US20040145346A1 - Charge control circuit and method for charging multiple battery cells - Google Patents
Charge control circuit and method for charging multiple battery cells Download PDFInfo
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- US20040145346A1 US20040145346A1 US10/351,114 US35111403A US2004145346A1 US 20040145346 A1 US20040145346 A1 US 20040145346A1 US 35111403 A US35111403 A US 35111403A US 2004145346 A1 US2004145346 A1 US 2004145346A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to power storage systems for satellites, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for charging battery cells and controlling the state of charge of the battery cells during charging.
- Lithium ion batteries are a desirable source for storing power in various types of systems such as satellite systems.
- a number of battery cells are typically used together to obtain the desired voltage. Maintaining a predetermined state of charge on the batteries is important to maintain the useful life of the battery.
- a parallel series single battery bus 10 has a plurality of battery cells 12 coupled together in parallel strings 14 .
- each parallel string has eight cells.
- Each of the strings 14 is coupled in series.
- a DC-to-DC converter 16 is coupled in series with the plurality of series connected strings 14 .
- each string would be provided with its own power supply for topping off the charge therein.
- One problem with such a configuration is that the number of charge balancing circuits required for such a configuration (one for each cell) increases the cost and mass of the system. In satellite systems in particular, reducing cost and mass is an important priority.
- Another problem with such a configuration is the number of charge balancing circuits make the system intrinsically less reliable. Also, each of the charge balancing circuits must be tied to a common reference voltage which in practice may be difficult to accomplish.
- Serial parallel battery bus 20 includes a plurality of series coupled string 22 of cells 24 .
- Each of the series coupled strings 22 has a DC-to-DC converter that couples each of the strings 22 to the common bus 28 .
- the series parallel bus 24 requires an eight-fold increase in DC-to-DC converters.
- the total mass of eight smaller converters is significantly greater than the mass of the single converter shown in FIG. 1.
- Another disadvantage of this approach is that each cell must be equipped with a charge balancing circuit.
- the electrical connection of eight cells in the parallel series array of FIG. 1 leads to the requirement for twenty-four circuits.
- series parallel topology requires eight times as many circuits. That is, 192 charge balancing circuits are required in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
- the present invention provides a system suitable for multiple cells of a battery system that reduces the overall mass of the system be reducing the number of charge balancing circuits required.
- a charging circuit has a plurality of parallel strings of series connected battery cells.
- a plurality of virtual cells are formed in parallel from at least two cells from two different parallel strings.
- a plurality of charge balancing units are each respectively coupled to one of the plurality of virtual cells.
- the virtual cell configuration is when the discharging of the cells is required before recharging to the same state of charge.
- a method of charging a battery system comprises a method of charging a battery system includes providing a plurality of strings of series connected battery cells, forming a plurality of virtual cells by coupling battery cells in parallel from at least two different strings of the plurality of parallel strings, discharging each of the battery cells in the virtual cells to a predetermined substantially equal state of charge, and charging each of the battery cells.
- One advantage of the invention is that the reliability and mass of the overall system is greatly reduced due to the reduced number of charging circuits required.
- the configuration of the present invention overcomes the major drawbacks of the parallel series in series parallel connections described above in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a parallel series single battery bus according to the prior art.
- FIG. 2 is a series parallel multiple battery bus formed according to the prior art.
- FIG. 3 is a high level block diagrammatic view of a battery circuit formed according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a battery circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a detailed schematic view of a virtual cell charge management topology of FIG. 4.
- the present invention is described with respect to a charge control circuit for a satellite. However, the present invention may also be used to charge various types of systems including electric vehicles.
- Electrical system 42 includes a battery circuit 44 and a controller 46 that control the charging and discharging of the battery circuit.
- the controller 46 is preferably microprocessor-based and may perform various functions other than battery controlling circuits such as other functions in the telemetry command and control of satellite 40 .
- Electrical system 42 may also include solar arrays 48 . Solar arrays 48 may provide energy to recharge the battery circuit 44 .
- Battery circuit 44 includes a plurality of battery blocks 50 that are each coupled to a main bus 52 .
- the controller 46 may be a discharge converter that at minimum controls a portion of the method for charging the cells within each battery block.
- Each battery block 50 has a plurality of cells as will be further described below in FIG. 5.
- Main bus 52 is also coupled to a charger 54 that is used to charge the cells within battery block according to the method described below.
- Charger 54 may be coupled to the main bus 52 with a fuse 56 .
- a voltage sensor 58 is also coupled to main bus 52 to help determine the state of charge of each of the battery blocks 50 .
- Discharge converter controller 46 is selectively coupled to the main bus 52 using a relay 60 .
- Relay 60 may be a solid state device or an electro-mechanical solenoid operated device.
- Battery circuit 44 includes a charge balancing unit 62 .
- Charge balancing unit 62 is selectively coupled to each battery block 50 through an enabling switch 64 .
- Charge balancing unit 62 may comprise a plurality of individual units, one for each virtual cell described below in FIG. 5.
- Charge balancing unit 62 may be a resistive circuit such as a resistor.
- a main bus enable switch 66 is used to selectively couple discharge converter controller 46 to the main bus 52 .
- Switch 66 may comprise a relay or the like.
- each battery block has a plurality of parallel series coupled cells 70 .
- Each cell has a positive terminal 70 a and a negative terminal 70 b.
- the uppermost cell has a positive terminal 70 a electrically coupled to main bus 72 and the lowermost cell has a negative terminal 70 b coupled to a common ground.
- the length of the string of cells 70 depends on the particular application. As illustrated, four strings 72 of parallel cells are provided. Thus, two charge balancing circuits per row are contemplated. If an alternative power source is available, all the cells in a virtual cell may be coupled to the same charge balancing circuit.
- each of the cells in a row i.e., one from each of the strings 72 , are connected in parallel. That is, each of the positive terminals 70 a is connected to a first node N 1 .
- Each negative terminal 70 b is connected to a second common node N 2 .
- a first diode 74 having an anode 74 a and a cathode 74 c couple the positive terminal 70 a and the common node N 1 . That is, anode 74 a is coupled to positive terminal 70 a and cathode 74 c is coupled to node N 1 .
- a second diode 76 having anode 76 a and cathode 76 c is used to couple negative terminal 70 b to common node N 2 . That is, cathode 76 c is coupled to negative terminal 70 b and anode 76 a is coupled to node N 2 .
- current flow to charge balancing unit 62 (to discharge the cells) is controlled.
- Charge balancing unit 62 is coupled between common node N 1 and common node N 2 (in parallel with the battery cells).
- Enabling switch 64 couples and decouples the charge balancing unit 62 from node N 1 .
- each of the cells 70 , diodes 74 and 76 are electrically coupled in the same manner, i.e., in parallel for charging purposes.
- the combination of cell 70 in this manner forms a virtual cell 73 .
- the organization of cells in this manner can be thought of as rows of cells one from each column of strings 72 .
- one half of the battery is disconnected from the main bus through switch 66 .
- Each of the series strings in battery blocks 50 is depleted through charge balancing unit 62 through closed enabling switches 64 . Once each of the strings is depleted, they are then charged using charger 54 in the offline condition. The battery blocks 50 are then coupled back to the main bus 52 through switch 66 .
- This sequence would take place for various groupings of battery blocks throughout the system such as a satellite.
- the charge balancing unit is a floating unit which is easier to implement. The diodes prevent the interaction between the series connected cells and the virtual cells as formed.
- One advantage of this is evident when used with lithium is that battery reconditioning is formed by reaching the low voltage limit versus the high voltage limit that is common in other charging schemes.
Abstract
An electrical system has a battery circuit that includes a plurality of battery blocks. Each of the battery blocks has a plurality of parallel strings of battery cells connected thereto. A plurality of virtual cells is formed during charging by parallel coupling one cell from each string in parallel using diode.
Description
- The present invention relates generally to power storage systems for satellites, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for charging battery cells and controlling the state of charge of the battery cells during charging.
- Lithium ion batteries are a desirable source for storing power in various types of systems such as satellite systems. For a large storage system a number of battery cells are typically used together to obtain the desired voltage. Maintaining a predetermined state of charge on the batteries is important to maintain the useful life of the battery.
- In FIG. 1, a parallel series
single battery bus 10 has a plurality of battery cells 12 coupled together inparallel strings 14. As illustrated, each parallel string has eight cells. Each of thestrings 14 is coupled in series. A DC-to-DC converter 16 is coupled in series with the plurality of series connectedstrings 14. Typically, each string would be provided with its own power supply for topping off the charge therein. One problem with such a configuration is that the number of charge balancing circuits required for such a configuration (one for each cell) increases the cost and mass of the system. In satellite systems in particular, reducing cost and mass is an important priority. Another problem with such a configuration is the number of charge balancing circuits make the system intrinsically less reliable. Also, each of the charge balancing circuits must be tied to a common reference voltage which in practice may be difficult to accomplish. - Referring now to FIG. 2, a series
parallel battery bus 20. Serialparallel battery bus 20 includes a plurality of series coupledstring 22 of cells 24. Each of the series coupledstrings 22 has a DC-to-DC converter that couples each of thestrings 22 to the common bus 28. The series parallel bus 24 requires an eight-fold increase in DC-to-DC converters. However, due to the redundancy requirements of satellite systems, the total mass of eight smaller converters is significantly greater than the mass of the single converter shown in FIG. 1. Another disadvantage of this approach is that each cell must be equipped with a charge balancing circuit. The electrical connection of eight cells in the parallel series array of FIG. 1 leads to the requirement for twenty-four circuits. In FIG. 2, series parallel topology requires eight times as many circuits. That is, 192 charge balancing circuits are required in the embodiment of FIG. 2. - Another disadvantage of the parallel series array is apparent in that a short circuit condition in an individual cell may lead to the failure of the entire parallel array. On the other hand, the series parallel array intrinsically provides fault isolation. Because lithium ion technology for satellite systems is relatively new, it may be easy to conclude that for reliability considerations, the series parallel system may be more reliable.
- It would therefore be desirable to provide an improved charging circuit that reduces the overall mass and cost of the prior art circuit shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- The present invention provides a system suitable for multiple cells of a battery system that reduces the overall mass of the system be reducing the number of charge balancing circuits required.
- In one aspect of the invention, a charging circuit has a plurality of parallel strings of series connected battery cells. A plurality of virtual cells are formed in parallel from at least two cells from two different parallel strings. A plurality of charge balancing units are each respectively coupled to one of the plurality of virtual cells. The virtual cell configuration is when the discharging of the cells is required before recharging to the same state of charge.
- In a further aspect of the invention, a method of charging a battery system comprises a method of charging a battery system includes providing a plurality of strings of series connected battery cells, forming a plurality of virtual cells by coupling battery cells in parallel from at least two different strings of the plurality of parallel strings, discharging each of the battery cells in the virtual cells to a predetermined substantially equal state of charge, and charging each of the battery cells.
- One advantage of the invention is that the reliability and mass of the overall system is greatly reduced due to the reduced number of charging circuits required. The configuration of the present invention overcomes the major drawbacks of the parallel series in series parallel connections described above in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon the following detailed description and appended claims, and upon reference to the accompanying drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a parallel series single battery bus according to the prior art.
- FIG. 2 is a series parallel multiple battery bus formed according to the prior art.
- FIG. 3 is a high level block diagrammatic view of a battery circuit formed according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a battery circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a detailed schematic view of a virtual cell charge management topology of FIG. 4.
- In the following figures the same reference numerals will be used to identify the same components.
- The present invention is described with respect to a charge control circuit for a satellite. However, the present invention may also be used to charge various types of systems including electric vehicles.
- Referring now to FIG. 3, a
satellite 40 is illustrated having anelectrical system 42 according to the present invention.Electrical system 42 includes abattery circuit 44 and acontroller 46 that control the charging and discharging of the battery circuit. Thecontroller 46 is preferably microprocessor-based and may perform various functions other than battery controlling circuits such as other functions in the telemetry command and control ofsatellite 40.Electrical system 42 may also includesolar arrays 48.Solar arrays 48 may provide energy to recharge thebattery circuit 44. - Referring now to FIG. 4, a portion of
battery circuit 44 is illustrated.Battery circuit 44 includes a plurality ofbattery blocks 50 that are each coupled to amain bus 52. In this example, thecontroller 46 may be a discharge converter that at minimum controls a portion of the method for charging the cells within each battery block. Eachbattery block 50 has a plurality of cells as will be further described below in FIG. 5.Main bus 52 is also coupled to acharger 54 that is used to charge the cells within battery block according to the method described below.Charger 54 may be coupled to themain bus 52 with afuse 56. Avoltage sensor 58 is also coupled tomain bus 52 to help determine the state of charge of each of thebattery blocks 50.Discharge converter controller 46 is selectively coupled to themain bus 52 using a relay 60. Relay 60 may be a solid state device or an electro-mechanical solenoid operated device. - It should be noted that while three battery blocks are illustrated, various numbers of battery blocks may be implemented according to the desired voltage at the
main bus 52. -
Battery circuit 44 includes acharge balancing unit 62.Charge balancing unit 62 is selectively coupled to eachbattery block 50 through an enablingswitch 64.Charge balancing unit 62 may comprise a plurality of individual units, one for each virtual cell described below in FIG. 5.Charge balancing unit 62 may be a resistive circuit such as a resistor. - A main bus enable
switch 66 is used to selectively coupledischarge converter controller 46 to themain bus 52.Switch 66 may comprise a relay or the like. - Referring now to FIG. 5,
battery block 50 is illustrated in further detail. As described above, each battery block has a plurality of parallel series coupledcells 70. Each cell has a positive terminal 70 a and anegative terminal 70 b. Thus, the uppermost cell has a positive terminal 70 a electrically coupled tomain bus 72 and the lowermost cell has anegative terminal 70 b coupled to a common ground. The length of the string ofcells 70 depends on the particular application. As illustrated, fourstrings 72 of parallel cells are provided. Thus, two charge balancing circuits per row are contemplated. If an alternative power source is available, all the cells in a virtual cell may be coupled to the same charge balancing circuit. - For charging purposes, each of the cells in a row, i.e., one from each of the
strings 72, are connected in parallel. That is, each of thepositive terminals 70 a is connected to a first node N1. Eachnegative terminal 70 b is connected to a second common node N2. Afirst diode 74 having ananode 74 a and a cathode 74 c couple the positive terminal 70 a and the common node N1. That is,anode 74 a is coupled to positive terminal 70 a and cathode 74 c is coupled to node N1. Asecond diode 76 havinganode 76 a andcathode 76 c is used to couple negative terminal 70 b to common node N2. That is,cathode 76 c is coupled tonegative terminal 70 b andanode 76 a is coupled to node N2. By orienting thediodes Charge balancing unit 62 is coupled between common node N1 and common node N2 (in parallel with the battery cells). Enablingswitch 64 couples and decouples thecharge balancing unit 62 from node N1. It should be noted that each of thecells 70,diodes cell 70 in this manner forms a virtual cell 73. The organization of cells in this manner can be thought of as rows of cells one from each column ofstrings 72. - In operation, one half of the battery is disconnected from the main bus through
switch 66. Each of the series strings in battery blocks 50 is depleted throughcharge balancing unit 62 through closed enabling switches 64. Once each of the strings is depleted, they are then charged usingcharger 54 in the offline condition. The battery blocks 50 are then coupled back to themain bus 52 throughswitch 66. This sequence would take place for various groupings of battery blocks throughout the system such as a satellite. It should be noted that the charge balancing unit is a floating unit which is easier to implement. The diodes prevent the interaction between the series connected cells and the virtual cells as formed. One advantage of this is evident when used with lithium is that battery reconditioning is formed by reaching the low voltage limit versus the high voltage limit that is common in other charging schemes. - While the invention has been described in connection with one or more embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to those embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as may be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (22)
1. A battery circuit comprising:
a plurality of parallel strings of series connected battery cells;
a plurality of virtual cells formed by coupling battery cells in parallel from at least two different strings of the plurality of parallel strings; and
a plurality of charge balancing circuits each coupled to a respective one of the plurality of virtual cells.
2. A circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein the plurality of charge balancing circuits comprises a resistive circuit.
3. A circuit as recited in claim 1 further comprising a charger coupled to said plurality of virtual cells.
4. A circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein the plurality of strings comprise at least three strings.
5. A circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein the plurality of battery cells comprise lithium ion cells.
6. A circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of virtual cells comprise a first common node and a second common node.
7. A circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein each battery cell comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, said positive terminal electrically coupled to said first common node and said negative terminal is electrically coupled to said second common node.
8. A circuit as recited in claim 7 wherein said virtual cell comprising a first diode comprising a first anode and a first cathode, and a second diode comprising a second anode and a second cathode, wherein said first anode is coupled to said positive terminal and said first cathode is coupled to said first common node, wherein said second anode is coupled to said second common node and said second cathode is coupled to said negative terminal.
9. A circuit as recited in claim 1 further comprising a discharge converter coupled to said battery cells.
10. A circuit as recited in claim 9 further comprising a voltage sensor for monitoring the voltage of the cells, said discharge converter controlling said discharging in response to said voltage.
11. A circuit as recited in claim 10 further comprising a switch selectively coupling said discharge converter to said battery cells.
12. A circuit as recited in claim 1 further comprising a switch selectively coupling said charge balancing circuit to said virtual cells.
13. An electrical system comprising:
a main bus;
a charger coupled to the main bus; and
a battery circuit comprising,
a plurality of parallel strings of series connected battery cells;
a plurality of virtual cells formed by coupling battery cells in parallel from at least two different strings of the plurality of parallel strings; and
a plurality of charge balancing circuits each selectively coupled to a respective one of the plurality of virtual cells.
14. A satellite comprising an electrical system formed according to claim 13 .
15. A circuit as recited in claim 13 wherein each of the plurality of virtual cells comprise a first common node and a second common node, wherein each battery cell comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, said positive terminal electrically coupled to said first common node and said negative terminal is electrically coupled to said second common node.
16. A circuit as recited in claim 15 wherein said virtual cell comprising a first diode comprising a first anode and a first cathode, and a second diode comprising a second anode and a second cathode, wherein said first anode is coupled to said positive terminal and said first cathode is coupled to said first common node, wherein said second anode is coupled to said second common node and said second cathode is coupled to said negative terminal.
17. A circuit as recited in claim 13 further comprising a discharge converter coupled to said battery cells and a voltage sensor for monitoring the voltage of the cells, said discharge converter controlling said discharging in response to said voltage.
18. A method of charging a battery system comprising:
providing a plurality of strings of series connected battery cells;
forming a plurality of virtual cells by coupling battery cells in parallel from at least two different strings of the plurality of parallel strings;
discharging each of the battery cells in the virtual cells to a predetermined substantially equal state of charge; and
charging each of the battery cells.
19. A method as recited in claim 18 further comprising monitoring a battery string voltage and discharging said battery string in response to the battery string voltage.
20. A method as recited in claim 18 wherein discharging comprises selectively coupling the virtual cells to a charge balancing circuit.
21. A method as recited in claim 18 wherein discharging comprises discharging a portion of the plurality of strings.
22. A method as recited in claim 18 wherein charging comprises monitoring a battery cell voltage and charging each of the battery cells in response to the battery cell voltage.
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Cited By (8)
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US20060097696A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-05-11 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Method and system for cell equalization with isolated charging sources |
WO2007033791A2 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-29 | Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg | Charging method for extending a battery service life and device for carrying out said method |
US20090267565A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2009-10-29 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Method and system for cell equalization with charging sources and shunt regulators |
US20090309544A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2009-12-17 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Method and system for cell equalization with switched charging sources |
DE102011014133A1 (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Maximilian Heindl | Method for varying e.g. voltage at connection terminals of series circuit of battery cells of heterogeneous battery arrangement in electric car, involves varying configuration of series circuit for adjustment of voltage and impedance |
EP2315336A4 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2016-04-20 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Electricity storage system |
WO2017144975A1 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-31 | Revision Military S.A.R.L. | Dual bus battery balancing system |
US10003194B2 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2018-06-19 | Enphase Energy, Inc. | Parallel battery system |
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US10138551B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2018-11-27 | GES Associates LLC | Substrate processing apparatuses and systems |
US8922063B2 (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2014-12-30 | Green Charge Networks, Llc | Circuit for rendering energy storage devices parallelable |
US8823338B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 | 2014-09-02 | Green Charge Networks Llc | Universal single-stage power converter |
US8897041B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 | 2014-11-25 | Green Charge Networks Llc | Universal power conversion methods and systems |
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US7825629B2 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2010-11-02 | EaglePicher Technologies | Method and system for cell equalization with charging sources and shunt regulators |
US20090267565A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2009-10-29 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Method and system for cell equalization with charging sources and shunt regulators |
US20090309544A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2009-12-17 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Method and system for cell equalization with switched charging sources |
US7821230B2 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2010-10-26 | EaglePicher Technologies | Method and system for cell equalization with switched charging sources |
US7928691B2 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2011-04-19 | EaglePicher Technologies | Method and system for cell equalization with isolated charging sources |
US20060097696A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-05-11 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Method and system for cell equalization with isolated charging sources |
WO2007033791A3 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-08-16 | Zsw | Charging method for extending a battery service life and device for carrying out said method |
WO2007033791A2 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-29 | Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg | Charging method for extending a battery service life and device for carrying out said method |
EP2315336A4 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2016-04-20 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Electricity storage system |
DE102011014133A1 (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Maximilian Heindl | Method for varying e.g. voltage at connection terminals of series circuit of battery cells of heterogeneous battery arrangement in electric car, involves varying configuration of series circuit for adjustment of voltage and impedance |
US10003194B2 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2018-06-19 | Enphase Energy, Inc. | Parallel battery system |
WO2017144975A1 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-31 | Revision Military S.A.R.L. | Dual bus battery balancing system |
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US10319981B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2019-06-11 | Revision Military S.A.R.L. | Dual bus battery balancing system |
GB2564043B (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2022-02-23 | Galvion Power Systems Inc | Dual bus battery balancing system |
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