US20040040908A1 - Spa water circulation system - Google Patents
Spa water circulation system Download PDFInfo
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- US20040040908A1 US20040040908A1 US10/458,283 US45828303A US2004040908A1 US 20040040908 A1 US20040040908 A1 US 20040040908A1 US 45828303 A US45828303 A US 45828303A US 2004040908 A1 US2004040908 A1 US 2004040908A1
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- water
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- purification
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010797 grey water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 241000204735 Pseudomonas nitroreducens Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000586489 Ancylobacter aquaticus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000194110 Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000589187 Rhizobium sp. Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001495153 Xanthobacter sp. Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 urea Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical class ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003302 UV-light treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/002—Grey water, e.g. from clothes washers, showers or dishwashers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
Definitions
- the invention relates to water purification and particularly to a spa water circulation system and a method of circulating spa water.
- the water of a public pool normally changes in three, four hours. However, since the volume of the pool may be very large, it naturally follows that the water consumption is also large. To reduce the water consumption, at least part of the pool water can be circulated back to the pool through a purification system. In that case, the water can be purified mechanically through a sand filter or a coal filter, for example. These filters clog sooner or later, and to prevent this, they have to be washed regularly, which also increases water consumption. Filters are usually washed by spraying large amounts of water with pressure through the filter against the current. A third factor that significantly increases the water consumption at swimming halls is shower water consumed in connection with swimming and sauna.
- water can also be purified biologically.
- Water plants for example, have been used in biological purification of pool water (FR 2784983 and CH 688235) as well as other microorganisms.
- Japanese application 6198291 describes pool water purification by means of a filter which consists of active charcoal and to which certain bacteria, yeasts and fungi have been adsorbed. This way, the contaminants originating from humans can be removed effectively.
- the spa water circulation system of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a first purification system, which is connected to a pool ( 1 ) and comprises a first biological purification unit ( 5 ) and a filtration unit ( 3 ), and a second purification system, to which grey waters of the spa are connected and which comprises a second biological purification unit ( 7 ) and a filtration unit ( 10 ), which is connected to the pool ( 1 ).
- the water circulation system comprises a first purification system which is connected to a pool ( 1 ) and comprises a first biological purification unit ( 5 ) and a filtration unit ( 3 ), and a second purification system, to which grey waters of the spa are connected and which comprises a second biological purification unit ( 7 ) and a filtration unit ( 10 ), which is connected to the pool ( 1 ), and the pool water is further connected to the filtration units ( 3 ) and ( 10 ) against the current and further from the filtration units to the second biological purification unit ( 7 ).
- the method of circulating spa water according to the invention is characterized in that pool ( 1 ) water is circulated through a first purification system, which comprises a first biological purification unit ( 5 ) and a filtration unit ( 3 ), and grey water is passed through a second purification system, which comprises a second biological purification unit ( 7 ) and a filtration unit ( 10 ), from which purified water is led to the pool.
- a first purification system which comprises a first biological purification unit ( 5 ) and a filtration unit ( 3 )
- grey water is passed through a second purification system, which comprises a second biological purification unit ( 7 ) and a filtration unit ( 10 ), from which purified water is led to the pool.
- pool ( 1 ) water is circulated through a first purification system, which comprises a first biological purification unit ( 5 ) and a filtration unit ( 3 ), and grey water is passed through a second purification system, which comprises a second biological purification unit ( 7 ) and a filtration unit ( 10 ), from which purified water is led to the pool, and the pool ( 1 ) water is circulated from the pool ( 1 ) against the current to filtration units ( 3 and 10 ) for use as wash water, and the used wash water is then led to the second biological purification unit ( 7 ).
- a first purification system which comprises a first biological purification unit ( 5 ) and a filtration unit ( 3 )
- grey water is passed through a second purification system, which comprises a second biological purification unit ( 7 ) and a filtration unit ( 10 ), from which purified water is led to the pool
- the pool ( 1 ) water is circulated from the pool ( 1 ) against the current to filtration units ( 3 and 10 ) for
- spa generally refers to a swimming hall but it may also be another kind of facility where people do not necessarily swim.
- shimming pool thus also comprises pools intended for recreation only or for water gymnastics, for example.
- the present invention enables effective purification of both the pool water and the grey water and their re-utilization in a smallish space. For several reasons, it would not be a good solution to combine all waters of swimming halls and take them to a common purification system. Often tens of thousands of cubic metres of pool water have to be circulated per day. The pool water is, however, rather clean, which enables the use of a relatively short residence time in purification. Instead, the grey water and optionally filter wash water, whose volumes are smaller, are dirtier and thus require longer residence times in purification. If all the above-mentioned waters were combined, it would be necessary to use long residence times for combined waters, in which case the purification system would take unreasonably much space.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a pool 1 , which is connected to a first purification system, which comprises a first biological purification unit and a filtration unit 3 .
- a first purification system which comprises a first biological purification unit and a filtration unit 3 .
- the pool 1 is connected to a balancing reservoir 2 , which is in the flow direction further connected both directly and via the biological purification unit 5 to the filtration unit 3 , which is in the flow direction further connected back to the pool 1 .
- Part of the water coming from the pool is taken first through the biological purification unit 5 and part of it directly through the filtration unit 3 .
- a UV unit 4 for sterilizing the filtered water with UV light.
- the water circulation system illustrated in the figure further comprises a buffer reservoir 6 , into which grey waters, i.e. mainly shower water and other wash waters, are taken.
- the buffer reservoir 6 which contains unpurified water, is in the flow direction further connected to a second purification system, which comprises a biological purification unit 7 and a filtration unit 10 connected one after the other in this order in the flow direction.
- the filtration unit 10 is in the flow direction further connected to a buffer reservoir 8 for clean water, which is further connected to the balancing reservoir 2 for carrying purified water from the second purification system to the first purification system and further to the pool.
- purified grey water can be led from the buffer reservoir 8 directly to the pool without taking it through the first purification system (not shown in the figure).
- the buffer reservoir 8 for clean water can also be connected to another circulating system 9 so that the water can be used for cleaning, flushing toilets, etc.
- the pool 1 can be connected against the current to the filtration units 3 and 10 for carrying filter wash water to the filters against the current (not shown).
- the water used as wash water can be connected from the balancing reservoir 2 to the filtration units 3 and 10 for taking unpurified pool water and any purified grey water to the filters against the current. Wash waters led against the current are then connected to the buffer reservoir 6 for taking the used wash water to the buffer reservoir and further through the second purification system to the filters, where the used wash water can be purified.
- the filtration units 3 and 10 are normally constructed so that the water to be purified is led to the upper part of the unit, from which it flows downwards by means of gravity, for example, and is simultaneously purified. Filter of this kind is cleaned, when necessary, by pumping or spraying wash water against the current, i.e. in this case from below up.
- the water circulation system described here further comprises necessary valves, meters, sensors and pumps for monitoring and controlling the purification process.
- it comprises dispensing units for chemicals usually used in water purification, such as chemical precipitants and chlorine.
- the chemicals are added by dispensing pumps, which simultaneously function with the pump that pumps water from the buffer container to the sand filter.
- the biological purification units 5 and 7 described above consist of several sections. Preferably, there are approximately ten sections, although the figure illustrates only two of them.
- the first section of the purification unit 7 is usually a pre-aeration unit, where part of the organic load and unpleasant odors are removed. This section is not necessary in the purification unit 5 .
- the purification units comprise in the flow direction one or more pre-clarification sections connected in parallel which function as an anaerobic reactor and separate solids. After this, in the flow direction there may be several aerobic reactors connected in parallel for removing organic load and nutrients.
- the aerobic reactors are provided with a carrier, to which the microbes used for purification attach, and aeration.
- post-clarification section without lamellas for removing the solids and one or more post-clarification sections mainly for separating the biomass entering from the reactors from water.
- the last section is a buffer container, which functions as a pumping container.
- the filtration units 3 and 10 may also function as post-clarifiers.
- the biological purification units contain a mixed microbial population suitable for water purification.
- the mixed population contains at least the following bacteria: Bacillus sp. DT-1 (DSM 12560), Pseudomonas azelaica DT-2 (DSM 12561) and Rhizobium sp. DT-5 (DSM 12562).
- the mixed population includes, in addition to the above-mentioned three bacteria, the following bacteria: Pseudomonas azelaica DT-6 (DSM 13516), Azospirillium sp. DT-10 (DSM 13517), Ancylobacter aquaticus DT-12 (DSM 13518) ja Xanthobacter sp. DT-13 (DSM 13519).
- These bacteria are isolated from nature and particularly suitable for purifying wastewaters of different types. They are neither pathogenic nor harmful to the environment. These bacteria are described in WO01/04060.
- the biological purification unit of pool water can efficiently reduce both the COD and the BOD, the need for chlorinating pool water decreases. Furthermore, the biological purification unit can efficiently remove nitrogen, such as urea and ammonia, which are converted into NO 3 and finally into N 2 . During the actual chlorination of water, the fast conversion of urea into NH 4 prevents the generation of chloramines, which produce odors and irritate eyes.
- the filtration units 3 and 5 may be conventional filter cartridges which contain sand and/or active charcoal. They may also be membrane filters, plastic filters or ceramic filters or combinations of these. They are often multi-layered. When water is pumped through the filtration unit, it is purified both biologically and mechanically. Hair, epithelia and solids gradually clog filtration units, for which reason they have to be flushed regularly. For this purpose, circulated water to be used for washing and means for spraying the filters against the current are connected to the filtration units.
- a water circulation system shown in the figure was filled with clean water.
- Biomass of Bacillus sp. DT-1 (DSM 12560), Pseudomonas azelaica DT-2 (DSM 12561), Rhizobium sp. DT-5 (DSM 12562), Pseudomonas azelaica DT-6 (DSM 13516), Azospirillium sp. DT-10 (DSM 13517), Ancylobacter aquaticus DT-12 (DSM 13518) and Xanthobacter sp. DT-13 (DSM 13519) was added to the pre-clarification sections and reactors. After this, aeration was started.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a spa water circulation system and a method of circulating spa water. The water consumption at a spa as well as at a swimming hall consists of both pool water and grey water, which is mainly shower water. Both waters are purified. The present invention provides an economical solution for purifying both these waters by circulating the waters through two purification systems which are connected to each other and through which even the filter wash waters may be circulated.
Description
- The invention relates to water purification and particularly to a spa water circulation system and a method of circulating spa water.
- The water of a public pool normally changes in three, four hours. However, since the volume of the pool may be very large, it naturally follows that the water consumption is also large. To reduce the water consumption, at least part of the pool water can be circulated back to the pool through a purification system. In that case, the water can be purified mechanically through a sand filter or a coal filter, for example. These filters clog sooner or later, and to prevent this, they have to be washed regularly, which also increases water consumption. Filters are usually washed by spraying large amounts of water with pressure through the filter against the current. A third factor that significantly increases the water consumption at swimming halls is shower water consumed in connection with swimming and sauna.
- Conventionally, water can also be purified biologically. Water plants, for example, have been used in biological purification of pool water (FR 2784983 and CH 688235) as well as other microorganisms. Japanese application 6198291, for example, describes pool water purification by means of a filter which consists of active charcoal and to which certain bacteria, yeasts and fungi have been adsorbed. This way, the contaminants originating from humans can be removed effectively.
- The above-mentioned publications only relate to the purification and circulation of the actual pool water but they do not mention anything about purification and circulation of other waters at a spa. Since the pool water forms only part of the total water consumption at a spa, a water circulation system which also takes into account the consumption of other water, such as shower water and preferably also filter wash water, would be welcome. The present invention provides such a total solution, i.e. a water circulation system which allows savings not only in pool water consumption but also in other water consumption as well as in water heating costs. An object of the invention is thus to achieve significant cost benefits in raw water charges and in heating of raw water. Another object is naturally to provide effective purification, in which case use of chemicals, such as chlorine, can be reduced, which makes pools more pleasant to swimmers.
- The spa water circulation system of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a first purification system, which is connected to a pool (1) and comprises a first biological purification unit (5) and a filtration unit (3), and a second purification system, to which grey waters of the spa are connected and which comprises a second biological purification unit (7) and a filtration unit (10), which is connected to the pool (1).
- According to one embodiment of the invention, the water circulation system comprises a first purification system which is connected to a pool (1) and comprises a first biological purification unit (5) and a filtration unit (3), and a second purification system, to which grey waters of the spa are connected and which comprises a second biological purification unit (7) and a filtration unit (10), which is connected to the pool (1), and the pool water is further connected to the filtration units (3) and (10) against the current and further from the filtration units to the second biological purification unit (7).
- The method of circulating spa water according to the invention is characterized in that pool (1) water is circulated through a first purification system, which comprises a first biological purification unit (5) and a filtration unit (3), and grey water is passed through a second purification system, which comprises a second biological purification unit (7) and a filtration unit (10), from which purified water is led to the pool.
- According to one embodiment of the invention, pool (1) water is circulated through a first purification system, which comprises a first biological purification unit (5) and a filtration unit (3), and grey water is passed through a second purification system, which comprises a second biological purification unit (7) and a filtration unit (10), from which purified water is led to the pool, and the pool (1) water is circulated from the pool (1) against the current to filtration units (3 and 10) for use as wash water, and the used wash water is then led to the second biological purification unit (7).
- Here the term “spa” generally refers to a swimming hall but it may also be another kind of facility where people do not necessarily swim. The term “swimming pool” thus also comprises pools intended for recreation only or for water gymnastics, for example.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
- The present invention enables effective purification of both the pool water and the grey water and their re-utilization in a smallish space. For several reasons, it would not be a good solution to combine all waters of swimming halls and take them to a common purification system. Often tens of thousands of cubic metres of pool water have to be circulated per day. The pool water is, however, rather clean, which enables the use of a relatively short residence time in purification. Instead, the grey water and optionally filter wash water, whose volumes are smaller, are dirtier and thus require longer residence times in purification. If all the above-mentioned waters were combined, it would be necessary to use long residence times for combined waters, in which case the purification system would take unreasonably much space. The effectiveness of a circulation and purification system for combined waters would not be good, either, since pool water contains different human excreta, for example nitrogen compounds, such as urea, whereas shower waters include large amounts of soap. The filter wash waters include a lot of organic waste, hair, skin pieces, etc. When different kinds of waters are supplied to different purification systems, it is also possible to utilize the fact that the mixed microbial population used for biological purification is adapted to remove exactly the contaminants the water concerned includes.
- Separation of spa water purification processes into two parts further has the advantage that the process, if implemented as a simultaneous one, would be difficult to manage and operate and also be sensitive to changes in operation parameters.
- The savings in heating costs naturally result from the fact that the water to be circulated has been heated once and remains warmer than usual cold water, which would otherwise have to be added to the system. Normally the filters, for example, are washed with cold water, in which case the whole filtration unit cools down and the clean water to be pumped back into the pool has to be reheated.
- The invention will now be described in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying figure, which illustrates a two-part spa water circulation system.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a pool1, which is connected to a first purification system, which comprises a first biological purification unit and a
filtration unit 3. To put it more precisely, in the flow direction of water, the pool 1 is connected to a balancing reservoir 2, which is in the flow direction further connected both directly and via thebiological purification unit 5 to thefiltration unit 3, which is in the flow direction further connected back to the pool 1. Part of the water coming from the pool is taken first through thebiological purification unit 5 and part of it directly through thefiltration unit 3. Preferably, between thefiltration unit 3 and the pool 1, there is aUV unit 4 for sterilizing the filtered water with UV light. Furthermore, in this space, there may also be a chlorine dispensing unit for chlorinating the water to be passed to the pool. - The water circulation system illustrated in the figure further comprises a
buffer reservoir 6, into which grey waters, i.e. mainly shower water and other wash waters, are taken. Thebuffer reservoir 6, which contains unpurified water, is in the flow direction further connected to a second purification system, which comprises abiological purification unit 7 and a filtration unit 10 connected one after the other in this order in the flow direction. The filtration unit 10 is in the flow direction further connected to abuffer reservoir 8 for clean water, which is further connected to the balancing reservoir 2 for carrying purified water from the second purification system to the first purification system and further to the pool. Alternatively, purified grey water can be led from thebuffer reservoir 8 directly to the pool without taking it through the first purification system (not shown in the figure). If desired, thebuffer reservoir 8 for clean water can also be connected to another circulatingsystem 9 so that the water can be used for cleaning, flushing toilets, etc. - Furthermore, the pool1 can be connected against the current to the
filtration units 3 and 10 for carrying filter wash water to the filters against the current (not shown). Preferably, the water used as wash water can be connected from the balancing reservoir 2 to thefiltration units 3 and 10 for taking unpurified pool water and any purified grey water to the filters against the current. Wash waters led against the current are then connected to thebuffer reservoir 6 for taking the used wash water to the buffer reservoir and further through the second purification system to the filters, where the used wash water can be purified. - The
filtration units 3 and 10 are normally constructed so that the water to be purified is led to the upper part of the unit, from which it flows downwards by means of gravity, for example, and is simultaneously purified. Filter of this kind is cleaned, when necessary, by pumping or spraying wash water against the current, i.e. in this case from below up. - The water circulation system described here further comprises necessary valves, meters, sensors and pumps for monitoring and controlling the purification process. In addition, it comprises dispensing units for chemicals usually used in water purification, such as chemical precipitants and chlorine. The chemicals are added by dispensing pumps, which simultaneously function with the pump that pumps water from the buffer container to the sand filter.
- The
biological purification units purification unit 7 is usually a pre-aeration unit, where part of the organic load and unpleasant odors are removed. This section is not necessary in thepurification unit 5. After the possible pre-aeration section, the purification units comprise in the flow direction one or more pre-clarification sections connected in parallel which function as an anaerobic reactor and separate solids. After this, in the flow direction there may be several aerobic reactors connected in parallel for removing organic load and nutrients. The aerobic reactors are provided with a carrier, to which the microbes used for purification attach, and aeration. After the aerobic reactors, there may still be a post-clarification section without lamellas for removing the solids and one or more post-clarification sections mainly for separating the biomass entering from the reactors from water. The last section is a buffer container, which functions as a pumping container. Thefiltration units 3 and 10 may also function as post-clarifiers. - The biological purification units contain a mixed microbial population suitable for water purification. Preferably, the mixed population contains at least the following bacteria: Bacillus sp. DT-1 (DSM 12560),Pseudomonas azelaica DT-2 (DSM 12561) and Rhizobium sp. DT-5 (DSM 12562). More preferably, the mixed population includes, in addition to the above-mentioned three bacteria, the following bacteria: Pseudomonas azelaica DT-6 (DSM 13516), Azospirillium sp. DT-10 (DSM 13517), Ancylobacter aquaticus DT-12 (DSM 13518) ja Xanthobacter sp. DT-13 (DSM 13519). These bacteria are isolated from nature and particularly suitable for purifying wastewaters of different types. They are neither pathogenic nor harmful to the environment. These bacteria are described in WO01/04060.
- Since the biological purification unit of pool water can efficiently reduce both the COD and the BOD, the need for chlorinating pool water decreases. Furthermore, the biological purification unit can efficiently remove nitrogen, such as urea and ammonia, which are converted into NO3 and finally into N2. During the actual chlorination of water, the fast conversion of urea into NH4 prevents the generation of chloramines, which produce odors and irritate eyes.
- The
filtration units - A water circulation system shown in the figure was filled with clean water. Biomass of Bacillus sp. DT-1 (DSM 12560),Pseudomonas azelaica DT-2 (DSM 12561), Rhizobium sp. DT-5 (DSM 12562), Pseudomonas azelaica DT-6 (DSM 13516), Azospirillium sp. DT-10 (DSM 13517), Ancylobacter aquaticus DT-12 (DSM 13518) and Xanthobacter sp. DT-13 (DSM 13519) was added to the pre-clarification sections and reactors. After this, aeration was started. On the following day, loading of the purification system was started first with a small flow (3.6 m3/day), which was gradually increased to 26 m3/day. The flow was kept constant at 26 m3/day while the chemical and microbiological properties of incoming and outgoing water were monitored. The water coming from the pool and the water going out from the filtration unit were analyzed on two successive days by conventional microbiological analyses before UV light treatment and chlorination. The results are shown below:
Thermally resistant Coliforms pcs/ml Ps. aeruginosa coliforms 37° C. pcs/100 ml pcs/ml 44° C. Incoming water *** 86 143 Outgoing water 5 0 0 Incoming water *** *** 27 Outgoing water *** 305 0 - It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are thus not limited to the examples described above but they may vary within the scope of the claims.
Claims (16)
1. A spa water circulation system, which comprises a first purification system, which is connected to a pool and comprises a first biological purification unit and a first filtration unit, and a second purification system, to which grey waters of the spa are connected and which comprises a second biological purification unit and a second filtration unit, which is connected to the pool.
2. A water circulation system according to claim 1 , wherein the second filtration unit is connected to the pool via the first purification system.
3. A water circulation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filtration units and are further connectable to the pool so as to allow, when necessary, water flow from the pool to the filtration unit against the current so that the filtration unit can be cleaned, in which case the filtration units are further connectable to the second biological purification unit for leading filter wash waters there.
4. A water circulation system according to claim 1 , which further comprises a balancing reservoir, which is connected between the pool and the first purification system, a buffer reservoir, which is connected between the first and the second purification system, and a buffer reservoir for clean water, which is connected between the second purification system and the balancing reservoir.
5. A water circulation system according to claim 4 , wherein the balancing reservoir is further connectable to the filtration units against the current.
6. A water circulation system according to claim 1 , wherein the biological purification units include the bacteria Bacillus sp. DT-1 (DSM 12560), Pseudomonas azelaica DT-2 (DSM 12561), Rhizobium sp. DT-5 (DSM 12562), Pseudomonas azelaica DT-6 (DSM 13516), Azospirillium sp. DT-10 (DSM 13517), Ancylobacter aquaticus DT-12 (DSM 13518) and Xanthobacter sp. DT-13 (DSM 13519).
7. A method of circulating spa water, wherein pool water is circulated through a first purification system, which comprises a first biological purification unit and a first filtration unit, and grey water is passed through a second purification system, which comprises a second biological purification unit and a second filtration unit, from which purified water is led to the pool.
8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein purified water is led from the second filtration unit to the pool via the first purification system.
9. A method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, when necessary, water is taken from the pool to the filtration units against the current for use as wash water, and the used wash water is then led to the second biological purification unit.
10. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the pool water is first taken to a balancing reservoir, from which it is led either directly or via the first biological purification unit through the filtration unit of the first purification system and then back to the pool via a UV unit.
11. A method according to claim 9 , wherein grey water and filter wash waters are taken to a buffer reservoir of unpurified water, from which the waters are taken to the biological purification unit of the second purification system.
12. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the water that has passed through the second purification system is led to a clean water buffer reservoir, from which it is led to the balancing reservoir and from there to the first purification system.
13. A method according to claim 12 , wherein part of the water of the fresh water buffer reservoir is passed to another circulation system.
14. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the biological purification is performed by a mixed bacterial population, which includes the bacteria Bacillus sp. DT-1 (DSM 12560), Pseudomonas azelaica DT-2 (DSM 12561), Rhizobium sp. DT-5 (DSM 12562), Pseudomonas azelaica DT-6 (DSM 13516), Azospirillium sp. DT-10 (DSM 13517), Ancylobacter aquaticus DT-12 (DSM 13518) and Xanthobacter sp. DT-13 (DSM 13519).
15. A spa water circulation system which comprises a first purification system, which is connected to a pool and comprises a first biological purification unit and a first filtration unit, and a second purification system, to which grey waters of the spa are connected and which comprises a second biological purification unit and a second filtration unit, which is connected to the pool via the first purification system, and
the pool water is further connectable to the filtration units against the current for cleaning the filtration unit, in which case the wash water coming from the filtration units is further connectable to the second biological purification water for leading the wash waters there.
16. A method of circulating spa water, the method comprising
circulating pool water through a first purification system, which comprises a first biological purification unit and a first filtration unit, and taking grey water through a second purification system, which comprises a second biological purification unit and a second filtration unit, from which purified water is led through the first purification system to the pool, and
taking, when necessary, water from the pool into the filtration units against the current for use as wash water, and leading the used wash water to the second biological purification unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20021173A FI113961B (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2002-06-17 | Spa water recirculation system |
FI20021173 | 2002-06-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040040908A1 true US20040040908A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
Family
ID=8564171
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/458,283 Abandoned US20040040908A1 (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-11 | Spa water circulation system |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040040908A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1378493A3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI113961B (en) |
Cited By (6)
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US9979182B2 (en) | 2014-02-24 | 2018-05-22 | Intex Marketing Ltd. | Wave-making mechanism |
US10280060B2 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2019-05-07 | The Coca-Cola Company | Dispenser for beverages having an ingredient mixing module |
US10508047B2 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2019-12-17 | Gecko Alliance Group Inc. | Ultraviolet light water treatment system for bathing units |
US10960282B2 (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2021-03-30 | Intex Marketing Ltd. | Pool with an annular lane |
US20210129002A1 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-06 | Intex Industries Xiamen Co. Ltd. | Attachment structure for a swimming machine |
US11583743B2 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2023-02-21 | Intex Marketing Ltd. | Adjustable hanging assembly for flow generating device |
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DE102004010188A1 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-09-15 | Technisches Zentrum Entwicklungs- & Handelsgesellschaft Mbh | Process for water treatment of movement and therapy pools for animals |
AT506299B1 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-08-15 | Minnova Mineralien Handelsgese | FILTER ARRANGEMENT |
EP2258663A1 (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2010-12-08 | Hbio Reto Xxi, S.l. | Grey water regeneration system |
US10180248B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2019-01-15 | ProPhotonix Limited | LED lamp with sensing capabilities |
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US5032292A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-07-16 | Conrad Richard H | Method for preventing biofilm in spas |
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DE19530794A1 (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 1997-02-27 | Damann Franz Josef | Process for treatment of waste water from thermal baths |
IL120583A (en) * | 1997-04-01 | 2000-07-16 | Berkman Eliezer | System for purification of domestic household effluent |
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2002
- 2002-06-17 FI FI20021173A patent/FI113961B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-06-10 EP EP03101668A patent/EP1378493A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-06-11 US US10/458,283 patent/US20040040908A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US4388192A (en) * | 1975-02-24 | 1983-06-14 | Cinderella Ab | Process and a device for purifying water |
US4028246A (en) * | 1975-11-20 | 1977-06-07 | Lund Norman S | Liquid purification system |
US5032292A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-07-16 | Conrad Richard H | Method for preventing biofilm in spas |
US5443729A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1995-08-22 | The University Of Queensland | Method for removing manganese from water |
US5932092A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1999-08-03 | Hawk; William D. | Filtering apparatus having positively buoyant and negatively buoyant particulate |
US20020014464A1 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2002-02-07 | Murphy Edward L. | Biological and algae control method and device |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10280060B2 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2019-05-07 | The Coca-Cola Company | Dispenser for beverages having an ingredient mixing module |
US9979182B2 (en) | 2014-02-24 | 2018-05-22 | Intex Marketing Ltd. | Wave-making mechanism |
US10193329B2 (en) | 2014-02-24 | 2019-01-29 | Intex Marketing Ltd. | Wave-making mechanism |
US10508047B2 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2019-12-17 | Gecko Alliance Group Inc. | Ultraviolet light water treatment system for bathing units |
US10960282B2 (en) | 2017-01-11 | 2021-03-30 | Intex Marketing Ltd. | Pool with an annular lane |
US11583743B2 (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2023-02-21 | Intex Marketing Ltd. | Adjustable hanging assembly for flow generating device |
US20210129002A1 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-06 | Intex Industries Xiamen Co. Ltd. | Attachment structure for a swimming machine |
US11890522B2 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2024-02-06 | Intex Marketing Ltd. | Attachment structure for a swimming machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI20021173A (en) | 2003-12-18 |
FI113961B (en) | 2004-07-15 |
EP1378493A3 (en) | 2005-02-09 |
EP1378493A2 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
FI20021173A0 (en) | 2002-06-17 |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OY CLEWER LTD., FINLAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ORAVA, PEKKA;UOTILA, JUSSI;ZAITSEV, GENNADI;REEL/FRAME:014020/0649;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030820 TO 20030822 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE |