US20040095586A1 - Sheet parameter measurement - Google Patents
Sheet parameter measurement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040095586A1 US20040095586A1 US10/699,084 US69908403A US2004095586A1 US 20040095586 A1 US20040095586 A1 US 20040095586A1 US 69908403 A US69908403 A US 69908403A US 2004095586 A1 US2004095586 A1 US 2004095586A1
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- line
- illuminator
- sample
- image
- assessment
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- Abandoned
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 56
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004439 roughness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
- G01N2203/0282—Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/34—Paper
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/36—Textiles
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods and apparatus for the assessment of seam pucker and other surface irregularities.
- the invention also comprises surface irregularity assessment apparatus comprising
- the movements of the movable parts of the measurement device may be effected by pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders or by linear motors.
- the slide and sensing parts 20 a , 20 b may be mounted on the upper part 16 a of the ‘movable’ support 16 .
Abstract
A method and apparatus for assessing surface irregularities comprising directing a line beam at the surface, imaging the line on the surface formed by the line beam, and analysing data of the image to produce an objective indication of the degree of regularity of the surface.
Description
- This patent application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/834,076, filed Apr. 12, 2001, which is herein incorporated by reference.
- This invention relates to the measurement of the mechanical properties of highly flexible or limp sheet material, for example paper, textile material, plastics and composite materials. In particular, the invention relates to the measurement of the tensile, shear, buckling, and compression strengths, sheet thickness, bending stiffness and surface qualities such as friction and roughness. The purpose of such testing—under normal loading without destruction of the sample of the material under test—is to determine the performance of the material in use, e.g. clothing fabrics during normal wear.
- To date, such measurements have generally been made independently on different samples of the material to be tested. For example, there is the widely accepted Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KESF) for textile fabrics. With this system, different samples of the fabric to be tested are required to be placed in several different devices in order to make the measurements of the various properties listed above. One sample of the fabric to be tested is placed in a device which measures tensile and shear properties by clamping the sample at two spaced locations and moving the clamps apart and laterally relative to each other. This device has to be calibrated for each measurement on a sample. Bending strength, but not buckling, is measured by placing a different sample of the fabric in a second device. in this device the sample is mounted vertically and the device is very difficult to set up in trying to achieve an even tension in the fabric. One clamp makes a circumferential movement in order to measure the bending strength. Thickness measurement requires another measuring device. In this case a head moves vertically relative to the fabric in order to measure the thickness of the material and then its compressibility. For surface properties, a further sample of the material is clamped under load in a further device in which a head lowers and the material is then moved laterally relative to the head. Different probes on the head measure surface roughness and friction. It is very expensive to have all of these devices and very time consuming to place the different samples in the different devices in order to make all of the measurements. Another system is the Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing (FAST) system.
- This is a simplified version of the KESF system, but at least two different samples are needed.
- Thickness and compression are measured in one device at two positions of a movable head.
- Bending is measured in another device in which the fabric is laid on a bed and is traversed by a moving plate on top of the fabric until the fabric extends over the edge of the bed and cuts a light beam. For tensile strength, the fabric is placed between two clamps in a further device, the lower one of the clamps being on an arm which is pivoted and has a weight on the other end. When the arm is released, the device registers the load in the fabric. The results from these tests are limited to the measured loads only and cannot provide full stress/strain profiles of the test samples. In addition the results from the two test systems are not very reproducible, due to the need for different sample sizes and the manual handling for each test. In the cosmetics and medical fields it is desirable to determine the effect cosmetic or medical creams and the like have on the human skin. To this end a fabric which has similar characteristics to human or animal skin is treated with the cream and the mechanical properties of fabric are then measured. For such an application the KESF and FAST systems are considered too expensive and too complicated.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a single apparatus for the measurement of the mechanical properties of a single sample of a limp sheet material in order to reduce the equipment costs compared with that of the number of existing devices required. It is also an object of the present invention to reduce the time and complexity of making such measurements and to increase the accuracy and reproducibility of such measurements compared with the existing methods.
- The invention provides a device for the measurement of the mechanical properties of a limp sheet material, comprising a base, a pair of clamping members operable to clamp the sheet material to the base at spaced locations, load sensing means on at least one clamping member, at least one of the clamping members being movable away from and towards the other in the plane of the sheet material and laterally of the other in said plane, and a head assembly having a sensing device spaced from the base and movable theretowards and laterally of the plane of the sheet material.
- One clamping member may be the at least one movable clamping member and the load sensing means may be mounted on the other clamping member. Two load sensing means having differing ranges of measurement may be mounted on the one clamping member, the first load sensing means being adapted to measure tensile load and the second load sensing means being adapted to measure buckling load. The measurement device may comprise a third load sensing means adapted to measure shear loads. The sensing device may comprise a further load sensing means and a surface characteristics sensing means.
- Preferably the base is a plate which is disposed substantially horizontally, in which case the clamping members may be disposed above the base plate and positionally adjustable to clamp the sheet material. The measuring device may comprise position indicating means adapted to indicate the position of the at least one movable clamping member relative to a datum position. The at least one movable clamping member may be mounted on low friction slideways, and the slideways may be disposed remote from the axes of movement of the at least one movable clamping member. The head assembly may be disposed between the clamping members, and may be mounted on the base plate. The head assembly may comprise a slide part on which the sensing device is mounted for movement towards the base plate and, together with the slide part, laterally of the sheet material.
- The base plate may have an edge to a side of the at least one movable clamping member remote from the other clamping member, over which edge the sheet material may he moved to cantilever thereover. The measurement device may comprise a beam transmitting device and a beam sensing device operable to receive the transmitted beam and detect when the sheet material interrupts the beam. The beam may be directed from beneath and spaced from the edge of the base plate at an angle of between 30° and 60° to the horizontal.
- Preferably the beam is directed at an angle of 41.5° to the horizontal. The base plate may be formed to have a shallow recess between the spaced locations to reduce the frictional contact between the sheet material and the base plate.
- The measurement device may comprise control means operable to control the sequence of movement of the at least one movable clamping member and the sensing device. The control means may also be operable to render operable the first or second load sensing means for measuring tensile load or buckling load respectively dependent on the direction of movement from the datum position of the at least one movable clamping member. The control means may be operable to vary the length of time between successive movements of the at least one movable clamping member and the sensing device. The control means may also be operable to adjust the speed of movement of the at least one movable clamping member and the sensing device. The control means may comprise programmable means for the selection of the measurements to be made, the speed of movement of the at least one movable clamping member and the sensing device, and the timing of the movements.
- The movement of the at least one movable clamping member and the sensing device may be effected by respective stepper motors. The clamping members may also be moved between respective sample material release positions and their clamping positions by respective stepper motors.
- In another aspect, the invention relates to methods and apparatus for the assessment of seam pucker and other surface irregularities.
- Assessment of surface irregularities, particularly seam pucker, is at present largely a subjective matter. Attempts to introduce objectivity into the assessment have, to date, not been so successful as the result is non-standard. The same is true for measurements, generally, of surface irregularities of which seam pucker is typical—with the exception, possibly, of microscopic surface roughness measurements, necessarily automated and standardized because of inaccessibility to the naked eye—surface irregularity is “judged” rather than objectively measured.
- The invention provides an objective assessment for seam pucker and other, comparable surface irregularities.
- The invention comprises a method for the assessment of seam pucker and other surface irregularities comprising directing at the surface a line beam from an illuminator, imaging the line on the surface formed by the line beam and analysing data of the image to produce an objective indication of the degree of irregularity of the surface.
- Parallel line beams may be directed at the surface. For the assessment of seam pucker, the parallel line beams may be directed to form lines on the surface parallel to and either side of the seam, and at an angle from the plane perpendicular to the surface.
- The illuminator may comprise a line beam laser.
- The line on the surface may be imaged by a pixel image such as a CCD array camera.
- The image may be analysed in a computer programmed with image analysis software. The result of analysing the image may be a display of a distribution of severity of deviation of the surface from flat.
- The surface may be that of a limp material, such as a textile fabric, mounted on a flat support base. The base may, for the assessment, be inclined steeply with the material clamped uppermost and resting against the base below the clamping location.
- For consistency of measurement the material is preferably the same size as the bed, so no additional irregularity is occasioned by edge effects. A sample for assessment may be cut to size using the bed as a template.
- The invention also comprises surface irregularity assessment apparatus comprising
- a line beam illuminator;
- a support arrangement for the surface under assessment such that the line beam illuminator is directed at the surface to illuminate a line thereon;
- an imaging arrangement adapted to image the line illuminated on the surface, by the line beam illuminator; and
- analysis means adapted to receive image data to produce an objective indication of the degree of irregularity of the surface.
- There may be one, two or more line beam illuminators casting parallel beams. Beams may be cast in different arrangements to provide further information.
- The imaging arrangement may comprise a pixel imaging arrangement, and may comprise a CCD array.
- The line illuminator may be a laser.
- The analysis means may comprise a computer programmed with image analysis software.
- Embodiments of the invention will now be further described with references to the accompanying drawings in which:
- FIG. 1 is a front elevation;
- FIG. 2 is a view on line2-2 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an apparatus for measuring seam pucker, in simplified form;
- FIG. 4 is a view of an illuminated sample in the apparatus of FIG. 3; and,
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the apparatus of FIG. 3.
- Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown a
measurement device 10 comprising a substantially horizontally disposedbase plate 11 on which asample 12 of the material to be tested is placed. A ‘fixed’ clampingmember 13 and a ‘movable’ clampingmember 14 are mounted onrespective supports respective stepper motors base plate 11 to clamp thesample 12. At this initial stage the ‘movable’ clampingmember 14 and its ‘movable’support 16 are in the ‘datum position and the end of thesample 12 is aligned with theend 19 of thebase plate 11. Mounted on ahead support 20 is a head assembly comprising a slide part 20 a which is movable by means ofstepper motor 21 and lead screw laterally of thesample 12 inslideways 22 and asensing part 20 b which is movable by means of astepper motor 23 vertically inslideways 24. Thesensing part 20 b has asensing device 25 which incorporates load sensing means 26 and a surface characteristics sensing means 27. Aposition sensor 28 is provided on thesupport 20 to measure the height of thehead assembly 20 relative to thebase plate 11. - The ‘movable’
support 16 is mounted on thebase plate 11 inlow friction slideways 29 disposed remote from theaxis 30 of movement of the ‘movable’support 16 to minimise the effects of friction on the operation and measurement sensitivity of themeasurement device 10. The ‘movable’support 16 is movable by means ofstepper motor 31 andlead screw 32 away from and towards the ‘fixed’support 15, and aposition sensor 33 indicates the position of the ‘movable’support 16 relative to a datum position. Theupper part 16 a of the ‘movable’support 16 is movable inslideways 34 inlower part 16 b bystepper motor 35 laterally of thebase plate 11. Aposition sensor 36 indicates the lateral position of the ‘movable’support 16 relative to a datum central position. In fact, the ‘fixed’support 15 is also mounted on theslideways 29 and is movable from itsdatum position 16 under the effect of a change in the tension in thesample 12. Any such change in tension is detected byload cells support 16 may be extended as shown to support thesample 12 when it is moved towards theedge 19 of thebase plate 12 for the bending test described below. - Located adjacent the
edge 19 of thebase plate 12 is abeam transmitting device 39 and abeam sensing device 40 operable to receive the transmittedbeam 41 and detect when thesample 12 interrupts thebeam 41. Thebeam transmitting device 39 is mounted at theedge 19 and thebeam 41 is directed downwardly towards thebase plate 11 at an angle of 41.5° to the horizontal. - A
control device 42, includingprogrammable means 43, is provided to control automatically the operation of the measuringdevice 10, which is as follows. Theprepared sample 12 of the material to be tested is placed in the measuringdevice 10 on thebase plate 11 so that the end of the sample aligns with theedge 19 of thebase plate 11. Thecontrol device 42 is activated and the clampingmembers motors sample 12.Load cell 37, having a range of measurement appropriate to the measurement of tension in thesample 12 is brought into operation by the control means 42 and theother load cell 38 is taken out of operation. Themotor 31 is then operated to move the ‘movable’support 16 from its datum position in a direction away from the ‘fixed’support 15. This movement applies a tensile load to thesample 12, which is measured by theload cell 37. Ashallow recess 44 in thebase plate 11 under thesample 12 reduces the effect of friction between thesample 12 and thebase plate 11. The distance moved by the ‘movable’support 16 is measured by theposition sensor 33, so that a ‘load-extension’ relationship for thesample 12 can be determined. The control means 42 reverses themotor 31 to return the ‘movable’support 16 to its datum position. Theload sensor 37 is taken out of operation and theload cell 38, having a range of measurement appropriate to the measurement of buckling load in thesample 12, is brought into operation. Further movement of the ‘movable’support 16 towards the ‘fixed’support 15 enables the load in thesample 12 as it buckles to be measured by theload cell 38. The ‘movable support 16 is then again returned to its datum position. - The
sensing part 20 b of thehead support 20 is then lowered by means of themotor 23 until contact between thesample 12 and the surface characteristics sensing means 27. The height of the surface characteristics sensing means 27 above thebase plate 11 is indicated by theposition sensor 28 so as to determine the thickness of thesample 12. Further lowering of thesensing part 20 b will apply a compressive load to thesample 12, as determined by theload cell 26. Correlation of the readings of theload cell 26 and theposition sensor 28 will provide a ‘Load-compression’ relationship for thesample 12. Thesensing part 20 b is then raised to the position of contact between thesample 12 and the surface characteristics sensing means 27. Lateral movement of the slide part 20 a along slideways 22 by means ofmotor 21 causes the surface characteristics sensing means 27 to measure the friction between it and thesample 12 and also the surface roughness of thesample 12. Thesensing part 20 b is then raised to its original position. - The control means42 then activates
motor 36 to move theupper part 16 a of the ‘movable’support 16 laterally of thebase plate 11. This induces a shear in thesample 12, and the shear load is indicated by afurther load cell 45. Correlation of the readings of theload cell 45 and theposition sensor 36 will provide a ‘Load-shear’ relationship for thesample 12. - To determine the bending characteristics of the
sample 12, the control means 42 now activatesmotors members sample 12.Motor 31 is then activated to move the ‘movable’support 16 and thesample 12 away from the ‘fixed’support 15. During this movement thesample 12 is supported by theextended support 16 c. This causes the end of thesample 12 to cantilever over theedge 19 of thebase plate 11 eventually to bend and hang downwardly 50 as to interrupt thebeam 41. Theposition sensor 33 indicates the amount ofsample 12 extending over theedge 19 of thebase plate 11 when thebeam 41 is interrupted, this amount being dependent on the stiffness of the material of thesample 12. - If not all of the above measurements are required, suitable programming of the programmable means43 can cause the control means 42 only to activate the relevant motors for the measuring device to perform the required operations. Furthermore, if the effect of the speed of application of any load to the
sample 12 is required, the programmable means 43 can be programmed to alter the speed of operation of the relevant motor or motors. As a further benefit of the measuringdevice 10, cyclic loading of thesample 12 may be effected by suitable programming of theprogrammable means 43. - Alternative embodiments of the measuring device according to the invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. For example, as an alternative to stepper motors, the movements of the movable parts of the measurement device may be effected by pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders or by linear motors. As another alternative construction, the slide and
sensing parts 20 a, 20 b may be mounted on theupper part 16 a of the ‘movable’support 16. By means of the present invention measurements of tensile, shear, buckling, and compression strengths, sheet thickness, bending stiffness and surface qualities such as friction and roughness can be made on a single sample of a limp sheet material in a single measuring device, thereby reducing the time involved in performing the tests and the initial cost of purchasing the necessary equipment. - FIGS.3 to 5 of the drawings illustrate a
fabric sample 311 with aseam 312 giving rise to seam pucker undulations 13 in the fabric either side of theseam 312—held by aclamp 314 on asupport base 315 inclined steeply so the fabric rests on the base rather than hangs freely, but otherwise without any constriction that would give rise to specious undulation or flattening and of any pucker that might be present. A bridge 315 a on thesupport base 315 restricts movement of thesample 311 during monitoring. - The
base 315 is removable from an enclosure in which the assessment is carried out and may be used as a template in cutting a sample for assessment from a larger piece. - Two parallel
line beam lasers sample 311 so that they illuminatelines 318 either side of theseam 312. - As seen in FIG. 4, these lines take on a undulating appearance because of the seam pucker. The sample is imaged by a
CCD camera 319, which is arranged at such a distance from the sample that the distortions due to seam pucker in thelines 318 are visible in the image. - The whole is enclosed, for the assessment, in a box, and should, to prevent laser light escaping that might damage eyes be viewed directly, there being an interlock arrangement to ensure the lasers cannot operate unless the box is closed.
- The image from the
camera 319 is fed to acomputer 321, FIG. 5, with avision card 322 and software capable of analysing the image by suitable routines to assess the degree and spatial frequency of any undulation caused by seam pucker. - Clearly a similar set-up can be employed to assess other types of surface irregularity.
- The apparatus may readily be miniaturized and presented as a hand-held arrangement for portable use.
Claims (18)
1. A method for the assessment of seam pucker and other surface irregularities comprising directing at the surface a line beam from an illuminator, imaging the line on the surface formed by the line beam and analysing data of the image to produce an objective indication of the degree of regularity of the surface.
2. The method of claim 1 , in which parallel line beams are directed at the surface.
3. The method of claim 2 , in which the parallel line beams are directed to form lines on the surface parallel to and either side of the seam, and at an angle from a plane perpendicular to the surface.
4. The method of claim 1 , in which the illuminator comprises a line beam laser.
5. The method of claim 1 , in which the line on the surface is imaged by a pixel imager, such as a CCD array camera.
6. The method of claim 1 , in which the image is analysed in a computer programmed with image analysis software.
7. The method of claim 6 , in which the result of analysing the image is a display of a distribution of severity of deviation of the surface from flat.
8. The method of claim 1 , in which the surface comprises a limp material, such as a textile fabric mounted on a flat support bed.
9. The method of claim 8 , in which the flat support bed is, for the assessment, inclined steeply with the material clamped uppermost and resting against the bed below the clamping location.
10. The method of claim 8 , in which the material is the same size as the bed.
11. A method of claim 10 , in which the material is cut to size using the bed as a template.
12. Surface irregularity assessment apparatus comprising:
a line beam illuminator;
a support arrangement for the surface under assessment such that the line beam illuminator is directed at the surface to illuminate a line thereon;
an imaging arrangement adapted to image the line illuminator on the surface by the line beam illuminator; and,
analysis means adapted to receive image data to produce an objective indication of the degree of irregularity of the surface.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , in which there are one, two or more line beam illuminators casting parallel beams.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 , in which the imaging arrangement comprises a pixel imaging arrangement.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , in which the pixel imaging arrangement comprise a CCD array.
16. The apparatus of claim 12 , in which the line illuminator and the imaging arrangement point at the surface from different directions.
17. The apparatus of claim 12 , in which the line illuminator is a laser.
18. The apparatus of claim 12 , in which the analysis means comprising a computer programmed with image analysis software.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/699,084 US20040095586A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2003-10-31 | Sheet parameter measurement |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/834,076 US6668231B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2001-04-12 | Sheet parameter measurement |
US10/699,084 US20040095586A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2003-10-31 | Sheet parameter measurement |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/834,076 Division US6668231B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2001-04-12 | Sheet parameter measurement |
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US20040095586A1 true US20040095586A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
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US09/834,076 Expired - Fee Related US6668231B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2001-04-12 | Sheet parameter measurement |
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WO2007126891A1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-11-08 | The Boeing Company | Vision inspection system device and method |
US20080259325A1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2008-10-23 | Engelbart Roger W | Vision inspection system device and method |
CN106610360A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-03 | 中国制浆造纸研究院 | Method for evaluating fold-crack resistance of coated paperboard |
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WO2007126891A1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-11-08 | The Boeing Company | Vision inspection system device and method |
US7362437B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2008-04-22 | The Boeing Company | Vision inspection system device and method |
US20080259325A1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2008-10-23 | Engelbart Roger W | Vision inspection system device and method |
US7978328B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2011-07-12 | The Boeing Company | Vision inspection system device and method |
GB2437544A (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-10-31 | Gary M Holloway | Inspection device for optically complex surfaces |
CN106610360A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-03 | 中国制浆造纸研究院 | Method for evaluating fold-crack resistance of coated paperboard |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20030083828A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
US6668231B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 |
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