6723296B2 (en) | 1999-04-27 | 2001-04-25 | Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6723296B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1196240B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002542028A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1147354C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE333932T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4303000A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0010090A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2372232A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60029592T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2267522T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2792849B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1196240E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2257260C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000064577A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2839297A1 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-07 | Rasar Holding N V | CAVITE PACKAGING MATERIAL, PARTICULARLY FOR PLANT MATERIAL |
FR2839270A1 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-07 | Rasar Holding N V | GAS RETAINING MATERIAL, INSTALLATION FOR MANUFACTURING SAME AND ITS APPLICATIONS |
KR100644883B1 (en) | 2005-05-24 | 2006-11-14 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Compact voc recovery system |
CN111068600A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-28 | 浙江中特化工有限公司 | Retort is used in production of organosilicon adhesive |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3960771A (en) * | 1973-04-20 | 1976-06-01 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. | Composite adsorbent |
US4054537A (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-10-18 | N L Industries, Inc. | Process for synthesizing compositions containing smectite-type clays and gellants produced thereby |
US5231066A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1993-07-27 | Quantum Chemical Corporation | Bimodal silica gel, its preparation and use as a catalyst support |
US5578283A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1996-11-26 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic oxidation catalyst and method for controlling VOC, CO and halogenated organic emissions |
US6033638A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-03-07 | Campbell; Larry E. | Sequential adsorptive capture and catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds in a reactor bed |
US6051199A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 2000-04-18 | Regenerative Environmental Equipment Co., Inc. | Integrated catalytic/adsorption process for destroying volatile organic compounds |
US6319484B1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-11-20 | Engelhard Corporation | Compositions for abatement of volatile organic compounds and apparatus and methods using the same |
US6503469B2 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2003-01-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method for processing polluted fluid containing pollutants |
US20030104131A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-05 | Hidetaka Konno | Preparation of C/Si/O composite material |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0252040A (en) * | 1988-08-11 | 1990-02-21 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Ethylene adsorbent and method for keeping freshness of plant |
US5451444A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1995-09-19 | Deliso; Evelyn M. | Carbon-coated inorganic substrates |
FR2758551A1 (en) * | 1997-01-20 | 1998-07-24 | Henri Louis Marie Drean | Method for augmenting the porosity of clay supports such as sepiolite |
DE69818815D1 (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 2003-11-13 | Alvarez Jesus Blanco | NATURAL SILICATES WITH FIBER STRUCTURE |
FR2767645A1 (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-05 | Henri Louis Marie Drean | PRESERVATION PRODUCT FOR LIVING MATERIALS PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR OBTAINING SAME |
-
1999
- 1999-04-27 FR FR9905321A patent/FR2792849B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-04-25 JP JP2000613561A patent/JP2002542028A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-04-25 RU RU2001129152/15A patent/RU2257260C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-25 CN CNB008085625A patent/CN1147354C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-25 ES ES00922731T patent/ES2267522T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-25 BR BR0010090-0A patent/BR0010090A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-25 AT AT00922731T patent/ATE333932T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-25 DE DE60029592T patent/DE60029592T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-25 CA CA002372232A patent/CA2372232A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-25 WO PCT/FR2000/001080 patent/WO2000064577A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-25 AU AU43030/00A patent/AU4303000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-25 EP EP00922731A patent/EP1196240B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-25 PT PT00922731T patent/PT1196240E/en unknown
-
2001
- 2001-04-25 US US09/959,521 patent/US6723296B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-20 US US10/827,312 patent/US20040198848A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3960771A (en) * | 1973-04-20 | 1976-06-01 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. | Composite adsorbent |
US4054537A (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-10-18 | N L Industries, Inc. | Process for synthesizing compositions containing smectite-type clays and gellants produced thereby |
US5231066A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1993-07-27 | Quantum Chemical Corporation | Bimodal silica gel, its preparation and use as a catalyst support |
US5578283A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1996-11-26 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic oxidation catalyst and method for controlling VOC, CO and halogenated organic emissions |
US6051199A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 2000-04-18 | Regenerative Environmental Equipment Co., Inc. | Integrated catalytic/adsorption process for destroying volatile organic compounds |
US6033638A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-03-07 | Campbell; Larry E. | Sequential adsorptive capture and catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds in a reactor bed |
US6503469B2 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2003-01-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method for processing polluted fluid containing pollutants |
US6319484B1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-11-20 | Engelhard Corporation | Compositions for abatement of volatile organic compounds and apparatus and methods using the same |
US20030104131A1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-05 | Hidetaka Konno | Preparation of C/Si/O composite material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60029592D1 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
ES2267522T3 (en) | 2007-03-16 |
PT1196240E (en) | 2006-11-30 |
EP1196240B1 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
CN1354685A (en) | 2002-06-19 |
FR2792849A1 (en) | 2000-11-03 |
FR2792849B1 (en) | 2001-12-07 |
BR0010090A (en) | 2002-03-26 |
DE60029592T2 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
EP1196240A1 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
US20030152505A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
RU2001129152A (en) | 2004-03-10 |
AU4303000A (en) | 2000-11-10 |
RU2257260C2 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
WO2000064577A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
JP2002542028A (en) | 2002-12-10 |
CN1147354C (en) | 2004-04-28 |
US6723296B2 (en) | 2004-04-20 |
CA2372232A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
ATE333932T1 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5885467A (en) | Method and apparatus for making oxygen enriched liquids | |
EP0322424B1 (en) | Process for composting organic material and device for carrying out this process | |
EP0466362A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for drying powdered or granular materials | |
GB2013102A (en) | A filter material and its manufacture | |
US7968153B2 (en) | Continuous method for production of a regioselective porous hollow fibre membrane | |
IL113281A (en) | Process and apparatus for enriching water with oxygen | |
US6723296B2 (en) | Material and method for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic compounds | |
CN106902574B (en) | A kind of air purifying filter core and its preparation method and application based on glass fibre and alumina fibre skeleton | |
EP0015941B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for expanding tobacco | |
JP2673382B2 (en) | Method and device for removing offensive odors in cork material for use in cork stoppers | |
JPH03161050A (en) | Manufacture of adsorptive sheet | |
EP1253110A2 (en) | Ozone supplying apparatus | |
RU2057709C1 (en) | Carbon article and method for its production | |
Fatima et al. | Tailoring Zeolite-Composite (ZC) Impregnated Thermally Endured Nonporous Cellulose Acetate Membranes for Potential Gas Separation and Antibacterial Performances | |
JP3971542B2 (en) | Microorganism carrier | |
US3444278A (en) | Method for producing a filter cartridge | |
JPH09253176A (en) | Deodorizer and usage thereof | |
GB1457014A (en) | Beads of polymer foam process for producing remouldable panels | |
CN117303691A (en) | Bionic sludge biological drying reactor | |
DE102022123521A1 (en) | System and process for separating carbon dioxide from the ambient air | |
JPH1147612A (en) | Preparation of photocatalyst body | |
EP3543320A1 (en) | Device and method for enhancing biochar hydrophilicity | |
JPS61141901A (en) | Variable pressure treatment of substance | |
FR2377431A1 (en) | Open cell thermoplastics e.g. for filters and noise dampers - made by compressing thermoplastics with polar organic liq. and heating | |
CN109529788A (en) | Porous Gluten high molecule nano material of high absorption property and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: RASAR HOLDING N. V., NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ECTIUM B.V.;REEL/FRAME:016982/0290 Effective date: 20060106 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE |