US20040001759A1 - Impeller mounting system and method - Google Patents
Impeller mounting system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040001759A1 US20040001759A1 US10/180,332 US18033202A US2004001759A1 US 20040001759 A1 US20040001759 A1 US 20040001759A1 US 18033202 A US18033202 A US 18033202A US 2004001759 A1 US2004001759 A1 US 2004001759A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- impeller
- article
- central bore
- shaft
- collar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/266—Rotors specially for elastic fluids mounting compressor rotors on shafts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
Definitions
- This invention relates to a new and useful invention concerning a system and a method for mounting an article, such as an impeller and/or a gear mechanism, onto a drive shaft.
- this invention relates to a system and method for mounting one or more impellers on a drive shaft for use, for example, in a centrifugal compressor.
- the usual method for mounting articles on drive shafts is to employ keys and keyways. Keyways are machined into the drive shaft and into the central bore of the article, and keys are provided to connect the article to the drive shaft with a view to providing a secure fit sufficient to transmit torque.
- keys and keyways are used to mount an article such as an impeller on a drive shaft to transmit torque, positive torque is transmitted but the shaft is weakened because of high stress raised by the keyway.
- the mounted article is also weakened by the keyway in the bore. It is therefore desirable not to employ keys and keyways to transmit torque to mounted articles, particularly impellers.
- a system comprising tapered threads on an impeller shaft; a threaded collar having threads effective to engage the tapered threads on the impeller shaft; at least one impeller on the impeller shaft in contact with the threaded collar; a clamping collar adjacent to the impeller, on a side of the impeller opposite the threaded collar; and an arrangement applying a generally axial force against the clamping collar in a direction toward the threaded collar so that the threaded collar slides up on the tapered threads.
- the force applying arrangement comprises a clamping collar having an annular formation extending axially into contact with the impeller only in an area of the impeller spaced radially from its central bore, and a threaded arrangement with the impeller shaft for applying an axial force to the clamping collar. Because the axial force is applied only in an area spaced radially from the central bore of the impeller, the force deforms the impeller such that the central bore is slightly reduced at the side of the impeller opposite the force applying arrangement.
- the radial tolerances between the impeller shaft and that side of the impeller are reduced, thereby better centering the impeller on the shaft and decreasing any tendency of the impeller to vibrate, particularly at the high speeds of a centrifugal compressor, for example, 17,000 RPM.
- the deformation results in radial clamping of the impeller on the impeller shaft, thereby enabling torque to be transmitted to the impeller through the area of clamping.
- first and second opposing impellers are positioned adjacent to one another, each having a central bore.
- the first impeller is positioned adjacent the clamping collar and comprises an annular formation extending axially into contact with the second impeller in an area of the second impeller spaced radially from the central bore of the second impeller so that the first impeller contacts the second impeller only along the annular rim.
- the second impeller exhibits a deformation, vibration reduction and, in some cases, radial clamping and torque transmission, as was just described in connection with the first impeller.
- the threaded collar slides up and tightens on the tapered threads as the axial force is applied, whereby the threaded collar is held tightly on the impeller shaft, and torque is transmitted through the threaded connection from the impeller shaft to the threaded collar. Torque is transmitted from the threaded collar to the impeller through their mutually contacting surfaces. Where there are two impellers, torque is transmitted from the impeller adjacent the threaded collar to the other impeller through their mutually contacting surfaces.
- the shaft itself is smooth and round and has no stress raisers in it, and therefore the minimum possible shaft diameter can be used.
- the shaft diameter being small can allow a ball bearing supporting it to be slid over the shaft, and this permits the bearing supporting the impellers to be as close as possible to the impellers, which are unsupported on the side opposite to the ball bearing. This assures minimum vibration during high-speed operation, and assures that the natural frequency or critical speed is well above operating speed.
- the shaft between the bearing just mentioned and a bearing distal to the impellers can be much larger and therefore stiffer so that minimum vibration is assured by being able to have the shaft within the impellers be as small as possible and being able to slide the closer bearing over the shaft itself.
- This makes for a strong assembly that provides maximum strength against vibration, and also permits the impellers to utilize their full strength without having any stress raisers such as keyways in the bore of the impeller.
- This invention permits high strength, high speed, mounting of the impellers so that the optimum operating conditions can be achieved.
- the sole drawing figure is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a centrifugal compressor showing a pair of opposing impellers mounted on a drive shaft by the impeller mounting system and method according to the invention.
- drive shaft 1 shown as impeller shaft 1 , has a round cross-section and is generally smooth.
- Impellers 20 , 21 are shown mounted directly on impeller shaft 1 without any keys to transmit torque from the impeller shaft 1 to impellers 20 , 21 .
- Impellers 20 , 21 have respective hubs 22 , 23 and respective outer regions 28 , 29 .
- Hubs 22 , 23 have defined therein respective central bores 24 , 25 which are smooth and do not have keyways defined therein.
- the exterior of impeller shaft 1 is smooth and does not have keyways defined therein.
- impellers 20 , 21 have smooth central bores 24 , 25 that slide onto the smooth outer surface of impeller shaft 1 .
- Impeller shaft 1 has a threaded section 5 having tapered threads 6 for engaging a threaded collar 10 .
- Threaded collar 10 has a central bore 12 provided with threads 13 , shown as tapered threads 13 , and slides onto the impeller shaft 1 . Threaded collar 10 is screwed into position on the threaded section 5 of the impeller shaft 1 .
- Impellers 20 , 21 are inserted onto impeller shaft 1 .
- Impellers 20 , 21 are shown as being arranged in an opposing manner, but the respective arrangement of impellers may be varied to suit the application.
- Impellers 20 , 21 meet along an annular interface shown as annular rim 26 extending axially from the impeller 20 (first impeller 20 ) toward the impeller 21 (second impeller 21 ) with an annular gap 27 defined between impellers 20 , 21 radially inside the annular rim 26 .
- Impellers 20 , 21 are shown fastened to the impeller shaft 1 by a clamping collar 30 and fastening means 40 , shown as a cap screw arrangement 40 .
- Clamping collar 30 has a central bore 32 and an axially extending annular rim 36 .
- Annular rim 36 has a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the shaft 1 but, in the illustrated embodiment, smaller than the diameter of annular rim 26 .
- Cap screw 40 has a cap 42 and a threaded shaft 44 having defined therein threads 45 threadedly received in a threaded central bore 3 in an end 2 of the impeller shaft 1 .
- cap screw 40 pushes the annular rim 36 of the clamping collar 30 axially against impeller 20 , which in turn pushes against impeller 21 along interfacial annular rim 26 , and the two impellers 20 , 21 are thus forced against a side face 15 of threaded collar 10 .
- the impellers 20 , 21 are slightly sprung, i.e., deflected, radially inward in portions of the bores 24 , 25 distal to the clamping collar 30 .
- This deflection serves to more precisely center impellers 20 , 21 with respect to the axis of the impeller shaft 1 and to cause hubs 22 , 23 to be tightly held against the annular outer surface 15 (side face 15 ) of threaded collar 10 .
- the deflection tightens the surfaces in portions of the respective bores 24 , 25 against the outer surface of impeller shaft 1 , resulting in increased friction between the respective bores 24 , 25 and the impeller shaft.
- the cap screw/clamping collar/impeller frictional force arrangement creates a spring effect so that, even though the impellers 20 , 21 may change in temperature with respect to the impeller shaft 1 and try to expand, there is enough spring action and allowable deflection in the impellers 20 , 21 and in the clamping collar 30 that the assembly will remain tight under all operating conditions.
- the threaded collar 10 does not prevent the clamping collar 30 from deflecting the respective bores 24 , 25 of the impellers 20 , 21 toward the impeller shaft 1 because the forces causing the deflection also move the threaded collar 10 axially along the tapered threads 13 .
- the drive shaft is part of a centrifugal compressor driven by a motor coupled to an input shaft
- the input shaft is typically connected to a gear system that causes the drive shaft, e.g., an impeller shaft, to run at higher speeds than the input shaft.
- the input shaft is connected to a motor running at 3500 RPM, and the impeller shaft rotates at speeds of approximately 17,000 RPM.
- Such a compressor might absorb as much as 1,200 HP at the input shaft. Therefore, the connection of the impeller shaft to the impellers must be quite strong to transmit this amount of power.
- the mounting system and method of this invention satisfies even such rigorous requirements.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to a new and useful invention concerning a system and a method for mounting an article, such as an impeller and/or a gear mechanism, onto a drive shaft. In particular, this invention relates to a system and method for mounting one or more impellers on a drive shaft for use, for example, in a centrifugal compressor.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- The usual method for mounting articles on drive shafts is to employ keys and keyways. Keyways are machined into the drive shaft and into the central bore of the article, and keys are provided to connect the article to the drive shaft with a view to providing a secure fit sufficient to transmit torque. When conventional keys and keyways are used to mount an article such as an impeller on a drive shaft to transmit torque, positive torque is transmitted but the shaft is weakened because of high stress raised by the keyway. The mounted article is also weakened by the keyway in the bore. It is therefore desirable not to employ keys and keyways to transmit torque to mounted articles, particularly impellers.
- Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system for mounting an article on a drive shaft without employing keys and keyways.
- It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method of mounting an article on a drive shaft without employing keys and keyways.
- These and other objects are accomplished by the present invention in a system comprising tapered threads on an impeller shaft; a threaded collar having threads effective to engage the tapered threads on the impeller shaft; at least one impeller on the impeller shaft in contact with the threaded collar; a clamping collar adjacent to the impeller, on a side of the impeller opposite the threaded collar; and an arrangement applying a generally axial force against the clamping collar in a direction toward the threaded collar so that the threaded collar slides up on the tapered threads. In a preferred embodiment, the force applying arrangement comprises a clamping collar having an annular formation extending axially into contact with the impeller only in an area of the impeller spaced radially from its central bore, and a threaded arrangement with the impeller shaft for applying an axial force to the clamping collar. Because the axial force is applied only in an area spaced radially from the central bore of the impeller, the force deforms the impeller such that the central bore is slightly reduced at the side of the impeller opposite the force applying arrangement. As a result, the radial tolerances between the impeller shaft and that side of the impeller are reduced, thereby better centering the impeller on the shaft and decreasing any tendency of the impeller to vibrate, particularly at the high speeds of a centrifugal compressor, for example, 17,000 RPM. In some cases, the deformation results in radial clamping of the impeller on the impeller shaft, thereby enabling torque to be transmitted to the impeller through the area of clamping.
- In one embodiment, first and second opposing impellers are positioned adjacent to one another, each having a central bore. The first impeller is positioned adjacent the clamping collar and comprises an annular formation extending axially into contact with the second impeller in an area of the second impeller spaced radially from the central bore of the second impeller so that the first impeller contacts the second impeller only along the annular rim. As a result, the second impeller exhibits a deformation, vibration reduction and, in some cases, radial clamping and torque transmission, as was just described in connection with the first impeller.
- The threaded collar slides up and tightens on the tapered threads as the axial force is applied, whereby the threaded collar is held tightly on the impeller shaft, and torque is transmitted through the threaded connection from the impeller shaft to the threaded collar. Torque is transmitted from the threaded collar to the impeller through their mutually contacting surfaces. Where there are two impellers, torque is transmitted from the impeller adjacent the threaded collar to the other impeller through their mutually contacting surfaces.
- The slight deflection of the clamping collar due to its shape, and the slight deflection of the impellers by having the contact areas spaced radially outward creates a spring effect so that even though the impellers may change in temperature with respect to the shaft, and try to expand, there is enough spring action and allowable deflection in the impellers and the collar that the assembly will remain tight under all operating conditions.
- Other advantages are that:
- 1. The impellers are easy to machine and have no stress raisers with keys in the shaft. Therefore, this gives them additional strength.
- 2. The shaft itself is smooth and round and has no stress raisers in it, and therefore the minimum possible shaft diameter can be used.
- 3. The shaft diameter being small can allow a ball bearing supporting it to be slid over the shaft, and this permits the bearing supporting the impellers to be as close as possible to the impellers, which are unsupported on the side opposite to the ball bearing. This assures minimum vibration during high-speed operation, and assures that the natural frequency or critical speed is well above operating speed.
- 4. The shaft between the bearing just mentioned and a bearing distal to the impellers can be much larger and therefore stiffer so that minimum vibration is assured by being able to have the shaft within the impellers be as small as possible and being able to slide the closer bearing over the shaft itself. This makes for a strong assembly that provides maximum strength against vibration, and also permits the impellers to utilize their full strength without having any stress raisers such as keyways in the bore of the impeller. This invention permits high strength, high speed, mounting of the impellers so that the optimum operating conditions can be achieved.
- The sole drawing figure is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a centrifugal compressor showing a pair of opposing impellers mounted on a drive shaft by the impeller mounting system and method according to the invention.
- Referring to the drawing, drive shaft1, shown as impeller shaft 1, has a round cross-section and is generally smooth.
Impellers impellers Impellers respective hubs outer regions Hubs central bores impellers central bores - Impeller shaft1 has a threaded
section 5 having taperedthreads 6 for engaging a threadedcollar 10. Threadedcollar 10 has acentral bore 12 provided withthreads 13, shown astapered threads 13, and slides onto the impeller shaft 1. Threadedcollar 10 is screwed into position on the threadedsection 5 of the impeller shaft 1. - After installation of threaded
collar 10,impellers Impellers Impellers annular rim 26 extending axially from the impeller 20 (first impeller 20) toward the impeller 21 (second impeller 21) with anannular gap 27 defined betweenimpellers annular rim 26. -
Impellers cap screw arrangement 40. Clamping collar 30 has a central bore 32 and an axially extendingannular rim 36.Annular rim 36 has a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the shaft 1 but, in the illustrated embodiment, smaller than the diameter ofannular rim 26. Capscrew 40 has acap 42 and a threadedshaft 44 having defined thereinthreads 45 threadedly received in a threaded central bore 3 in anend 2 of the impeller shaft 1. - When tightened,
cap screw 40 pushes theannular rim 36 of the clamping collar 30 axially againstimpeller 20, which in turn pushes againstimpeller 21 along interfacialannular rim 26, and the twoimpellers side face 15 of threadedcollar 10. By applying the force of thecap screw 40 through theannular rim 36 to thehub 22 ofimpeller 20 andannular rim 26 ofimpeller 20 to thehub 23 ofimpeller 21 only along annular areas spaced radially outward from thebores arrows annular rims impellers bores center impellers hubs collar 10. In some cases, the deflection tightens the surfaces in portions of therespective bores respective bores - This increased friction, when present, is in addition to a substantial radial force on the impeller shaft1 created by the interaction of the
threads 13 of threadedcollar 10 on thethreads 6 of the impeller shaft 1. Thethreads 6 of threadedsection 5 and thethreads 13 are both shown as taperedthreads shaft 44 ofcap screw 40 is tightened onto the threaded central bore 3 ofend 2 of the impeller shaft 1 and pushes clamping collar 30 againstimpellers impellers collar 10, threadedcollar 10 slides up slightly on itstapered threads 13, and the taperedcollar 10 becomes tight on the impeller shaft 1. Then, the force of the clamping collar 30 holds theimpellers collar 10 alonginterfacial surface 26′ and against one another. The tightened engagement of taperedthreads 13 of threadedcollar 10 on taperedthreads 6 of the impeller shaft 1 creates a substantial amount of radial force on impeller shaft 1 so that the torque can be transmitted by friction through threadedcollar 10 to theimpellers - The cap screw/clamping collar/impeller frictional force arrangement creates a spring effect so that, even though the
impellers impellers - The deflection of the impeller hub(s) to reduce the diameter of the bore so that the material surrounding the bore contacts the shaft and thereby produces a friction force to assist in torque transmission can happen when the tolerance between the shaft diameter and the bore diameter of the impeller is small. Even where this friction force is absent, deflecting the hub(s) by putting the clamping force at a relatively large diameter decreases the clearance between the bore of the hub and the shaft. This means that the impellers are centered more accurately than they would be if they were not deflected slightly. The threaded
collar 10 does not prevent the clamping collar 30 from deflecting the respective bores 24,25 of theimpellers collar 10 axially along the taperedthreads 13. - When the drive shaft is part of a centrifugal compressor driven by a motor coupled to an input shaft, the input shaft is typically connected to a gear system that causes the drive shaft, e.g., an impeller shaft, to run at higher speeds than the input shaft. Typically, the input shaft is connected to a motor running at 3500 RPM, and the impeller shaft rotates at speeds of approximately 17,000 RPM. Such a compressor might absorb as much as 1,200 HP at the input shaft. Therefore, the connection of the impeller shaft to the impellers must be quite strong to transmit this amount of power. The mounting system and method of this invention satisfies even such rigorous requirements.
- It is understood that various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the description set forth above but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all of the features of patentable novelty which reside in the present invention, including all features which would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
Claims (28)
Priority Applications (1)
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US10/180,332 US6663343B1 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2002-06-27 | Impeller mounting system and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US10/180,332 US6663343B1 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2002-06-27 | Impeller mounting system and method |
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US6663343B1 US6663343B1 (en) | 2003-12-16 |
US20040001759A1 true US20040001759A1 (en) | 2004-01-01 |
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US10/180,332 Expired - Lifetime US6663343B1 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2002-06-27 | Impeller mounting system and method |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102562641A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-07-11 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | Fan rotor ring for an air cycle machine |
CN102828984A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-12-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | Axial force control method of back-to-back type two-stage centrifugal compressor |
WO2023183738A1 (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-09-28 | Horton, Inc. | Tapered adapter for rotatable assembly and associated method |
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US6290467B1 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-09-18 | American Standard International Inc. | Centrifugal impeller assembly |
US7452188B2 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2008-11-18 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Pre-stretched tie-bolt for use in a gas turbine engine and method |
CN101205933B (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2011-04-20 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Airflow commutating device and serial fan |
US8096210B2 (en) * | 2009-04-19 | 2012-01-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Bolt holder tool |
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US9086057B2 (en) | 2010-01-21 | 2015-07-21 | The Abell Foundation, Inc. | Ocean thermal energy conversion cold water pipe |
US8899043B2 (en) | 2010-01-21 | 2014-12-02 | The Abell Foundation, Inc. | Ocean thermal energy conversion plant |
CA2806010C (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2017-08-08 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises Llc | Improved impeller attachment method |
US9151279B2 (en) | 2011-08-15 | 2015-10-06 | The Abell Foundation, Inc. | Ocean thermal energy conversion power plant cold water pipe connection |
CN104937363B (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2017-10-20 | 阿贝尔基金会 | Heat exchanger including manifold |
CN103846613B (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2016-06-15 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | The tapered tread method of attachment of booster turbine impeller and rotating shaft and attachment structure |
US10344596B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 | 2019-07-09 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Gas turbine engine tie bolt arrangement |
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US5022823A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1991-06-11 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Rotor attachment assembly |
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US1873956A (en) | 1930-05-05 | 1932-08-30 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Rotor structure |
US2438866A (en) | 1945-06-01 | 1948-03-30 | United Aircraft Corp | Impeller mounting |
KR830002159A (en) | 1979-03-21 | 1983-05-23 | 에이. 더블유. 프리쉬 | Impeller and Shaft Assembly for High Speed Gas Compressor |
US4628574A (en) | 1983-09-22 | 1986-12-16 | De Dietrich (Usa), Inc. | Method for constructing an impeller assembly and shaft having interference fit |
DE3816796A1 (en) | 1988-05-17 | 1989-11-30 | Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh | MECHANICAL CLUTCH |
FR2738303B1 (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1997-11-28 | Europ Propulsion | TURBINE OF THERMOSTRUCTURAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR WITH A SMALL DIAMETER, AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE19611512A1 (en) | 1996-03-23 | 1997-09-25 | Pierburg Ag | Electrically powered air pump |
US5882178A (en) | 1997-03-24 | 1999-03-16 | Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. | Impeller and shaft coupling |
EP0903465B1 (en) | 1997-09-19 | 2003-09-03 | ABB Turbo Systems AG | Compressor wheel-shaft connection for high speed turbomachinery |
-
2002
- 2002-06-27 US US10/180,332 patent/US6663343B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5022823A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1991-06-11 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Rotor attachment assembly |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102562641A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-07-11 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | Fan rotor ring for an air cycle machine |
CN102828984A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-12-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | Axial force control method of back-to-back type two-stage centrifugal compressor |
WO2023183738A1 (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-09-28 | Horton, Inc. | Tapered adapter for rotatable assembly and associated method |
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