US20030072619A1

US20030072619A1 - Articulated multiple buoy marine platform apparatus and method of installation

Info

Publication number: US20030072619A1
Application number: US10/224,533
Authority: US
Inventors: Jon Khachaturian
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-06-21
Filing date: 2002-08-20
Publication date: 2003-04-17

Abstract

A marine platform (and method of installation) provides a plurality of buoys, a platform having a peripheral portion that includes a plurality of attachment positions, one attachment position for each buoy, and an articulating connection that connects each buoy to the platform at a respective attachment position, the connection allowing for sea state induced buoy motions while minimizing effect on the platform. A method of installation places the platform (including oil and gas drilling and/or production facility next to the buoys. Ballasting moves the platform and buoys relative to one another until connections are perfected between each buoy and the platform.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Priority of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/213,034,filed Jun. 21, 2000, and Ser. No. 09/693,470, filed Oct. 20, 2000, both incorporated herein by reference, are hereby claimed.[0001]

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not applicable

REFERENCE TO A “MICROFICHE APPENDIX”

Not applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method of installing a floating marine platform in a deep water environment(over 1500 feet of water). More particularly, the present invention relates to a novel method of installing a marine platform using multiple buoys that support a platform, wherein articulating connections form an interface between the platform and the buoys. In an alternate method, the multiple buoys can be used as part of an installation method to place the marine platform upon a single spar support.

2. General Background of the Invention

Many types of marine platforms have been designed, patented, and/or used commercially. Marine platforms typically take the form of either fixed platforms that include a large underwater support structure or “jacket” or a floating platform having a submersible support. Sometimes these platforms are called semi-submersible rigs.

Jack-up barges are another type of platform that can be used in an offshore marine environment for drilling/production. Jack-up barges have a barge with long legs that can be powered up for travel and powered down to elevate the barge above the water.

Other types of platforms for deep water (1500 feet or deeper) have been patented. The September 2000 issue of Offshore Magazine shows many floating offshore platforms for use in deep water drilling and/or production. Some of the following patents relate to offshore platforms, some of which are buoy type offshore platforms, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Other patents have issued that relate in general to floating structures, and include some patents disclosing structures that would not be suitable for use in oil and gas well drilling and/or production.



	ISSUE
PATENT #	DATE	TITLE

2,952,234	09/13/60	Sectional Floating Marine Platform
3,540,396	11/17/70	Offshore Well Apparatus and System
3,982,492	09/1976	Floating Structure
4,286,538	09/01/81	Multipurpose Floating Structure
4,297,965	11/03/81	Tension leg Structure for Tension Leg
		Platform
4,620,820	11/04/86	Tension Leg Platform Anchoring Method
		and Apparatus
5,197,825	03/30/93	Tendon for Anchoring a Semisubmersible
		Platform
5,423,632	06/13/95	Compliant Platform With Slide
		Connection Docking to Auxiliary Vessel
5,439,060	08/08/95	Tensioned Riser Deepwater Tower
5,558,467	09/24,96	Deep Water offshore Apparatus
5,706,897	01/13/98	Drilling, Production, Test, and Oil
		Storage Caisson
5,722,797	03/03/98	Floating Caisson for Offshore
		Production and Drilling
5,799,603	09/01/98	Shock-Absorbing System for Floating
		Platform
5,873,416	02/23/99	Drilling, Production, Test, and Oil
		Storage Caisson
5,931,602	08/03/99	Device for Oil Production at Great
		Depths at Sea
5,924,822	07/20/99	Method for Deck Installation on an
		Offshore Substructure
6,012,873	01/11/00	Buoyant Leg Platform With Retractable
		Gravity Base and Method of Anchoring
		and Relocating the Same
6,027,286	02/22/00	Offshore Spar Production System and
		Method for Creating a Controlled Tilt
		of the Caisson Axis
GB 2 092 664		Ball-and-Socket Coupling for Use in
		Anchorage of Floating Bodies

One of the problems with single floater type marine platform constructions is that the single floater must be enormous, and thus very expensive to manufacture, transport, and install. In a marine environment, such a structure must support an oil and gas well drilling rig or production platform weighing between 5,000 and 40,000 tons, for example (or even a package of between 500-100,000 tons).

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an improved offshore marine platform (and method of installation) that can be used for drilling for oil and/or gas or in the production of oil and gas from an offshore environment. Such drilling and/or production facilities typically weigh between 500-100,000 tons, more commonly between 3,000-50,000 tons.

The apparatus of the present invention thus provides a marine platform that is comprised of a plurality of spaced apart buoys and a superstructure having a periphery that includes a plurality of attachment positions, one attachment position for each buoy. An articulating connection joins each buoy to the platform superstructure.

Each of the buoys will move due to current and/or wind and/or wave action or due to other dynamic marine environmental factors. “Articulating connection” as used herein should be understood to mean any connection or joint that connects a buoy to the superstructure, transmits axial and shear forces, and allows the support buoy(s) to move relative to the superstructure without separation, and wherein the bending moment transferred to the superstructure from one of the so connected buoys or from multiple of the so connected buoys is reduced, minimized or substantially eliminated. “Articulating connection” is a joint movably connecting a buoy to a superstructure wherein axial and tangential forces are substantially transmitted, however, transfer of bending moment is substantially reduced or minimized through the joint allowing relative movement between the buoy and the superstructure.

An articulating connection connects each buoy to the platform at a respective attachment position, the connection allowing for sea state induced buoy motions while minimizing effects on the platform.

The apparatus of the present invention provides a marine platform that further comprises a mooring extending from a plurality of the buoys for holding the platform and buoys to a desired location.

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a marine platform wherein each of the articulating connections includes corresponding concave and convex engaging portions. In another embodiment, a universal type joint is disclosed.

In another embodiment a marine platform has buoys with convex articulating portions and the platform has correspondingly shaped concave articulating portions.

In a preferred embodiment, each buoy can be provided with a concave articulating portion and the platform with a corresponding convex articulating portion that engages a buoy.

In a preferred embodiment, each buoy has a height and a diameter. In a preferred embodiment, the height is much greater than the diameter for each of the buoys.

In the preferred embodiment, each buoy is preferably between about 25 and 100 feet in diameter.

The apparatus of the present invention preferably provides a plurality of buoys, wherein each buoy is between about 100 and 500 feet in height.

The buoys can be of a generally uniform diameter along a majority of the buoy. However, each buoy can have a variable diameter in an alternate embodiment.

In a preferred embodiment, each buoy is generally cylindrically shaped. However, each buoy can be provided with simply an upper end portion that is generally cylindrically shaped.

In a preferred embodiment, there are at least three buoys and at least three attachment positions, preferably four buoys and four attachment positions.

In a preferred embodiment, each articulated connection is preferably hemispherically shaped for the upper end portion of each buoy and there is a correspondingly concavely shaped receptacle on the platform that fits the surface of each hemispherically shaped upper end portion.

In a preferred embodiment, the platform is comprised of a trussed deck. The trussed deck preferably has lower horizontal members, upper horizontal members and a plurality of inclined members spanning between the upper and lower horizontal members, and wherein the attachment positions are next to the lower horizontal member.

In the preferred embodiment, the apparatus supports an oil and gas well drilling and/or production platform weighing between 500 and 100,000 tons, more particularly, weighing between 3,000 tons and 50,000.

The apparatus of the present invention uses articulating connections between the submerged portion of the buoy and the superstructure to minimize or reduce topside, wave induced motions during the structural life of the apparatus.

The apparatus of the present invention thus enables smaller, multiple hull components to be used to support the superstructure than a single column or single buoy floater.

With the present invention, the topside angular motion is reduced and is less than the topside angular motion of a single column floater of comparable weight.

With the present invention, there is substantially no bending moment or minimum bending moment transferred between each buoy and the structure being supported. The present invention thus minimizes or substantially eliminates moment transfer at the articulating connection that is formed between each buoy and the structure being supported. The buoys are thus substantially free to move in any direction relative to the supported structure or load excepting motion that would separate a buoy from the supported structure.

The present invention has particular utility in the supporting of oil and gas well drilling facilities and oil and gas well drilling production facilities. The apparatus of the present invention has particular utility in very deep water, for example, in excess of 1500 feet.

The present invention also has particular utility in tropical environments (for example West Africa and Brazil) wherein the environment produces long period swell action.

The present invention provides a method of installing an oil and gas well facility such as a drilling facility or a production facility on a platform in an offshore deepwater marine environment. The term “deepwater” as used herein means water depths of in excess of 1500 feet.

The method of the present invention contemplates the placement of a plurality of buoys at a selected offshore location, a portion of each of the buoys being underwater. A superstructure extends above water and includes a platform having an oil and gas well facility. Such a facility can include oil well drilling, oil well production, or a combination of oil well drilling and production. The platform and its facility can be floated to a selected location. The platform includes a peripheral portion having a plurality of attachment positions, one attachment position for each buoy.

When the buoys and platform are located at a desired position, the platform is ballasted relative to the buoys until the buoys connect with the platform. This connection can be achieved by either ballasting the platform downwardly (such as for example, using a ballasted transport barge), or by ballasting the buoys to a higher position so that they engage the supported platform.

In the preferred embodiment, the buoys can be elongated, cylindrically shaped buoys, each having a diameter of for example, 25-100 feet and a height of preferably between about 100 and 500 feet. Each of the buoys can have an upper, smaller diameter portion that includes a connector. In one embodiment, the connector can be convex in shape and articulate with a correspondingly shaped concave connector on the platform.

The platform can include a trussed deck that carries at or near its periphery or corners, connectors that enable a connection to be formed with the upper end portion of each buoy. As an example, there can be provided four buoys and four connectors on the trussed deck or platform.

If a trussed deck is employed, an oil well production facility (drilling or production or a combination) can be supported upon the trussed deck. The connector at the top of each buoy can be any type of an articulating connection that forms an articulation with the trussed deck or a connector on the trussed deck. Examples include the ball and socket or concave/convex arrangement shown in the drawings (FIGS. 1-12). Another example includes the universal joint shown in the drawings (see FIGS. 13-14).

In an alternate method, the multiple buoys can be used as part of an installation method to place the marine platform upon a single spar support.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a further understanding of the nature, objects, and advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description, read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements and wherein: [0041]
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; [0042]
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; [0043]
FIG. 3 is another elevation view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; [0044]
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines [0045] 4-4 of FIG. 2;
FIGS. [0046] 5-6 are fragmentary perspective views of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating the articulating connection between a buoy and the platform; and
FIGS. [0047] 7-8 show alternate mooring arrangements for the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a partial elevation view of an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention that features buoys of variable diameter; [0048]
FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along lines [0049] 10-10 of FIG. 9;
FIG. 10A is a sectional view taken along lines [0050] 10-10 of FIG. 9 and showing a buoy lower end portion that is square;
FIG. 11 is a partial elevation view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention showing an alternate buoy construction; [0051]
FIG. 12 is a perspective elevation view of a third embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention showing an alternate buoy construction; [0052]
FIGS. [0053] 13-14 are elevation views of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention showing an alternate articulating connection between each buoy and the platform. FIG. 14 is rotated 90 degrees from FIG. 13 around the longitudinal axis of the buoy;
FIG. 15 is an elevation view illustrating the method of the present invention, specifically the first step of floating the marine platform to a desired location next to a plurality of buoys that will support the platform; [0054]
FIG. 16 is an elevation view illustrating the method of the present invention, specifically the step of ballasting the buoys relative to the barge during a connection of the buoys to the oil and gas well drilling and/or production facility to be supported; [0055]
FIG. 17 is an elevation view illustrating the method of the present invention including the final step of ballasting the combination of structure and plurality of buoys until a desired elevational position is achieved; [0056]
FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating the first step of the method of the present invention; [0057]
FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating the second step of the method of the present invention; [0058]
FIG. 20 is a perspective view illustrating an alternate method of the present invention wherein the apparatus of the present invention is used to place a marine platform upon a single spar support; [0059]
FIG. 21 is a perspective view illustrating an alternate method of the present invention wherein the apparatus of the present invention is used to place a marine platform upon a single spar support; [0060]
FIG. 22 is an elevation view illustrating an alternate method of the present invention wherein the apparatus of the present invention is used to place a marine platform upon a single spar support; [0061]
FIG. 23 is an elevation view illustrating an alternate method of the present invention wherein the apparatus of the present invention is used to place a marine platform upon a single spar support; [0062]
FIG. 24 is an elevation view illustrating an alternate method of the present invention, showing the platform after placement upon a single spar and removal of all supporting buoys.[0063]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIGS. [0064] 1-6 show a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention designated generally by the numeral 10 in FIGS. 1-4. In FIGS. 1-4, floating marine platform apparatus 10 is shown in a marine environment or ocean 12 having a water surface 11. The apparatus 10 includes a plurality of buoys 13-16, preferably four (optionally between three (3) and eight (8)), that support a superstructure defined by the combination of platform 17 and drilling and/or producing facilities 53. Oil and gas well producing facility as used herein shall include a facility used for oil and gas well drilling or production, or a combination of drilling and production.
Buoys [0065] 13-16 can be any desired shape, including the alternate buoys shown in the drawings or buoys with configurations like those in the September 2000 issue of Offshore Magazine. Platform 17 can be any desired platform or rig, such as a trussed deck constructed of a plurality of upper horizontal members 18, a plurality of lower horizontal members 19, a plurality of vertical members 20 and a plurality of diagonal members 21 to define a trussed deck or platform 17. As shown in FIG. 1, platform 17 can include any desired oil and gas drilling and/or production facility 53, such facilities (in combination with platform 17) defining a superstructure weighing between about 500-100,000 tons, between 3,000-50,000 tons). (See FIGS. 3 and 8).
Each buoy [0066] 13-16 has an upper end portion 22 that can be conically shaped at 23 (see FIGS. 5-6). An attachment portion 24 provides a convex upper surface 25 that receives a correspondingly shaped concave surface 26 of connecting portion 27 of platform 17. The concave surface 26 can be generally hemispherically shaped. However, the concave surface 26 is curved to articulate upon the surface 25.
[0067] Surface 26 is preferably smaller than a full hemispherical surface, sized to articulate upon surface 25 even wherein there is an angular variation that can be as much as 30 degrees (or more) between the central longitudinal axis 29 of any one of the buoys and a pure vertical plane. To address wear, bearing materials may be used in the articulating connections which are conventionally available. A preferred bearing material would be graphite impregnated brass or bronze bushing.
The following equations can be used in sizing the buoys: [0068]
Heave Period T(heave)=2π✓(M/K)
Where [0069]
M=total Heave mass; [0070]
K=Heave stiffness; [0071]
Heave Stiffness K=¼πD ² G
Where [0072]
D=the diameter of the section of the buoy passing through the water plane; [0073]
G=the unit weight of water (approximately 65 pounds per cubic foot); [0074]
Heave Mass M=(Dry buoy mass)+(entrapped fluid mass)+(permanent solid ballast mass)+(added virtual fluid mass)
The buoys may be constructed of stiffened steel plate, or continuously cast (slip formed) concrete or through other conventional construction techniques. Typically, a number of internal stiffeners are included to provide the required overall structural strength. [0075]
The [0076] attachment portion 24 at the upper end of each buoy 13-16 can be reinforced with a plurality of vertical plates 30 as shown in FIG. 6. Likewise, the connection portion 27 of platform 17 can be provided with a plurality of internal reinforcing plates 35. The plates 35 extend between upper curved plate 36 and lower curved plate 37. A conical plate 38 can be attached to (or can be integral with) upper curved plate 36 as shown in FIG. 6. A square harness articulating connection (not shown) going around the primary articulating connection may also be used.
[0077] Platform apparatus 10 can be secured to the sea bed 51 using piling or anchors 52 and mooring lines 32, 41 (FIGS. 1-4, 8). In a preferred embodiment (FIGS. 1-4), one or more mooring lines 32 extend from each buoy 13-16 at an upper padeye 31 to the sea bed 51. The mooring lines in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 extend between padeyes 31 and anchors 52 at sea bed 51.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of [0078] horizontal mooring lines 34 extend between lower padeyes 33 on two buoys 13, 14 as shown in FIG. 1. While the lower horizontal mooring lines 34 are shown connecting to buoys 13, 14, it should be understood that each pair of buoys (14-15, 15-16, 16-13) has a horizontal line 34 extending there between in the same configuration shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 7 shows a first alternate embodiment of the present invention, utilizing tensioned [0079] mooring lines 39 that extend between connection points (eg. padeyes) 40 on each of the buoys 13-16 and anchors (such as 52) embedded in the sea bed 51. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, horizontal mooring lines 34 could optionally be provided between each pair of buoys such as 13 and 14, or 14 and 15, or 15 and 16, or 16 and 13.
FIG. 8 shows an alternate arrangement wherein [0080] caternary mooring lines 41 extend between padeyes 31 and the anchors 52 that are anchored to the sea bed 51. In this embodiment, there are no horizontal lines connecting the buoys.
The plan view of FIG. 2 shows various orientations that could be used for either [0081] mooring lines 32 or mooring lines 41. One arrangement provides a plurality of three mooring lines 32 or 41 attached to each buoy 13-16, the mooring lines 32 or 41 being spaced about 120 degrees apart as shown in hard lines. In phantom lines in FIG. 2, another geometry for the mooring lines 32, 41 is shown, wherein there are two mooring lines for each spur that are about 90 degrees apart.
The [0082] platform 17 is constructed of upper and lower sets of horizontal members 18, 19; vertical members 20; and diagonal members 21.
FIGS. 9, 10 and [0083] 10A show an alternate construction for each of the buoys. It should be understood that a buoy such as one of those shown in FIGS. 9, 10 or 10A could be used to replace any one or all of the buoys 13-16 shown in FIGS. 1-4 and 5-6.
[0084] Buoy 42 can be provided with a variable diameter having a smaller diameter cylindrical middle section 43, and a larger diameter lower section 44 which can be for example, either cylindrical (See FIG. 10) or squared (see FIG. 10A). The cylindrical lower section 44 is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, and the squared lower section 45 shown in FIG. 10A.
Another buoy construction is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. It should be understood that the buoy shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 could be used to replace any one or all of the plurality of buoys [0085] 13-16 of FIGS. 1-6. In FIGS. 11 and 12, the buoy 46 has a cylindrical middle section 47, a conical upper section 48, and a trussed lower section 49. Padeyes 50 on the upper end portion of trussed lower section 49 can be used to support any of the afore described mooring lines such as 32, 39, or 41. In the embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12, each of the buoys 46 can have a similar construction and configuration at the upper end portion to that of a preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-6, providing a conical upper section 48 and a attachment portion 24.
In FIGS. 13 and 14, there can be seen an alternate articulating connection between [0086] platform 17 and a selected buoy 13 (or 14-16 or 42, or 46). A gimble or universal joint 62 arrangement is shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, providing a first pinned connection at 54 and a second pinned connection at 55. The first pin 56 can be of a larger diameter, having a central opening 58 through which the second, smaller diameter pin 57 passes as shown. The central longitudinal axes of the pins 54, 55 preferably intersect. Arrow 59 in FIGS. 13-14 shows that a buoy can optionally be made to rotate relative to the gimbal connection shown. Bearing plates 78, 79 can rotate relative to one another. To minimize frictional force transference and wear, both pins 56, 57 can be mounted in bearings.
Each of the [0087] buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 will move due to current and/or wind and/or wave action or due to other dynamic marine environmental factors. “Articulating connection” as used herein should be understood to mean any connection or joint that connects a buoy to the superstructure, transmits axial and shear forces, and allows the support buoy(s) to move relative to the superstructure without separation, and wherein the bending moment transferred to the superstructure from one of the so connected buoys or from multiple of the so connected buoys is reduced, minimized or substantially eliminated.
In FIGS. [0088] 15-17 and 18-19, the method of the present invention is disclosed. In FIG. 18, arrow 63 designates travel of a transport barge 73 toward a plurality of buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 that have been positioned at a desired location. Buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 are held in that position using for example, a plurality of anchor lines 32 as shown in FIGS. 15-19.
[0089] Transport barge 73 provides an upper deck 74, a bottom 75, a port side 76 and a starboard side 77. The barge 73 also has end portions 64, 65. Transport barge 73 can be any suitable barge having a length, width, and depth that are suitable for transporting a multi-ton superstructure to a job site. Typically, such a superstructure 53 mounted upon platform 17 will be a multi-ton structure that is capable of performing oil and gas well drilling activities and/or oil and gas well production activities.
In FIG. 19, [0090] barge 73 has been positioned next to the plurality of buoys 13, 14, 15, 16. As an example, FIGS. 18-19, the transport barge 73 has been positioned so that the buoys 13, 16 are on the starboard side 77 of transport barge 73. The buoys 14, 15 are positioned on the port side 76 of transport barge 73 as shown in FIGS. 15-17 and 19.
Once in the position shown in FIGS. 15 and 19, a ballasting operation moves the [0091] buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 into contact with the platform 17 so that a connection is perfected. More specifically, the attachment portions 24 of the respective buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 engage and form an articulating connection with the corresponding connecting portions 27 of platform 17 as shown in FIGS. 15-17 and in FIGS. 1-8 and 13-14.
Ballasting can be achieved by initially adding water to the [0092] buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 so that they are at a lower position in the water as shown in FIGS. 15 and 18-19. The water can then be pumped from the interior of each of the buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 as indicated schematically by the numeral 60 in FIG. 16. As water is removed from the interior of each of the buoys 13-16, the water level 61 in each of the buoys 13-16 will drop and each of the buoys 13-16 will rise as indicated schematically by arrows 80 in FIG. 16.
Each of the [0093] buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 will be ballasted upwardly in the direction of arrows 80 until its attachment portion 24 forms a connection with the connecting portion 27 of platform 17. Alternatively, the barge 73 can be positioned as shown in FIGS. 15 and 19. The barge 73 can then be lowered so that the barge 73, platform 17 and drilling/production facility 53 lower with it until the connection portions 27 of platform 17 rest upon the attachment portions 24 of the buoys 13-16.
As still a further alternative, a combination of ballasting of [0094] barge 73 and buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 can be used to connect each of the attachment portions 24 of buoy 13, 14, 15, 16 to platform 17 so that the attachments shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 are achieved. For example, barge 73 can be lowered using ballasting while buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 are simultaneously elevated using ballasting.
For the embodiment of FIGS. 13 and 14, a similar ballasting arrangement can be provided wherein the pinned [0095] connections 54, 55 are added after the platform 17 and buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 are at the proper elevational positions relative to one another.
Once the superstructure that includes [0096] platform 17 and facility 53 is supported as shown in FIG. 17, the superstructure (platform 17 and facility 53) can be placed upon a single spar support 66 if desired using the apparatus 10 of the present invention as a transfer apparatus.
After removal of barge [0097] 73 (see FIGS. 15-19), tow boats 69 can be used to tow each buoy 13, 14, 15, 16 to spar 66. For example, each boat 69 can provide a tow line 70 attached to a buoy 13, 14, 15 or 16, or to deck 17 at a provided attachment 71.
In FIGS. 20, 21, and [0098] 22, the boats 69 pull buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 to a position as shown that overlays platform 17 with upper end portion 67 of spar 66. Ballasting can then be used to either elevate spar 66 or lower buoys 13, 14, 15, 16 (or a combination of such ballasting can be used) to engage spar 66 upper end portion 67 with platform 17 as indicated by arrow 72 in FIG. 23.

Additional ballasting separates each

buoy

13, 14, 15, 16 from platform 17 so that spar 66 alone supports platform 17 and its facility 53 (see FIG. 24).

PARTS LIST

PART NUMBER	DESCRIPTION

10	floating marine platform apparatus
11	water surface
12	ocean
13	buoy
14	buoy
15	buoy
16	buoy
17	platform
18	upper horizontal member
19	lower horizontal member
20	vertical member
21	diagonal member
22	upper end portion
23	conical shape
24	attachment portion
25	convex surface
26	concave surface
27	connecting portion
28	central longitudinal axis
29	axis
30	internal reinforcing plate
31	upper padeye
32	mooring line
33	lower padeye
34	horizontal mooring line
35	internal reinforcing plate
36	upper curved plate
37	lower curved plate
38	conical plate
39	tensioned mooring line
40	padeye
41	caternary mooring line
42	buoy
43	cylindrical middle section
44	cylindrical lower section
45	square lower section
46	buoy
47	cylindrical middle section
48	conical upper section
49	trussed lower section
50	padeye
51	sea bed
52	anchor
53	drilling/production facility
54	pinned connection
55	pinned connection
56	pin
57	pin
58	opening
59	arrow
60	water discharge
61	water level
62	buoy interior
63	arrow
64	end portion
65	end portion
66	spar
67	upper end portion
68	arrow
69	tow boat
70	tow line
71	attachment
72	arrow
73	barge
74	barge deck
75	bottom
76	port side
77	starboard side
78	bearing plate
79	bearing plate
80	directional arrows

The foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only; the scope of the present invention is to be limited only by the following claims. [0100]

Claims

1. A method of installing an oil and gas well drilling or production platform in an offshore deep water marine environment, comprising the steps of:

a) placing a plurality of buoys;

b) floating a platform in the marine environment having an oil and gas well drilling or production facility to the location of the buoys, the platform including a peripheral portion that includes a plurality of connecting positions, one connecting position for each buoy; and

c) ballasting the platform and buoys relative to one another until each buoy connects with the platform and substantially all of the weight of the platform is supported by the buoys.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of making articulating connections that connect each buoy to the platform at respective connecting positions, the plurality of articulating connections allowing for buoy motions induced by sea movement while reducing sea movement effect on the platform.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of mooring each buoy with an anchor line.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein each of the articulating connections includes correspondingly concave and convex engaging portions.

5. The marine platform of claim 2 wherein the buoy has a convex articulating portion and the platform has a concave articulating portion and in step “c” the barge and buoys are ballasted until concave and convex portions engage for each buoy and the platform.

6. The marine platform of claim 2 wherein the buoy has a concave articulating portion and the platform has a convex articulating portion.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein each buoy has a height and a diameter, the height being greater than the diameter, and further comprising the step of positioning the barge in between at least two buoys.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein there are at least three buoys and at least three attachment positions.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein there are at least four buoys.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the platform is comprised of a trussed deck and wherein steps “b” and “c” include connecting each buoy to the trussed deck.

11. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of providing a single spar and transferring the platform from the buoys to the single spar.

12. A method of installing an oil and gas well production platform in an offshore deep water marine environment, comprising the steps of:

a) floating a multi-ton package to a selected offshore location, the package having a plurality of connectors and wherein the connectors are preliminarily positioned at a higher elevational position;

b) positioning a plurality of floating buoys at a selected offshore location, each buoy having a buoy connector portion at its upper end;

c) preliminarily positioning the buoy connectors at a selected elevational position;

d) ballasting the floating package and buoys relative to one another so that the package connectors and the buoy connectors engage to define a plurality of articulating connections and where substantially all of the weight of the platform is supported by the buoys.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein step “a” comprises floating a multi-ton package to a selected offshore location, the package having an oil and gas well drilling facility thereon and a plurality of connectors, and wherein the connectors are preliminarily positioned at a higher elevational position.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein in step “d”, the floating package is ballasted from a higher elevational position to a lower elevational position that engages the connectors of the package with the buoy connectors.

15. The method of claim 12 wherein in step “d” the buoys are ballasted from a lower position to a higher position that engages the plurality of package connectors and plurality of buoy connectors.

16. The method of claim 12 wherein in step “a” there is provided a barge having a deck that supports the multi-ton package and step “a” includes floating the multi-ton package and barge to a selected offshore location.

17. The method of claim 12 wherein in step “d”, the articulating connections each include correspondingly shaped concave and convex portions.

18. The method of claim 12 wherein the articulating connections include universal joint connections.

19. The method of claim 12 wherein in steps “a” through “c”, the floating package is positioned in between first and second pairs of the buoys.

20. The method of claim 12 wherein steps “a” through “c” include positioning the package in between first and second pairs of the buoys and wherein the buoys have submerged portions that do not make contact with the floating package.

21. A method of installing an oil and gas well production platform in an offshore deep water marine environment, comprising the steps of:

d) ballasting the floating package and buoys relative to one another so that the package connectors and the buoy connectors engage to define a plurality of articulating connectors, including at least one articulating connector for each floating buoy.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising the steps of providing a single spar and transferring the platform from the buoys to the single spar.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising the step of ballasting the buoys and spar relative to one another during the transfer.

24. The method of claim 21 further comprising the step of making articulating connections that connect each buoy to the platform at respective connecting positions, the plurality of articulating connections allowing for buoy motions induced by sea movement while reducing sea movement effect on the platform.

25. The method of claim 21 wherein each of the articulating connections includes correspondingly concave and convex engaging portions.

26. The marine platform of claim 21 wherein the buoy has a convex articulating portion and the platform has a concave articulating portion and in step “c” the barge and buoys are ballasted until concave and convex portions engage for each buoy and the platform.

27. The marine platform of claim 21 wherein the buoy has a concave articulating portion and the platform has a convex articulating portion.

28. The method of claim 21 wherein each buoy has a height and a diameter, the height being greater than the diameter, and further comprising the step of positioning the barge in between at least two buoys.

29. The method of claim 21 wherein the platform is comprised of a trussed deck and wherein steps “b” and “c” include connecting each buoy to the trussed deck.

30. A method of installing an oil and gas well production platform in an offshore deep water marine environment, comprising the steps of:

d) positioning a floating spar next to the combination of buoys and multi-ton package; and

e) transferring the package from the buoys to the spar by laterally moving the spar relative to the combination of buoys and package until they are generally vertically aligned and then lowering the package to the spar.