US20040042908A1 - Water pump at a portable cutting machine - Google Patents

Water pump at a portable cutting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040042908A1
US20040042908A1 US10/433,660 US43366003A US2004042908A1 US 20040042908 A1 US20040042908 A1 US 20040042908A1 US 43366003 A US43366003 A US 43366003A US 2004042908 A1 US2004042908 A1 US 2004042908A1
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Prior art keywords
cutter
pump
cutting machine
belt pulley
machine according
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Abandoned
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US10/433,660
Inventor
Ove Donnerdal
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D7/00—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines or devices of the preceding groups
    • B28D7/02—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines or devices of the preceding groups for removing or laying dust, e.g. by spraying liquids; for cooling work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D59/00—Accessories specially designed for sawing machines or sawing devices
    • B23D59/006—Accessories specially designed for sawing machines or sawing devices for removing or collecting chips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D59/00—Accessories specially designed for sawing machines or sawing devices
    • B23D59/02—Devices for lubricating or cooling circular saw blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/06—Grinders for cutting-off
    • B24B27/08—Grinders for cutting-off being portable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/04—Protective covers for the grinding wheel
    • B24B55/045—Protective covers for the grinding wheel with cooling means incorporated

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a portable cutting machine, comprising a cutter unit with a rotatable cutter member in the form of a cutter disc or a saw disc, a cutter shaft for the rotation of the cutter member, a guard in the form of a protective housing for said cutter member, at least one water nozzle provided in the protective housing for the generation of one or more water jets in the space defined by the protective housing, said one or more water jets essentially laying the dust which is generated during the cutting operation and cooling the cutter member, the machine further comprising a power unit and a first power transmission between the power unit and the cutter shaft.
  • a wet cutter system is known, according to which the operator carries a unit comprising a small tank and an electrical water pump in a harness on his back The unit also may stand on the ground.
  • the system has the advantage that it can operate with a low consumption of water. However; it can not operate with petrol-powered cutting machines without access to electricity supply.
  • Combustion engine powered cutting machines has a great advantage over other types of cutting machines because they can operate without access to electricity supply.
  • the invention aims at providing an integrated portable cutting machine which combines the advantage of the portable cutting machine which is defined in the above preamble with the advantage of powering the cutting machine by means of a combustion engine.
  • the water supply can be satisfied by conveying water to the working site in a small can or other vessel in the case the cutting machine is equipped for the supply of only a minimum of water for laying dust and for cooling the cutter member.
  • water can be supplied from a possibly available water mains or from a stream, lake, well or the like, in the case a water supply of that type is available near the working site. According to said latter alternatives, the water supply to the nozzle in the protective housing may be more plentiful.
  • FIGS. 1 - 4 are side views of the machine according to some embodiments thereof
  • FIG. 5 shows how the water supply can be satisfied when a non-self-priming type of pump is employed
  • FIG. 6 shows a nozzle of a type which can be included in the machine.
  • a cutting machine is generally designated by the reference numeral 1 .
  • the power unit of the machine comprises a preferably petrol-powered combustion engine 2 .
  • a cutter unit is designated 3 .
  • Said unit comprises a rotatable cutter member 4 in the form of a cutter disc or a saw disc, which is rotated by a not shown cutter shaft, which extends through the centre of the cutter member.
  • the cutter member is secured to the cutter shaft between inner- and outer washers of the type referred to as flange washers, which are not shown in the drawings.
  • the cutter shaft is mounted in a pair of ball bearings in bearing housings on a tool carrier 5 , which extends forwards from a crank-case.
  • the engine has a crank-shaft which drives a driving belt, which is designated 7 in FIG. 3, via a centrifugal clutch 6 and a rear driving wheel connected to a centrifugal clutch casing.
  • the driving belt in turn drives a front belt pulley, which is designated 8 in FIG. 3, which belt pulley is non-rotatably connected to the cutter shaft and provided to rotate said cutter shaft and hence the cutter member 4 .
  • the driving belt 7 is covered by a clutch casing 9 and by a front belt protection 10 .
  • the rear part of the cutter member 4 is covered by a guard in the form of a protective housing 11 .
  • a nozzle 12 on each side of the cutter member 4 .
  • the nozzles 12 may be designed e.g. as will described with reference to FIG. 6. Connections to the nozzles 12 , on the outside of the housing 11 , are designated 13 .
  • a main connection conduit 14 extends from a pump, which can be mounted at different locations in the machine according to the different embodiments which will be described in the following.
  • Branch conduits are designated 15 and a water supply conduit (suction conduit) to the pump is designated 16 .
  • the pump is mounted on and is provided to be powered by the not shown crank-shaft of the engine 2 .
  • the pump in this case is hidden behind the centrifugal clutch 6 .
  • the pump which is designated 20 in all the embodiments, is located inside of the clutch casing 9 , more particularly inside of a projection 21 of the clutch casing which projects downwards.
  • the pump 20 in this case is driven by the crank-shaft, e.g. via a worm gear or via a gear wheel inside the centrifugal clutch; alternatively via a very small belt transmission between the crank shaft and a driving shaft of the pump.
  • the pump 20 instead is located in the front belt protection 10 and is powered by the driving belt 7 via a third belt pulley 22 between the rear driving wheel and the front belt pulley 8 .
  • the third belt pulley 22 is driven by the driving belt 20 and is in this case integrated with a belt stretcher provided for the driving belt 7 .
  • the pump 20 is located in an upwards-rearwards directed projection 24 of the front driving belt casing 10 .
  • the front belt pulley 8 is designed as a double belt pulley.
  • two separate belt pulleys are provided on the cutter shaft. This second belt pulley, or the second groove of the double belt pulley, respectively, in this case drives the pump 20 via an auxiliary driving belt 25 .
  • the pump is provided in the front belt protection 10 and is driven via a gear wheel or worm gear located between the said ball bearings on the cutter shaft. This provides a more compact solution than the embodiment which is shown in FIG. 4, where the pump is driven via an auxiliary driving belt 25 .
  • the pump is provided in the protective housing 11 inside the said inner flange washer.
  • the pump is integrated in the front belt protection 10 via a driving member engaged to the front belt pulley 8 or to a central nut by means of which the belt pulley is secured to the cutter shaft such that the rotational centre of a impeller in the pump is coaxial with the rotational centre of drive shaft.
  • the suction conduit 16 i.e. the water supply conduit
  • the suction conduit 16 may be provided with a manually powered booster pump 30 , FIG. 5, in the form of a rubber bellows, for initiating the pumping.
  • the branched conduits 15 have not been shown in this embodiment and a nozzle 12 is shown only schematically.
  • a pair of non return valves in the connections to the rubber bellows 30 are designated 18 and are also shown at a larger scale in the same drawing.
  • Filter materials 27 are included in the nozzles 12 .
  • the nozzles 12 may be provided with a turnable plate 28 , FIG. 6, having a plurality of openings 29 A, 29 B, 29 C with different dimensions. By turning the plate 28 , the openings 29 A- 29 C can be registered such that they will communicate with members in the nozzle 12 for the supply of water.
  • the pump 20 preferably is a low pressure type suction pump, developing a pressure of 2-4 bar of the discharged water.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sawing (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Shearing Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a portable cutting machine (1), comprising a cutter unit (3) with a rotatable cutter member (4) in the form of a cutter disc or a saw disc, a cutter shaft for the rotation of the cutter member, a guard in the form of a protective housing (11) for said cutter member, at least one water nozzle (12) provided in the protective housing for the generation of one or more water jets in the space defined by the protective housing, said one or more water jets essentially laying the dust which is generated during the cutting operation and cooling the cutter member, the machine further comprising a power unit (2) and a first power transmission (7) between the power unit and the cutter shaft. The machine is characterized in that a water pump (20) is provided in or on the cutter unit (3) or inside a casing (9), which covers at least parts of said power transmission, and that the pump is powered directly by members belonging to said first power transmission or by the cutter shaft or indirectly by said members belonging to said first power transmission or by the cutter shaft

Description

    TECHNICAL FIELD
  • The invention concerns a portable cutting machine, comprising a cutter unit with a rotatable cutter member in the form of a cutter disc or a saw disc, a cutter shaft for the rotation of the cutter member, a guard in the form of a protective housing for said cutter member, at least one water nozzle provided in the protective housing for the generation of one or more water jets in the space defined by the protective housing, said one or more water jets essentially laying the dust which is generated during the cutting operation and cooling the cutter member, the machine further comprising a power unit and a first power transmission between the power unit and the cutter shaft. [0001]
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • A wet cutter system is known, according to which the operator carries a unit comprising a small tank and an electrical water pump in a harness on his back The unit also may stand on the ground. The system has the advantage that it can operate with a low consumption of water. However; it can not operate with petrol-powered cutting machines without access to electricity supply. [0002]
  • Combustion engine powered cutting machines has a great advantage over other types of cutting machines because they can operate without access to electricity supply. [0003]
    • BRIEF DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
  • In view of the above background, the invention aims at providing an integrated portable cutting machine which combines the advantage of the portable cutting machine which is defined in the above preamble with the advantage of powering the cutting machine by means of a combustion engine. The water supply can be satisfied by conveying water to the working site in a small can or other vessel in the case the cutting machine is equipped for the supply of only a minimum of water for laying dust and for cooling the cutter member. As an alternative, water can be supplied from a possibly available water mains or from a stream, lake, well or the like, in the case a water supply of that type is available near the working site. According to said latter alternatives, the water supply to the nozzle in the protective housing may be more plentiful. [0004]
  • Further features and aspects of the invention, as well as advantages thereof, will be apparent from the appending patent claims and from the description of conceivable embodiments. [0005]
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
  • In the following description of some conceivable embodiments of the machine according to the invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, in which [0006]
  • FIGS. [0007] 1-4 are side views of the machine according to some embodiments thereof
  • FIG. 5 shows how the water supply can be satisfied when a non-self-priming type of pump is employed, and [0008]
  • FIG. 6 shows a nozzle of a type which can be included in the machine.[0009]
    • DESCRIPTION OF SOME CONCEIVABLE EMBODIMENTS
  • In FIGS. [0010] 1-4 a cutting machine is generally designated by the reference numeral 1. The power unit of the machine comprises a preferably petrol-powered combustion engine 2. A cutter unit is designated 3. Said unit comprises a rotatable cutter member 4 in the form of a cutter disc or a saw disc, which is rotated by a not shown cutter shaft, which extends through the centre of the cutter member. The cutter member is secured to the cutter shaft between inner- and outer washers of the type referred to as flange washers, which are not shown in the drawings. The cutter shaft is mounted in a pair of ball bearings in bearing housings on a tool carrier 5, which extends forwards from a crank-case. The engine has a crank-shaft which drives a driving belt, which is designated 7 in FIG. 3, via a centrifugal clutch 6 and a rear driving wheel connected to a centrifugal clutch casing. The driving belt in turn drives a front belt pulley, which is designated 8 in FIG. 3, which belt pulley is non-rotatably connected to the cutter shaft and provided to rotate said cutter shaft and hence the cutter member 4. The driving belt 7 is covered by a clutch casing 9 and by a front belt protection 10.
  • The rear part of the cutter member [0011] 4 is covered by a guard in the form of a protective housing 11. In the protective housing 11 there are provided a nozzle 12 on each side of the cutter member 4. The nozzles 12 may be designed e.g. as will described with reference to FIG. 6. Connections to the nozzles 12, on the outside of the housing 11, are designated 13. From a pump, which can be mounted at different locations in the machine according to the different embodiments which will be described in the following, a main connection conduit 14 extends. Branch conduits are designated 15 and a water supply conduit (suction conduit) to the pump is designated 16.
  • According to the embodiment which is shown in FIG. 1, the pump is mounted on and is provided to be powered by the not shown crank-shaft of the [0012] engine 2. The pump in this case is hidden behind the centrifugal clutch 6.
  • In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the pump, which is designated [0013] 20 in all the embodiments, is located inside of the clutch casing 9, more particularly inside of a projection 21 of the clutch casing which projects downwards. The pump 20 in this case is driven by the crank-shaft, e.g. via a worm gear or via a gear wheel inside the centrifugal clutch; alternatively via a very small belt transmission between the crank shaft and a driving shaft of the pump.
  • According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the [0014] pump 20 instead is located in the front belt protection 10 and is powered by the driving belt 7 via a third belt pulley 22 between the rear driving wheel and the front belt pulley 8. The third belt pulley 22 is driven by the driving belt 20 and is in this case integrated with a belt stretcher provided for the driving belt 7.
  • In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the [0015] pump 20 is located in an upwards-rearwards directed projection 24 of the front driving belt casing 10. In this case, the front belt pulley 8 is designed as a double belt pulley. Alternatively, two separate belt pulleys are provided on the cutter shaft. This second belt pulley, or the second groove of the double belt pulley, respectively, in this case drives the pump 20 via an auxiliary driving belt 25.
  • It is also conceivable, according to an embodiment which is not illustrated in any drawing, that the pump is provided in the [0016] front belt protection 10 and is driven via a gear wheel or worm gear located between the said ball bearings on the cutter shaft. This provides a more compact solution than the embodiment which is shown in FIG. 4, where the pump is driven via an auxiliary driving belt 25. According to still another alternative the pump is provided in the protective housing 11 inside the said inner flange washer.
  • According to still another alternative the pump is integrated in the [0017] front belt protection 10 via a driving member engaged to the front belt pulley 8 or to a central nut by means of which the belt pulley is secured to the cutter shaft such that the rotational centre of a impeller in the pump is coaxial with the rotational centre of drive shaft.
  • When a not self priming (self-sucking) [0018] pump 20 is employed, the suction conduit 16, i.e. the water supply conduit, may be provided with a manually powered booster pump 30, FIG. 5, in the form of a rubber bellows, for initiating the pumping. The branched conduits 15 have not been shown in this embodiment and a nozzle 12 is shown only schematically. A pair of non return valves in the connections to the rubber bellows 30 are designated 18 and are also shown at a larger scale in the same drawing.
  • Filter materials [0019] 27 are included in the nozzles 12. In order to make it possible to employ nozzles 12 of a standard type suitable for cutting machines of various capacity, which may require different quantities of water for laying the produced dust and/or for cooling larger or smaller cutter members, the nozzles may be provided with a turnable plate 28, FIG. 6, having a plurality of openings 29A, 29B, 29C with different dimensions. By turning the plate 28, the openings 29A-29C can be registered such that they will communicate with members in the nozzle 12 for the supply of water.
  • The [0020] pump 20 preferably is a low pressure type suction pump, developing a pressure of 2-4 bar of the discharged water.

Claims (10)

1. Portable cutting machine (1), comprising a cutter unit (3) with a rotatable cutter member (4) in the form of a cutter disc or a saw disc, a cutter shaft for the rotation of the cutter member, a guard in the form of a protective housing (11) for said cutter member, at least one water nozzle (12) provided in the protective housing for the generation of one or more water jets in the space defined by the protective housing, said one or more water jets essentially laying the dust which is generated during the cutting operation and cooling the cutter member, the machine further comprising a power unit (2) and a first power transmission (7) between the power unit and the cutter shaft, characterized in that a water pump (20) is provided in or on the cutter unit (3) or inside a casing (9), which covers at least parts of said power transmission, and that the pump is powered directly by members belonging to said first power transmission or by the cutter shaft or indirectly by said members belonging to said first power transmission or by the cutter shaft.
2. Cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said power transmission comprises a first driving belt (7) and a first belt pulley (8) or a first groove on a double belt pulley on the cutter shaft, and that the pump is driven via a second belt pulley or a second groove on said double belt pulley via a second driving belt (25).
3. Cutting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the pump is mounted in a front belt protection included in the cutter unit.
4. Cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutter shaft is journalled in at least two ball bearings in a carrier for the cutter member and that the pump (20) is driven via a gear wheel or a worm gear, which is mounted between ball bearings on the cutter shaft.
5. Cutting machine according to claim 1, wherein the cutter member is mounted between an inner- and an outer flange washer, characterized in that the pump is mounted inside the inner flange washer and is driven by the cutter shaft.
6. Cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pump is provided in a front belt protection and is driven via a driving member connected to a belt pulley for driving the cutter member or to a nut which secures the belt pulley on the cutter shaft.
7. Cutting machine according to claim 1, wherein the cutter shaft is driven by the power unit via a driving belt (7) between a rear driving wheel and a front belt pulley (8), characterized in that the pump is driven via a belt pulley mounted between the rear driving wheel and the front belt pulley (8).
8. Cutting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the pump is integrated with said belt pulley which is provided between the rear driving wheel and the front belt pulley.
9. Cutting machine according to claim 1, wherein the power unit comprises a crank-shaft, which drives a driving belt (7) included in said first powered transmission via a centrifugal clutch which is covered by a clutch casing (9), characterized in that the pump (20) is provided inside the clutch casing.
10. Cutting machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the pump is driven from the crank-shaft via a worm gear or via a belt transmission.
US10/433,660 2000-12-12 2001-12-05 Water pump at a portable cutting machine Abandoned US20040042908A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0004598-9 2000-12-12
SE0004598A SE518103C2 (en) 2000-12-12 2000-12-12 Water pump at portable cutting machine
PCT/SE2001/002674 WO2002047873A1 (en) 2000-12-12 2001-12-05 Water pump at a portable cutting machine

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US20040042908A1 true US20040042908A1 (en) 2004-03-04

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US10/433,660 Abandoned US20040042908A1 (en) 2000-12-12 2001-12-05 Water pump at a portable cutting machine

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US20040042908A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1349714B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1268477C (en)
AT (1) ATE315986T1 (en)
AU (2) AU2002221220B2 (en)
DE (1) DE60116711D1 (en)
SE (1) SE518103C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2002047873A1 (en)

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US20060128289A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-06-15 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Protective Cover for a Hand-Held Cut-Off Machine
DE202005006371U1 (en) * 2005-04-20 2006-08-31 Dolmar Gmbh Abrasive cutter
DE102005049766A1 (en) * 2005-10-18 2007-04-19 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Hand-held cut-off grinder
US20100251867A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Ping Shao Saw having a coolant supply
US20120312138A1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Makita Corporation Supply device for spraying a cutting tool of a handheld power tool and a power tool of this type
US20120312121A1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Makita Corporation Protective cover for a handheld power tool
DE102012221273A1 (en) * 2012-11-21 2014-05-22 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Tool device with a spray device for dust binding
DE102012221275A1 (en) * 2012-11-21 2014-05-22 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Tool device with a spray device for dust binding
CN104015266A (en) * 2013-05-07 2014-09-03 昆山瑞恒峰技术咨询有限公司 Novel handheld ceramic tile cutting machine
US20170050338A1 (en) * 2015-08-17 2017-02-23 Chao-Ying LEE Power Saw Blade Cooling Arrangement
CN106944663A (en) * 2017-03-10 2017-07-14 长葛市宏锦成电动科技有限公司 A kind of cutting machine blade heat sink
US9862539B2 (en) 2008-12-12 2018-01-09 Husqvarna Ab Portable water tank assembly for a dust emitting construction machine
FR3056429A1 (en) * 2016-09-29 2018-03-30 Daniel Botte ADJUSTABLE CUTTING GUIDE FOR A CUTTING TOOL COMPRISING A ROTARY CUTTING DISC AND CUTTING TOOL EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A GUIDE
US11097410B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2021-08-24 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Battery-powered hand-held machine tool
US11376756B2 (en) * 2019-12-17 2022-07-05 Germans Boada, S.A. Cooling device for disc cutters

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DE202004016268U1 (en) * 2004-10-20 2006-03-23 Dolmar Gmbh Water supply for cutters
DE202005022136U1 (en) 2004-10-29 2015-06-30 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Protective hood of a hand-held cutting grinder
DE202005015502U1 (en) * 2005-10-01 2007-02-08 Dolmar Gmbh Injection adjustment handle for cutting grinder
GB2462468A (en) * 2008-08-08 2010-02-10 David Vincent Byrne Concrete saw with integral pressurized water feed
CN104582886B (en) 2012-06-12 2019-03-01 胡斯华纳有限公司 Electric cutting system
CN103286690A (en) * 2013-06-28 2013-09-11 成都欣领航科技有限公司 Grinding machine with automatic cooling function
CN103302594A (en) * 2013-06-28 2013-09-18 成都欣领航科技有限公司 Grinding wheel machine capable of collecting waste materials
CN103302588A (en) * 2013-06-28 2013-09-18 成都欣领航科技有限公司 Grinding wheel machine facilitating cooling
CN106346306A (en) * 2016-09-23 2017-01-25 卓拓精密工具（苏州）有限公司 Cutting machine with water spraying function
CN108162074A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-15 宁波杨古诚文化传播有限公司 A kind of wood processing machinery
CN114147287B (en) * 2021-11-06 2023-01-10 安徽日竞控制技术有限公司 Braces formula exempts from handheld electric circular saw that can start automatically

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Also Published As

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DE60116711D1 (en) 2006-04-06
EP1349714A1 (en) 2003-10-08
EP1349714B1 (en) 2006-01-18
ATE315986T1 (en) 2006-02-15
CN1268477C (en) 2006-08-09
AU2122002A (en) 2002-06-24
SE0004598L (en) 2002-06-13
CN1479668A (en) 2004-03-03
SE518103C2 (en) 2002-08-27
SE0004598D0 (en) 2000-12-12
AU2002221220B2 (en) 2007-06-28
WO2002047873A1 (en) 2002-06-20

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