US20040118680A1 - Electrode assembly and method of using the same - Google Patents
Electrode assembly and method of using the same Download PDFInfo
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- US20040118680A1 US20040118680A1 US10/325,379 US32537902A US2004118680A1 US 20040118680 A1 US20040118680 A1 US 20040118680A1 US 32537902 A US32537902 A US 32537902A US 2004118680 A1 US2004118680 A1 US 2004118680A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- measurement
- central
- auxiliary
- electrode assembly
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/38—Cleaning of electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode assembly that performs the dual functions of solution measurements and after-measurement self-cleaning.
- a potentiometric titration of a reduction-oxidation species in a sample solution relies on measuring a characteristic oxidation-reduction-potential (ORP) of such sample solution that is indicative of a titration endpoint, by using an ORP electrode comprising platinum or platinum alloys.
- ORP oxidation-reduction-potential
- the present invention provides an electrode assembly, which is capable of automated, in-line self-cleaning, without having to disassemble and reassemble the whole analytical cell, and therefore solving the above-described problems associated with conventional electrode cleaning methods.
- the present invention in a specific aspect relates to an electrode assembly for collecting analytical signals from a sample solution, comprising:
- the central electrode is detachably connected to the measurement circuit during a measurement period, for collecting analytical signals from the sample solution, and wherein the central and auxiliary electrodes are detachably connected to the auxiliary current source during a cleaning period, to generate gas for in-line cleaning of such electrode assembly.
- the central and auxiliary electrodes preferably comprise metal or metal alloys, such as platinum, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, gold, silver, etc., and alloys thereof.
- metal or metal alloys such as platinum, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, gold, silver, etc., and alloys thereof.
- such central and auxiliary electrodes are not limited thereby in any manner, and they can also comprise carbon, glass, ceramic, and any other metal and/or non-metal materials suitable for manufacturing electrodes, depending on the specific uses they are intended for.
- the electrodes when the electrodes are used for measuring oxidation-reduction-potential in a sample solution, together with a suitable reference electrode, or when the electrodes are used for measuring in an amperometric technique where they are polarized by applying an electric potential or current in a sample solution, such electrodes preferably comprise platinum or platinum alloys.
- such central and auxiliary electrodes are immersed in a conductive electrolytic solution, preferably an acid solution, and the auxiliary current source passes electrical current between the central and auxiliary electrodes through the conductive electrolytic solution, to generate gas bubbles in a manner that is sufficient to peel away any solid or liquid residues or deposits on the central electrode and to reactive such central electrode.
- a conductive electrolytic solution preferably an acid solution
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for rejuvenating a passivated measurement electrode, by using an electrode assembly described hereinabove.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show dual platinum electrodes for following the course of an ORP titration by measuring the cell potential under polarized conditions in a sample solution, according to one embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a titration curve for iodine titration of tin ions, using dual platinum polarized electrodes.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show dual platinum electrodes plus a reference electrode for measuring the ORP of a sample solution, according to one embodiment of the present application.
- the use of the electrode assembly of the present invention solves the electrode passivation problem commonly seen in systems using other types of electrodes.
- Such electrode assembly is not only capable of solution measurement, but also automatic in-line cleaning of the passivated electrode and the analytical cell in which it is disposed, via an electrolytic process in a conducting electrolytic solution.
- an electrode assembly as show in FIGS. 1A and 1B of the present application can be used, which includes a central platinum electrode and an auxiliary electrode that can be connected to a measurement device and functions as the dual polarized indicator electrode pair and an auxiliary current source used solely for electrolytic gas generation.
- the two electrodes are detachably connected to the central measurement device for cell potential measurements of the sample solution, as shown in FIG. 1A.
- an electrode assembly as show in FIG. 3 of the present application can be used, which includes a central platinum electrode that can be connected to a measurement device and functions as the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) electrode or it can be connected to the current source, an auxiliary electrode and an auxiliary current source used solely for electrolytic gas generation, and a reference electrode.
- ORP oxidation-reduction potential
- the central electrode may become passivated due to solid or liquid residues formed thereon. Therefore, a cleaning cycle starts, in which the two electrodes are disconnected or detached from the central measurement device, and both are subsequently connected to the auxiliary current source (with an operating voltage of about 5-12 VAC) in a detachably manner, as shown in FIG. 1B. Electrical current passes through the two electrodes, generating gas bubbles and providing a vigorous surface process, which peels away any solid or liquid residues on the electrode surface that may passivate the electrodes response to the electropotential changes in the sample solution.
- the auxiliary current source with an operating voltage of about 5-12 VAC
- the two electrodes are cleaned and reactivated, and are ready to be re-connected to the central measurement device for the next solution measurement cycle.
- FIG. 2 shows a titration curve measured for iodine titration of tin ions in a sample solder plating solution, using an electrode assembly having platinum central and auxiliary electrodes, as described hereinabove.
- the measured cell potential response shows a readily determinable titration endpoint.
- an electrode assembly as show in FIGS. 3A and 3B of the present application can be used, which includes a central platinum electrode that can be connected to a measurement device and functions as the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) electrode, an auxiliary electrode and an auxiliary current source used solely for electrolytic gas generation, and a reference electrode.
- ORP oxidation-reduction potential
- the central electrode is detachably connected to the central measurement device for ORP measurements of the sample solution, as shown in FIG. 3A.
- the central electrode may become passivated due to solid or liquid residues formed thereon.
- a cleaning cycle may start, in which the central electrode is disconnected or detached from the central measurement device, and both the central and the auxiliary electrodes are subsequently connected to the auxiliary current source (with an operating voltage of about 5-12 VAC) in a detachable manner, as shown in FIG. 3B. Electrical current passes through the central and auxiliary electrodes, generating gas bubbles and providing a vigorous surface process, which peels away solid or liquid residues on the electrode surface that may passivate the central electrode's response to the electropotential changes in the sample solution.
- the central electrode is cleaned and reactivated, and is ready to be reconnected to the central measurement device for the next solution measurement cycle.
- the present invention has many potential applications in fluidic analysis, semiconductor process monitoring, and environmental controls.
- the examples provided hereinabove are not intend to limit the use of the prevent invention in any manner, and a person ordinarily skilled in the art can readily modify the present invention to meet the system requirements of a specific use.
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of Invention
- The present invention relates to an electrode assembly that performs the dual functions of solution measurements and after-measurement self-cleaning.
- 2. Related Art
- Many solution analytical processes use metal electrodes for collecting important analytical signals, such as current density, electropotential, and pH value, from sample solutions for determining the specific types and concentrations of components in such sample solutions.
- For example, a potentiometric titration of a reduction-oxidation species in a sample solution relies on measuring a characteristic oxidation-reduction-potential (ORP) of such sample solution that is indicative of a titration endpoint, by using an ORP electrode comprising platinum or platinum alloys.
- However, extended use of the metal electrode will render such electrode passivated (i.e., delayed and reduced response to changes in the sample solution) after repeated signal collection cycles, due to formation of solid or liquid residues on a surface of such electrode in contact with the sample solution. This is especially true in cases where an indicator electrode is used precipitation titration analysis (e.g. titrations with silver nitrate).
- Conventional methods for cleaning or reactivating the passivated electrode require disassembling and reassembling of the analytical cell that contains such electrode, which results in long off-time and is both time and labor consuming. Moreover, incorrect reassembling of the analytical cell may lead to subsequent system failure.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a faster and easier method for rejuvenating the passivated electrode.
- Other objects and advantages will be more fully apparent form the ensuing disclosure and appended claims.
- The present invention provides an electrode assembly, which is capable of automated, in-line self-cleaning, without having to disassemble and reassemble the whole analytical cell, and therefore solving the above-described problems associated with conventional electrode cleaning methods.
- The present invention in a specific aspect relates to an electrode assembly for collecting analytical signals from a sample solution, comprising:
- (a) a central electrode;
- (b) a measurement circuit;
- (c) an auxiliary electrode; and
- (d) an auxiliary current source,
- wherein the central electrode is detachably connected to the measurement circuit during a measurement period, for collecting analytical signals from the sample solution, and wherein the central and auxiliary electrodes are detachably connected to the auxiliary current source during a cleaning period, to generate gas for in-line cleaning of such electrode assembly.
- The central and auxiliary electrodes preferably comprise metal or metal alloys, such as platinum, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, gold, silver, etc., and alloys thereof. However, such central and auxiliary electrodes are not limited thereby in any manner, and they can also comprise carbon, glass, ceramic, and any other metal and/or non-metal materials suitable for manufacturing electrodes, depending on the specific uses they are intended for. For example, when the electrodes are used for measuring oxidation-reduction-potential in a sample solution, together with a suitable reference electrode, or when the electrodes are used for measuring in an amperometric technique where they are polarized by applying an electric potential or current in a sample solution, such electrodes preferably comprise platinum or platinum alloys.
- In order to maximize the electrolytic gas generation, such central and auxiliary electrodes are immersed in a conductive electrolytic solution, preferably an acid solution, and the auxiliary current source passes electrical current between the central and auxiliary electrodes through the conductive electrolytic solution, to generate gas bubbles in a manner that is sufficient to peel away any solid or liquid residues or deposits on the central electrode and to reactive such central electrode.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for rejuvenating a passivated measurement electrode, by using an electrode assembly described hereinabove.
- Additional aspects, features and embodiments of the invention will be more fully apparent from the ensuing disclosure and appended claims.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show dual platinum electrodes for following the course of an ORP titration by measuring the cell potential under polarized conditions in a sample solution, according to one embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a titration curve for iodine titration of tin ions, using dual platinum polarized electrodes.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show dual platinum electrodes plus a reference electrode for measuring the ORP of a sample solution, according to one embodiment of the present application.
- The use of the electrode assembly of the present invention solves the electrode passivation problem commonly seen in systems using other types of electrodes. Such electrode assembly is not only capable of solution measurement, but also automatic in-line cleaning of the passivated electrode and the analytical cell in which it is disposed, via an electrolytic process in a conducting electrolytic solution.
- Specifically, an electrode assembly as show in FIGS. 1A and 1B of the present application can be used, which includes a central platinum electrode and an auxiliary electrode that can be connected to a measurement device and functions as the dual polarized indicator electrode pair and an auxiliary current source used solely for electrolytic gas generation.
- During a solution measurement cycle, the two electrodes are detachably connected to the central measurement device for cell potential measurements of the sample solution, as shown in FIG. 1A.
- Specifically, an electrode assembly as show in FIG. 3 of the present application can be used, which includes a central platinum electrode that can be connected to a measurement device and functions as the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) electrode or it can be connected to the current source, an auxiliary electrode and an auxiliary current source used solely for electrolytic gas generation, and a reference electrode.
- After the solution measurement cycle, the central electrode may become passivated due to solid or liquid residues formed thereon. Therefore, a cleaning cycle starts, in which the two electrodes are disconnected or detached from the central measurement device, and both are subsequently connected to the auxiliary current source (with an operating voltage of about 5-12 VAC) in a detachably manner, as shown in FIG. 1B. Electrical current passes through the two electrodes, generating gas bubbles and providing a vigorous surface process, which peels away any solid or liquid residues on the electrode surface that may passivate the electrodes response to the electropotential changes in the sample solution.
- Therefore, the two electrodes are cleaned and reactivated, and are ready to be re-connected to the central measurement device for the next solution measurement cycle.
- FIG. 2 shows a titration curve measured for iodine titration of tin ions in a sample solder plating solution, using an electrode assembly having platinum central and auxiliary electrodes, as described hereinabove. The measured cell potential response shows a readily determinable titration endpoint.
- Specifically, an electrode assembly as show in FIGS. 3A and 3B of the present application can be used, which includes a central platinum electrode that can be connected to a measurement device and functions as the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) electrode, an auxiliary electrode and an auxiliary current source used solely for electrolytic gas generation, and a reference electrode.
- During a solution measurement cycle, the central electrode is detachably connected to the central measurement device for ORP measurements of the sample solution, as shown in FIG. 3A.
- After the solution measurement cycle, the central electrode may become passivated due to solid or liquid residues formed thereon. In such a case, a cleaning cycle may start, in which the central electrode is disconnected or detached from the central measurement device, and both the central and the auxiliary electrodes are subsequently connected to the auxiliary current source (with an operating voltage of about 5-12 VAC) in a detachable manner, as shown in FIG. 3B. Electrical current passes through the central and auxiliary electrodes, generating gas bubbles and providing a vigorous surface process, which peels away solid or liquid residues on the electrode surface that may passivate the central electrode's response to the electropotential changes in the sample solution.
- In such a way, the central electrode is cleaned and reactivated, and is ready to be reconnected to the central measurement device for the next solution measurement cycle.
- The present invention has many potential applications in fluidic analysis, semiconductor process monitoring, and environmental controls. The examples provided hereinabove are not intend to limit the use of the prevent invention in any manner, and a person ordinarily skilled in the art can readily modify the present invention to meet the system requirements of a specific use.
- Although the invention has been variously disclosed herein with reference to illustrative embodiments and features, it will be appreciated that the embodiments and features described hereinabove are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and that other variations, modifications and other embodiments will suggest themselves to those of ordinary skill in the art. The invention therefore is to be broadly construed, consistent with the claims hereafter set forth.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/325,379 US6758960B1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Electrode assembly and method of using the same |
PCT/US2003/039632 WO2004061443A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-12 | Electrode assembly and method of using the same |
AU2003297924A AU2003297924A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2003-12-12 | Electrode assembly and method of using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/325,379 US6758960B1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Electrode assembly and method of using the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20040118680A1 true US20040118680A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
US6758960B1 US6758960B1 (en) | 2004-07-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/325,379 Expired - Lifetime US6758960B1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Electrode assembly and method of using the same |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US6758960B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003297924A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004061443A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1739421A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2007-01-03 | CLR Srl | Electrochemical analyser for the selective measurement of chlorites in water |
CN102213690A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2011-10-12 | 长沙瑞翔科技有限公司 | Automatic cleaning device for electrolytic cell electrode |
US20210278389A1 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2021-09-09 | Ams Trace Metals, Inc. | Techniques for toxic metal detection and speciation in aqueous matrices |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050067304A1 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-03-31 | King Mackenzie E. | Electrode assembly for analysis of metal electroplating solution, comprising self-cleaning mechanism, plating optimization mechanism, and/or voltage limiting mechanism |
US20050109624A1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-05-26 | Mackenzie King | On-wafer electrochemical deposition plating metrology process and apparatus |
US20050224370A1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-10-13 | Jun Liu | Electrochemical deposition analysis system including high-stability electrode |
US6984299B2 (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2006-01-10 | Advanced Technology Material, Inc. | Methods for determining organic component concentrations in an electrolytic solution |
US7435320B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2008-10-14 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for monitoring organic additives in electrochemical deposition solutions |
US7427346B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2008-09-23 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Electrochemical drive circuitry and method |
US7264709B2 (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2007-09-04 | Siemens Water Technologies Holding Corp. | Method and apparatus for conditioning a sensor for measuring oxidation reduction potential |
US8419925B2 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2013-04-16 | David Sherzer | Method for electrode renewal |
CA2760560A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-01 | Premier Tech Technologies Ltee | A self-cleaning electro-reaction unit for wastewater treatment and related process |
EP3882618A4 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2022-08-24 | HORIBA Advanced Techno, Co., Ltd. | Analysis device |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2898282A (en) * | 1956-06-20 | 1959-08-04 | Du Pont | Electrolytic oxygen analysis |
US4568445A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-02-04 | Honeywell Inc. | Electrode system for an electro-chemical sensor for measuring vapor concentrations |
US4772375A (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1988-09-20 | James R. Dartez | Antifouling electrochemical gas sensor |
US5288387A (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1994-02-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Apparatus for maintaining the activity of an enzyme electrode |
US5162077A (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1992-11-10 | Bryan Avron I | Device for in situ cleaning a fouled sensor membrane of deposits |
US5316649A (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1994-05-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | High frequency reference electrode |
GB9625463D0 (en) * | 1996-12-07 | 1997-01-22 | Central Research Lab Ltd | Gas sensors |
GB9808517D0 (en) * | 1998-04-23 | 1998-06-17 | Aea Technology Plc | Electrical sensor |
-
2002
- 2002-12-20 US US10/325,379 patent/US6758960B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-12-12 WO PCT/US2003/039632 patent/WO2004061443A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-12 AU AU2003297924A patent/AU2003297924A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1739421A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2007-01-03 | CLR Srl | Electrochemical analyser for the selective measurement of chlorites in water |
CN102213690A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2011-10-12 | 长沙瑞翔科技有限公司 | Automatic cleaning device for electrolytic cell electrode |
US20210278389A1 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2021-09-09 | Ams Trace Metals, Inc. | Techniques for toxic metal detection and speciation in aqueous matrices |
US11650191B2 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2023-05-16 | Ams Trace Metals, Inc. | Techniques for toxic metal detection and speciation in aqueous matrices |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003297924A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
US6758960B1 (en) | 2004-07-06 |
WO2004061443A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
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