US20030215919A1 - Phosphodiesterase 8A - Google Patents

Phosphodiesterase 8A Download PDF

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US20030215919A1
US20030215919A1 US10/440,998 US44099803A US2003215919A1 US 20030215919 A1 US20030215919 A1 US 20030215919A1 US 44099803 A US44099803 A US 44099803A US 2003215919 A1 US2003215919 A1 US 2003215919A1
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a family of phosphodiesterases designated PDE8A and uses thereof
  • Phosphodiesterases hydrolyze 3′, 5′ cyclic nucleotides to their respective nucleoside 5′ monophosphates.
  • the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are synthesized by adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, respectively, and serve as second messengers in a number of cellular signaling pathways.
  • the duration and strength of the second messenger signal is a function of the rate of synthesis and the rate of hydrolysis of the cyclic nucleotide.
  • PDE1-7 seven families (PDE1-7) which are classified by: (i) primary structure; (ii) substrate preference; (iii) response to different modulators; (iv) sensitivity to specific inhibitors; and (v) modes of regulation [Loughney and Ferguson, in Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Schudt, et al. (Eds.), Academic Press: New York, N.Y. (1996) pp. 1-19].
  • the number indicating the family is followed by a capital letter, indicating a distinct gene, and the capital letter followed by a second number, indicating a specific splice variant or a specific transcript which utilizes a unique transcription initiation site.
  • the amino acid sequences of all mammalian PDEs identified to date include a highly conserved region of approximately 270 amino acids located in the carboxy terminal half of the protein [Charbonneau, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. ( USA ) 83:9308-9312 (1986)].
  • the conserved domain includes the catalytic site for cAMP and/or cGMP hydrolysis and two putative zinc binding sites as well as family specific determinants [Beavo, Physiol. Rev. 75:725-748 (1995); Francis, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269:22477-22480 (1994)].
  • the amino terminal regions of the various PDEs are highly variable and include other family specific determinants such as: (i) calmodulin binding sites (PDE1); (ii) non-catalytic cyclic GMP binding sites (PDE2, PDE5, PDE6); (iii) membrane targeting sites (PDE4); (iv) hydrophobic membrane association sites (PDE3); and (v) phosphorylation sites for either the calmodulin-dependent kinase II (PDE1), the cAMP-dependent kinase (PDE1, PDE3, PDE4), or the cGMP dependent kinase (PDE5) [Beavo, Physiol. Rev. 75:725-748 (1995); Manganiello, et al., Arch. Biochem. Acta 322:1-13 (1995); Conti, et al., Physiol. Rev. 75:723-748 (1995)].
  • PDE1 calmodulin binding sites
  • PDE2 non-catalytic cyclic
  • PDE1A and PDE1B preferentially hydrolyze cGMP while PDE1C has been shown to exhibit a high affinity for both cAMP and cGMP.
  • the PDE2 family is characterized as being specifically stimulated by cGMP [Loughney and Ferguson, supra]. Only one gene has been identified, PDE2A, the enzyne product of which is specifically inhibited by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA). Enzymes in the PDE3 family are specifically inhibited by cGMP.
  • PDE3A and PDE3B Two genes are known, PDE3A and PDE3B, both having high affinity for both cAMP and cGMP, although the V max for cGMP hydrolysis is low enough that cGMP functions as a competitive inhibitor for cAMP hydrolysis.
  • PDE3 enzymes are specifically inhibited by milrinone and enoximone [Loughney and Ferguson, supra].
  • the PDE4 family effects cAMP hydrolysis and includes four genes, PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C, and PDE4D, each having multiple splice variants. Members of this family are specifically inhibited by the anti-depressant drug rolipram.
  • PDE5 family bind cGMP at non-catalytic sites and preferentially hydrolyze cGMP. Only one gene, PDE5A, has been identified.
  • the photoreceptor PDE6 enzymes specifically hydrolyze cGMP [Loughney and Ferguson, supra].
  • Genes include PDE6A and PDE6B (the protein products of which dimerize and bind two copies of a smaller ⁇ inhibitory subunit to form rod PDE), in addition to PDE6C which associates with three smaller proteins to form cone PDE.
  • PDE7 family effects cAMP hydrolysis but, in contrast to the PDE4 family, is not inhibited by rolipram [Loughney and Ferguson, supra]. Only one gene, PDE7A, has been identified.
  • the present invention provides polypeptides and underlying polynucleotides for a novel PDE family designated PDE8.
  • the invention includes both naturally occurring and non-naturally occurring PDE8 polynucleotides and polypeptide products thereof
  • Naturally occurring PDE8 products include distinct gene and polypeptide species within the PDE8 family (i.e., PDE8A); these species include those which are expressed within cells of the same animal and well as corresponding species homologs expressed in cells of other animals.
  • the invention further provides splice variants encoded by the same polynucleotide but which arise from distinct mRNA transcripts (i.e., PDE8A1 and PDE8A2).
  • Non-naturally occurring PDE8 products include variants of the naturally occurring products such as analogs (i.e., wherein one or more amino acids are added, substituted, or deleted) and those PDE8 products which include covalent modifications (i.e., fusion proteins, glycosylation variants, Met ⁇ 1 PDE8s, Met ⁇ 2 -Lys ⁇ 1 -PDE8s, Gly ⁇ 1 PDE8s and the like).
  • the PDE8 family is distinguished from previously known PDE families in exhibiting high affinity for hydrolysis of both cAMP and cGMP but relatively low sensitivity to enzyme inhibitors specific for other PDE families.
  • the invention provides a polynucleotide comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the invention also embraces polynucleotides encoding the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • a presently preferred polypeptide of the invention comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • the invention provides two splice variant cDNAs which give rise to two polypeptides designated PDE8A1 and PDE8A2.
  • PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 polypeptides, and the polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, are discussed herein as representative of the PDE8 enzyme family embraced by the invention.
  • the present invention provides novel purified and isolated polynucleotides (e.g., DNA sequences and RNA transcripts, both sense and complementary antisense strands, including splice variants thereof) encoding the human PDE8s.
  • DNA sequences of the invention include genomic and cDNA sequences as well as wholly or partially chemically synthesized DNA sequences. “Synthesized,” as used herein and is understood in the art, refers to purely chemical, as opposed to enzymatic, methods for producing polynucleotides. “Wholly” synthesized DNA sequences are therefore produced entirely by chemical means, and “partially” synthesized DNAs embrace those wherein only portions of the resulting DNA were produced by chemical means.
  • a preferred DNA sequence encoding a human PDE8 polypeptide is set out in SEQ ID NO: 1. Also preferred are polynucleotides encoding the PBE8 polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 and the PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 splice variant polypeptides set out in SEQ ID NOs: 6 and 4, respectively. Preferred polynucleotides encoding PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 are set out in SEQ ID NOs: 5 and 3, respectively.
  • the invention further embraces species, preferably mammalian, homologs of the human PDE8 DNA.
  • the invention also embraces DNA sequences encoding PDE8 species which hybridize under moderately stringent conditions to the non-coding strands, or complements, of the polynucleotides in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3 and 5.
  • DNA sequences encoding PDE8A polypeptides which would hybridize thereto but for the redundancy of the genetic code are contemplated by the invention.
  • Exemplary moderate hybridization conditions are as follows: hybridization at 65° C. in 3X SSC, 0.1% sarkosyl, and 20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8, and washing at 65° C. in 2X SSC with 0.1% SDS.
  • host cells including procaryotic and eukaryotic cells, either stably or transiently transformed with DNA sequences of the invention in a manner which permits expression of PDE8 polypeptides of the invention.
  • Host cells of the invention are a valuable source of immunogen for development of antibodies specifically immunoreactive with PDE8.
  • Host cells of the invention are also conspicuously useful in methods for large scale production of PDE8 polypeptides wherein the cells are grown in a suitable culture medium and the desired polypeptide products are isolated from the cells or from the medium in which the cells are grown by, for example, immunoaffinity purification.
  • PDE8 DNA sequences allows for modification of cells to permit, or increase, expression of endogenous PDE8.
  • Cells can be modified (e.g., by homologous recombination) to provide increased PDE8 expression by replacing, in whole or in part, the naturally occurring PDE8 promoter with all or part of a heterologous promoter so that the cells express PDE8 at higher levels.
  • the heterologous promoter is inserted in such a manner that it is operatively-linked to PDE8 encoding sequences. See, for example, PCT International Publication No. WO 94/12650, PCT International Publication No. WO 92/20808, and PCT International Publication No. 91/09955.
  • amplifiable marker DNA e.g., ada, dhfr, and the multifunctional CAD gene which encodes carbamyl phosphate synthase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase
  • intron DNA may be inserted along with the heterologous promoter DNA. If linked to the PDE8 coding sequence, amplification of the marker DNA by standard selection methods results in co-amplification of the PDE8 coding sequences in the cells.
  • the DNA sequence information provided by the present invention also makes possible the development through, e.g. homologous recombination or “knock-out” strategies [Capecchi, Science 244:1288-1292 (1989)], of animals that fail to express functional PDE8 or that express a variant of PDE8. Such animals are useful as models for studying the in vivo activities of PDE8 and modulators of PDE8.
  • the invention also provides purified and isolated mammalian PDE8 polypeptides.
  • Presently preferred PDE8A polypeptides are set out in SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 6.
  • Most preferred is a PDE8 polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • PDE8 polypeptides of the invention may be isolated from natural cell sources or may be chemically synthesized, but are preferably produced by recombinant procedures involving host cells of the invention.
  • Use of mammalian host cells is expected to provide for such post-translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation, truncation, lipidation, and phosphorylation) as may be needed to confer optimal biological activity on recombinant expression products of the invention.
  • PDE8 products of the invention may be full length polypeptides, biologically active fragments, or variants thereof which retain specific PDE8 biological activity.
  • Variants may comprise PDE8 polypeptide analogs wherein one or more of the specified (i.e., naturally encoded) amino acids is deleted or replaced or wherein one or more non-specified amino acids are added: (1) without loss of one or more of the biological activities or immunological characteristics specific for PDE8; or (2) with specific disablement of a particular biological activity of PDE8.
  • Variant products of the invention include mature PDE8A products, i.e., PDE8 products wherein leader or signal sequences are removed, having additional amino terminal residues.
  • PDE8 products having an additional methionine residue at position ⁇ 1 are contemplated, as are PDE8 products having additional methionine and lysine residues at positions ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 1 (Met ⁇ 2 -Lys ⁇ 1 -PDE8).
  • Variants of these types are particularly useful for recombinant protein production in bacterial cell types.
  • the invention also embraces PDE8 variants having additional amino acid residues which result from use of specific expression systems.
  • a desired polypeptide such as a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion product
  • GST glutathione-S-transferase
  • Variants which result from expression in other vector systems are also contemplated.
  • the invention further embraces PDE8 products modified to include one or more water soluble polymer attachments.
  • PDE8 products covalently modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) subunits.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • Water soluble polymers may be bonded at specific positions, for example at the amino terminus of the PDE8 products, or randomly attached to one or more side chains of the polypeptide.
  • antibodies e.g., monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, single chain antibodies, chimeric antibodies, CDR-grafted antibodies and the like
  • binding proteins can be developed using isolated or recombinant PDE8 products, PDE8 variants, or cells expressing such products. Binding proteins are useful for purifying PDE8 products and detection or quantification of PDE8 products in fluid and tissue samples using known immunological procedures. Binding proteins are also manifestly useful in modulating (i.e., blocking, inhibiting or stimulating) biological activities of PDE8, especially those activities involved in signal transduction. Anti-idiotypic antibodies specific for anti-PDE8 antibodies are also contemplated.
  • DNA/DNA hybridization procedures carried out with DNA sequences of the invention under moderately to highly stringent conditions are likewise expected to allow the isolation of DNAs encoding allelic variants of PDE8A; allelic variants are known in the art to include structurally related proteins sharing one or more of the biochemical and/or immunological properties specific to PDE8A.
  • allelic variants are known in the art to include structurally related proteins sharing one or more of the biochemical and/or immunological properties specific to PDE8A.
  • non-human species genes encoding proteins homologous to PDE8A can also be identified by Southern and/or PCR analysis.
  • complementation studies can be useful for identifying other human PDE8 products as well as non-human proteins, and DNAs encoding the proteins, sharing one or more biological properties of PDE8A.
  • Polynucleotides of the invention are also useful in hybridization assays to detect the capacity of cells to express PDE8. Polynucleotides of the invention may also be the basis for diagnostic methods useful for identifying a genetic alteration(s) in a PDE8 locus that underlies a disease state or states.
  • anti-sense polynucleotides which recognize and hybridize to polynucleotides encoding PDE8. Full length and fragment anti-sense polynucleotides are provided. Anti-sense polynucleotides are particularly relevant to regulating expression of PDE8 by those cells expressing PDE8 mRNA.
  • DNA and amino acid sequence information provided by the present invention also makes possible the systematic analysis of the structure and function of PDE8s.
  • DNA and amino acid sequence information for PDE8 also permits identification of molecules with which PDE8A will interact.
  • Agents that modulate (i.e., increase, decrease, or block) PDE8 activity may be identified by incubating a putative modulator with PDE8 and determining the effect of the putative modulator on PDE8 phosphodiesterase activity.
  • the selectivity of a compound that modulates the activity of the PDE8 can be evaluated by comparing its activity on the PDE8 to its activity on other PDE enzymes.
  • Cell based methods such as di-hybrid assays and split hybrid assays, as well as in vitro methods, including assays wherein a polypeptide or its binding partner are immobilized, and solution assays are contemplated by the invention.
  • Selective modulators may include, for example, antibodies and other proteins or peptides which specifically bind to the PDE8 or PDE8 nucleic acid, oligonucleotides which specifically bind to the PDE8 or PDE8 nucleic acid, and other non-peptide compounds (e.g., isolated or synthetic organic molecules) which specifically react with PDE8 or PDE8-encoding nucleic acid. Mutant forms of PDE8 which affect the enzymatic activity or cellular localization of the wild-type PDE8 are also contemplated by the invention.
  • Presently preferred targets for the development of selective modulators include, for example: (1) regions of the PDE8 which contact other proteins and/or localize the PDE8 within a cell, (2) regions of the PDE8 which bind substrate, (3) allosteric cyclic nucleotide-binding site(s) of PDE8, (4) phosphorylation site(s) of PDE8 and (5) regions of the PDE8 which are involved in multimerization of PDE8 subunits.
  • Modulators of PDE8 activity may be therapeutically useful in treatment of a wide range of diseases and physiological conditions in which PDE activity is known to be involved.
  • the invention further contemplates small molecule modulators of PDE8A enzyme activity.
  • libraries used for the identification of small molecule modulators. These include: (1) chemical libraries, (2) natural product libraries, and (3) combinatorial libraries comprised of random peptides, oligonucleotides or organic molecules.
  • Chemical libraries consist of structural analogs of known compounds or compounds that are identified as “hits” or “leads” via natural product screening.
  • Natural product libraries are collections of microorganisms, animals, plants, or marine organisms which are used to create mixtures for screening by: (1) fermentation and extraction of broths from soil, plant or marine microorganisms or (2) extraction of plants or marine organisms.
  • Combinatorial libraries are composed of large numbers of peptides, oligonucleotides or organic compounds as a mixture. They are relatively easy to prepare by traditional automated synthesis methods, PCR, cloning or proprietary synthetic methods. Of particular interest are peptide and oligonucleotide combinatorial libraries.
  • Still other libraries of interest include peptide, protein, peptidomimetic, multiparallel synthetic collection, recombinatorial, and polypeptide libraries.
  • combinatorial chemistry and libraries created therefrom see Myers, Curr. Opion. Biotechnol. 8:701-707 (1997).
  • the invention further provides methods to identify a specific binding partner compound of a PDE8A polypeptide of the invention comprising the steps of: a) contacting the PDE8A polypeptide with a compound under conditions which permit binding between the compound and the PDE8A polypeptide; b) detecting binding of the compound to the PDE8A polypeptide; and c) identifying the compound as a specific binding partner of the PDE8A polypeptide.
  • Binding partner identified in the methods of the invention preferably modulate PDE8A enzyme activity, either through inhibition or activation, or enhancement, of the enzyme.
  • the invention also provides methods to identify a specific binding partner compound of a PDE8A polynucleotide of the invention comprising the steps of: a) contacting the PDE8A polynucleotide with a compound under conditions which permit binding between the compound and the PDE8A polynucleotide; b) detecting binding of the compound to the PDE8A polynucleotide; and c) identifying the compound as a specific binding partner of the PDE8A polynucleotide.
  • the binding partner of the PDE8A polynucleotide preferably modulates expression of the PDE8A polypeptide encoded by the PDE8A polynucleotide, either through inhibiting expression or enhancing expression.
  • the invention also provides compounds identified by a method of the invention, as well as compositions comprising a compound identified and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Example 1 describes methods for searching expressed sequence tag (EST) databases in order to identify probes potentially useful for isolating DNAs of the invention.
  • Example 2 relates to identification of PDE8A-encoding polynucleotides.
  • Example 3 addresses sequence analysis of the isolated polynucleotides.
  • Example 4 describes analysis of polypeptides encoded by the PDE8A polynucleotides.
  • Example 5 addresses expression of recombinant PDE8A polypeptides.
  • Example 6 relates to Northern analysis of PDE8A expression.
  • Example 7 describes chromosome mapping of the gene encoding PDE8A.
  • Example 8 describes confirmation that PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 are splice variants.
  • Example 9 addresses expression and characterization of recombinant PDE8A.
  • Example 10 details production of anti-PDE8A monoclonal antibodies.
  • Example 11 describes an analysis of PDE8A expression by in situ hybridization.
  • EST National Center for Biotechnology Information
  • NBI National Center for Biotechnology Information
  • EST Expressed Sequence Tags
  • This database contains DNA sequences representing one or both ends of cDNAs collected from a variety of tissue sources. A single sequencing run is performed on one or both ends of the cDNA and the quality of the DNA sequence varies tremendously.
  • the EST sequence database contained more than 600,000 cDNA sequences from a variety of organisms.
  • the search for novel PDE sequences included three steps. First the BLASTN program available through NCBI was used to identify DNA sequences in the EST sequence database with homology to cDNA sequences encoding known human PDEs. The program compares a nucleotide query sequence against a nucleotide sequence database. The cDNA sequences of the fifteen known human PDEs were submitted and fifteen BLASTN searches were performed; the query PDE sequences included PDE1A3 [Loughney, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271:796-806 (1996)], PDE1B1 [Yu, et al., Cell Signaling, in press (1997)], PDE1C2 [Loughney, et al., J. Biol.
  • NCBI TBLASTN program was used to examine the homology between the protein sequence of the fifteen known human PDEs (as above) and the six different possible proteins encoded by each of the EST DNA sequences.
  • the EST sequences are translated in six frames and the amino acid sequences generated are compared to the query PDE amino acid sequences. Sequences identified as homologous at the amino acid level were examined and any EST sequences positively identified as corresponding to a known PDE during the BLASTN search described above were discarded.
  • the third step of the search involved analyzing the sequences that were not known PDEs. These amino acid sequences were homologous to a known PDE but were not identified as one of the 15 known PDE genes during the BLASTN searches.
  • the BLAST searches identified an EST sequence (designated WO4835) from a human fetal lung cDNA library as encoding an amino acid sequence having homology to the catalytic region of PDE2A, PDE3A, PDE3B, PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C, PDE5A, rod alpha PDE6A, rod beta PDE6B, cone alpha PDE6C, and PDE7A.
  • the database sequence for WO4835 is set out in SEQ ID NO: 7. Results from the database analysis as discussed below are exemplified using the PDE4D sequence.
  • WO4835 cDNA was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Md.) which maintains and makes publicly available deposits of ESTs identified and sequenced by I.M.A.G.E., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Calif.). The WO4835 DNA was sequenced upon receipt to confirm its identity and determined to be consistent with SEQ ID NO: 7.
  • the second region showed ⁇ fraction (9/20) ⁇ exact matches or 45% identity and included the YHNxxHA motif found in most of the query sequences.
  • BLASTN analysis of the WO4835 sequence revealed that it was unique in that it was not identical to any other human DNA sequences in the Genbank database.
  • the EST database entry for WO4835 identified the sequence as being similar to PIR:A48719, the bovine cGMP binding, cGMP hydrolyzing PDE5A1 sequence.
  • Comparison of the protein sequence of WO4835 frame ⁇ 1 to the bovine PDE5A1 sequence revealed ⁇ fraction (58/153) ⁇ matches for an overall identify of 38%. Within this region were small regions of greater homology; one region showed a ⁇ fraction (12/14) ⁇ identical amino acids.
  • WO4835 cDNA insert was digested from the pT7T3D vector into two fragments with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and HindIII and the two fragments were purified using two sequential low melting agarose gels. Both fragments were used as probes to screen cDNA libraries derived from human heart (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.), and human fetal brain (Stratagene) using procedures routinely practiced in the art. Approximately 5 ⁇ 10 5 phage from each library were screened.
  • Hybridization was carried out overnight in buffer containing 3X SSC, 0.1% Sarkosyl, 20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8, 10X Denhardt's solution, and 50 ⁇ g/ml salmon sperm DNA at 65° C.
  • the filters were washed at 65° C. in buffer containing 2X SSC and 0.1% SDS prior to autoradiography.
  • the DNA sequence of FB66a was determined for both strands using DNA oligonucleotide primers set out below in SEQ ID NOs: 9 to 31 and a Perkin Elmer Applied Biosystems Division 373A DNA Sequencer according to the maunfacturer's suggested protocol.
  • the amount of PCR product used as template was calculated based on the size of the PCR product and was sequenced using ABI PRISM Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit with ApliTaq DNA Polymerase, FS (Perkin Elmer, Foster City, Calif.) and asymmetric PCR.
  • the reaction product was purified on a AGCT spin column (Advanced Genetic Technologies Corp., Gaithersburg, Md.) and dried.
  • Loading buffer was added to each purified sample and the mixture heated at 90° C. for two minutes. The solution was transferred to ice until being loaded onto a 4% polyacrylamide gel. Data was automatically collected once the Data Collection program was initiated and was automatically analyzed and read by the Sequence Analysis program. AU editing was performed manually and the resulting sequences were aligned where the consensus sequence was determined.
  • the FB66a cDNA set out in SEQ ID NO: 3, is 4389 nucleotides in length and, from nucleotide 3 to nucleotide 2411, encodes a protein of 803 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 90,775 Da.
  • the deduced amino acid sequence for FB66a is set out in SEQ ID NO: 4.
  • the first methionine is encoded at nucleotide 45; the absence of an upstream in frame stop codon makes it unclear whether this residue is an internal methionine or the beginning of the open reading frame.
  • FB85c-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5) was similarly determined using primers M13Rev.1, W48A2, W48A9, W48A4, W48S1, W48A1, W48S6, W48A5, W48A6, W48S2, W48S3, W48S4, W48S5, W48S7, W48A8, and M13.
  • FB85c-2 appeared to include two distinct DNA inserts, only one of which was homologous to WO4835.
  • the region homologous to WO4835 was approximately 2.8 kb in length.
  • Nucleotide 67 to nucleotide 2406 encodes a protein having 779 amino acid protein (SEQ ID NO: 6) having a predicted molecular weight of 88,353 Da. An in frame upstream stop codon makes it likely that the methionine encoded at nucleotide position 67 is the initiation methionine.
  • the proteins encoded by FB66a and FB85c-2 have different amino terminal sequences which may be due to alternative splicing.
  • the DNA sequences diverge from each other 5′ of nucleotide 112 in FB66a and nucleotide 104 in FB85c-2.
  • FB85c-2 has 13 amino acids at the amino terminus that are not found in the FB66a protein.
  • the FB66a protein includes 23 unique amino terminal residues if the initiating methionine at presumed to be encoded at nucleotide 35; the protein includes more than 37 unique amino terminal residues if the open reading frame in the FB66a clone is incomplete.
  • BLASTN analysis wherein a query nucleotide sequence is compared against a nucleotide sequence database, of the FB66a sequence revealed no identity with sequences in Genbank, NCBI STS, NCBI HTGS, or NCBI GSS databases. However, two identical sequences were identified in the NCBI EST database.
  • AA307865 SEQ ID NO: 32
  • HCC colon cancer cell line KM12C
  • PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 The PDEs encoded by clones FB85c-2 and FB66a were designated PDE8A1 and PDE8A2, respectively. Both PDE8A proteins, having complete amino acid sequence identity beyond the point of divergence discussed above, are most similar to human PDE2A, PDE5A, PDE6A, PDE6B, and PDE6C. Tables 1 and 2 show percent amino acid identity between PDE8A and PDE2A, PDE5A and PDE6A.
  • PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 share homology with other PDEs over the catalytic region (amino acids 492 through 748 in PDE8A1) and with the putative cGMP binding domain conserved in the amino terminal region of the PDE2A, PDE5A, PDE6A, PDE6B, AND PDE6C.
  • the potential cGMP binding domain of PDE8A extends from amino acids 75 to amino acid 445 in the PDE8A1 polypeptide.
  • An expression construct for PDE8A was generated that included DNA sequences 3′ from the point of divergence of PDE8AI and PDE8A2 through the stop codon.
  • the expression construction included DNA encoding an eight amino acid epitope tag.
  • PCR was performed using FB66a DNA as a template using primers set out in SEQ ID NOs: 35 (below) and W48A2 (SEQ ID NO: 10, p. 14) in a reaction mixture containing 2 ⁇ l each primer (stock 100 ⁇ g/ml), 2 ⁇ l 10X PCR buffer II (Perkin Elmer), 2 ⁇ l 10X stock of each nucleotide (stock 2 mM), 1.2 ⁇ l MgCl 2 (stock 25 mM), 0.09 ⁇ l 5 Units/ ⁇ l taq polymerase (Perkin Elmer), FB66a DNA and water to bring the reaction mixture to 20 ⁇ l.
  • PCR was carried out in a Perkin Elmer DNA Thermal Cycler under the following conditions: 94° C. for 4 minutes followed by 30 cycles of 94° C. for one minute, 50° C. for one minute, and 72° C. for two minutes.
  • the resulting PCR product was digested with NcoI and KpnI gel purified, and subcloned into Bluescript SKII + vector previously digested with the same enzymes.
  • the Bluescript vector had previously been modified to include a SacI/Ncol alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) promoter fragment removed from a YEpC-PADH2d vector [Price, et al., Meth. EnzymoL 185:308-315 (1990)].
  • ADH2 SacI/Ncol alcohol dehydrogenase 2
  • a KpnI/SstI fragment containing the 3′ portion of the open reading frame was isolated from a FB66a cDNA and inserted into W48pcr1 previously digested with KpnI and EcoRV. The resulting plasmid was designated W485.1.
  • a SacI/KpnI fragment containing the ADH2 promoter and the 5′ portion of the PDE8A gene was isolated from W49pcr1.
  • a KpnI/SalI fragment containing the 3′ region of PDE8A was isolated from W485.1.
  • the two fragments were ligated into the yeast expression vector YEpC-PADH2d that had been previously digested with SacI and SalI.
  • the resulting plasmid was designated W48-2ADH2 and was deposited on Oct. 2, 1997 under the terms of the Budapest Treaty with the American Type Culture Collection (A.T.C.C.), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852.
  • the bacterial strain bearing plasmid W48-2ADH2 was assigned accession number ATCC 98552.
  • the DNA sequences generated by PCR and the DNA sequences at the PDE8/vector junctions were determined to insure proper plasmid construction.
  • the plasmid was transformed into a yeast strain BJ2-54 lacking endogenous PDE activity (ura3-52;trp1; leu2;cir°;gal2;pep4-3,prb1-1122,prc1-402; ⁇ PDE1::URA3;HIS3; ⁇ PDE2::TRP1).
  • the host cells were grown overnight in SC-leu selective media including 2% glucose, diluted to 1-2 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml and subsequently grown to a density of 10 7 cells/ml in the same media.
  • the presence of the expression plasmid appeared to increase the doubling time for cell growth two- to three-fold even under non-inducing conditions.
  • the cells were collected by centrifugation, washed with YEP media including 3% glycerol, resuspended in YEP/3% glycerol at a density of 10 7 cells/ml, and grown for 24 hours prior to harvest. Cells were frozen until use.
  • Frozen cell pellets (0.06 ml) were thawed and suspended in 0.2 ml lysis buffer containing 100 mM MOPS, pH 8.0, 200 mM NaCl, 2 ⁇ M ZnSO 2 , 2 mM dithiothreitol, and 10 ⁇ g/ml each protease inhibitors pepstatin, leupeptin, and aprotinin.
  • Approximately 0.2 ml of 0.5 mm glass beads were added to the cells which were then lysed with four 30-second cycles of vortexing. The lysate was aspirated and the beads were washed twice with 0.3 ml lysis buffer. The lysate was combined with the washes to generate the yeast extract. In some experiments the lysate was fractionated by centrifugation at 105,000 ⁇ g for thirty minutes.
  • the blots were then incubated for one hour with blotting grade affinity purified goat anti-mouse IgG antibody conjugated to horse radish peroxidase (HRP) (BioRad).
  • HRP horse radish peroxidase
  • the goat IgG was previously diluted 1:10,000 in TBST buffer plus milk.
  • the blots were washed four times with TBST and treated, according to the manufacturer's suggested protocol, with the Renaissance® system (New England Nuclear Life Sciences Products) for enhanced chemiluminescence prior to autoradiography.
  • the majority of the protein detected by the antibody was the size expected for the recombinant protein.
  • PDE activity was assayed by detection of 32 P-phosphate released from 32 P-cAMP or 32 P-cGMP as described previously [Loughney et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271:796-806 (1996)].
  • the yeast extract was diluted in 0.5X lysis buffer also containing 0.5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin. Twenty ⁇ l of the yeast extract, or diluted yeast extract, was assayed in a 100 ⁇ l reaction volume which included an additional 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 5 mM MgCl 2 1 ⁇ M Zn SO 2 , and 0.1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin. Protein concentration was assayed by the method of Bradford.
  • IC 50 values for inhibition of PDE8A activity were determined using a set of isozyme-selective PDE inhibitors and the non-selective inhibitor isomethyl butyl xanthine (IBMX). Since these assays were performed at a cAMP concentration of 60 nM, the IC 50 values reflect inhibition of the low K m form only. The results are set out in Table 3 with values shown in micromolar units.
  • the IC 50 values for each of the selective inhibitors were at least 30 times higher against PDE8 than against their target isozymes which suggests that the inhibitory profile of PDE8 is distinct from that of PDEs 1-5.
  • the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP clearly distinguishes the enzymatic activity of PDE8A from that of PDE6 and PDE7A.
  • the IC 50 of the non-selective inhibitor IBMX for PDE8 was in the range observed for known human PDEs suggesting that the catalytic site of PDE8 resembles those of other human and mammalian PDEs and is distinct from lower eukaryotic forms that are insensitive to IBMX.
  • Results showed a 9.5 kb mRNA in all tissues examined but band intensity varied. The signal was strongest in heart, brain, and kidney; the signal was weaker in liver, placenta, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. The signal was weakest in lung.
  • Yeast artificial chromosomes containing the human PDE8A gene were isolated from a panel of human YACs purchased from Research Genetics and screened by PCR as follows.
  • YAC super-pools were screened with two nested pairs of primers.
  • sense primer W48S8 (SEQ ID NO: 36) was paired with the anti-sense primer W48A10 (SEQ ID NO: 37).
  • PCR was carried out with 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 2 mM MgSO 4 , 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 10 ⁇ g/ml of each primer, 0.5 units of Taq polymerase (Perkin-Elmer) and 1.5 ⁇ l of YAC pool DNA as template.
  • reaction products were reamplified with the internal pair of primers W48S12 (SEQ ID NO: 36) and W48A12 (SEQ ID NO: 37).
  • Yeast strains harboring the relevant YACs were purchased from Research Genetics. In order to verify the presence of the PDE8A gene in the various YACs, DNA was prepared from each strain and analyzed by PCR with primers W48S8 and W48A10. DNA was prepared from each strain according to a method previously described [Hoffman and Winston, Gene 57:267-272 (1987)] but modified as follows. Strains were grown overnight at 30° C. in YEP media containing glucose.
  • Ten ml of culture was pelleted by centrifugation and resuspended in 200 ⁇ l of aqueous buffer containing 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM Na 2 EDTA, 1% SDS, and 2% Triton-X100.
  • the cells were lysed by vortexing in the presence of 200 ⁇ l of phenol/chloroform (1:1 mixture) and 100 ⁇ l of glass beads (425-600 ⁇ m).
  • 200 ⁇ l of TE Buffer (10 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 1 mM Na 2 EDTA) was added and the sample was centrifuged to separate the phases.
  • the organic phase was extracted again with 200 ⁇ l of aqueous buffer.
  • the pooled aqueous phase was treated with 100 units of bovine pancreatic RNase (Boehringer Mannheim) for 1 hour at 37° C. and the sample was extracted with phenol/chloroform, re-extracted with chloroform, and ethanol precipitated according to established methods.
  • the resultant pellet was resuspended in 50 ⁇ l TE Buffer.
  • PCR was carried out as described above except that the reaction volume was 25 ⁇ l and the template consisted of 1 ⁇ l of the relevant yeast DNA preparation.
  • Heritable defects that have been associated with this region of the human genome include retinal cone degeneration (OMIM database), Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Davies et al. Nature 371:130-136 (1994); Luo et al. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 57:911-919 (1995)] and juvenile onset parkinsonism [Matsumine et al. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60:588-596 (1997)].
  • LH loss of heterozygosity
  • PCR analysis was performed using one primer designated FB74bS1 (SEQ ID NO: 40) within the FB74b upstream sequences and a second primer designated W48A9 (SEQ ID NO: 11) within the sequences common to FB74b, FB66a, and FB85c-2.
  • FB74bS1 GTTAGATGAGAGGTTGCTGG SEQ ID NO: 40
  • FB74b sequence may represent an unspliced intron or may represent a third splice variant that would encode a protein with an initiating methionine within the common region. In either case, the FB85c-2 and FB66a sequences are presumably generated by splicing.
  • RNA isolated from human cortex, cerebellum, heart, liver and lung tissues was isolated from frozen tissue fragments as described [Loughney et al, J. Biol. Chem. 271:796-806 (1996)] and poly A + mRNA was selected using the Fast TrackTM mRNA isolation system (Invitrogen). Double stranded cDNA was prepared using 5 ⁇ g poly A + mRNA and a cDNA synthesis kit (Boehringer Mannheim). The cDNA was ligated to a linker formed by annealing oligonucleotides L15 (SEQ ID NO: 41) and L30 (SEQ ID NO: 42). L15 GTATGCTAATCTCAG SEQ ID NO: 41 L30 CAACTCGAATTCCTTGACAGATTAGCATAC SEQ ID NO: 42
  • the linker-ligated cDNA was amplified by PCR using oligonucleotides L18 (SEQ ID NO: 43) and W48A13 (SEQ ID NO: 44).
  • L18 CAACTCGAATTCCTTGAC SEQ ID NO: 43
  • W48A13 GTTGTTCTTCCTCTTCAGCC SEQ ID NO: 44
  • the reaction contained 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 10 ⁇ g/ml of each primer and 1 ⁇ l of linker-ligated cDNA in a reaction volume of 25 ⁇ l.
  • PCR was initiated by the addition of 0.1 unit of Taq polymerase (Boehringer Mannheim) and continued with 30 cycles of one minute at 94° C., two minutes at 60° C., and four minutes at 72° C.
  • DNA amplified in the second PCR reaction was cleaved with EcoRI and SalI and ligated into the vector Bluescript (Stratagene) previously digested with the same enzymes.
  • a second round of RACE PCR was repeated using the L21 primer (SEQ ID NO: 45) with primer W48A14S (SEQ ID NO: 47).
  • W48A14S GATCGTCGACAAGCACTCGGTCAGCCTTCG SEQ ID NO: 47
  • the resultant clones were screened by PCR and the longest ones were chosen for sequencing. Only two clones were longer than the original FB66a cDNA and they extended the 5′ sequence 8 and 12 bp, respectively, in the untranslated region.
  • the FB66a sequences were extended with 5′-CCCAGGGCGCCA. The extreme 5′ end of FB66a is very GC rich which may contribute to the difficulty in isolating full length cDNAs.
  • the PDE8 sf9 expression construct was generated with a 3′ KpnI-SalI fragment from plasmid W485.1 (described in Example 5) and a 5 ′ fragment generated by PCR as follows.
  • the primers FLAG-1 (SEQ ID NO: 48) and W48A4 (SEQ ID NO: 12) were used in PCR with PDE8 COS-1 DNA (described below) as template.
  • PCR was performed as described in Example 8 except that 2 mM MgSO 4 was used in place of MgCl 2 and 0.02 U Taq polymerase was used. Following a four minute initial incubation at 94° C., 30 cycles were performed with one minute at 94° C., one minute at 50° C., and two minutes at 72° C.
  • the 5′ amplification product was cleaved with BamHI and KpnI, gel purified, and ligated with the 3′ fragment into vector pFASTBAC (Gibco BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.) previously digested with BamHI and SalI. The resulting plasmid was designated pFBRPDE8. All PCR amplification products and all new junctions were verified by sequencing.
  • Recombinant viral stocks were produced using the FastBac system (Gibco BRL) according to the manufacturer's suggested protocol and protein expression was carried out as follows. Sf9 cells were grown at 27° C. in CCM3 media (Hyclone, Logan, Utah) containing 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin sulfate (Gibco). Exponentially growing cells were infected at a multiplicity of approximately two virus per cell and incubated for 48 hours.
  • CMF-PBS 2.7 mM KCl, 1.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 137 mM NaCl, 8.1 mM Na 2 PO 4
  • pellets were frozen and stored at ⁇ 80° C. until use.
  • Cells were lysed in buffer (50 mM MOPS pH 7.2, 10 ⁇ M zinc sulfate, 1 mM DTT, 2 mM benzamidine, 10 ⁇ g/ml each pepstatin, leupeptin, and aprotinin, and 20 ⁇ g/ml each calpain I and calpain II inhibitors) by vortexing in the presence of an equal volume of glass beads (acid washed, 0.5 mm, Sigma) and PDE activity was determined as described in Example 5.
  • buffer 50 mM MOPS pH 7.2, 10 ⁇ M zinc sulfate, 1 mM DTT, 2 mM benzamidine, 10 ⁇ g/ml each pepstatin, leupeptin, and aprotinin, and 20 ⁇ g/ml each calpain I and calpain II inhibitors
  • PDE8 COS-1 was generated by combining a 3′ KpnI/SalI fragment from plasmid W485.1 (Example 5) and a NheI/KpnI fragment obtained by cleavage of a PCR amplification product from a reaction including FB66a cDNA as a template with primers W48A2 (SEQ ID NO: 10) and ATG (SEQ ID NO: 35).
  • Conditions for the PCR included an initial incubation for four minutes at 94° C. followed by 30 cycles of one minute at 94° C., one minute at 50° C. and two minutes at 72° C. in a Perkin Elmer Cetus DNA thermal cycler.
  • the resulting 5′ fragment and the 3′ fragment described above were ligated into vector pC1neo (Promega, Madison, Wis.) which had been previously digested with NheI and SalI.
  • DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin sulfate, GIBCO
  • 14 ml of DMEM/DEAE-dextran/chloroquine was added per plate.
  • DMEM/DEAE dextran/chloroquine is comprised of 75 ml DMEM and 30 ⁇ l 0.25 M chloroquine in PBS (2.7 mM KCl, 1.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 137 mM NaCl, 8.1 mM Na 2 PO 4 , 0.9 mM CaCl 2 0.5 mM MgCl 2 ), together with 0.75 ml 50 ⁇ g/ml DEAE-dextran (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden). Twenty ⁇ g of plasmid DNA in 135 ⁇ l Tris/EDTA buffer (TE) was added per plate and the plates were incubated for two hours at 37° C. in 5% CO 2 .
  • PBS 2.7 mM KCl, 1.5 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 137 mM NaCl, 8.1 mM Na 2 PO 4 , 0.9 mM CaCl 2 0.5 mM MgCl 2
  • the media was removed and 12 ml of 10% DMSO/PBS was added for one minute and removed.
  • the cells were washed once with 25 ml DMEM, after which another 25 ml of DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum (Hyclone, Logan, Utah) was added and the cells were incubated overnight at 37° C. in 5% CO 2 .
  • the media was removed and the monolayer was washed with 25 ml of CMF-PBS.
  • Six ml of a solution containing 0.05%trypsin/0.5 mM EDTA (Gibco) was added and the cells were incubated five minutes at 37° C. Cells were removed from the plates by trituration and transferred to conical centrifuge tubes.
  • the plates were washed with six ml of complete DMEM to harvest any remaining cells and the wash solution was added to the centrifuge tubes. Cells were pelleted by centrifugation for five minutes at approximately 340 ⁇ g, resuspended in five ml complete DM, removed to a 15 cm tissue culture dish containing 20 ml complete DMEM, and incubated overnight in 5% CO 2 .
  • the monolayer was washed two times with CMF-PBS, incubated five minutes at 37° C. in versene (0.5 mM Na 2 EDTA2H 2 O, 137 mM NaCl, 2.68 mM KCl, 8.1 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 1.1 mM glucose, pH 7.4), and harvested as described above. Pelleted cells were washed with CMF-PBS, frozen in dry ice, and stored at ⁇ 80° C. until use.
  • versene 0.5 mM Na 2 EDTA2H 2 O, 137 mM NaCl, 2.68 mM KCl, 8.1 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 1.1 mM glucose, pH 7.4
  • Cells were lysed in buffer (50 mM MOPS, pH 7.2, 10 ⁇ M zinc sulfate, 1 mM DTT, 2 mM benzamidine, 10 ⁇ g/ml each pepstatin, leupeptin, and aprotinin, and 20 ⁇ g/ml each calpain I and calpain II inhibitors) by passage through a French pressure cell (SLM Instruments) at 20,000 psi and PDE activity was determined as described in Example 5.
  • buffer 50 mM MOPS, pH 7.2, 10 ⁇ M zinc sulfate, 1 mM DTT, 2 mM benzamidine, 10 ⁇ g/ml each pepstatin, leupeptin, and aprotinin, and 20 ⁇ g/ml each calpain I and calpain II inhibitors
  • PDE8A expression was low in the COS cell extract and could not be accurately characterized due to the high level of background activity from endogenous PDEs.
  • the enzyme including a FLAG tag at the amino terminus (Example 5) is purified from a 100,000 ⁇ g supernatant of cell extract using an anti-FLAG M2 affinity column (Sigma) according to the manufacturer's suggested protocol.
  • expression of a recombinant protein that is truncated at the amino terminus but retains the catalytic region is carried out as described in Example 5 in an attempt to obtain a homogenous protein.
  • a GST fusion protein was produced in E. coli to provide an antigen for generation of monoclonal antibodies to PDE8A.
  • An EcoRI fragment from FB70a (a PDE8A cDNA that includes nucleotides 182-1330 of FB85c-2 and which was one of the nine clones originally identified which hybridized to the full length W04835 probe described in Example 2) was inserted into the EcoRI site of pGEX5X1 (Pharmacia) and the resultant construct was transformed in the E. coli strain XL1 Blue.
  • a GST-PDE8A fusion protein including 382 amino acids from PDE8A was produced from this construct following induction with IPTG.
  • the fusion protein was isolated using SDS-PAGE, the band of appropriate size excised from the gel following staining with cold 0.4 M KCl, and the protein obtained from the acrylamide by electroelution.
  • the elution product was dialyzed against PBS and concentrated using Centriprep 10 and Centricon columns (Amicon, Beverly Mass.) prior to being injected into mice.
  • mice On day 0, four Balb/c mice were pre-bled and injected subcutaneously with a panel of antigens including 30 ⁇ g/mouse GST-PDE8 fusion protein in complete Freund's adjuvant in 200 ⁇ l total volume. The same injections were repeated at weeks three and nine in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Ten days after the last immunization, test bleeds were obtained and screened by antigen capture ELISA and Western analysis.
  • Immulon 4 plates (Dynex, Cambridge, Mass.) were coated at 4° C. with 50 ⁇ l/well of a solution containing 2 ⁇ g/ml GST-PDE8 in 50 mM carbonate buffer, pH 9.6. Plates were blocked with 0.5% fish skin gelatin (Sigma) for 30 minutes and 50 ⁇ l serum diluted in PBS with 0.5% Tween 20 (PBST) was added. Serum dilutions ranged from 1:100 to 1:102,400 and were obtained by a series of doubling dilutions. After incubation at 37° C.
  • splenocytes from mice giving a positive result from the ELISA and/or Western blotting protocols above were fused to NS-1 cells in a ratio of 5:1 by standard methods using polyethylene glycol 1500 (Boehringer Mannheim) (Harlow and Lane, Antibodies, a Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1988).
  • the fused cells were resuspended in 200 ml RPMI containing 15% FBS, 100 mM sodium hypoxanthine, 0.4 mM aminopterin, 16 mM thymidine (HAT) (Gibco), 25 units/ml IL-6 (Boehringer Mannheim) and 1.5 ⁇ 10 6 murine thymocytes/ml and dispensed into ten 96-well flat bottom tissue culture plates (Corning, United Kingdom) at 200 ⁇ l/well.
  • Cells were fed on days 2, 4, and 6 days post fusion by aspirating approximately 100 ⁇ l from each well with an 18 G needle (Becton Dickinson) and adding 100 ⁇ l/well plating medium described above except containing 10 units/ml IL-6 and lacking thymocytes.
  • days 9 to 12 supernatants from the fusion wells were screened by antigen capture ELISA using GST and GST-PDE8 and by ECL Western analysis as described above.
  • a positive signal of the expected size was obtained on both lanes of the Western blot using mouse blood and a monoclonal antibody with very weak reactivity to the yeast recombinant protein was obtained in the subsequent fusion. The entire procedure is repeated using 50 ⁇ g antigen/mouse to obtain more strongly immunoreactive monoclonal antibodies.
  • An Xhol/EcoRI restriction enzyme fragment from the cDNA FB70a was subcloned into a Bluescript vector (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) to generate an expression plasmid designated PDE8XR2A.
  • the plasmid was cleaved with Xhol and transcribed (see below) with T3 polymerase to generate an antisense probe.
  • a sense probe was generated by cleaving PDE8XR2A with EcoRI and transcribing with T7 polymerase.
  • the PDE8A templates were transcribed using a RNA Transcription kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) in a reaction containing 5 ⁇ l of 5X transcription buffer (Stratagene), 30 mM DTT (Stratagene), 0.8 mM each ATP, CTP, GTP (10 mM (Stratagene), 40 U RNase Block II (Stratagene), 12.5 U T3 or T7 polymerase (Stratagene), and 300 ng linearized plasmid template, 50 ⁇ Ci 35 S-UTP (greater than 1000 Ci/mmol, Amersham, Arlington Heights, Ill.). The mixture was incubated at 37° C.
  • the probe was placed in the center of the column and the column centrifuged for four minutes at 1,000 rpm in a desk top centrifuge.
  • the column flow-through was mixed with 50 ⁇ l dH 2 O, 2 ⁇ l of a 10 mg/ml tRNA solution, 10 ⁇ l 3 M sodium acetate, and 200 ⁇ l 100% ethanol (VWR) and the resulting mixture was incubated at ⁇ 20° C. overnight.
  • the probe solution was microfuged for 15 minutes at 4° C., the supernatant was removed, and the pellet was resuspended in 40 ⁇ l 1X TBE containing 1 ⁇ l of 0.1 M DTT.
  • the probe was stored at ⁇ 70° C. until the in situ hybridization assay was performed.
  • Tissues (National Disease Research Interchange, Philadelphia, Pa. and Cooperative Human Tissue Network, Philadelphia, Pa.) were sectioned at 6 ⁇ m and placed on Superfrost Plus slides (VWR). Sections were fixed for 20 minutes at 4° C. in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.). The slides were rinsed in three changes of 1X CMF-PBS, dehydrated with three successive washes with 70% ethanol, 95% ethanol and 100% ethanol, and dried for 30 minutes at room temperature. The slides were placed in 70% formamide (J. T. Baker) in 2X SSC for two minutes at 70° C., rinsed in 2X SSC at 4° C., dehydrated through 70%, 95% and 100% ethanol washes, and dried for 30 minutes at room temperature.
  • 70% formamide J. T. Baker
  • a prehybridization step was performed by placing the slides in an airtight box containing a piece of filter paper saturated with box buffer containing 50% formamide (J. T. Baker) in 4X SSC. Each section was covered with 100 ⁇ l of rHB2 buffer consisting of 10% dextran sulfate (Sigma), 50% formamide (J. T. Baker, Phillpsburg, N.J.), 100 mM DTT (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, Ind.), 0.3 M NaCl (Sigma), 20 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 5 mM EDTA (Sigma), and 1X Denhardt's solution (Sigma) and the slides were incubated at 42° C. for 1 hour.
  • the probe as described above, was prepared by mixing 4 ⁇ 10 5 cpm/tissue section with 5 ⁇ l of a 10 mg/ml tRNA solution per section and heating the mixture at 95° C. for three minutes. Ice cold rHB2 buffer was added to bring the final volume to 20 ⁇ l/section. The probe-containing solution (20 ⁇ l/section) was added to 100 ⁇ l rHB2 buffer previously applied. The slides were incubated at 55° C. for 12 to 16 hours. Following hybridization, the slides were washed once in 4X SSC containing 10 mM DTT for one hour at room temperature, once in 50% deionized formamide (J. T.
  • the slides were rinsed in dH 20 O and stained with hematoxylin and eosin by transfer of the slides through a series of the following step: five minutes in formaldehyde/alcohol (100 ml formaldehyde, 900 ml 80% ethanol); three rinses in water for a total of two minutes; five minutes in 0.75% Harris hematoxylin (Sigma); three rinses in water for a total of two minutes; one dip in 1% HCl/50% ethanol; one rinse in water; four dips in 1% lithium carbonate; ten minutes in tap water; two minutes in 0.5% eosin (Sigma); three rinses in water for a total of two minutes; two minutes in 70% ethanol; three one minute rinses in 95% ethanol; two one minute rinses in 100% ethanol; and two two minutes rinses in xylene. Slides were mounted with cytoseal 60 (Stephens Scientific, Riverdale, N.J.).
  • PDE8A signal was detected throughout much of the cerebellum, in a subset of cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, on scattered cells of yet undetermined origin in skeletal muscle, in granulosa cells and ovarian stroma in the ovary, in epithelial cells in the loop of Henle in the kidney and on the smooth muscle of some arterioles in the heart.

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Abstract

The present invention provides novel human PDE8 polypeptides, polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, expression constructs comprising the polynucleotides, host cells transformed with the expression constructs; methods for producing PDE8 polypeptides; antisense polynucleotides; and antibodies specifically immunoreactive with the PDE8 polypeptides.

Description

  • This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/951,646, filed Oct. 16, 1997, which is pending.[0001]
    • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates generally to a family of phosphodiesterases designated PDE8A and uses thereof [0002]
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze 3′, 5′ cyclic nucleotides to their respective nucleoside 5′ monophosphates. The cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are synthesized by adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, respectively, and serve as second messengers in a number of cellular signaling pathways. The duration and strength of the second messenger signal is a function of the rate of synthesis and the rate of hydrolysis of the cyclic nucleotide. [0003]
  • Multiple families of PDEs have been identified. The nomenclature system includes first a number that indicates the PDE family. To date, seven families (PDE1-7) are known which are classified by: (i) primary structure; (ii) substrate preference; (iii) response to different modulators; (iv) sensitivity to specific inhibitors; and (v) modes of regulation [Loughney and Ferguson, in [0004] Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Schudt, et al. (Eds.), Academic Press: New York, N.Y. (1996) pp. 1-19]. The number indicating the family is followed by a capital letter, indicating a distinct gene, and the capital letter followed by a second number, indicating a specific splice variant or a specific transcript which utilizes a unique transcription initiation site.
  • The amino acid sequences of all mammalian PDEs identified to date include a highly conserved region of approximately 270 amino acids located in the carboxy terminal half of the protein [Charbonneau, et al., [0005] Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. (USA) 83:9308-9312 (1986)]. The conserved domain includes the catalytic site for cAMP and/or cGMP hydrolysis and two putative zinc binding sites as well as family specific determinants [Beavo, Physiol. Rev. 75:725-748 (1995); Francis, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269:22477-22480 (1994)]. The amino terminal regions of the various PDEs are highly variable and include other family specific determinants such as: (i) calmodulin binding sites (PDE1); (ii) non-catalytic cyclic GMP binding sites (PDE2, PDE5, PDE6); (iii) membrane targeting sites (PDE4); (iv) hydrophobic membrane association sites (PDE3); and (v) phosphorylation sites for either the calmodulin-dependent kinase II (PDE1), the cAMP-dependent kinase (PDE1, PDE3, PDE4), or the cGMP dependent kinase (PDE5) [Beavo, Physiol. Rev. 75:725-748 (1995); Manganiello, et al., Arch. Biochem. Acta 322:1-13 (1995); Conti, et al., Physiol. Rev. 75:723-748 (1995)].
  • Members of the PDE1 family are activated by calcium-calmodulin. Three genes have been identified; PDE1A and PDE1B preferentially hydrolyze cGMP while PDE1C has been shown to exhibit a high affinity for both cAMP and cGMP. The PDE2 family is characterized as being specifically stimulated by cGMP [Loughney and Ferguson, supra]. Only one gene has been identified, PDE2A, the enzyne product of which is specifically inhibited by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA). Enzymes in the PDE3 family are specifically inhibited by cGMP. Two genes are known, PDE3A and PDE3B, both having high affinity for both cAMP and cGMP, although the V[0006] max for cGMP hydrolysis is low enough that cGMP functions as a competitive inhibitor for cAMP hydrolysis. PDE3 enzymes are specifically inhibited by milrinone and enoximone [Loughney and Ferguson, supra]. The PDE4 family effects cAMP hydrolysis and includes four genes, PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C, and PDE4D, each having multiple splice variants. Members of this family are specifically inhibited by the anti-depressant drug rolipram. Members of PDE5 family bind cGMP at non-catalytic sites and preferentially hydrolyze cGMP. Only one gene, PDE5A, has been identified. The photoreceptor PDE6 enzymes specifically hydrolyze cGMP [Loughney and Ferguson, supra]. Genes include PDE6A and PDE6B (the protein products of which dimerize and bind two copies of a smaller γ inhibitory subunit to form rod PDE), in addition to PDE6C which associates with three smaller proteins to form cone PDE. The PDE7 family effects cAMP hydrolysis but, in contrast to the PDE4 family, is not inhibited by rolipram [Loughney and Ferguson, supra]. Only one gene, PDE7A, has been identified.
  • 1. Given the importance of cAMP and cGMP in intracellular second messenger signaling, there thus exists an ongoing need in the art to identify addition PDE species. Identification of heretofore unknown families of PDEs, and genes and splice variants thereof, will provide additional pharmacological approaches to treating conditions in which cyclic nucleotide pathways are aberrant as well as conditions in which modulation of intracellular cAMP and/or cGMP levels in certain cell types is desirable. [0007]
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In brief, the present invention provides polypeptides and underlying polynucleotides for a novel PDE family designated PDE8. The invention includes both naturally occurring and non-naturally occurring PDE8 polynucleotides and polypeptide products thereof Naturally occurring PDE8 products include distinct gene and polypeptide species within the PDE8 family (i.e., PDE8A); these species include those which are expressed within cells of the same animal and well as corresponding species homologs expressed in cells of other animals. Within each PDE8 species, the invention further provides splice variants encoded by the same polynucleotide but which arise from distinct mRNA transcripts (i.e., PDE8A1 and PDE8A2). Non-naturally occurring PDE8 products include variants of the naturally occurring products such as analogs (i.e., wherein one or more amino acids are added, substituted, or deleted) and those PDE8 products which include covalent modifications (i.e., fusion proteins, glycosylation variants, Met[0008] −1PDE8s, Met−2-Lys−1-PDE8s, Gly−1PDE8s and the like). The PDE8 family is distinguished from previously known PDE families in exhibiting high affinity for hydrolysis of both cAMP and cGMP but relatively low sensitivity to enzyme inhibitors specific for other PDE families. In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a polynucleotide comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. The invention also embraces polynucleotides encoding the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2. A presently preferred polypeptide of the invention comprises the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2. The invention provides two splice variant cDNAs which give rise to two polypeptides designated PDE8A1 and PDE8A2. PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 polypeptides, and the polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, are discussed herein as representative of the PDE8 enzyme family embraced by the invention.
  • The present invention provides novel purified and isolated polynucleotides (e.g., DNA sequences and RNA transcripts, both sense and complementary antisense strands, including splice variants thereof) encoding the human PDE8s. DNA sequences of the invention include genomic and cDNA sequences as well as wholly or partially chemically synthesized DNA sequences. “Synthesized,” as used herein and is understood in the art, refers to purely chemical, as opposed to enzymatic, methods for producing polynucleotides. “Wholly” synthesized DNA sequences are therefore produced entirely by chemical means, and “partially” synthesized DNAs embrace those wherein only portions of the resulting DNA were produced by chemical means. A preferred DNA sequence encoding a human PDE8 polypeptide is set out in SEQ ID NO: 1. Also preferred are polynucleotides encoding the PBE8 polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 and the PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 splice variant polypeptides set out in SEQ ID NOs: 6 and 4, respectively. Preferred polynucleotides encoding PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 are set out in SEQ ID NOs: 5 and 3, respectively. The invention further embraces species, preferably mammalian, homologs of the human PDE8 DNA. [0009]
  • The invention also embraces DNA sequences encoding PDE8 species which hybridize under moderately stringent conditions to the non-coding strands, or complements, of the polynucleotides in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3 and 5. DNA sequences encoding PDE8A polypeptides which would hybridize thereto but for the redundancy of the genetic code are contemplated by the invention. Exemplary moderate hybridization conditions are as follows: hybridization at 65° C. in 3X SSC, 0.1% sarkosyl, and 20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8, and washing at 65° C. in 2X SSC with 0.1% SDS. It is understood in the art that conditions of equivalent stringency can be achieved through variation of temperature and buffer, or salt concentration as described Ausebel, et al. (Eds.), [0010] Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons (1994), pp. 6.0.3 to 6.4.10. Modifications in hybridization conditions can be empirically determined or precisely calculated based on the length and the percentage of guanosine/cytosine (GC) base pairing of the probe. The hybridization conditions can be calculated as described in Sambrook, et al., (Eds.), Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989), pp. 9.47 to 9.51.
  • Autonomously replicating recombinant expression constructions such as plasmid and viral DNA vectors incorporating PDE8 sequences are also provided. Expression constructs wherein PDE8-encoding polynucleotides are operatively linked to an endogenous or exogenous expression control DNA sequence and a transcription terminator are also provided. [0011]
  • According to another aspect of the invention, host cells are provided, including procaryotic and eukaryotic cells, either stably or transiently transformed with DNA sequences of the invention in a manner which permits expression of PDE8 polypeptides of the invention. Host cells of the invention are a valuable source of immunogen for development of antibodies specifically immunoreactive with PDE8. Host cells of the invention are also conspicuously useful in methods for large scale production of PDE8 polypeptides wherein the cells are grown in a suitable culture medium and the desired polypeptide products are isolated from the cells or from the medium in which the cells are grown by, for example, immunoaffinity purification. [0012]
  • Knowledge of PDE8 DNA sequences allows for modification of cells to permit, or increase, expression of endogenous PDE8. Cells can be modified (e.g., by homologous recombination) to provide increased PDE8 expression by replacing, in whole or in part, the naturally occurring PDE8 promoter with all or part of a heterologous promoter so that the cells express PDE8 at higher levels. The heterologous promoter is inserted in such a manner that it is operatively-linked to PDE8 encoding sequences. See, for example, PCT International Publication No. WO 94/12650, PCT International Publication No. WO 92/20808, and PCT International Publication No. 91/09955. The invention also contemplates that, in addition to heterologous promoter DNA, amplifiable marker DNA (e.g., ada, dhfr, and the multifunctional CAD gene which encodes carbamyl phosphate synthase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) and/or intron DNA may be inserted along with the heterologous promoter DNA. If linked to the PDE8 coding sequence, amplification of the marker DNA by standard selection methods results in co-amplification of the PDE8 coding sequences in the cells. [0013]
  • The DNA sequence information provided by the present invention also makes possible the development through, e.g. homologous recombination or “knock-out” strategies [Capecchi, [0014] Science 244:1288-1292 (1989)], of animals that fail to express functional PDE8 or that express a variant of PDE8. Such animals are useful as models for studying the in vivo activities of PDE8 and modulators of PDE8.
  • The invention also provides purified and isolated mammalian PDE8 polypeptides. Presently preferred PDE8A polypeptides are set out in SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 6. Most preferred is a PDE8 polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2. PDE8 polypeptides of the invention may be isolated from natural cell sources or may be chemically synthesized, but are preferably produced by recombinant procedures involving host cells of the invention. Use of mammalian host cells is expected to provide for such post-translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation, truncation, lipidation, and phosphorylation) as may be needed to confer optimal biological activity on recombinant expression products of the invention. PDE8 products of the invention may be full length polypeptides, biologically active fragments, or variants thereof which retain specific PDE8 biological activity. Variants may comprise PDE8 polypeptide analogs wherein one or more of the specified (i.e., naturally encoded) amino acids is deleted or replaced or wherein one or more non-specified amino acids are added: (1) without loss of one or more of the biological activities or immunological characteristics specific for PDE8; or (2) with specific disablement of a particular biological activity of PDE8. [0015]
  • Variant products of the invention include mature PDE8A products, i.e., PDE8 products wherein leader or signal sequences are removed, having additional amino terminal residues. PDE8 products having an additional methionine residue at position −1 (Met[0016] −1-PDE8) are contemplated, as are PDE8 products having additional methionine and lysine residues at positions −2 and −1 (Met−2-Lys−1-PDE8). Variants of these types are particularly useful for recombinant protein production in bacterial cell types.
  • The invention also embraces PDE8 variants having additional amino acid residues which result from use of specific expression systems. For example, use of commercially available vectors that express a desired polypeptide such as a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion product provide the desired polypeptide having an additional glycine residue at position −1 as a result of cleavage of the GST component from the desired polypeptide. Variants which result from expression in other vector systems are also contemplated. [0017]
  • The invention further embraces PDE8 products modified to include one or more water soluble polymer attachments. Particularly preferred are PDE8 products covalently modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) subunits. Water soluble polymers may be bonded at specific positions, for example at the amino terminus of the PDE8 products, or randomly attached to one or more side chains of the polypeptide. [0018]
  • Also comprehended by the present invention are antibodies (e.g., monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, single chain antibodies, chimeric antibodies, CDR-grafted antibodies and the like) and other binding proteins specific for PDE8 products or fragments thereof. Specific binding proteins can be developed using isolated or recombinant PDE8 products, PDE8 variants, or cells expressing such products. Binding proteins are useful for purifying PDE8 products and detection or quantification of PDE8 products in fluid and tissue samples using known immunological procedures. Binding proteins are also manifestly useful in modulating (i.e., blocking, inhibiting or stimulating) biological activities of PDE8, especially those activities involved in signal transduction. Anti-idiotypic antibodies specific for anti-PDE8 antibodies are also contemplated. [0019]
  • The scientific value of the information contributed through the disclosures of DNA and amino acid sequences of the present invention is manifest. As one series of examples, knowledge of the sequence of a cDNA for PDE8A makes possible through use of Southern hybridization or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the identification of genomic DNA sequences encoding PDE8 and PDE8 expression control regulatory sequences such as promoters, operators, enhancers, repressors, and the like. DNA/DNA hybridization procedures carried out with DNA sequences of the invention under moderately to highly stringent conditions are likewise expected to allow the isolation of DNAs encoding allelic variants of PDE8A; allelic variants are known in the art to include structurally related proteins sharing one or more of the biochemical and/or immunological properties specific to PDE8A. Similarly, non-human species genes encoding proteins homologous to PDE8A can also be identified by Southern and/or PCR analysis. As an alternative, complementation studies can be useful for identifying other human PDE8 products as well as non-human proteins, and DNAs encoding the proteins, sharing one or more biological properties of PDE8A. [0020]
  • Polynucleotides of the invention are also useful in hybridization assays to detect the capacity of cells to express PDE8. Polynucleotides of the invention may also be the basis for diagnostic methods useful for identifying a genetic alteration(s) in a PDE8 locus that underlies a disease state or states. [0021]
  • Also made available by the invention are anti-sense polynucleotides which recognize and hybridize to polynucleotides encoding PDE8. Full length and fragment anti-sense polynucleotides are provided. Anti-sense polynucleotides are particularly relevant to regulating expression of PDE8 by those cells expressing PDE8 mRNA. [0022]
  • The DNA and amino acid sequence information provided by the present invention also makes possible the systematic analysis of the structure and function of PDE8s. DNA and amino acid sequence information for PDE8 also permits identification of molecules with which PDE8A will interact. Agents that modulate (i.e., increase, decrease, or block) PDE8 activity may be identified by incubating a putative modulator with PDE8 and determining the effect of the putative modulator on PDE8 phosphodiesterase activity. The selectivity of a compound that modulates the activity of the PDE8 can be evaluated by comparing its activity on the PDE8 to its activity on other PDE enzymes. Cell based methods, such as di-hybrid assays and split hybrid assays, as well as in vitro methods, including assays wherein a polypeptide or its binding partner are immobilized, and solution assays are contemplated by the invention. [0023]
  • Selective modulators may include, for example, antibodies and other proteins or peptides which specifically bind to the PDE8 or PDE8 nucleic acid, oligonucleotides which specifically bind to the PDE8 or PDE8 nucleic acid, and other non-peptide compounds (e.g., isolated or synthetic organic molecules) which specifically react with PDE8 or PDE8-encoding nucleic acid. Mutant forms of PDE8 which affect the enzymatic activity or cellular localization of the wild-type PDE8 are also contemplated by the invention. Presently preferred targets for the development of selective modulators include, for example: (1) regions of the PDE8 which contact other proteins and/or localize the PDE8 within a cell, (2) regions of the PDE8 which bind substrate, (3) allosteric cyclic nucleotide-binding site(s) of PDE8, (4) phosphorylation site(s) of PDE8 and (5) regions of the PDE8 which are involved in multimerization of PDE8 subunits. Modulators of PDE8 activity may be therapeutically useful in treatment of a wide range of diseases and physiological conditions in which PDE activity is known to be involved. [0024]
  • The invention further contemplates small molecule modulators of PDE8A enzyme activity. There are at least three different types of libraries used for the identification of small molecule modulators. These include: (1) chemical libraries, (2) natural product libraries, and (3) combinatorial libraries comprised of random peptides, oligonucleotides or organic molecules. [0025]
  • Chemical libraries consist of structural analogs of known compounds or compounds that are identified as “hits” or “leads” via natural product screening. Natural product libraries are collections of microorganisms, animals, plants, or marine organisms which are used to create mixtures for screening by: (1) fermentation and extraction of broths from soil, plant or marine microorganisms or (2) extraction of plants or marine organisms. Combinatorial libraries are composed of large numbers of peptides, oligonucleotides or organic compounds as a mixture. They are relatively easy to prepare by traditional automated synthesis methods, PCR, cloning or proprietary synthetic methods. Of particular interest are peptide and oligonucleotide combinatorial libraries. Still other libraries of interest include peptide, protein, peptidomimetic, multiparallel synthetic collection, recombinatorial, and polypeptide libraries. For a review of combinatorial chemistry and libraries created therefrom, see Myers, Curr. Opion. Biotechnol. 8:701-707 (1997). [0026]
  • Identification of modulators through use of the various libraries described herein permits modification of the candidate “hit” (or “lead”) to optimize the capacity of the “hit” to modulate activity. [0027]
  • The invention further provides methods to identify a specific binding partner compound of a PDE8A polypeptide of the invention comprising the steps of: a) contacting the PDE8A polypeptide with a compound under conditions which permit binding between the compound and the PDE8A polypeptide; b) detecting binding of the compound to the PDE8A polypeptide; and c) identifying the compound as a specific binding partner of the PDE8A polypeptide. Binding partner identified in the methods of the invention preferably modulate PDE8A enzyme activity, either through inhibition or activation, or enhancement, of the enzyme. [0028]
  • The invention also provides methods to identify a specific binding partner compound of a PDE8A polynucleotide of the invention comprising the steps of: a) contacting the PDE8A polynucleotide with a compound under conditions which permit binding between the compound and the PDE8A polynucleotide; b) detecting binding of the compound to the PDE8A polynucleotide; and c) identifying the compound as a specific binding partner of the PDE8A polynucleotide. The binding partner of the PDE8A polynucleotide preferably modulates expression of the PDE8A polypeptide encoded by the PDE8A polynucleotide, either through inhibiting expression or enhancing expression. [0029]
  • The invention also provides compounds identified by a method of the invention, as well as compositions comprising a compound identified and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. [0030]
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention is illustrated by the following examples which relate to the isolation of polynucleotides encoding PDE8 polypeptides as well as expression and characterization of the encoded polypeptides. Example 1 describes methods for searching expressed sequence tag (EST) databases in order to identify probes potentially useful for isolating DNAs of the invention. Example 2 relates to identification of PDE8A-encoding polynucleotides. Example 3 addresses sequence analysis of the isolated polynucleotides. Example 4 describes analysis of polypeptides encoded by the PDE8A polynucleotides. Example 5 addresses expression of recombinant PDE8A polypeptides. Example 6 relates to Northern analysis of PDE8A expression. Example 7 describes chromosome mapping of the gene encoding PDE8A. Example 8 describes confirmation that PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 are splice variants. Example 9 addresses expression and characterization of recombinant PDE8A. Example 10 details production of anti-PDE8A monoclonal antibodies. Example 11 describes an analysis of PDE8A expression by in situ hybridization.[0031]
    • EXAMPLE 1 Identification of an EST Related to a Human PDE
  • Using the sequences of known human, 3′, 5′ cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, a search of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) database was undertaken in order to identify cDNA fragments that could potentially be useful for the identification of novel phosphodiesterase (PDE) genes. This database contains DNA sequences representing one or both ends of cDNAs collected from a variety of tissue sources. A single sequencing run is performed on one or both ends of the cDNA and the quality of the DNA sequence varies tremendously. At the time the PDE searches were performed, the EST sequence database contained more than 600,000 cDNA sequences from a variety of organisms. [0032]
  • The search for novel PDE sequences included three steps. First the BLASTN program available through NCBI was used to identify DNA sequences in the EST sequence database with homology to cDNA sequences encoding known human PDEs. The program compares a nucleotide query sequence against a nucleotide sequence database. The cDNA sequences of the fifteen known human PDEs were submitted and fifteen BLASTN searches were performed; the query PDE sequences included PDE1A3 [Loughney, et al., [0033] J. Biol. Chem. 271:796-806 (1996)], PDE1B1 [Yu, et al., Cell Signaling, in press (1997)], PDE1C2 [Loughney, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271:796-806 (1996)], PDE2A3 [Rosman, et al., Gene 191:89-95 (1997)], PDE3A [Meacci, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. (USA) 89:3721-3725 (1992)], PDE3B [Miki et al., Genomics 36:476485 (1996)], PDE4A5 [Bolger,et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6558-6571 (1993)], PDE4B2 [Bolger, et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6558-6571(1993)], PDE4C [Bolger, et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6558-6571 (1993)], PDE4D1 and PDE4D3 [Bolger, et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6558-6571 (1993)], PDE5A, PDE6A [Pittler, et al., Genomics 6:272-283 (1990)], PDE6B [Collins, et al., Genomics 13:698-704 (1992)], PDE6C [Piriev, et al., Genomics 28:429-435 (1995), and PDE7A1 [Michaeli, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 17:12925-12932 (1993)]. The BLASTN results were examined and EST sequences that were judged as corresponding to each of the fifteen known PDE cDNAs were identified and collected into a table. The PDE6A and PDE6B sequences used as queries were truncated at 3′ end (removing a portion of the 3′ untranslated region) due to the presence of repetitive elements in the 3′ untranslated region of the cDNAs.
  • Secondly, the NCBI TBLASTN program was used to examine the homology between the protein sequence of the fifteen known human PDEs (as above) and the six different possible proteins encoded by each of the EST DNA sequences. In this search, the EST sequences are translated in six frames and the amino acid sequences generated are compared to the query PDE amino acid sequences. Sequences identified as homologous at the amino acid level were examined and any EST sequences positively identified as corresponding to a known PDE during the BLASTN search described above were discarded. [0034]
  • The third step of the search involved analyzing the sequences that were not known PDEs. These amino acid sequences were homologous to a known PDE but were not identified as one of the 15 known PDE genes during the BLASTN searches. [0035]
  • The BLAST searches identified an EST sequence (designated WO4835) from a human fetal lung cDNA library as encoding an amino acid sequence having homology to the catalytic region of PDE2A, PDE3A, PDE3B, PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C, PDE5A, rod alpha PDE6A, rod beta PDE6B, cone alpha PDE6C, and PDE7A. The database sequence for WO4835 is set out in SEQ ID NO: 7. Results from the database analysis as discussed below are exemplified using the PDE4D sequence. [0036]
  • WO4835 cDNA was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Md.) which maintains and makes publicly available deposits of ESTs identified and sequenced by I.M.A.G.E., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Calif.). The WO4835 DNA was sequenced upon receipt to confirm its identity and determined to be consistent with SEQ ID NO: 7. [0037]
  • The amino acid sequence encoded by the −1 reading frame of EST sequence WO4835 was recognized by all of the PDE query cDNA sequences except PDE1A, 1B and 1C. Using the TBLASTN results with PDE4D3 as an example, two regions of similarity were detected. The first region showed {fraction (15/37)} exact matches or 40% identity ({fraction (19/37)} similar amino acids) and included the HD(X)[0038] 2HXG(X)13A (SEQ ID NO: 8) motif found in all of the query sequences. [Charboneau, Mol. Pharmacol. Cell Regul. 2:267-298 (1990)]. The second region showed {fraction (9/20)} exact matches or 45% identity and included the YHNxxHA motif found in most of the query sequences. BLASTN analysis of the WO4835 sequence revealed that it was unique in that it was not identical to any other human DNA sequences in the Genbank database. The EST database entry for WO4835 identified the sequence as being similar to PIR:A48719, the bovine cGMP binding, cGMP hydrolyzing PDE5A1 sequence. Comparison of the protein sequence of WO4835 frame −1 to the bovine PDE5A1 sequence revealed {fraction (58/153)} matches for an overall identify of 38%. Within this region were small regions of greater homology; one region showed a {fraction (12/14)} identical amino acids. Given the unique nature of the WO4835 sequence, its relatively low homology to bovine PDE5A1, and the presence of the amino acid motifs found in most other known human PDE amino acid sequences, WO4835 represents a novel human PDE cDNA.
    • EXAMPLE 2 Isolation of Putative PDE cDNA
  • WO4835 cDNA insert was digested from the pT7T3D vector into two fragments with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and HindIII and the two fragments were purified using two sequential low melting agarose gels. Both fragments were used as probes to screen cDNA libraries derived from human heart (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.), and human fetal brain (Stratagene) using procedures routinely practiced in the art. Approximately 5×10[0039] 5 phage from each library were screened. Hybridization was carried out overnight in buffer containing 3X SSC, 0.1% Sarkosyl, 20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8, 10X Denhardt's solution, and 50 μg/ml salmon sperm DNA at 65° C. The filters were washed at 65° C. in buffer containing 2X SSC and 0.1% SDS prior to autoradiography.
  • Nine clones from the fetal brain cDNA library and two from the heart cDNA library hybridized to the WO4835 probe. Partial sequencing and mapping led to the selection of one clone from the fetal brain library designated FB66a for further characterization. [0040]
  • A second screening of approximately 7.5×10[0041] 5 phage from the fetal brain cDNA library under conditions used in the first screening using the 1.3 kb EcoRI/HindIII fragment from the 5′ portion of WO4835 yielded nineteen additional cDNA clones. Six of these cDNAs also hybridized to a HindIII/KpnI fragment of WO4835 which includes a 256 nucleotide region at the 5′ end of WO4835. Partial sequencing and mapping of five of the clones led to the selection of a second clone designated FB85c-2 for further analysis.
    • EXAMPLE 3 DNA Sequence Analysis of FB66a and FB85c-2
  • The DNA sequence of FB66a was determined for both strands using DNA oligonucleotide primers set out below in SEQ ID NOs: 9 to 31 and a Perkin Elmer Applied Biosystems Division 373A DNA Sequencer according to the maunfacturer's suggested protocol. The amount of PCR product used as template was calculated based on the size of the PCR product and was sequenced using ABI PRISM Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit with ApliTaq DNA Polymerase, FS (Perkin Elmer, Foster City, Calif.) and asymmetric PCR. The reaction product was purified on a AGCT spin column (Advanced Genetic Technologies Corp., Gaithersburg, Md.) and dried. Loading buffer was added to each purified sample and the mixture heated at 90° C. for two minutes. The solution was transferred to ice until being loaded onto a 4% polyacrylamide gel. Data was automatically collected once the Data Collection program was initiated and was automatically analyzed and read by the Sequence Analysis program. AU editing was performed manually and the resulting sequences were aligned where the consensus sequence was determined. [0042]
    M13Rev.1 GGAAACAGCTATGACCATG SEQ ID NO: 9
    W48A2 ACTCTCCAAGGAAATACAG SEQ ID NO: 10
    W48A9 CTGTCTCTGCACTAACAC SEQ ID NO: 11
    W48A4 TTGGCAAGOCCTCTGCAT SEQ ID NO: 12
    W4851 CCTCTATGAACTGAGCAG SEQ ID NO: 13
    W48A1 GAAGGCACTGCCACTGAT SEQ ID NO: 14
    W48S6 TCGAGCTGTATCGGCACT SEQ ID NO: 15
    W48A5 AGCGTGTGATTGTTCTGAA SEQ ID NO: 16
    W48S7 TGCTGGCCAAGTAGCAAG SEQ ID NO: 17
    W48A6 AAGGTCACAGGCAGTCAT SEQ ID NO: 18
    W4852 GAAGAGTGGCAAGGTCTC SEQ ID NO: 19
    W48S3 TCATGACCTGGACCACCAG SEQ ID NO: 20
    W48A8 CCTTCTTGAAGAGGTTTGC SEQ ID NO: 21
    W48S4 ATGACTGCCTGTGACCTT SEQ ID NO: 22
    W4855 CTGCTATACAACCCTTACC SEQ ID NO: 23
    W4858 GCTAATATTGCTGAGGCC SEQ ID NO: 24
    W48A7 TAAGTGAGAGGTGACTGC SEQ ID NO: 25
    W4859 CCTAAAGGGCTGAGATCA SEQ ID NO: 26
    W48S10 CGCAGTCACCTCTCACTT SEQ ID NO: 27
    M13 TGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT SEQ ID NO: 28
    W48A11 ACAAAACGCCTATGGTGG SEQ ID NO: 29
    W48A10 TTGATCTCAGCCCTTTAGC SEQ ID NO: 30
    W48S11 TCATGTGGCAGGAAACTG SEQ ID NO: 31
  • The FB66a cDNA, set out in SEQ ID NO: 3, is 4389 nucleotides in length and, from nucleotide 3 to nucleotide 2411, encodes a protein of 803 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 90,775 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence for FB66a is set out in SEQ ID NO: 4. The first methionine is encoded at nucleotide 45; the absence of an upstream in frame stop codon makes it unclear whether this residue is an internal methionine or the beginning of the open reading frame. [0043]
  • The DNA sequence of FB85c-2 (SEQ ID NO: 5) was similarly determined using primers M13Rev.1, W48A2, W48A9, W48A4, W48S1, W48A1, W48S6, W48A5, W48A6, W48S2, W48S3, W48S4, W48S5, W48S7, W48A8, and M13. FB85c-2 appeared to include two distinct DNA inserts, only one of which was homologous to WO4835. The region homologous to WO4835 was approximately 2.8 kb in length. The precise sequence at the 5′ end of the insert could not be determined and thus a few hundred bases of sequence in what may be a 5′-untranslated region are not included in the 2573 nucleotide sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 5. Nucleotide 67 to nucleotide 2406 encodes a protein having 779 amino acid protein (SEQ ID NO: 6) having a predicted molecular weight of 88,353 Da. An in frame upstream stop codon makes it likely that the methionine encoded at nucleotide position 67 is the initiation methionine. [0044]
  • The proteins encoded by FB66a and FB85c-2 have different amino terminal sequences which may be due to alternative splicing. The DNA sequences diverge from each other 5′ of nucleotide 112 in FB66a and nucleotide 104 in FB85c-2. Thus, FB85c-2 has 13 amino acids at the amino terminus that are not found in the FB66a protein. The FB66a protein includes 23 unique amino terminal residues if the initiating methionine at presumed to be encoded at nucleotide 35; the protein includes more than 37 unique amino terminal residues if the open reading frame in the FB66a clone is incomplete. [0045]
  • BLASTN analysis, wherein a query nucleotide sequence is compared against a nucleotide sequence database, of the FB66a sequence revealed no identity with sequences in Genbank, NCBI STS, NCBI HTGS, or NCBI GSS databases. However, two identical sequences were identified in the NCBI EST database. [0046]
  • One sequence was the WO4835 EST which was used to identify the cDNA clone. The second, AA307865 (SEQ ID NO: 32), derived from a colon cancer cell line KM12C (HCC) showed sequence identity with the 3′ untranslated region of the FB66a and FB85c-2 clones. During the search in which AA307865 was identified, additional EST DNAs were identified presumably encoding putative mouse (EST AA386789, SEQ ID NO: 38) and rat (EST H32734, SEQ ID NO: 33) homologs to the human proteins encoded by FB66a and FB85c-2. The mouse sequence was 86% identical to the human sequences and the rat sequence was 81%. [0047]
    • EXAMPLE 4 Analysis FB85c-2 and FB66a Protein
  • The PDEs encoded by clones FB85c-2 and FB66a were designated PDE8A1 and PDE8A2, respectively. Both PDE8A proteins, having complete amino acid sequence identity beyond the point of divergence discussed above, are most similar to human PDE2A, PDE5A, PDE6A, PDE6B, and PDE6C. Tables 1 and 2 show percent amino acid identity between PDE8A and PDE2A, PDE5A and PDE6A. [0048]
  • PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 share homology with other PDEs over the catalytic region (amino acids 492 through 748 in PDE8A1) and with the putative cGMP binding domain conserved in the amino terminal region of the PDE2A, PDE5A, PDE6A, PDE6B, AND PDE6C. The potential cGMP binding domain of PDE8A extends from amino acids 75 to amino acid 445 in the PDE8A1 polypeptide. Within the cGMP binding domains of PDE2A, PDE5A, PDE6A, PDE6B, and PDE6C, there are two internal repeats designated “a” and “b,” and each repeat contains a series of conserved amino acids [McAllister-Lucas, et al., [0049] J. Biol. Chem. 268:22863-22873 (1993)]. In the corresponding “b” repeat region of PDE8A, all of the conserved amino acids are found; in the corresponding “a” repeat region, only some of the conserved residues were detected. An aspartate residue, shown to be essential for the cGMP binding by bovine PDE5A [McAllister-Lucas, et al, J. Biol. Chem. 270:1-9 (1995)] is not present in the “a” repeat region of PDE8A. It is therefore uncertain whether this region in PDE8A functions to bind cGMP.
    TABLE 1
    PDE8A Identity in the Entire Protein
    PDE 2A 5A 6A 8A
    2A 100 19 16 28
    5A 100 23 28
    6A 100 21
    8A 100
  • [0050]
    TABLE 2
    PDE8A Identity in the Catalytic Domain
    PDE 2A 5A 6A 8A
    2A 100 38 33 41
    5A 100 42 46
    6A 100 37
    8A 100
    • EXAMPLE 5 Expression of Recombinant PDE8A
  • An expression construct for PDE8A was generated that included DNA sequences 3′ from the point of divergence of PDE8AI and PDE8A2 through the stop codon. The expression construction included DNA encoding an eight amino acid epitope tag. The so-called “FLAG tag,” comprising the peptide sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 34, was added to the amino terminus in order that the protein could be identified by Western blotting techniques using an anti-FLAG M2 antibody (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, N.Y.) which specifically recognized the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 34. [0051]
    Asp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys SEQ ID NO: 34
  • Sequences encoding an initiating methionine at the proteins amino terminus was also added. [0052]
  • As a first step in constructing the expression plasmid, PCR was performed using FB66a DNA as a template using primers set out in SEQ ID NOs: 35 (below) and W48A2 (SEQ ID NO: 10, p. 14) in a reaction mixture containing 2 μl each primer (stock 100 μg/ml), 2 μl 10X PCR buffer II (Perkin Elmer), 2 μl 10X stock of each nucleotide (stock 2 mM), 1.2 μl MgCl[0053] 2 (stock 25 mM), 0.09 μl 5 Units/μl taq polymerase (Perkin Elmer), FB66a DNA and water to bring the reaction mixture to 20 μl. In the 5′ primer (SEQ ID NO: 35), an Ncol site is in bold and the FLAG tag encoding region is underlined.
    CAGTCAGCTAGCCGCCATGGACTACAAGGAC- SEQ ID NO: 35
    GACGATGACCAAGTTGACTGATGAAAAGGTG
  • PCR was carried out in a Perkin Elmer DNA Thermal Cycler under the following conditions: 94° C. for 4 minutes followed by 30 cycles of 94° C. for one minute, 50° C. for one minute, and 72° C. for two minutes. [0054]
  • The resulting PCR product was digested with NcoI and KpnI gel purified, and subcloned into Bluescript SKII[0055] + vector previously digested with the same enzymes. The Bluescript vector had previously been modified to include a SacI/Ncol alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) promoter fragment removed from a YEpC-PADH2d vector [Price, et al., Meth. EnzymoL 185:308-315 (1990)]. The resulting plasmid was designated W48pcr1.
  • A KpnI/SstI fragment containing the 3′ portion of the open reading frame was isolated from a FB66a cDNA and inserted into W48pcr1 previously digested with KpnI and EcoRV. The resulting plasmid was designated W485.1. [0056]
  • A SacI/KpnI fragment containing the ADH2 promoter and the 5′ portion of the PDE8A gene was isolated from W49pcr1. A KpnI/SalI fragment containing the 3′ region of PDE8A was isolated from W485.1. The two fragments were ligated into the yeast expression vector YEpC-PADH2d that had been previously digested with SacI and SalI. The resulting plasmid was designated W48-2ADH2 and was deposited on Oct. 2, 1997 under the terms of the Budapest Treaty with the American Type Culture Collection (A.T.C.C.), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852. The bacterial strain bearing plasmid W48-2ADH2 was assigned accession number ATCC 98552. The DNA sequences generated by PCR and the DNA sequences at the PDE8/vector junctions were determined to insure proper plasmid construction. Upon confirmation of the sequence, the plasmid was transformed into a yeast strain BJ2-54 lacking endogenous PDE activity (ura3-52;trp1; leu2;cir°;gal2;pep4-3,prb1-1122,prc1-402;ΔPDE1::URA3;HIS3; ΔPDE2::TRP1). [0057]
  • The host cells were grown overnight in SC-leu selective media including 2% glucose, diluted to 1-2×10[0058] 5 cells/ml and subsequently grown to a density of 107 cells/ml in the same media. The presence of the expression plasmid appeared to increase the doubling time for cell growth two- to three-fold even under non-inducing conditions. The cells were collected by centrifugation, washed with YEP media including 3% glycerol, resuspended in YEP/3% glycerol at a density of 107 cells/ml, and grown for 24 hours prior to harvest. Cells were frozen until use.
  • Frozen cell pellets (0.06 ml) were thawed and suspended in 0.2 ml lysis buffer containing 100 mM MOPS, pH 8.0, 200 mM NaCl, 2 μM ZnSO[0059] 2, 2 mM dithiothreitol, and 10 μg/ml each protease inhibitors pepstatin, leupeptin, and aprotinin. Approximately 0.2 ml of 0.5 mm glass beads were added to the cells which were then lysed with four 30-second cycles of vortexing. The lysate was aspirated and the beads were washed twice with 0.3 ml lysis buffer. The lysate was combined with the washes to generate the yeast extract. In some experiments the lysate was fractionated by centrifugation at 105,000×g for thirty minutes.
  • Western analysis was carried out on yeast extract containing the recombinant protein as follows. Proteins were first separated on SDS-PAGE and transferred to Immobilon-P (Millipore) using standard methods. The protein blots were blocked using 5% non-fat dry milk in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween-20 (TBST buffer plus milk) for one hour at room temperature. The blots were incubated with anti-FLAG M2 antibody (discussed above) at a concentration of 1 μg/ml in TBST buffer plus milk for one hour, after which the blots were washed four times with TBST buffer. The blots were then incubated for one hour with blotting grade affinity purified goat anti-mouse IgG antibody conjugated to horse radish peroxidase (HRP) (BioRad). The goat IgG was previously diluted 1:10,000 in TBST buffer plus milk. The blots were washed four times with TBST and treated, according to the manufacturer's suggested protocol, with the Renaissance® system (New England Nuclear Life Sciences Products) for enhanced chemiluminescence prior to autoradiography. The majority of the protein detected by the antibody was the size expected for the recombinant protein. [0060]
  • PDE activity was assayed by detection of [0061] 32P-phosphate released from 32P-cAMP or 32P-cGMP as described previously [Loughney et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271:796-806 (1996)]. The yeast extract was diluted in 0.5X lysis buffer also containing 0.5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin. Twenty μl of the yeast extract, or diluted yeast extract, was assayed in a 100 μl reaction volume which included an additional 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 5 mM MgCl2 1 μM Zn SO2, and 0.1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin. Protein concentration was assayed by the method of Bradford.
  • PDE8A was observed to hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP. In unfractionated lysates, the specific activity for cAMP was 3.9 nmol/min/mg and for cGMP was 7.6 nmol/min/mg. Fractionation revealed that 20-40% of the total activity was associated with the high speed supernatant fraction. Kinetic analysis of the activity with cAMP as substrate suggested the presence of both low and high K[0062] m forms of the enzyme in a 1:1 activity ratio. The estimated Km values were 0.2 μM and 350 μM. Analysis of the high speed pellet suggested that the same species were present but in a high Km:low Km activity ratio of 1:4. Kinetic analysis with cGMP as substrate also suggested the presence of low and high forms of the enzyme. In these analyses, Km values were estimated to be 3 μM and 300 μM.
  • The IC[0063] 50 values for inhibition of PDE8A activity were determined using a set of isozyme-selective PDE inhibitors and the non-selective inhibitor isomethyl butyl xanthine (IBMX). Since these assays were performed at a cAMP concentration of 60 nM, the IC50 values reflect inhibition of the low Km form only. The results are set out in Table 3 with values shown in micromolar units.
    TABLE 3
    PDE8 Inhibition with Isozyme-specific PDE Inhibitors
    Target PDE IC50 for IC50 for Fold
    Compound Family Target Family PDE8 Difference
    IC224 PDE1 0.08-0.008 2.7 38-338
    EHNA PDE2 2 65 31
    Cilostamide PDE3 0.02 12 750
    IC197 PDE4 0.02 14 714
    DMPPO PDE5 0.016 1.1 66
    IBMX Non-selective 1-40 4.6 0.12-4.6
  • The IC[0064] 50 values for each of the selective inhibitors were at least 30 times higher against PDE8 than against their target isozymes which suggests that the inhibitory profile of PDE8 is distinct from that of PDEs 1-5. The hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP clearly distinguishes the enzymatic activity of PDE8A from that of PDE6 and PDE7A. The IC50 of the non-selective inhibitor IBMX for PDE8 was in the range observed for known human PDEs suggesting that the catalytic site of PDE8 resembles those of other human and mammalian PDEs and is distinct from lower eukaryotic forms that are insensitive to IBMX.
    • EXAMPLE 6 Northern Analysis of PDE8A Expression
  • Northern analysis of PDE8A expression was carried out using a human multiple tissue blot (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.). The 327 base probe was extended from nucleotide 1767 to nucleotide 2293 in SEQ ID NO: 3. Riboprobe preparation and hybridization conditions were as previously described [Loughney, et al. supra]. [0065]
  • Results showed a 9.5 kb mRNA in all tissues examined but band intensity varied. The signal was strongest in heart, brain, and kidney; the signal was weaker in liver, placenta, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. The signal was weakest in lung. [0066]
    • EXAMPLE 7 Chromosome Mapping of Human PDE8A
  • Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) containing the human PDE8A gene were isolated from a panel of human YACs purchased from Research Genetics and screened by PCR as follows. [0067]
  • The YAC super-pools were screened with two nested pairs of primers. In the first screening reaction, sense primer W48S8 (SEQ ID NO: 36) was paired with the anti-sense primer W48A10 (SEQ ID NO: 37). PCR was carried out with 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 2 mM MgSO[0068] 4, 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 10 μg/ml of each primer, 0.5 units of Taq polymerase (Perkin-Elmer) and 1.5 μl of YAC pool DNA as template. Reactions were carried out for 30 cycles, each cycle consisting of one minute at 94° C., two minutes at 60° C., and four minutes at 72° C. After the first round of amplification, the reaction products were reamplified with the internal pair of primers W48S12 (SEQ ID NO: 36) and W48A12 (SEQ ID NO: 37).
    W48S12 CCAGAAGGGGTACTTTTCC SEQ ID NO: 36
    W48A12 CATTGTCCTGAGGCTGTGG SEQ ID NO: 37
  • The reactions were carried out as described above except that the template was 1 μl of a 1:10 dilution (in water) of the first round reaction. Super-pools yielding the correct size PCR product were identified and the corresponding sub-pools were screened with the same nested pairs of primers under the same conditions to identify unique addresses for YACs containing PDE8A. [0069]
  • Yeast strains harboring the relevant YACs were purchased from Research Genetics. In order to verify the presence of the PDE8A gene in the various YACs, DNA was prepared from each strain and analyzed by PCR with primers W48S8 and W48A10. DNA was prepared from each strain according to a method previously described [Hoffman and Winston, [0070] Gene 57:267-272 (1987)] but modified as follows. Strains were grown overnight at 30° C. in YEP media containing glucose. Ten ml of culture was pelleted by centrifugation and resuspended in 200 μl of aqueous buffer containing 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM Na2EDTA, 1% SDS, and 2% Triton-X100. The cells were lysed by vortexing in the presence of 200 μl of phenol/chloroform (1:1 mixture) and 100 μl of glass beads (425-600 μm). Following lysis, 200 μl of TE Buffer (10 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 1 mM Na2EDTA) was added and the sample was centrifuged to separate the phases. The organic phase was extracted again with 200 μl of aqueous buffer. The pooled aqueous phase was treated with 100 units of bovine pancreatic RNase (Boehringer Mannheim) for 1 hour at 37° C. and the sample was extracted with phenol/chloroform, re-extracted with chloroform, and ethanol precipitated according to established methods. The resultant pellet was resuspended in 50 μl TE Buffer. PCR was carried out as described above except that the reaction volume was 25 μl and the template consisted of 1 μl of the relevant yeast DNA preparation.
  • Three human YACs containing the PDE8 gene were identified with addresses 805B6, 919H10 and 920A3 (as per the CEPH designation). According to information in the Center for Genome Research database (Whitehead), the three YACs overlap one another and are part of a singly-linked contig (WC6.16) on human chromosome 6. Two sequence tagged sites within this contig (D6S305 and D6S411) have been placed on the chromosomes 6 genetic map at a position 167 cM from the end of 6 p in work at the Center for Genome Research; D6S305 has been mapped to a position 173 cM from the end of 6 p in work at CEPH-Genethon. Three other YACs within the WC6.16 contig (932F1, 956B1 and 947D5) have been mapped by florescence in situ hybridization at CEPH-Genethon. The hybridization signals fall between 0.94-and 0.99 fractional length units from the end of 6p. According to the CEPH integrated summary map [Chumakov et al., [0071] Nature 377 (Supp):175-297 (1995)], this region corresponds to the cytogenetic region 6q26-27.
  • Heritable defects that have been associated with this region of the human genome include retinal cone degeneration (OMIM database), Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Davies et al. [0072] Nature 371:130-136 (1994); Luo et al. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 57:911-919 (1995)] and juvenile onset parkinsonism [Matsumine et al. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60:588-596 (1997)]. In addition, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is frequently observed in this region in a variety of different cancer cells, including Burkitt's lymphoma [Parsa et al. Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer 9:13-18 (1994)], astrocytoma [Liang et al. Neurology 44:533-536 (1994)], gastric carcinoma [Queimado et al. Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer 14:28-34 (1995)], parathyroid adenoma [Tahara et al. Cancer Res. 56:599-605 (1996)] and ovarian carcinoma [Cooke et al. Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer 15:223-233 (1996); Saito et al. Cancer Res. 56:5586-5589 (1996)]. LOH has been suggested to indicate the presence of a tumor suppressor gene in the affected region [Weinberg, Science 254:1138-1146 (1991)]. Due to its widespread expression, it is possible that mutation of the PDE8 gene may be involved in all or some of these genetic abnormalities.
    • EXAMPLE 8 Verification that PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 Represent Splice Variants and Efforts to Extend the 5′ Sequence of PDE8A2
  • To verify that PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 represent 5′ splice variants, two approaches were taken. First, PCR analysis revealed that, in genomic DNA, neither PDE8A1 nor PDE8A2 sequences were adjacent the DNA sequence of the common region. The genomic sequences upstream of the common region were present in a third PDE8A cDNA, FB74b, which was identified in the group of six original clones that hybridized to the 5′ end of probe WO4835 described in Example 2. The partial sequence (755 nucleotides at the 3′ end) of clone FB74b is set out in SEQ ID NO: 39. The FB74b cDNA diverged from FB85c-2 and FB66a at the same position as FB85c-2 and FB66a diverged from each other, but the FB74b clone did not maintain the open reading frame. In the FB74b sequence 5′ to the point of sequence divergence from the FB66a and FB85c-2 clones, an in-frame stop codon was closer to the point of divergence than an initiating methionine codon indicating that, if FB74b represented a cDNA rather than an unspliced precursor, the initiating methionine would necessarily be located in the sequence common to both FB66a and FB85c-2. [0073]
  • PCR analysis was performed using one primer designated FB74bS1 (SEQ ID NO: 40) within the FB74b upstream sequences and a second primer designated W48A9 (SEQ ID NO: 11) within the sequences common to FB74b, FB66a, and FB85c-2. [0074]
    FB74bS1 GTTAGATGAGAGGTTGCTGG SEQ ID NO: 40
  • Using 1 μg of human genomic DNA as template, a band was amplified having the same size as the one amplified using FB74b as template, indicating that the sequences unique to FB74b and the common region were adjacent in genomic DNA. Thus, the FB74b sequence may represent an unspliced intron or may represent a third splice variant that would encode a protein with an initiating methionine within the common region. In either case, the FB85c-2 and FB66a sequences are presumably generated by splicing. [0075]
  • Secondly, 5′ RACE analysis was performed using RNA isolated from human cortex, cerebellum, heart, liver and lung tissues. RNA was isolated from frozen tissue fragments as described [Loughney et al, [0076] J. Biol. Chem. 271:796-806 (1996)] and poly A+mRNA was selected using the Fast Track™ mRNA isolation system (Invitrogen). Double stranded cDNA was prepared using 5 μg poly A+mRNA and a cDNA synthesis kit (Boehringer Mannheim). The cDNA was ligated to a linker formed by annealing oligonucleotides L15 (SEQ ID NO: 41) and L30 (SEQ ID NO: 42).
    L15 GTATGCTAATCTCAG SEQ ID NO: 41
    L30 CAACTCGAATTCCTTGACAGATTAGCATAC SEQ ID NO: 42
  • For the 5′ RACE, the linker-ligated cDNA was amplified by PCR using oligonucleotides L18 (SEQ ID NO: 43) and W48A13 (SEQ ID NO: 44). [0077]
    L18 CAACTCGAATTCCTTGAC SEQ ID NO: 43
    W48A13 GTTGTTCTTCCTCTTCAGCC SEQ ID NO: 44
  • The reaction contained 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl[0078] 2, 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 10 μg/ml of each primer and 1 μl of linker-ligated cDNA in a reaction volume of 25 μl. Following heating step at 94° C., PCR was initiated by the addition of 0.1 unit of Taq polymerase (Boehringer Mannheim) and continued with 30 cycles of one minute at 94° C., two minutes at 60° C., and four minutes at 72° C.
  • The products of the PCR reaction were diluted ten-fold with water and used as template in a second PCR reaction with oligonucleotides L21 (SEQ ID NO: 45) and W48A9S (SEQ ID NO: 46) under the same conditions described above. [0079]
    L21 CAACTCGAATTCCTTGACAGA SEQ ID NO: 45
    W48A9S GATCGTCGACCTGTCTCTGCACTAACAC SEQ ID NO: 46
  • DNA amplified in the second PCR reaction was cleaved with EcoRI and SalI and ligated into the vector Bluescript (Stratagene) previously digested with the same enzymes. [0080]
  • Initially, DNA sequences in five plasmids from each tissue source were examined and both PDE8A1 and PDE8A2 5′ sequences were found among the cDNAs isolated. FB74b 5′ sequences were also obtained, as were several sequences, each isolated only once, that could represent yet additional splice variants or unrelated DNA sequences. [0081]
  • Because none of the PDE8A2-like cDNAs extended further 5′ than did the original FB66a cDNA, additional PDE8A2 RACE clones were analyzed in an attempt to extend the 5′ end sequence. An additional five lung PDE8A2 cDNAs were identified and sequenced, but none extended the PDE8A2 sequence. [0082]
  • A second round of RACE PCR was repeated using the L21 primer (SEQ ID NO: 45) with primer W48A14S (SEQ ID NO: 47). [0083]
    W48A14S
    GATCGTCGACAAGCACTCGGTCAGCCTTCG SEQ ID NO: 47
  • The resultant clones were screened by PCR and the longest ones were chosen for sequencing. Only two clones were longer than the original FB66a cDNA and they extended the 5′ sequence 8 and 12 bp, respectively, in the untranslated region. The FB66a sequences were extended with 5′-CCCAGGGCGCCA. The extreme 5′ end of FB66a is very GC rich which may contribute to the difficulty in isolating full length cDNAs. [0084]
    • EXAMPLE 9 Expression and Characterization of PDE8A
  • The recombinant PDE8A described in Example 5 existed in both low affinity and high affinity forms in yeast extract. Because of the possibility that the low affinity form represented partially inactive enzyme, PDE8A expression was carried out in sf9 and COS cells in an attempt to either obtain a homogeneous enzyme or determine if the two kinetic forms are always expressed from the cDNA. [0085]
  • The PDE8 sf9 expression construct was generated with a 3′ KpnI-SalI fragment from plasmid W485.1 (described in Example 5) and a 5 ′ fragment generated by PCR as follows. The primers FLAG-1 (SEQ ID NO: 48) and W48A4 (SEQ ID NO: 12) were used in PCR with PDE8 COS-1 DNA (described below) as template. [0086]
    FLAG-1 GATCGGATCCACCATGGACTACAAGG SEQ ID NO: 48
  • PCR was performed as described in Example 8 except that 2 mM MgSO[0087] 4 was used in place of MgCl2 and 0.02 U Taq polymerase was used. Following a four minute initial incubation at 94° C., 30 cycles were performed with one minute at 94° C., one minute at 50° C., and two minutes at 72° C. The 5′ amplification product was cleaved with BamHI and KpnI, gel purified, and ligated with the 3′ fragment into vector pFASTBAC (Gibco BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.) previously digested with BamHI and SalI. The resulting plasmid was designated pFBRPDE8. All PCR amplification products and all new junctions were verified by sequencing.
  • Recombinant viral stocks were produced using the FastBac system (Gibco BRL) according to the manufacturer's suggested protocol and protein expression was carried out as follows. Sf9 cells were grown at 27° C. in CCM3 media (Hyclone, Logan, Utah) containing 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 μg/ml streptomycin sulfate (Gibco). Exponentially growing cells were infected at a multiplicity of approximately two virus per cell and incubated for 48 hours. Cells were collected by centrifugation, washed with CMF-PBS (2.7 mM KCl, 1.5 mM KH[0088] 2PO4, 137 mM NaCl, 8.1 mM Na2PO4), and the pellets were frozen and stored at −80° C. until use. Cells were lysed in buffer (50 mM MOPS pH 7.2, 10 μM zinc sulfate, 1 mM DTT, 2 mM benzamidine, 10 μg/ml each pepstatin, leupeptin, and aprotinin, and 20 μg/ml each calpain I and calpain II inhibitors) by vortexing in the presence of an equal volume of glass beads (acid washed, 0.5 mm, Sigma) and PDE activity was determined as described in Example 5.
  • In the sf9 extract, 45.4 nmol/min/mg PDE activity was detected for cAMP hydrolysis (100 μM substrate) and 69.4 nmol/min/mg for cGMP hydrolysis (100 μM substrate). The background PDE activity was negligible. The PDE8A activity appeared to be a mixture of high and low affinity forms as detected in yeast extracts as described in Example 5. [0089]
  • For expression in COS cells, PDE8 COS-1 was generated by combining a 3′ KpnI/SalI fragment from plasmid W485.1 (Example 5) and a NheI/KpnI fragment obtained by cleavage of a PCR amplification product from a reaction including FB66a cDNA as a template with primers W48A2 (SEQ ID NO: 10) and ATG (SEQ ID NO: 35). Conditions for the PCR included an initial incubation for four minutes at 94° C. followed by 30 cycles of one minute at 94° C., one minute at 50° C. and two minutes at 72° C. in a Perkin Elmer Cetus DNA thermal cycler. The resulting 5′ fragment and the 3′ fragment described above were ligated into vector pC1neo (Promega, Madison, Wis.) which had been previously digested with NheI and SalI. [0090]
  • Semi-confluent COS cells growing in 15 cm dishes were washed once with 25 ml DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin sulfate, GIBCO), after which 14 ml of DMEM/DEAE-dextran/chloroquine was added per plate. DMEM/DEAE dextran/chloroquine is comprised of 75 ml DMEM and 30 μl 0.25 M chloroquine in PBS (2.7 mM KCl, 1.5 mM KH[0091] 2PO4, 137 mM NaCl, 8.1 mM Na2PO4, 0.9 mM CaCl2 0.5 mM MgCl2), together with 0.75 ml 50 μg/ml DEAE-dextran (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden). Twenty μg of plasmid DNA in 135 μl Tris/EDTA buffer (TE) was added per plate and the plates were incubated for two hours at 37° C. in 5% CO2. The media was removed and 12 ml of 10% DMSO/PBS was added for one minute and removed. The cells were washed once with 25 ml DMEM, after which another 25 ml of DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum (Hyclone, Logan, Utah) was added and the cells were incubated overnight at 37° C. in 5% CO2. The media was removed and the monolayer was washed with 25 ml of CMF-PBS. Six ml of a solution containing 0.05%trypsin/0.5 mM EDTA (Gibco) was added and the cells were incubated five minutes at 37° C. Cells were removed from the plates by trituration and transferred to conical centrifuge tubes. The plates were washed with six ml of complete DMEM to harvest any remaining cells and the wash solution was added to the centrifuge tubes. Cells were pelleted by centrifugation for five minutes at approximately 340×g, resuspended in five ml complete DM, removed to a 15 cm tissue culture dish containing 20 ml complete DMEM, and incubated overnight in 5% CO2.
  • The monolayer was washed two times with CMF-PBS, incubated five minutes at 37° C. in versene (0.5 mM Na[0092] 2EDTA2H2O, 137 mM NaCl, 2.68 mM KCl, 8.1 mM Na2HPO4, 1.1 mM glucose, pH 7.4), and harvested as described above. Pelleted cells were washed with CMF-PBS, frozen in dry ice, and stored at −80° C. until use. Cells were lysed in buffer (50 mM MOPS, pH 7.2, 10 μM zinc sulfate, 1 mM DTT, 2 mM benzamidine, 10 μg/ml each pepstatin, leupeptin, and aprotinin, and 20 μg/ml each calpain I and calpain II inhibitors) by passage through a French pressure cell (SLM Instruments) at 20,000 psi and PDE activity was determined as described in Example 5.
  • PDE8A expression was low in the COS cell extract and could not be accurately characterized due to the high level of background activity from endogenous PDEs. In order to more fully characterize the COS cell expression product, the enzyme including a FLAG tag at the amino terminus (Example 5) is purified from a 100,000×g supernatant of cell extract using an anti-FLAG M2 affinity column (Sigma) according to the manufacturer's suggested protocol. In order to more accurately characterize yeast PDE8A activity, expression of a recombinant protein that is truncated at the amino terminus but retains the catalytic region is carried out as described in Example 5 in an attempt to obtain a homogenous protein. [0093]
    • EXAMPLE 10 Production of Anti-PDE8A Antibodies
  • A GST fusion protein was produced in [0094] E. coli to provide an antigen for generation of monoclonal antibodies to PDE8A. An EcoRI fragment from FB70a (a PDE8A cDNA that includes nucleotides 182-1330 of FB85c-2 and which was one of the nine clones originally identified which hybridized to the full length W04835 probe described in Example 2) was inserted into the EcoRI site of pGEX5X1 (Pharmacia) and the resultant construct was transformed in the E. coli strain XL1 Blue. A GST-PDE8A fusion protein including 382 amino acids from PDE8A was produced from this construct following induction with IPTG. The fusion protein was isolated using SDS-PAGE, the band of appropriate size excised from the gel following staining with cold 0.4 M KCl, and the protein obtained from the acrylamide by electroelution. The elution product was dialyzed against PBS and concentrated using Centriprep 10 and Centricon columns (Amicon, Beverly Mass.) prior to being injected into mice.
  • On day 0, four Balb/c mice were pre-bled and injected subcutaneously with a panel of antigens including 30 μg/mouse GST-PDE8 fusion protein in complete Freund's adjuvant in 200 μl total volume. The same injections were repeated at weeks three and nine in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Ten days after the last immunization, test bleeds were obtained and screened by antigen capture ELISA and Western analysis. [0095]
  • In the ELISA, Immulon 4 plates (Dynex, Cambridge, Mass.) were coated at 4° C. with 50 μl/well of a solution containing 2 μg/ml GST-PDE8 in 50 mM carbonate buffer, pH 9.6. Plates were blocked with 0.5% fish skin gelatin (Sigma) for 30 minutes and 50 μl serum diluted in PBS with 0.5% Tween 20 (PBST) was added. Serum dilutions ranged from 1:100 to 1:102,400 and were obtained by a series of doubling dilutions. After incubation at 37° C. for 30 minutes and washing three times with PBST, 50 μl of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG(fc) antibody (Jackson) (diluted 1:10000 in PBST) was added. Plates were incubated as above and washed four times with PBST. Antibody was detected with addition of tetramethyl benzidine (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, Mo.) and the color reaction was stopped after five minutes with the addition of 50 μl of 15% H[0096] 2SO4. Absorbance at 450 nM was measured on a plate reader.
  • For Western analysis, SDS-PAGE gels were run with approximately 10 μg yeast PDE8 extract and approximately 200 ng of gel-purified GST-PDE8 and the proteins were transferred to Immobilon-PVDF. A standard enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Western blot protocol was performed using BioRad goat anti-mouse IgG horseradish peroxidase as the secondary antibody. [0097]
  • In preparation of hybridomas, splenocytes from mice giving a positive result from the ELISA and/or Western blotting protocols above, were fused to NS-1 cells in a ratio of 5:1 by standard methods using polyethylene glycol 1500 (Boehringer Mannheim) (Harlow and Lane, Antibodies, a Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1988). The fused cells were resuspended in 200 ml RPMI containing 15% FBS, 100 mM sodium hypoxanthine, 0.4 mM aminopterin, 16 mM thymidine (HAT) (Gibco), 25 units/ml IL-6 (Boehringer Mannheim) and 1.5×10[0098] 6 murine thymocytes/ml and dispensed into ten 96-well flat bottom tissue culture plates (Corning, United Kingdom) at 200 μl/well. Cells were fed on days 2, 4, and 6 days post fusion by aspirating approximately 100 μl from each well with an 18 G needle (Becton Dickinson) and adding 100 μl/well plating medium described above except containing 10 units/ml IL-6 and lacking thymocytes. On days 9 to 12, supernatants from the fusion wells were screened by antigen capture ELISA using GST and GST-PDE8 and by ECL Western analysis as described above.
  • A positive signal of the expected size was obtained on both lanes of the Western blot using mouse blood and a monoclonal antibody with very weak reactivity to the yeast recombinant protein was obtained in the subsequent fusion. The entire procedure is repeated using 50 μg antigen/mouse to obtain more strongly immunoreactive monoclonal antibodies. [0099]
    • EXAMPLE 11 Analysis of PDE8A Expression by In Situ Hybridization
  • Expression of PDE8A was examined in tissue sections by in situ hybridization as described below. [0100]
  • Preparation of Probe [0101]
  • An Xhol/EcoRI restriction enzyme fragment from the cDNA FB70a (corresponding to nucleotides 571 to 1226 of SEQ ID NO: 1) was subcloned into a Bluescript vector (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) to generate an expression plasmid designated PDE8XR2A. The plasmid was cleaved with Xhol and transcribed (see below) with T3 polymerase to generate an antisense probe. A sense probe was generated by cleaving PDE8XR2A with EcoRI and transcribing with T7 polymerase. The PDE8A templates were transcribed using a RNA Transcription kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) in a reaction containing 5 μl of 5X transcription buffer (Stratagene), 30 mM DTT (Stratagene), 0.8 mM each ATP, CTP, GTP (10 mM (Stratagene), 40 U RNase Block II (Stratagene), 12.5 U T3 or T7 polymerase (Stratagene), and 300 ng linearized plasmid template, 50 μCi [0102] 35S-UTP (greater than 1000 Ci/mmol, Amersham, Arlington Heights, Ill.). The mixture was incubated at 37° C. for one hour after which the template DNA was removed by addition of 1 μl of RNase-free DNase I (Stratagene) and incubation for 15 minutes at 37° C. The probe was hydrolyzed by adding 4 μl 1 M NaHCO3 and 6 μl M Na2CO3 for 22 minutes at 60° C. and the reaction mixture was neutralized by addition of 25 μl of a solution containing 100 μl 3 M sodium acetate, 5 μl acetic acid (VWR, So. Plainfield, N.J.), and 395 μl dH20. A Quick Spin G50 RNA column (5′-3′ Inc., Boulder, Colo.) was prepared according to the manufacturer's suggested protocol. The probe was placed in the center of the column and the column centrifuged for four minutes at 1,000 rpm in a desk top centrifuge. The column flow-through was mixed with 50 μl dH2O, 2 μl of a 10 mg/ml tRNA solution, 10 μl 3 M sodium acetate, and 200 μl 100% ethanol (VWR) and the resulting mixture was incubated at −20° C. overnight. The probe solution was microfuged for 15 minutes at 4° C., the supernatant was removed, and the pellet was resuspended in 40 μl 1X TBE containing 1 μl of 0.1 M DTT. The probe was stored at −70° C. until the in situ hybridization assay was performed.
  • Preparation of Tissue Samples and In Situ Hybridization [0103]
  • Tissues (National Disease Research Interchange, Philadelphia, Pa. and Cooperative Human Tissue Network, Philadelphia, Pa.) were sectioned at 6 μm and placed on Superfrost Plus slides (VWR). Sections were fixed for 20 minutes at 4° C. in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.). The slides were rinsed in three changes of 1X CMF-PBS, dehydrated with three successive washes with 70% ethanol, 95% ethanol and 100% ethanol, and dried for 30 minutes at room temperature. The slides were placed in 70% formamide (J. T. Baker) in 2X SSC for two minutes at 70° C., rinsed in 2X SSC at 4° C., dehydrated through 70%, 95% and 100% ethanol washes, and dried for 30 minutes at room temperature. [0104]
  • A prehybridization step was performed by placing the slides in an airtight box containing a piece of filter paper saturated with box buffer containing 50% formamide (J. T. Baker) in 4X SSC. Each section was covered with 100 μl of rHB2 buffer consisting of 10% dextran sulfate (Sigma), 50% formamide (J. T. Baker, Phillpsburg, N.J.), 100 mM DTT (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, Ind.), 0.3 M NaCl (Sigma), 20 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 5 mM EDTA (Sigma), and 1X Denhardt's solution (Sigma) and the slides were incubated at 42° C. for 1 hour. The probe, as described above, was prepared by mixing 4×10[0105] 5 cpm/tissue section with 5 μl of a 10 mg/ml tRNA solution per section and heating the mixture at 95° C. for three minutes. Ice cold rHB2 buffer was added to bring the final volume to 20 μl/section. The probe-containing solution (20 μl/section) was added to 100 μl rHB2 buffer previously applied. The slides were incubated at 55° C. for 12 to 16 hours. Following hybridization, the slides were washed once in 4X SSC containing 10 mM DTT for one hour at room temperature, once in 50% deionized formamide (J. T. Baker), 1X SSC, and 1 mM DTT for 40 minutes at 60° C., once in 2X SSC for 30 minutes at room temperature; and once in 0.1X SSC for 30 minutes at room temperature. The sections were dehydrated through 70%, 95%, and 100% ethanol washes and air dried for 30 minutes. The slides were dipped in Kodak NTB2 nuclear emulsion, dried for one to three hours at room temperature in the dark and stored in the dark at 4° C. with desiccant until time of development. The slides were developed in 4° C. Kodak Dektol developer for four minutes, dipped four times in 4° C. dH2O, and placed in 4° C. Kodak fixer for four minutes. The slides were rinsed in dH2O and a standard H&E stain was performed as follows.
  • The slides were rinsed in dH[0106] 20O and stained with hematoxylin and eosin by transfer of the slides through a series of the following step: five minutes in formaldehyde/alcohol (100 ml formaldehyde, 900 ml 80% ethanol); three rinses in water for a total of two minutes; five minutes in 0.75% Harris hematoxylin (Sigma); three rinses in water for a total of two minutes; one dip in 1% HCl/50% ethanol; one rinse in water; four dips in 1% lithium carbonate; ten minutes in tap water; two minutes in 0.5% eosin (Sigma); three rinses in water for a total of two minutes; two minutes in 70% ethanol; three one minute rinses in 95% ethanol; two one minute rinses in 100% ethanol; and two two minutes rinses in xylene. Slides were mounted with cytoseal 60 (Stephens Scientific, Riverdale, N.J.).
  • The signals obtained with an antisense PDE8A probe were compared to the control signals generated by a sense PDE8A probe and any signal specific to the antisense probe was assumed to represent PDE8A expression. PDE8A signal was detected throughout much of the cerebellum, in a subset of cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, on scattered cells of yet undetermined origin in skeletal muscle, in granulosa cells and ovarian stroma in the ovary, in epithelial cells in the loop of Henle in the kidney and on the smooth muscle of some arterioles in the heart. [0107]
  • These results differ from those obtained by Northern blotting and described in Example 6 in that a moderate signal was detected in heart by Northern blot while the in situ data using this heart sample gave a weak signal. The inconsistency could reflect differences in the tissues from different individuals or level of detection differences inherent in the two methods. The signal in the ovary and the signal in the kidney may indicate that PDE8A is involved in ovulation or in salt and/or water homeostasis, respectively. [0108]
  • Numerous modifications and variations in the invention as set forth in the above illustrative examples are expected to occur to those skilled in the art. Consequently only such limitations as appear in the appended claims should be placed on the invention. [0109]
  • 0
    SEQUENCE LISTING
    <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 48
    <210> SEQ ID NO 1
    <211> LENGTH: 2298
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: CDS
    <222> LOCATION: (1)..(2298)
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (868)..(870)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid encoded by nucleotides 868-870
    is either Pro or Leu
    <400> SEQUENCE: 1
    ttg aca gat gaa aaa gtg aag gca tat ctt tct ctt cac ccc cag gta 48
    Leu Thr Asp Glu Lys Val Lys Ala Tyr Leu Ser Leu His Pro Gln Val
    1 5 10 15
    tta gat gaa ttt gta tct gaa agt gtt agt gca gag aca gta gag aaa 96
    Leu Asp Glu Phe Val Ser Glu Ser Val Ser Ala Glu Thr Val Glu Lys
    20 25 30
    tgg ctg aag agg aag aac aac aaa tca gaa gat gaa tcg gct cct aag 144
    Trp Leu Lys Arg Lys Asn Asn Lys Ser Glu Asp Glu Ser Ala Pro Lys
    35 40 45
    gaa gtc agc agg tac caa gat acg aat atg cag gga gtt gta tat gaa 192
    Glu Val Ser Arg Tyr Gln Asp Thr Asn Met Gln Gly Val Val Tyr Glu
    50 55 60
    cta aac agc tat ata gaa caa cgg ttg gac aca gga gga gac aac cag 240
    Leu Asn Ser Tyr Ile Glu Gln Arg Leu Asp Thr Gly Gly Asp Asn Gln
    65 70 75 80
    cta ctc ctc tat gaa ctg agc agc atc att aaa ata gcc aca aaa gcc 288
    Leu Leu Leu Tyr Glu Leu Ser Ser Ile Ile Lys Ile Ala Thr Lys Ala
    85 90 95
    gat gga ttt gca ctg tat ttc ctt gga gag tgc aat aat agc ctg tgt 336
    Asp Gly Phe Ala Leu Tyr Phe Leu Gly Glu Cys Asn Asn Ser Leu Cys
    100 105 110
    ata ttc acg cca cct ggg ata aag gaa gga aaa ccc cgc ctc atc cct 384
    Ile Phe Thr Pro Pro Gly Ile Lys Glu Gly Lys Pro Arg Leu Ile Pro
    115 120 125
    gct ggg ccc atc act cag ggc acc acc gtc tct gct tat gtg gcc aag 432
    Ala Gly Pro Ile Thr Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Ser Ala Tyr Val Ala Lys
    130 135 140
    tcc agg aaa aca ctg cta gta gaa gac atc ctt gga gat gaa cga ttt 480
    Ser Arg Lys Thr Leu Leu Val Glu Asp Ile Leu Gly Asp Glu Arg Phe
    145 150 155 160
    cca aga ggt act gga ctg gaa tca ggg act cgt atc cag tct gtt ctt 528
    Pro Arg Gly Thr Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Thr Arg Ile Gln Ser Val Leu
    165 170 175
    tgc tta cca att gtc act gca att ggt gac ttg att ggt att ctc gag 576
    Cys Leu Pro Ile Val Thr Ala Ile Gly Asp Leu Ile Gly Ile Leu Glu
    180 185 190
    ctg tat cgg cac tgg ggc aaa gaa gcc ttc tgt ctt agt cac cag gag 624
    Leu Tyr Arg His Trp Gly Lys Glu Ala Phe Cys Leu Ser His Gln Glu
    195 200 205
    gtt gca aca gca aat ctt gcc tgg gct tca gta gca ata cat cag gtg 672
    Val Ala Thr Ala Asn Leu Ala Trp Ala Ser Val Ala Ile His Gln Val
    210 215 220
    cag gta tgc aga ggc ctt gcc aaa cag aca gaa ttg aat gac ttc cta 720
    Gln Val Cys Arg Gly Leu Ala Lys Gln Thr Glu Leu Asn Asp Phe Leu
    225 230 235 240
    ctc gac gta tca aaa aca tat ttt gat aac ata gtt gca ata gat tct 768
    Leu Asp Val Ser Lys Thr Tyr Phe Asp Asn Ile Val Ala Ile Asp Ser
    245 250 255
    cta ctt gaa cac ata atg ata tat gca aaa aac ctg gtg aat gcc gat 816
    Leu Leu Glu His Ile Met Ile Tyr Ala Lys Asn Leu Val Asn Ala Asp
    260 265 270
    cgt tgt gca ctt ttc cag gtg gac cat aag aac aag gag tta tat tca 864
    Arg Cys Ala Leu Phe Gln Val Asp His Lys Asn Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser
    275 280 285
    gac cyt ttt gat att gga gag gaa aag gaa gga aaa cct gtc ttc aag 912
    Asp Xaa Phe Asp Ile Gly Glu Glu Lys Glu Gly Lys Pro Val Phe Lys
    290 295 300
    aag acc aaa gag ata aga ttt tca att gag aaa gga att gct ggc caa 960
    Lys Thr Lys Glu Ile Arg Phe Ser Ile Glu Lys Gly Ile Ala Gly Gln
    305 310 315 320
    gta gca aga aca ggg gaa gtc ctg aac att cca gat gcc tat gca gac 1008
    Val Ala Arg Thr Gly Glu Val Leu Asn Ile Pro Asp Ala Tyr Ala Asp
    325 330 335
    cca cgc ttt aac aga gaa gta gac ttg tac aca ggc tac acc acg cgg 1056
    Pro Arg Phe Asn Arg Glu Val Asp Leu Tyr Thr Gly Tyr Thr Thr Arg
    340 345 350
    aac atc ctg tgc atg ccc atc gtc agc cga ggc agc gtg ata ggt gtg 1104
    Asn Ile Leu Cys Met Pro Ile Val Ser Arg Gly Ser Val Ile Gly Val
    355 360 365
    gtg cag atg gtc aac aaa atc agt ggc agt gcc ttc tct aaa aca gat 1152
    Val Gln Met Val Asn Lys Ile Ser Gly Ser Ala Phe Ser Lys Thr Asp
    370 375 380
    gaa aac aac ttc aaa atg ttt gcc gtc ttt tgt gct tta gcc tta cac 1200
    Glu Asn Asn Phe Lys Met Phe Ala Val Phe Cys Ala Leu Ala Leu His
    385 390 395 400
    tgt gct aat atg tat cat aga att cgc cac tca gag tgc att tac cgg 1248
    Cys Ala Asn Met Tyr His Arg Ile Arg His Ser Glu Cys Ile Tyr Arg
    405 410 415
    gta acg atg gaa aag ctg tcc tac cat agc att tgt act tca gaa gag 1296
    Val Thr Met Glu Lys Leu Ser Tyr His Ser Ile Cys Thr Ser Glu Glu
    420 425 430
    tgg caa ggt ctc atg caa ttc acc ctt ccc gtg cgt ctc tgc aaa gaa 1344
    Trp Gln Gly Leu Met Gln Phe Thr Leu Pro Val Arg Leu Cys Lys Glu
    435 440 445
    att gaa tta ttc cac ttt gac att ggt cct ttt gaa aac atg tgg cct 1392
    Ile Glu Leu Phe His Phe Asp Ile Gly Pro Phe Glu Asn Met Trp Pro
    450 455 460
    gga att ttt gtc tac atg gtt cat cgg tcc tgt ggg aca tcc tgc ttt 1440
    Gly Ile Phe Val Tyr Met Val His Arg Ser Cys Gly Thr Ser Cys Phe
    465 470 475 480
    gag ctt gaa aag ttg tgt cgt ttt att atg tct gtg aag aag aac tat 1488
    Glu Leu Glu Lys Leu Cys Arg Phe Ile Met Ser Val Lys Lys Asn Tyr
    485 490 495
    cgg cgg gtt cct tat cac aac tgg aag cat gcg gtc act gta gca cac 1536
    Arg Arg Val Pro Tyr His Asn Trp Lys His Ala Val Thr Val Ala His
    500 505 510
    tgc atg tat gcc ata ctt cag aac aat cac acg ctt ttc aca gac ctt 1584
    Cys Met Tyr Ala Ile Leu Gln Asn Asn His Thr Leu Phe Thr Asp Leu
    515 520 525
    gag cgc aaa gga ctg ctg att gcg tgt ctg tgt cat gac ctg gac cac 1632
    Glu Arg Lys Gly Leu Leu Ile Ala Cys Leu Cys His Asp Leu Asp His
    530 535 540
    agg ggc ttc agt aac agc tac ctg cag aag ttc gac cac cct ctg gcc 1680
    Arg Gly Phe Ser Asn Ser Tyr Leu Gln Lys Phe Asp His Pro Leu Ala
    545 550 555 560
    gct ctc tac tcc act tcc acc atg gag cag cac cac ttc tcc cag act 1728
    Ala Leu Tyr Ser Thr Ser Thr Met Glu Gln His His Phe Ser Gln Thr
    565 570 575
    gtg tcc atc ctc cag ttg gaa ggg cac aat atc ttc tcc act ctg agc 1776
    Val Ser Ile Leu Gln Leu Glu Gly His Asn Ile Phe Ser Thr Leu Ser
    580 585 590
    tcc agt gaa tat gag cag gtg ctt gag atc atc cgc aaa gcc atc att 1824
    Ser Ser Glu Tyr Glu Gln Val Leu Glu Ile Ile Arg Lys Ala Ile Ile
    595 600 605
    gcc aca gac ctt gct tta tac ttt gga aac agg aag cag ttg gaa gag 1872
    Ala Thr Asp Leu Ala Leu Tyr Phe Gly Asn Arg Lys Gln Leu Glu Glu
    610 615 620
    atg tac cag acc gga tca cta aac ctt aat aat caa tca cat aga gac 1920
    Met Tyr Gln Thr Gly Ser Leu Asn Leu Asn Asn Gln Ser His Arg Asp
    625 630 635 640
    cgt gta att ggt ttg atg atg act gcc tgt gac ctt tgt tct gtg aca 1968
    Arg Val Ile Gly Leu Met Met Thr Ala Cys Asp Leu Cys Ser Val Thr
    645 650 655
    aaa ctg tgg ccc gtt aca aaa ttg acg gca aat gat ata tat gca gaa 2016
    Lys Leu Trp Pro Val Thr Lys Leu Thr Ala Asn Asp Ile Tyr Ala Glu
    660 665 670
    ttc tgg gct gag ggt gat gaa atg aag aaa ttg gga ata cag cct att 2064
    Phe Trp Ala Glu Gly Asp Glu Met Lys Lys Leu Gly Ile Gln Pro Ile
    675 680 685
    cct atg atg gac aga gac aag aag gat gaa gtc ccc caa ggc cag ctt 2112
    Pro Met Met Asp Arg Asp Lys Lys Asp Glu Val Pro Gln Gly Gln Leu
    690 695 700
    ggg ttc tac aat gcc gtg gcc att ccc tgc tat aca acc ctt acc cag 2160
    Gly Phe Tyr Asn Ala Val Ala Ile Pro Cys Tyr Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln
    705 710 715 720
    atc ctc cct ccc acg gag cct ctt ctg aaa gca tgc agg gat aat ctc 2208
    Ile Leu Pro Pro Thr Glu Pro Leu Leu Lys Ala Cys Arg Asp Asn Leu
    725 730 735
    agt cag tgg gag aag gtg att cga ggg gag gag act gca acc tgg att 2256
    Ser Gln Trp Glu Lys Val Ile Arg Gly Glu Glu Thr Ala Thr Trp Ile
    740 745 750
    tca tcc cca tcc gtg gct cag aag gca gct gca tct gaa gat 2298
    Ser Ser Pro Ser Val Ala Gln Lys Ala Ala Ala Ser Glu Asp
    755 760 765
    <210> SEQ ID NO 2
    <211> LENGTH: 766
    <212> TYPE: PRT
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (290)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is either Pro or Leu
    <400> SEQUENCE: 2
    Leu Thr Asp Glu Lys Val Lys Ala Tyr Leu Ser Leu His Pro Gln Val
    1 5 10 15
    Leu Asp Glu Phe Val Ser Glu Ser Val Ser Ala Glu Thr Val Glu Lys
    20 25 30
    Trp Leu Lys Arg Lys Asn Asn Lys Ser Glu Asp Glu Ser Ala Pro Lys
    35 40 45
    Glu Val Ser Arg Tyr Gln Asp Thr Asn Met Gln Gly Val Val Tyr Glu
    50 55 60
    Leu Asn Ser Tyr Ile Glu Gln Arg Leu Asp Thr Gly Gly Asp Asn Gln
    65 70 75 80
    Leu Leu Leu Tyr Glu Leu Ser Ser Ile Ile Lys Ile Ala Thr Lys Ala
    85 90 95
    Asp Gly Phe Ala Leu Tyr Phe Leu Gly Glu Cys Asn Asn Ser Leu Cys
    100 105 110
    Ile Phe Thr Pro Pro Gly Ile Lys Glu Gly Lys Pro Arg Leu Ile Pro
    115 120 125
    Ala Gly Pro Ile Thr Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Ser Ala Tyr Val Ala Lys
    130 135 140
    Ser Arg Lys Thr Leu Leu Val Glu Asp Ile Leu Gly Asp Glu Arg Phe
    145 150 155 160
    Pro Arg Gly Thr Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Thr Arg Ile Gln Ser Val Leu
    165 170 175
    Cys Leu Pro Ile Val Thr Ala Ile Gly Asp Leu Ile Gly Ile Leu Glu
    180 185 190
    Leu Tyr Arg His Trp Gly Lys Glu Ala Phe Cys Leu Ser His Gln Glu
    195 200 205
    Val Ala Thr Ala Asn Leu Ala Trp Ala Ser Val Ala Ile His Gln Val
    210 215 220
    Gln Val Cys Arg Gly Leu Ala Lys Gln Thr Glu Leu Asn Asp Phe Leu
    225 230 235 240
    Leu Asp Val Ser Lys Thr Tyr Phe Asp Asn Ile Val Ala Ile Asp Ser
    245 250 255
    Leu Leu Glu His Ile Met Ile Tyr Ala Lys Asn Leu Val Asn Ala Asp
    260 265 270
    Arg Cys Ala Leu Phe Gln Val Asp His Lys Asn Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser
    275 280 285
    Asp Xaa Phe Asp Ile Gly Glu Glu Lys Glu Gly Lys Pro Val Phe Lys
    290 295 300
    Lys Thr Lys Glu Ile Arg Phe Ser Ile Glu Lys Gly Ile Ala Gly Gln
    305 310 315 320
    Val Ala Arg Thr Gly Glu Val Leu Asn Ile Pro Asp Ala Tyr Ala Asp
    325 330 335
    Pro Arg Phe Asn Arg Glu Val Asp Leu Tyr Thr Gly Tyr Thr Thr Arg
    340 345 350
    Asn Ile Leu Cys Met Pro Ile Val Ser Arg Gly Ser Val Ile Gly Val
    355 360 365
    Val Gln Met Val Asn Lys Ile Ser Gly Ser Ala Phe Ser Lys Thr Asp
    370 375 380
    Glu Asn Asn Phe Lys Met Phe Ala Val Phe Cys Ala Leu Ala Leu His
    385 390 395 400
    Cys Ala Asn Met Tyr His Arg Ile Arg His Ser Glu Cys Ile Tyr Arg
    405 410 415
    Val Thr Met Glu Lys Leu Ser Tyr His Ser Ile Cys Thr Ser Glu Glu
    420 425 430
    Trp Gln Gly Leu Met Gln Phe Thr Leu Pro Val Arg Leu Cys Lys Glu
    435 440 445
    Ile Glu Leu Phe His Phe Asp Ile Gly Pro Phe Glu Asn Met Trp Pro
    450 455 460
    Gly Ile Phe Val Tyr Met Val His Arg Ser Cys Gly Thr Ser Cys Phe
    465 470 475 480
    Glu Leu Glu Lys Leu Cys Arg Phe Ile Met Ser Val Lys Lys Asn Tyr
    485 490 495
    Arg Arg Val Pro Tyr His Asn Trp Lys His Ala Val Thr Val Ala His
    500 505 510
    Cys Met Tyr Ala Ile Leu Gln Asn Asn His Thr Leu Phe Thr Asp Leu
    515 520 525
    Glu Arg Lys Gly Leu Leu Ile Ala Cys Leu Cys His Asp Leu Asp His
    530 535 540
    Arg Gly Phe Ser Asn Ser Tyr Leu Gln Lys Phe Asp His Pro Leu Ala
    545 550 555 560
    Ala Leu Tyr Ser Thr Ser Thr Met Glu Gln His His Phe Ser Gln Thr
    565 570 575
    Val Ser Ile Leu Gln Leu Glu Gly His Asn Ile Phe Ser Thr Leu Ser
    580 585 590
    Ser Ser Glu Tyr Glu Gln Val Leu Glu Ile Ile Arg Lys Ala Ile Ile
    595 600 605
    Ala Thr Asp Leu Ala Leu Tyr Phe Gly Asn Arg Lys Gln Leu Glu Glu
    610 615 620
    Met Tyr Gln Thr Gly Ser Leu Asn Leu Asn Asn Gln Ser His Arg Asp
    625 630 635 640
    Arg Val Ile Gly Leu Met Met Thr Ala Cys Asp Leu Cys Ser Val Thr
    645 650 655
    Lys Leu Trp Pro Val Thr Lys Leu Thr Ala Asn Asp Ile Tyr Ala Glu
    660 665 670
    Phe Trp Ala Glu Gly Asp Glu Met Lys Lys Leu Gly Ile Gln Pro Ile
    675 680 685
    Pro Met Met Asp Arg Asp Lys Lys Asp Glu Val Pro Gln Gly Gln Leu
    690 695 700
    Gly Phe Tyr Asn Ala Val Ala Ile Pro Cys Tyr Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln
    705 710 715 720
    Ile Leu Pro Pro Thr Glu Pro Leu Leu Lys Ala Cys Arg Asp Asn Leu
    725 730 735
    Ser Gln Trp Glu Lys Val Ile Arg Gly Glu Glu Thr Ala Thr Trp Ile
    740 745 750
    Ser Ser Pro Ser Val Ala Gln Lys Ala Ala Ala Ser Glu Asp
    755 760 765
    <210> SEQ ID NO 3
    <211> LENGTH: 4389
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: CDS
    <222> LOCATION: (3)..(2411)
    <400> SEQUENCE: 3
    gc ttc gcc ctc gcc gcc gcg gcc gcg ctg ctc ttc ggc tcc gac atg 47
    Phe Ala Leu Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Leu Leu Phe Gly Ser Asp Met
    1 5 10 15
    gaa gat gga cct tct aat aat gcg agc tgc ttc cga agg ctg acc gag 95
    Glu Asp Gly Pro Ser Asn Asn Ala Ser Cys Phe Arg Arg Leu Thr Glu
    20 25 30
    tgc ttc ctg agc ccc agt ttg aca gat gaa aaa gtg aag gca tat ctt 143
    Cys Phe Leu Ser Pro Ser Leu Thr Asp Glu Lys Val Lys Ala Tyr Leu
    35 40 45
    tct ctt cac ccc cag gta tta gat gaa ttt gta tct gaa agt gtt agt 191
    Ser Leu His Pro Gln Val Leu Asp Glu Phe Val Ser Glu Ser Val Ser
    50 55 60
    gca gag aca gta gag aaa tgg ctg aag agg aag aac aac aaa tca gaa 239
    Ala Glu Thr Val Glu Lys Trp Leu Lys Arg Lys Asn Asn Lys Ser Glu
    65 70 75
    gat gaa tcg gct cct aag gaa gtc agc agg tac caa gat acg aat atg 287
    Asp Glu Ser Ala Pro Lys Glu Val Ser Arg Tyr Gln Asp Thr Asn Met
    80 85 90 95
    cag gga gtt gta tat gaa cta aac agc tat ata gaa caa cgg ttg gac 335
    Gln Gly Val Val Tyr Glu Leu Asn Ser Tyr Ile Glu Gln Arg Leu Asp
    100 105 110
    aca gga gga gac aac cag cta ctc ctc tat gaa ctg agc agc atc att 383
    Thr Gly Gly Asp Asn Gln Leu Leu Leu Tyr Glu Leu Ser Ser Ile Ile
    115 120 125
    aaa ata gcc aca aaa gcc gat gga ttt gca ctg tat ttc ctt gga gag 431
    Lys Ile Ala Thr Lys Ala Asp Gly Phe Ala Leu Tyr Phe Leu Gly Glu
    130 135 140
    tgc aat aat agc ctg tgt ata ttc acg cca cct ggg ata aag gaa gga 479
    Cys Asn Asn Ser Leu Cys Ile Phe Thr Pro Pro Gly Ile Lys Glu Gly
    145 150 155
    aaa ccc cgc ctc atc cct gct ggg ccc atc act cag ggc acc acc gtc 527
    Lys Pro Arg Leu Ile Pro Ala Gly Pro Ile Thr Gln Gly Thr Thr Val
    160 165 170 175
    tct gct tat gtg gcc aag tcc agg aaa aca ctg cta gta gaa gac atc 575
    Ser Ala Tyr Val Ala Lys Ser Arg Lys Thr Leu Leu Val Glu Asp Ile
    180 185 190
    ctt gga gat gaa cga ttt cca aga ggt act gga ctg gaa tca ggg act 623
    Leu Gly Asp Glu Arg Phe Pro Arg Gly Thr Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Thr
    195 200 205
    cgt atc cag tct gtt ctt tgc tta cca att gtc act gca att ggt gac 671
    Arg Ile Gln Ser Val Leu Cys Leu Pro Ile Val Thr Ala Ile Gly Asp
    210 215 220
    ttg att ggt att ctc gag ctg tat cgg cac tgg ggc aaa gaa gcc ttc 719
    Leu Ile Gly Ile Leu Glu Leu Tyr Arg His Trp Gly Lys Glu Ala Phe
    225 230 235
    tgt ctt agt cac cag gag gtt gca aca gca aat ctt gcc tgg gct tca 767
    Cys Leu Ser His Gln Glu Val Ala Thr Ala Asn Leu Ala Trp Ala Ser
    240 245 250 255
    gta gca ata cat cag gtg cag gta tgc aga ggc ctt gcc aaa cag aca 815
    Val Ala Ile His Gln Val Gln Val Cys Arg Gly Leu Ala Lys Gln Thr
    260 265 270
    gaa ttg aat gac ttc cta ctc gac gta tca aaa aca tat ttt gat aac 863
    Glu Leu Asn Asp Phe Leu Leu Asp Val Ser Lys Thr Tyr Phe Asp Asn
    275 280 285
    ata gtt gca ata gat tct cta ctt gaa cac ata atg ata tat gca aaa 911
    Ile Val Ala Ile Asp Ser Leu Leu Glu His Ile Met Ile Tyr Ala Lys
    290 295 300
    aac ctg gtg aat gcc gat cgt tgt gca ctt ttc cag gtg gac cat aag 959
    Asn Leu Val Asn Ala Asp Arg Cys Ala Leu Phe Gln Val Asp His Lys
    305 310 315
    aac aag gag tta tat tca gac cct ttt gat att gga gag gaa aag gaa 1007
    Asn Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser Asp Pro Phe Asp Ile Gly Glu Glu Lys Glu
    320 325 330 335
    gga aaa cct gtc ttc aag aag acc aaa gag ata aga ttt tca att gag 1055
    Gly Lys Pro Val Phe Lys Lys Thr Lys Glu Ile Arg Phe Ser Ile Glu
    340 345 350
    aaa gga att gct ggc caa gta gca aga aca ggg gaa gtc ctg aac att 1103
    Lys Gly Ile Ala Gly Gln Val Ala Arg Thr Gly Glu Val Leu Asn Ile
    355 360 365
    cca gat gcc tat gca gac cca cgc ttt aac aga gaa gta gac ttg tac 1151
    Pro Asp Ala Tyr Ala Asp Pro Arg Phe Asn Arg Glu Val Asp Leu Tyr
    370 375 380
    aca ggc tac acc acg cgg aac atc ctg tgc atg ccc atc gtc agc cga 1199
    Thr Gly Tyr Thr Thr Arg Asn Ile Leu Cys Met Pro Ile Val Ser Arg
    385 390 395
    ggc agc gtg ata ggt gtg gtg cag atg gtc aac aaa atc agt ggc agt 1247
    Gly Ser Val Ile Gly Val Val Gln Met Val Asn Lys Ile Ser Gly Ser
    400 405 410 415
    gcc ttc tct aaa aca gat gaa aac aac ttc aaa atg ttt gcc gtc ttt 1295
    Ala Phe Ser Lys Thr Asp Glu Asn Asn Phe Lys Met Phe Ala Val Phe
    420 425 430
    tgt gct tta gcc tta cac tgt gct aat atg tat cat aga att cgc cac 1343
    Cys Ala Leu Ala Leu His Cys Ala Asn Met Tyr His Arg Ile Arg His
    435 440 445
    tca gag tgc att tac cgg gta acg atg gaa aag ctg tcc tac cat agc 1391
    Ser Glu Cys Ile Tyr Arg Val Thr Met Glu Lys Leu Ser Tyr His Ser
    450 455 460
    att tgt act tca gaa gag tgg caa ggt ctc atg caa ttc acc ctt ccc 1439
    Ile Cys Thr Ser Glu Glu Trp Gln Gly Leu Met Gln Phe Thr Leu Pro
    465 470 475
    gtg cgt ctc tgc aaa gaa att gaa tta ttc cac ttt gac att ggt cct 1487
    Val Arg Leu Cys Lys Glu Ile Glu Leu Phe His Phe Asp Ile Gly Pro
    480 485 490 495
    ttt gaa aac atg tgg cct gga att ttt gtc tac atg gtt cat cgg tcc 1535
    Phe Glu Asn Met Trp Pro Gly Ile Phe Val Tyr Met Val His Arg Ser
    500 505 510
    tgt ggg aca tcc tgc ttt gag ctt gaa aag ttg tgt cgt ttt att atg 1583
    Cys Gly Thr Ser Cys Phe Glu Leu Glu Lys Leu Cys Arg Phe Ile Met
    515 520 525
    tct gtg aag aag aac tat cgg cgg gtt cct tat cac aac tgg aag cat 1631
    Ser Val Lys Lys Asn Tyr Arg Arg Val Pro Tyr His Asn Trp Lys His
    530 535 540
    gcg gtc act gta gca cac tgc atg tat gcc ata ctt cag aac aat cac 1679
    Ala Val Thr Val Ala His Cys Met Tyr Ala Ile Leu Gln Asn Asn His
    545 550 555
    acg ctt ttc aca gac ctt gag cgc aaa gga ctg ctg att gcg tgt ctg 1727
    Thr Leu Phe Thr Asp Leu Glu Arg Lys Gly Leu Leu Ile Ala Cys Leu
    560 565 570 575
    tgt cat gac ctg gac cac agg ggc ttc agt aac agc tac ctg cag aag 1775
    Cys His Asp Leu Asp His Arg Gly Phe Ser Asn Ser Tyr Leu Gln Lys
    580 585 590
    ttc gac cac cct ctg gcc gct ctc tac tcc act tcc acc atg gag cag 1823
    Phe Asp His Pro Leu Ala Ala Leu Tyr Ser Thr Ser Thr Met Glu Gln
    595 600 605
    cac cac ttc tcc cag act gtg tcc atc ctc cag ttg gaa ggg cac aat 1871
    His His Phe Ser Gln Thr Val Ser Ile Leu Gln Leu Glu Gly His Asn
    610 615 620
    atc ttc tcc act ctg agc tcc agt gaa tat gag cag gtg ctt gag atc 1919
    Ile Phe Ser Thr Leu Ser Ser Ser Glu Tyr Glu Gln Val Leu Glu Ile
    625 630 635
    atc cgc aaa gcc atc att gcc aca gac ctt gct tta tac ttt gga aac 1967
    Ile Arg Lys Ala Ile Ile Ala Thr Asp Leu Ala Leu Tyr Phe Gly Asn
    640 645 650 655
    agg aag cag ttg gaa gag atg tac cag acc gga tca cta aac ctt aat 2015
    Arg Lys Gln Leu Glu Glu Met Tyr Gln Thr Gly Ser Leu Asn Leu Asn
    660 665 670
    aat caa tca cat aga gac cgt gta att ggt ttg atg atg act gcc tgt 2063
    Asn Gln Ser His Arg Asp Arg Val Ile Gly Leu Met Met Thr Ala Cys
    675 680 685
    gac ctt tgt tct gtg aca aaa ctg tgg ccc gtt aca aaa ttg acg gca 2111
    Asp Leu Cys Ser Val Thr Lys Leu Trp Pro Val Thr Lys Leu Thr Ala
    690 695 700
    aat gat ata tat gca gaa ttc tgg gct gag ggt gat gaa atg aag aaa 2159
    Asn Asp Ile Tyr Ala Glu Phe Trp Ala Glu Gly Asp Glu Met Lys Lys
    705 710 715
    ttg gga ata cag cct att cct atg atg gac aga gac aag aag gat gaa 2207
    Leu Gly Ile Gln Pro Ile Pro Met Met Asp Arg Asp Lys Lys Asp Glu
    720 725 730 735
    gtc ccc caa ggc cag ctt ggg ttc tac aat gcc gtg gcc att ccc tgc 2255
    Val Pro Gln Gly Gln Leu Gly Phe Tyr Asn Ala Val Ala Ile Pro Cys
    740 745 750
    tat aca acc ctt acc cag atc ctc cct ccc acg gag cct ctt ctg aaa 2303
    Tyr Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ile Leu Pro Pro Thr Glu Pro Leu Leu Lys
    755 760 765
    gca tgc agg gat aat ctc agt cag tgg gag aag gtg att cga ggg gag 2351
    Ala Cys Arg Asp Asn Leu Ser Gln Trp Glu Lys Val Ile Arg Gly Glu
    770 775 780
    gag act gca acc tgg att tca tcc cca tcc gtg gct cag aag gca gct 2399
    Glu Thr Ala Thr Trp Ile Ser Ser Pro Ser Val Ala Gln Lys Ala Ala
    785 790 795
    gca tct gaa gat tgagcactgg tcaccctgac acgctgtccc acctacagat 2451
    Ala Ser Glu Asp
    800
    cctcatcttg cttctttgac attcttttcc tttttttggg gggggtgggg ggaacctgca 2511
    cctggtaact ggggtgcaaa cctcttcaag aaggtaacat caaataaata agtcaagcag 2571
    aggacttcct gccaatctct tctgtgaggc atcatagaca ctgagcaacc aggaccaccc 2631
    ccacgttcag aaatcagctg gccaagtgac tccatttgac ttgcaaacca gccttttcta 2691
    ataggctaat attgctgagg ccttaaagga aatggacaaa aattatccag aaggggtact 2751
    tttccattgt atctttctaa taagggttta aaatggtact attatggtat tgtacttggg 2811
    ctttaacatc aatgttgctt tgatgttgtt ggatataaat aggaattttt acacattact 2871
    attgtgaatg gtgaatgttc atgtatgacc tacttgtaat taacttgagt tgtagtccac 2931
    agcctcagga caaatgtcgt tgaggttaca gagtaagaaa tgatggcaaa acgtcaaact 2991
    cttatttcag agcttcatga atttagttag actaaacata attctttaag ttcaacctaa 3051
    agggctgaga tcaataaatt taacactaga cgaagtagac ttcctgtctt tttgagaaga 3111
    gatgaggtat atgttacaat aaatctcaga acttcaagta gcagttcaaa agatgtcagt 3171
    ttttaaaatt gtttttgttg ttgtcttggc agttttactg aaccctttgc ataaagaaca 3231
    aaataaaagc tcggcattgt aattttttta atggacaagt cttatggata cgaagggtac 3291
    atttttcata atgattcctt tatattttca ctttgtgtca ttgcagaatt ttagactctc 3351
    attcacaatg aaaagtttat tttaaacatt gtttaattaa aataccatac agttctcttt 3411
    taaacatcaa accataaaaa gtgtattttg taattttact ctgacctgcc gcagtcacct 3471
    ctcacttatc tcttccacgt actgcacggt cgtatttcat gagctttctg tccatagcac 3531
    agaaacagag cagaaagtag tacaatcatg ttggaccttc tttctgttct ctttactctt 3591
    ctcacagatc agatcactcc atagaagcct gtgggtttcg atggtttctt ctatacacct 3651
    ttttggttga ccagtattac tatacaatgt aagtgtttta aaaaatacga aagtaatact 3711
    ctgcacccct tcctacaaag atgataaagc agtcacttct ggcgcatttt aataatttaa 3771
    agatttttag tgcaatggca cggtaacctc caaacctgaa ttagacagag actcactcag 3831
    gaagtgacag gcccatcata tcaaataact tattcacttt tcatgtggca ggaaactgga 3891
    atatcgcttt taataaaatg gaaaaatatg cttctacata tttaccacca taggcgtttt 3951
    gttcatatga gcctggtttg tgcaaaatta aatcagaggc ttctacaaca tggtttattt 4011
    atgttgtagc aaagttggct ctacataaac attgttctta ttttaaaatt aacactatgt 4071
    gttcagtttt cttgtgggct tctgaaagtt gccatcttcc ctccgtggag ctccatttgc 4131
    tattttcatt atacactatg aggtaaaatg taataacaaa agagagagaa gtaccactgt 4191
    ggctagatat atacacacac atatatatat ggatggatgt aatatatgta gaacacacac 4251
    atagatgtat ataggataca cactcatgta tgtaaacgta tacatatgtg tatatatgat 4311
    acatacacat acacacacac gagagacaga aggaaagaga ggaagagaga agcaaacatg 4371
    taggaaaaaa tataaatc 4389
    <210> SEQ ID NO 4
    <211> LENGTH: 803
    <212> TYPE: PRT
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <400> SEQUENCE: 4
    Phe Ala Leu Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Leu Leu Phe Gly Ser Asp Met Glu
    1 5 10 15
    Asp Gly Pro Ser Asn Asn Ala Ser Cys Phe Arg Arg Leu Thr Glu Cys
    20 25 30
    Phe Leu Ser Pro Ser Leu Thr Asp Glu Lys Val Lys Ala Tyr Leu Ser
    35 40 45
    Leu His Pro Gln Val Leu Asp Glu Phe Val Ser Glu Ser Val Ser Ala
    50 55 60
    Glu Thr Val Glu Lys Trp Leu Lys Arg Lys Asn Asn Lys Ser Glu Asp
    65 70 75 80
    Glu Ser Ala Pro Lys Glu Val Ser Arg Tyr Gln Asp Thr Asn Met Gln
    85 90 95
    Gly Val Val Tyr Glu Leu Asn Ser Tyr Ile Glu Gln Arg Leu Asp Thr
    100 105 110
    Gly Gly Asp Asn Gln Leu Leu Leu Tyr Glu Leu Ser Ser Ile Ile Lys
    115 120 125
    Ile Ala Thr Lys Ala Asp Gly Phe Ala Leu Tyr Phe Leu Gly Glu Cys
    130 135 140
    Asn Asn Ser Leu Cys Ile Phe Thr Pro Pro Gly Ile Lys Glu Gly Lys
    145 150 155 160
    Pro Arg Leu Ile Pro Ala Gly Pro Ile Thr Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Ser
    165 170 175
    Ala Tyr Val Ala Lys Ser Arg Lys Thr Leu Leu Val Glu Asp Ile Leu
    180 185 190
    Gly Asp Glu Arg Phe Pro Arg Gly Thr Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Thr Arg
    195 200 205
    Ile Gln Ser Val Leu Cys Leu Pro Ile Val Thr Ala Ile Gly Asp Leu
    210 215 220
    Ile Gly Ile Leu Glu Leu Tyr Arg His Trp Gly Lys Glu Ala Phe Cys
    225 230 235 240
    Leu Ser His Gln Glu Val Ala Thr Ala Asn Leu Ala Trp Ala Ser Val
    245 250 255
    Ala Ile His Gln Val Gln Val Cys Arg Gly Leu Ala Lys Gln Thr Glu
    260 265 270
    Leu Asn Asp Phe Leu Leu Asp Val Ser Lys Thr Tyr Phe Asp Asn Ile
    275 280 285
    Val Ala Ile Asp Ser Leu Leu Glu His Ile Met Ile Tyr Ala Lys Asn
    290 295 300
    Leu Val Asn Ala Asp Arg Cys Ala Leu Phe Gln Val Asp His Lys Asn
    305 310 315 320
    Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser Asp Pro Phe Asp Ile Gly Glu Glu Lys Glu Gly
    325 330 335
    Lys Pro Val Phe Lys Lys Thr Lys Glu Ile Arg Phe Ser Ile Glu Lys
    340 345 350
    Gly Ile Ala Gly Gln Val Ala Arg Thr Gly Glu Val Leu Asn Ile Pro
    355 360 365
    Asp Ala Tyr Ala Asp Pro Arg Phe Asn Arg Glu Val Asp Leu Tyr Thr
    370 375 380
    Gly Tyr Thr Thr Arg Asn Ile Leu Cys Met Pro Ile Val Ser Arg Gly
    385 390 395 400
    Ser Val Ile Gly Val Val Gln Met Val Asn Lys Ile Ser Gly Ser Ala
    405 410 415
    Phe Ser Lys Thr Asp Glu Asn Asn Phe Lys Met Phe Ala Val Phe Cys
    420 425 430
    Ala Leu Ala Leu His Cys Ala Asn Met Tyr His Arg Ile Arg His Ser
    435 440 445
    Glu Cys Ile Tyr Arg Val Thr Met Glu Lys Leu Ser Tyr His Ser Ile
    450 455 460
    Cys Thr Ser Glu Glu Trp Gln Gly Leu Met Gln Phe Thr Leu Pro Val
    465 470 475 480
    Arg Leu Cys Lys Glu Ile Glu Leu Phe His Phe Asp Ile Gly Pro Phe
    485 490 495
    Glu Asn Met Trp Pro Gly Ile Phe Val Tyr Met Val His Arg Ser Cys
    500 505 510
    Gly Thr Ser Cys Phe Glu Leu Glu Lys Leu Cys Arg Phe Ile Met Ser
    515 520 525
    Val Lys Lys Asn Tyr Arg Arg Val Pro Tyr His Asn Trp Lys His Ala
    530 535 540
    Val Thr Val Ala His Cys Met Tyr Ala Ile Leu Gln Asn Asn His Thr
    545 550 555 560
    Leu Phe Thr Asp Leu Glu Arg Lys Gly Leu Leu Ile Ala Cys Leu Cys
    565 570 575
    His Asp Leu Asp His Arg Gly Phe Ser Asn Ser Tyr Leu Gln Lys Phe
    580 585 590
    Asp His Pro Leu Ala Ala Leu Tyr Ser Thr Ser Thr Met Glu Gln His
    595 600 605
    His Phe Ser Gln Thr Val Ser Ile Leu Gln Leu Glu Gly His Asn Ile
    610 615 620
    Phe Ser Thr Leu Ser Ser Ser Glu Tyr Glu Gln Val Leu Glu Ile Ile
    625 630 635 640
    Arg Lys Ala Ile Ile Ala Thr Asp Leu Ala Leu Tyr Phe Gly Asn Arg
    645 650 655
    Lys Gln Leu Glu Glu Met Tyr Gln Thr Gly Ser Leu Asn Leu Asn Asn
    660 665 670
    Gln Ser His Arg Asp Arg Val Ile Gly Leu Met Met Thr Ala Cys Asp
    675 680 685
    Leu Cys Ser Val Thr Lys Leu Trp Pro Val Thr Lys Leu Thr Ala Asn
    690 695 700
    Asp Ile Tyr Ala Glu Phe Trp Ala Glu Gly Asp Glu Met Lys Lys Leu
    705 710 715 720
    Gly Ile Gln Pro Ile Pro Met Met Asp Arg Asp Lys Lys Asp Glu Val
    725 730 735
    Pro Gln Gly Gln Leu Gly Phe Tyr Asn Ala Val Ala Ile Pro Cys Tyr
    740 745 750
    Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ile Leu Pro Pro Thr Glu Pro Leu Leu Lys Ala
    755 760 765
    Cys Arg Asp Asn Leu Ser Gln Trp Glu Lys Val Ile Arg Gly Glu Glu
    770 775 780
    Thr Ala Thr Trp Ile Ser Ser Pro Ser Val Ala Gln Lys Ala Ala Ala
    785 790 795 800
    Ser Glu Asp
    <210> SEQ ID NO 5
    <211> LENGTH: 3195
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: CDS
    <222> LOCATION: (67)..(2403)
    <400> SEQUENCE: 5
    catccacaga gatgttacag ttgaagagat gggggtagag aagactttga aggaaaagaa 60
    tgtaga atg agg ata gaa gag agg aaa tcc caa cat tta aca ggt ttg 108
    Met Arg Ile Glu Glu Arg Lys Ser Gln His Leu Thr Gly Leu
    1 5 10
    aca gat gaa aaa gtg aag gca tat ctt tct ctt cac ccc cag gta tta 156
    Thr Asp Glu Lys Val Lys Ala Tyr Leu Ser Leu His Pro Gln Val Leu
    15 20 25 30
    gat gaa ttt gta tct gaa agt gtt agt gca gag aca gta gag aaa tgg 204
    Asp Glu Phe Val Ser Glu Ser Val Ser Ala Glu Thr Val Glu Lys Trp
    35 40 45
    ctg aag agg aag aac aac aaa tca gaa gat gaa tcg gct cct aag gaa 252
    Leu Lys Arg Lys Asn Asn Lys Ser Glu Asp Glu Ser Ala Pro Lys Glu
    50 55 60
    gtc agc agg tac caa gat acg aat atg cag gga gtt gta tat gaa cta 300
    Val Ser Arg Tyr Gln Asp Thr Asn Met Gln Gly Val Val Tyr Glu Leu
    65 70 75
    aac agc tat ata gaa caa cgg ttg gac aca gga gga gac aac cag cta 348
    Asn Ser Tyr Ile Glu Gln Arg Leu Asp Thr Gly Gly Asp Asn Gln Leu
    80 85 90
    ctc ctc tat gaa ctg agc agc atc att aaa ata gcc aca aaa gcc gat 396
    Leu Leu Tyr Glu Leu Ser Ser Ile Ile Lys Ile Ala Thr Lys Ala Asp
    95 100 105 110
    gga ttt gca ctg tat ttc ctt gga gag tgc aat aat agc ctg tgt ata 444
    Gly Phe Ala Leu Tyr Phe Leu Gly Glu Cys Asn Asn Ser Leu Cys Ile
    115 120 125
    ttc acg cca cct ggg ata aag gaa gga aaa ccc cgc ctc atc cct gct 492
    Phe Thr Pro Pro Gly Ile Lys Glu Gly Lys Pro Arg Leu Ile Pro Ala
    130 135 140
    ggg ccc atc act cag ggc acc acc gtc tct gct tat gtg gcc aag tcc 540
    Gly Pro Ile Thr Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Ser Ala Tyr Val Ala Lys Ser
    145 150 155
    agg aaa aca ctg cta gta gaa gac atc ctt gga gat gaa cga ttt cca 588
    Arg Lys Thr Leu Leu Val Glu Asp Ile Leu Gly Asp Glu Arg Phe Pro
    160 165 170
    aga ggt act gga ctg gaa tca ggg act cgt atc cag tct gtt ctt tgc 636
    Arg Gly Thr Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Thr Arg Ile Gln Ser Val Leu Cys
    175 180 185 190
    tta cca att gtc act gca att ggt gac ttg att ggt att ctc gag ctg 684
    Leu Pro Ile Val Thr Ala Ile Gly Asp Leu Ile Gly Ile Leu Glu Leu
    195 200 205
    tat cgg cac tgg ggc aaa gaa gcc ttc tgt ctt agt cac cag gag gtt 732
    Tyr Arg His Trp Gly Lys Glu Ala Phe Cys Leu Ser His Gln Glu Val
    210 215 220
    gca aca gca aat ctt gcc tgg gct tca gta gca ata cat cag gtg cag 780
    Ala Thr Ala Asn Leu Ala Trp Ala Ser Val Ala Ile His Gln Val Gln
    225 230 235
    gta tgc aga ggc ctt gcc aaa cag aca gaa ttg aat gac ttc cta ctc 828
    Val Cys Arg Gly Leu Ala Lys Gln Thr Glu Leu Asn Asp Phe Leu Leu
    240 245 250
    gac gta tca aaa aca tat ttt gat aac ata gtt gca ata gat tct cta 876
    Asp Val Ser Lys Thr Tyr Phe Asp Asn Ile Val Ala Ile Asp Ser Leu
    255 260 265 270
    ctt gaa cac ata atg ata tat gca aaa aac ctg gtg aat gcc gat cgt 924
    Leu Glu His Ile Met Ile Tyr Ala Lys Asn Leu Val Asn Ala Asp Arg
    275 280 285
    tgt gca ctt ttc cag gtg gac cat aag aac aag gag tta tat tca gac 972
    Cys Ala Leu Phe Gln Val Asp His Lys Asn Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser Asp
    290 295 300
    ctt ttt gat att gga gag gaa aag gaa gga aaa cct gtc ttc aag aag 1020
    Leu Phe Asp Ile Gly Glu Glu Lys Glu Gly Lys Pro Val Phe Lys Lys
    305 310 315
    acc aaa gag ata aga ttt tca att gag aaa gga att gct ggc caa gta 1068
    Thr Lys Glu Ile Arg Phe Ser Ile Glu Lys Gly Ile Ala Gly Gln Val
    320 325 330
    gca aga aca ggg gaa gtc ctg aac att cca gat gcc tat gca gac cca 1116
    Ala Arg Thr Gly Glu Val Leu Asn Ile Pro Asp Ala Tyr Ala Asp Pro
    335 340 345 350
    cgc ttt aac aga gaa gta gac ttg tac aca ggc tac acc acg cgg aac 1164
    Arg Phe Asn Arg Glu Val Asp Leu Tyr Thr Gly Tyr Thr Thr Arg Asn
    355 360 365
    atc ctg tgc atg ccc atc gtc agc cga ggc agc gtg ata ggt gtg gtg 1212
    Ile Leu Cys Met Pro Ile Val Ser Arg Gly Ser Val Ile Gly Val Val
    370 375 380
    cag atg gtc aac aaa atc agt ggc agt gcc ttc tct aaa aca gat gaa 1260
    Gln Met Val Asn Lys Ile Ser Gly Ser Ala Phe Ser Lys Thr Asp Glu
    385 390 395
    aac aac ttc aaa atg ttt gcc gtc ttt tgt gct tta gcc tta cac tgt 1308
    Asn Asn Phe Lys Met Phe Ala Val Phe Cys Ala Leu Ala Leu His Cys
    400 405 410
    gct aat atg tat cat aga att cgc cac tca gag tgc att tac cgg gta 1356
    Ala Asn Met Tyr His Arg Ile Arg His Ser Glu Cys Ile Tyr Arg Val
    415 420 425 430
    acg atg gaa aag ctg tcc tac cat agc att tgt act tca gaa gag tgg 1404
    Thr Met Glu Lys Leu Ser Tyr His Ser Ile Cys Thr Ser Glu Glu Trp
    435 440 445
    caa ggt ctc atg caa ttc acc ctt ccc gtg cgt ctc tgc aaa gaa att 1452
    Gln Gly Leu Met Gln Phe Thr Leu Pro Val Arg Leu Cys Lys Glu Ile
    450 455 460
    gaa tta ttc cac ttt gac att ggt cct ttt gaa aac atg tgg cct gga 1500
    Glu Leu Phe His Phe Asp Ile Gly Pro Phe Glu Asn Met Trp Pro Gly
    465 470 475
    att ttt gtc tac atg gtt cat cgg tcc tgt ggg aca tcc tgc ttt gag 1548
    Ile Phe Val Tyr Met Val His Arg Ser Cys Gly Thr Ser Cys Phe Glu
    480 485 490
    ctt gaa aag ttg tgt cgt ttt att atg tct gtg aag aag aac tat cgg 1596
    Leu Glu Lys Leu Cys Arg Phe Ile Met Ser Val Lys Lys Asn Tyr Arg
    495 500 505 510
    cgg gtt cct tat cac aac tgg aag cat gcg gtc act gta gca cac tgc 1644
    Arg Val Pro Tyr His Asn Trp Lys His Ala Val Thr Val Ala His Cys
    515 520 525
    atg tat gcc ata ctt cag aac aat cac acg ctt ttc aca gac ctt gag 1692
    Met Tyr Ala Ile Leu Gln Asn Asn His Thr Leu Phe Thr Asp Leu Glu
    530 535 540
    cgc aaa gga ctg ctg att gcg tgt ctg tgt cat gac ctg gac cac agg 1740
    Arg Lys Gly Leu Leu Ile Ala Cys Leu Cys His Asp Leu Asp His Arg
    545 550 555
    ggc ttc agt aac agc tac ctg cag aag ttc gac cac cct ctg gcc gct 1788
    Gly Phe Ser Asn Ser Tyr Leu Gln Lys Phe Asp His Pro Leu Ala Ala
    560 565 570
    ctc tac tcc act tcc acc atg gag cag cac cac ttc tcc cag act gtg 1836
    Leu Tyr Ser Thr Ser Thr Met Glu Gln His His Phe Ser Gln Thr Val
    575 580 585 590
    tcc atc ctc cag ttg gaa ggg cac aat atc ttc tcc act ctg agc tcc 1884
    Ser Ile Leu Gln Leu Glu Gly His Asn Ile Phe Ser Thr Leu Ser Ser
    595 600 605
    agt gaa tat gag cag gtg ctt gag atc atc cgc aaa gcc atc att gcc 1932
    Ser Glu Tyr Glu Gln Val Leu Glu Ile Ile Arg Lys Ala Ile Ile Ala
    610 615 620
    aca gac ctt gct tta tac ttt gga aac agg aag cag ttg gaa gag atg 1980
    Thr Asp Leu Ala Leu Tyr Phe Gly Asn Arg Lys Gln Leu Glu Glu Met
    625 630 635
    tac cag acc gga tca cta aac ctt aat aat caa tca cat aga gac cgt 2028
    Tyr Gln Thr Gly Ser Leu Asn Leu Asn Asn Gln Ser His Arg Asp Arg
    640 645 650
    gta att ggt ttg atg atg act gcc tgt gac ctt tgt tct gtg aca aaa 2076
    Val Ile Gly Leu Met Met Thr Ala Cys Asp Leu Cys Ser Val Thr Lys
    655 660 665 670
    ctg tgg ccc gtt aca aaa ttg acg gca aat gat ata tat gca gaa ttc 2124
    Leu Trp Pro Val Thr Lys Leu Thr Ala Asn Asp Ile Tyr Ala Glu Phe
    675 680 685
    tgg gct gag ggt gat gaa atg aag aaa ttg gga ata cag cct att cct 2172
    Trp Ala Glu Gly Asp Glu Met Lys Lys Leu Gly Ile Gln Pro Ile Pro
    690 695 700
    atg atg gac aga gac aag aag gat gaa gtc ccc caa ggc cag ctt ggg 2220
    Met Met Asp Arg Asp Lys Lys Asp Glu Val Pro Gln Gly Gln Leu Gly
    705 710 715
    ttc tac aat gcc gtg gcc att ccc tgc tat aca acc ctt acc cag atc 2268
    Phe Tyr Asn Ala Val Ala Ile Pro Cys Tyr Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ile
    720 725 730
    ctc cct ccc acg gag cct ctt ctg aaa gca tgc agg gat aat ctc agt 2316
    Leu Pro Pro Thr Glu Pro Leu Leu Lys Ala Cys Arg Asp Asn Leu Ser
    735 740 745 750
    cag tgg gag aag gtg att cga ggg gag gag act gca acc tgg att tca 2364
    Gln Trp Glu Lys Val Ile Arg Gly Glu Glu Thr Ala Thr Trp Ile Ser
    755 760 765
    tcc cca tcc gtg gct cag aag gca gct gca tct gaa gat tgagcactgg 2413
    Ser Pro Ser Val Ala Gln Lys Ala Ala Ala Ser Glu Asp
    770 775
    tcaccctgac acgctgtccc acctacagat cctcatcttg cttctttgac attcttttcc 2473
    tttttttggg gggggtgggg ggaacctgca cctggtaact ggggtgcaaa cctcttcaag 2533
    aaggtaacat caaataaata agtcaagcag aggacttcct ggaattccaa tcccaacact 2593
    ttgggaggct gaggtgggtg gatcacctga ggtctagagt tcgagactgg actgggcaag 2653
    atggtgaaac tctgtctcta ctaaaaatac aaaaatacaa aattagctgg gtgtggtggt 2713
    tgcatgcctg tagttcggga ggctgaggta ggagaatcac ttgaacctgg ggggtggagg 2773
    ctgaagtgag ccaaggtcgt gtcagtgcac tccagcctag acaacagaac aagactctgt 2833
    ctcaaaaaaa aaaaaaagta tatcctacaa atgctaatta attttttccc actagctaat 2893
    tggtttatga ataagaaaga tgttaaaaaa tgatgacaaa tgcagtcggt tacagtggct 2953
    catgcctgtg atcccagcac tttgggaggc cgaggcgggt ggatcatgag gtcaagagat 3013
    cgagaccatc ctggccaaca tggtgaaacc ccgtctctac tgaaaaaaaa aaaaaattag 3073
    ctgggcgtgg tgtgcatagt ggtgtaattc cagctactct ggaggctgag gcaggagaat 3133
    cgcttgaacc caggaggcag aggttgcagt gagccaggat ggtggaattc ctgcagcccg 3193
    gg 3195
    <210> SEQ ID NO 6
    <211> LENGTH: 779
    <212> TYPE: PRT
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <400> SEQUENCE: 6
    Met Arg Ile Glu Glu Arg Lys Ser Gln His Leu Thr Gly Leu Thr Asp
    1 5 10 15
    Glu Lys Val Lys Ala Tyr Leu Ser Leu His Pro Gln Val Leu Asp Glu
    20 25 30
    Phe Val Ser Glu Ser Val Ser Ala Glu Thr Val Glu Lys Trp Leu Lys
    35 40 45
    Arg Lys Asn Asn Lys Ser Glu Asp Glu Ser Ala Pro Lys Glu Val Ser
    50 55 60
    Arg Tyr Gln Asp Thr Asn Met Gln Gly Val Val Tyr Glu Leu Asn Ser
    65 70 75 80
    Tyr Ile Glu Gln Arg Leu Asp Thr Gly Gly Asp Asn Gln Leu Leu Leu
    85 90 95
    Tyr Glu Leu Ser Ser Ile Ile Lys Ile Ala Thr Lys Ala Asp Gly Phe
    100 105 110
    Ala Leu Tyr Phe Leu Gly Glu Cys Asn Asn Ser Leu Cys Ile Phe Thr
    115 120 125
    Pro Pro Gly Ile Lys Glu Gly Lys Pro Arg Leu Ile Pro Ala Gly Pro
    130 135 140
    Ile Thr Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Ser Ala Tyr Val Ala Lys Ser Arg Lys
    145 150 155 160
    Thr Leu Leu Val Glu Asp Ile Leu Gly Asp Glu Arg Phe Pro Arg Gly
    165 170 175
    Thr Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Thr Arg Ile Gln Ser Val Leu Cys Leu Pro
    180 185 190
    Ile Val Thr Ala Ile Gly Asp Leu Ile Gly Ile Leu Glu Leu Tyr Arg
    195 200 205
    His Trp Gly Lys Glu Ala Phe Cys Leu Ser His Gln Glu Val Ala Thr
    210 215 220
    Ala Asn Leu Ala Trp Ala Ser Val Ala Ile His Gln Val Gln Val Cys
    225 230 235 240
    Arg Gly Leu Ala Lys Gln Thr Glu Leu Asn Asp Phe Leu Leu Asp Val
    245 250 255
    Ser Lys Thr Tyr Phe Asp Asn Ile Val Ala Ile Asp Ser Leu Leu Glu
    260 265 270
    His Ile Met Ile Tyr Ala Lys Asn Leu Val Asn Ala Asp Arg Cys Ala
    275 280 285
    Leu Phe Gln Val Asp His Lys Asn Lys Glu Leu Tyr Ser Asp Leu Phe
    290 295 300
    Asp Ile Gly Glu Glu Lys Glu Gly Lys Pro Val Phe Lys Lys Thr Lys
    305 310 315 320
    Glu Ile Arg Phe Ser Ile Glu Lys Gly Ile Ala Gly Gln Val Ala Arg
    325 330 335
    Thr Gly Glu Val Leu Asn Ile Pro Asp Ala Tyr Ala Asp Pro Arg Phe
    340 345 350
    Asn Arg Glu Val Asp Leu Tyr Thr Gly Tyr Thr Thr Arg Asn Ile Leu
    355 360 365
    Cys Met Pro Ile Val Ser Arg Gly Ser Val Ile Gly Val Val Gln Met
    370 375 380
    Val Asn Lys Ile Ser Gly Ser Ala Phe Ser Lys Thr Asp Glu Asn Asn
    385 390 395 400
    Phe Lys Met Phe Ala Val Phe Cys Ala Leu Ala Leu His Cys Ala Asn
    405 410 415
    Met Tyr His Arg Ile Arg His Ser Glu Cys Ile Tyr Arg Val Thr Met
    420 425 430
    Glu Lys Leu Ser Tyr His Ser Ile Cys Thr Ser Glu Glu Trp Gln Gly
    435 440 445
    Leu Met Gln Phe Thr Leu Pro Val Arg Leu Cys Lys Glu Ile Glu Leu
    450 455 460
    Phe His Phe Asp Ile Gly Pro Phe Glu Asn Met Trp Pro Gly Ile Phe
    465 470 475 480
    Val Tyr Met Val His Arg Ser Cys Gly Thr Ser Cys Phe Glu Leu Glu
    485 490 495
    Lys Leu Cys Arg Phe Ile Met Ser Val Lys Lys Asn Tyr Arg Arg Val
    500 505 510
    Pro Tyr His Asn Trp Lys His Ala Val Thr Val Ala His Cys Met Tyr
    515 520 525
    Ala Ile Leu Gln Asn Asn His Thr Leu Phe Thr Asp Leu Glu Arg Lys
    530 535 540
    Gly Leu Leu Ile Ala Cys Leu Cys His Asp Leu Asp His Arg Gly Phe
    545 550 555 560
    Ser Asn Ser Tyr Leu Gln Lys Phe Asp His Pro Leu Ala Ala Leu Tyr
    565 570 575
    Ser Thr Ser Thr Met Glu Gln His His Phe Ser Gln Thr Val Ser Ile
    580 585 590
    Leu Gln Leu Glu Gly His Asn Ile Phe Ser Thr Leu Ser Ser Ser Glu
    595 600 605
    Tyr Glu Gln Val Leu Glu Ile Ile Arg Lys Ala Ile Ile Ala Thr Asp
    610 615 620
    Leu Ala Leu Tyr Phe Gly Asn Arg Lys Gln Leu Glu Glu Met Tyr Gln
    625 630 635 640
    Thr Gly Ser Leu Asn Leu Asn Asn Gln Ser His Arg Asp Arg Val Ile
    645 650 655
    Gly Leu Met Met Thr Ala Cys Asp Leu Cys Ser Val Thr Lys Leu Trp
    660 665 670
    Pro Val Thr Lys Leu Thr Ala Asn Asp Ile Tyr Ala Glu Phe Trp Ala
    675 680 685
    Glu Gly Asp Glu Met Lys Lys Leu Gly Ile Gln Pro Ile Pro Met Met
    690 695 700
    Asp Arg Asp Lys Lys Asp Glu Val Pro Gln Gly Gln Leu Gly Phe Tyr
    705 710 715 720
    Asn Ala Val Ala Ile Pro Cys Tyr Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ile Leu Pro
    725 730 735
    Pro Thr Glu Pro Leu Leu Lys Ala Cys Arg Asp Asn Leu Ser Gln Trp
    740 745 750
    Glu Lys Val Ile Arg Gly Glu Glu Thr Ala Thr Trp Ile Ser Ser Pro
    755 760 765
    Ser Val Ala Gln Lys Ala Ala Ala Ser Glu Asp
    770 775
    <210> SEQ ID NO 7
    <211> LENGTH: 458
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <400> SEQUENCE: 7
    attcggcacg ggctgcggcc agagggtggt cgaacttctg caggtaactg ttactgagcc 60
    cctgtggtcc aggtcatgac acagacacgc aatcagcagt cctttgcgct caaggtctgt 120
    gaaaagcgtg tgattgttct gaagtatggc atacatgcag tgtgctacag tgaccgcatg 180
    cttccagttg tgataaggaa cccgccgata gttcttcttc acagacataa taaaacgaca 240
    caacttttca agctcaaagc aggatgtccc acaggcccga tgaaccatgt agacaaaaat 300
    tccaggccac atgttttcaa aaggaccaat gtcaaagtgg aataattcaa tttctttggc 360
    agagacgcac cgggaaaggg tgaatttgca tgagaccttt ggccactctt ctgaaagtac 420
    aaatgctatg gtaggacagc tttttccgtc ggttaccc 458
    <210> SEQ ID NO 8
    <211> LENGTH: 21
    <212> TYPE: PRT
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (3)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (4)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (6)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (8)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (9)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (10)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (11)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (12)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (13)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (14)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (15)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (16)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (17)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (18)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (19)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <220> FEATURE:
    <221> NAME/KEY: misc_feature
    <222> LOCATION: (20)
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: The amino acid is any amino acid
    <400> SEQUENCE: 8
    His Asp Xaa Xaa His Xaa Gly Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa
    1 5 10 15
    Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Ala
    20
    <210> SEQ ID NO 9
    <211> LENGTH: 19
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence: primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 9
    ggaaacagct atgaccatg 19
    <210> SEQ ID NO 10
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence: primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 10
    actctccaag gaatacag 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 11
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 11
    ctgtctctgc actaacac 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 12
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 12
    ttggcaaggc ctctgcat 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 13
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 13
    cctctatgaa ctgagcag 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 14
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 14
    gaaggcactg ccactgat 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 15
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 15
    tcgagctgta tcggcact 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 16
    <211> LENGTH: 19
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 16
    agcgtgtgat tgttctgaa 19
    <210> SEQ ID NO 17
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 17
    tgctggccaa gtagcaag 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 18
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 18
    aaggtcacag gcagtcat 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 19
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 19
    gaagagtggc aaggtctc 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 20
    <211> LENGTH: 19
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 20
    tcatgacctg gaccaccag 19
    <210> SEQ ID NO 21
    <211> LENGTH: 19
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 21
    ccttcttgaa gaggtttgc 19
    <210> SEQ ID NO 22
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 22
    atgactgcct gtgacctt 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 23
    <211> LENGTH: 19
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 23
    ctgctataca acccttacc 19
    <210> SEQ ID NO 24
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 24
    gctaatattg ctgaggcc 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 25
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 25
    taagtgagag gtgactgc 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 26
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 26
    cctaaagggc tgagatca 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 27
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 27
    cgcagtcacc tctcactt 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 28
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 28
    tgtaaaacga cggccagt 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 29
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 29
    acaaaacgcc tatggtgg 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 30
    <211> LENGTH: 19
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 30
    ttgatctcag ccctttagc 19
    <210> SEQ ID NO 31
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 31
    tcatgtggca ggaaactg 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 32
    <211> LENGTH: 484
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <400> SEQUENCE: 32
    gcacgagacc agtattacta tacaatgtaa gtgttttaaa aaatacgaaa gtaatactct 60
    gcaccccttc ctacaaagat gataaagcag tcacttctgg cgcattttaa taatttaaag 120
    atttttagtg caatggcacg gtaacctcca aacctgaatt agacagagac tcactcagga 180
    agtgacaggc ccatcatatc aaataactta ttcacttttc atgtggcagg aaactggaat 240
    atcgctttta ataaaatgga aaaatatgct tctacatatt taccaccata ggcgttttgt 300
    tcatatgagc ctggtttgtg caaaattaaa tcagaggctt ctacacatgg tttatttatg 360
    ttgtagcaaa gttggctcta cataaacatt gttcttattt taaaattaac actatgtgtt 420
    cgtttttctt gtgggcttct gaaagttgcc atcttccctc cgtggagctc catttgctat 480
    tttc 484
    <210> SEQ ID NO 33
    <211> LENGTH: 404
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <400> SEQUENCE: 33
    cttgaacaca tcatgatata tgcaaaaaat ctagtgaacg ccgaccgctg cgcgctcttc 60
    caggtggacc acaagaacaa ggagctgtac tcggacctgt ttgacattgg ggaggagaag 120
    gaggggaagc ccgttttcaa gaagaccaag gagatcagat tttccattga gaaagggatt 180
    gctggtcaag tggcaagaac gggagaagtc ctgaacattc ctgatgccta cgcagacccg 240
    cgctttaaca gggaggtgga cctgtacaca ggctatacca cgcggaacat tctgtgtatg 300
    cccatagtga gccgcggcat ttgattcggt gtggtgcaaa tggtttaaca agatcagcgg 360
    caggcctttc caagacggat gagaacaact tcaagatgtt ttgc 404
    <210> SEQ ID NO 34
    <211> LENGTH: 7
    <212> TYPE: PRT
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:tag
    <400> SEQUENCE: 34
    Asp Lys Asp Asp Asp Asp Lys
    1 5
    <210> SEQ ID NO 35
    <211> LENGTH: 62
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <400> SEQUENCE: 35
    cagtcagcta gccgccatgg actacaagga cgacgatgac caagttgact gatgaaaagg 60
    tg 62
    <210> SEQ ID NO 36
    <211> LENGTH: 19
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 36
    ccagaagggg tacttttcc 19
    <210> SEQ ID NO 37
    <211> LENGTH: 19
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 37
    cattgtcctg aggctgtgg 19
    <210> SEQ ID NO 38
    <211> LENGTH: 477
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <400> SEQUENCE: 38
    tatcccaaaa gccgacggat ttgcactgta cttccttgga gagtgcaata atagcctgtg 60
    tgtgttcata ccacccggga tgaaggaagg ccaaccccgg ctcatccctg cggggcccat 120
    cacccagggt accaccatct ctgcctacgt ggccaagtct aggaagacgt tgttggtaga 180
    ggatatcctt ggggatgagc gatttcctcg aggtactggc ctggaatcag gaacccgcat 240
    ccagtctgtt ctttgcttgc ccattgtcac tgccattgga gacttgattg gcatccttga 300
    actgtacagg cactgggaca aagaggcctt ctgcctcagc catcaggagg ttgcaacagc 360
    caatcttgct tgggcttccg tagcaataca ccaggtgcag gtgtgtagag gtctcgccaa 420
    acagaccgaa ctgaatgact tcctactcga cgtatcaaag acatactttg ataacat 477
    <210> SEQ ID NO 39
    <211> LENGTH: 755
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
    <400> SEQUENCE: 39
    gaattccttt tgtatttatt tcttctctaa cttactttat ctttttaaat ggaataactc 60
    tgatagaatt acagtgttaa tatttgtcta ctttatattt cacactctag aatatattaa 120
    atgcttagtc ttttgccgta agatagaaaa agctggttta aaatgagatc cacaagagac 180
    cttaccttct gatttgttgt tcttcctctt cagccatttc tctactgtct ctgcactaac 240
    actttcagat acaaattcat ctaatacctg ggggtgaaga gaaagatatg ccttcacttt 300
    ttcatctgtc aaacctgtaa aagaattgaa aagaataaaa ttcacctata caacatcctc 360
    atatcaatga aaggtatagt atcacaacac attatgctaa gacccagcaa cctctcatct 420
    aacggagaga gggctggaaa gagcgggaag gggaagctac tgcttagtgg gtacagagtt 480
    tctactggga gtgacagcaa agttttggaa ctagacaggt gaatactgcc caacattggg 540
    aatatacgta atgccactaa attgtacgct taaaacagca tttaaaatgg taaaaaacac 600
    catttttcat atatacgtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt atgaccacaa taaaaaagaa 660
    tgcagttagt ttagcaattt taaactacat atattacatc atgttacata gctgtttcta 720
    gcaataaatt tcagagttac atatgaacca atgcc 755
    <210> SEQ ID NO 40
    <211> LENGTH: 20
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 40
    gttagatgag aggttgctgg 20
    <210> SEQ ID NO 41
    <211> LENGTH: 15
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 41
    gtatgctaat ctcag 15
    <210> SEQ ID NO 42
    <211> LENGTH: 30
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 42
    caactcgaat tccttgacag attagcatac 30
    <210> SEQ ID NO 43
    <211> LENGTH: 18
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 43
    caactcgaat tccttgac 18
    <210> SEQ ID NO 44
    <211> LENGTH: 20
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 44
    gttgttcttc ctcttcagcc 20
    <210> SEQ ID NO 45
    <211> LENGTH: 21
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 45
    caactcgaat tccttgacag a 21
    <210> SEQ ID NO 46
    <211> LENGTH: 28
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 46
    gatcgtcgac ctgtctctgc actaacac 28
    <210> SEQ ID NO 47
    <211> LENGTH: 30
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 47
    gatcgtcgac aagcactcgg tcagccttcg 30
    <210> SEQ ID NO 48
    <211> LENGTH: 26
    <212> TYPE: DNA
    <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence
    <220> FEATURE:
    <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Description of Artificial Sequence:primer
    <400> SEQUENCE: 48
    gatcggatcc accatggact acaagg 26

Claims (32)

What is claimed is:
1. A purified and isolated PDE8 polypeptide.
2. The polypeptide according to claim 1 comprising the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2.
3. The polypeptide according to claim 2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4.
4. The polypeptide according to claim 2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6.
5. A polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4.
6. The polynucleotide according to claim 5 comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.
7. The polynucleotide according to claim 5 comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3.
8. The polynucleotide according to claim 5 comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.
9. A polynucleotide encoding a human PDE8 polypeptide selected from the group consisting of:
a) the polynucleotide according to claim 5; and
b) a DNA which hybridizes under moderately stringent conditions to the polynucleotide of (a).
10. A polynucleotide encoding a human PDE8 polypeptide selected from the group consisting of:
a) the polynucleotide according to any one of claims 6, 7, and 8; and
b) a DNA which hybridizes under moderately stringent conditions to the polynucleotide of (a).
11. The polynucleotide of claim 5 which is a DNA molecule.
12. The DNA of claim 11 which is a cDNA molecule.
13. The DNA of claim 11 which is a genomic DNA molecule.
14. The DNA of claim 11 which is a wholly or partially chemically synthesized DNA molecule.
15. An anti-sense polynucleotide which specifically hybridizes with the complement of the polynucleotide of claim 5.
16. A expression construct comprising the polynucleotide according to claim 5.
17. A host cell transformed or transfected with the polynucleotide according to claim 16.
18. A method for producing a PDE8 polypeptide comprising the steps of:
a) growing the host cell according to claim 17 under conditions appropriate for expression of the PDE8 polypeptide and
b) isolating the PDE8 polypeptide from the host cell of the medium of its growth.
19. An antibody specifically immunoreactive with the polypeptide according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4.
20. The antibody according to claim 19 which is a monoclonal antibody.
21. A hybridoma which secretes the antibody according to claim 20.
22. An anti-idiotype antibody specifically immunoreactive with the antibody according to claim 19.
23. A method to identify a specific binding partner compound of a PDE8A polypeptide comprising the steps of:
a) contacting the PDE8A polypeptide with a compound under conditions which permit binding between the compound and the PDE8A polypeptide;
b) detecting binding of the compound to the PDE8A polypeptide; and b
c) identifying the compound as a specific binding partner of the PDE8A polypeptide.
24. The method according to claim 23 wherein the specific binding partner modulates activity of the PDE8A polypeptide.
25. The method according to claim 24 wherein the compound inhibits activity of the PDE8A polypeptide.
26. The method according to claim 24 wherein the compound enhances activity of the PDE10 polypeptide.
27. A method to identify a specific binding partner compound of a PDE8A polynucleotide comprising the steps of:
a) contacting the PDE8A polynucleotide with a compound under conditions which permit binding between the compound and the PDE8A polynucleotide;
b) detecting binding of the compound to the PDE8A polynucleotide; and
c) identifying the compound as a specific binding partner of the PDE8A polynucleotide.
28. The method according to claim 27 wherein the specific binding partner modulates expression of a PDE8A polypeptide encoded by the PDE8A polynucleotide.
29. The method according to claim 28 wherein the compound inhibits expression of the PDE8A polypeptide.
30. The method according to claim 28 wherein the compound enhances expression of the PDE10 polypeptide.
31. A compound identified by the method according to claim 23 or 27.
32. A composition comprising the compound according to claim 31 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
US10/440,998 1997-10-16 2003-05-19 Phosphodiesterase 8A Abandoned US20030215919A1 (en)

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