US20030027824A1 - Pyrazolopyrimidinones for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction - Google Patents

Pyrazolopyrimidinones for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction Download PDF

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US20030027824A1
US20030027824A1 US10/202,962 US20296202A US2003027824A1 US 20030027824 A1 US20030027824 A1 US 20030027824A1 US 20296202 A US20296202 A US 20296202A US 2003027824 A1 US2003027824 A1 US 2003027824A1
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Peter Ellis
Nicholas Terrett
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/02—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/08—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/10—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for impotence

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the use of a series of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones for the treatment of impotence.
  • Impotence can be defined literally as a lack of power, in the male, to copulate and may involve an inability to achieve penile erection or ejaculation, or both. More specifically, erectile impotence or dysfunction may be defined as an inability to obtain or sustain an erection adequate for intercourse. Its prevalence is claimed to be between 2 and 7% of the human male population, increasing with age, up to 50 years, and between 18 and 75% between 55 and 80 years of age. In the USA alone, for example, it has been estimated that there are up to 10 million impotent males, with the majority suffering from problems of organic rather than of psychogenic origin.
  • KCO Potassium channel openers
  • VIP vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
  • GTN glyceryl trinitrate
  • the compounds of the invention are potent inhibitors of cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterases (cGMP PDES) in contrast to their inhibition of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterases (cAMP PDEs).
  • cGMP PDES cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterases
  • cAMP PDEs cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterases
  • post-PTCA post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
  • peripheral vascular disease stroke, bronchitis, allergic asthma, chronic asthma, allergic rhinitis, glaucoma, and diseases characterised by disorders of gut motility, e.g. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  • IBS irritable bowel syndrome
  • R 1 is H; C 1 -C 3 alkyl; C 1 -C 3 perfluoroalkyl; or C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is H; C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; C 1 -C 3 perfluoroalkyl;
  • R 3 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; C 1 -C 6 perfluoroalkyl; C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl; C 3 -C 6 alkenyl; or C 3 -C 6 alkynyl;
  • R 4 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, NR 5 R 6 , CN, CONR 5 R 6 or CO 2 R 7 ; C 2 -C 4 alkenyl optionally substituted with CN, CONR 5 R 6 or CO 2 R 7 ; C 2 -C 4 alkanoyl optionally substituted with NR 5 R 6 ; (hydroxy)C 2 -C 4 alkyl optionally substituted with NR 5 R 6 ; (C 2 -C 3 alkoxy)C 1 -C 2 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or NR 5 R 6 ; CONR 5 R 6 ; CO 2 R 7 ; halo; NR 5 R 6 ; NHSO 2 NR 5 R 6 ; NHSO 2 R 8 ; SO 2 NR 9 R 10 ; or phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl or triazo
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, morpholino, 4-N(R 11 )-piperazinyl or imidazolyl group wherein said group is optionally substituted with methyl or OH;
  • R 7 is H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • R 8 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with NR 5 R 6 ;
  • R 9 and R 10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, morpholino or 4-N(R 12 )-piperazinyl group wherein said group is optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, NR 13 R 14 or CONR 13 R 14 ;
  • R 11 is H; C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with phenyl; (hydroxy)C 2 -C 3 alkyl; or C 1 -C 4 alkanoyl;
  • R 12 is H; C 1 -C 6 alkyl; (C 1 -C 3 alkoxy)C 2 -C 6 alkyl; (hydroxy)C 2 -C 6 alkyl; (R 13 R 14 N)C 2 -C 6 alkyl; (R 13 R 14 NOC)C 1 -C 6 alkyl; CONR 13 R 14 ; CSNR 13 R 14 ; or C(NH)NR 13 R 14 ; and
  • R 13 and R 14 are each independently H; C 1 -C 4 alkyl; (C 1 -C 3 alkoxy)C 2 -C 4 alkyl; or (hydroxy)C 2 -C 4 alkyl;
  • alkyl groups having three or more carbon atoms alkenyl and alkynyl groups having four or more carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having three carbon atoms and alkanoyl groups having four carbon atoms may be straight chain or branched chain.
  • Halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may contain one or more asymmetric centres and thus they can exist as enantiomers or diastereoisomers. Furthermore, certain compounds of formula (I) which contain alkenyl groups may exist as cis-isomers or trans-isomers. In each instance, the invention includes both mixtures and separate individual isomers.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may also exist in tautomeric forms and the invention includes both mixtures and separate individual tautomers.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) which contain a basic centre are, for example, non-toxic acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric and phosphoric acid, with organo-carboxylic acids, or with organo-sulphonic acids.
  • Compounds of formula (I) can also provide pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, in particular non-toxic alkali metal salts, with bases. Examples include the sodium and potassium salts.
  • a more preferred group of compounds of formula (I) is that wherein R 1 is methyl or ethyl; R 2 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl; R 3 is ethyl, n-propyl or allyl; R 4 is CH 2 NR 5 R 6 , COCH 2 NR 5 R 6 , CH(OH)CH 2 NR 5 R 6 , CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OH, CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 NR 5 R 6 , CH ⁇ CHCON(CH 3 ) 2 , CH ⁇ CHCO 2 R 7 , CONR 5 R 6 , CO 2 H, Br, NHSO 2 NR 5 R 6 , NHSO 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NR 5 R 6 , SO 2 NR 9 R 10 , 2-pyridyl, 1-imidazolyl or 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl; R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperidino, 4-hydroxypiperidino
  • a particularly preferred group of compounds of formula (I) is that wherein R 1 is methyl or ethyl; R 2 is n-propyl; R 3 is ethyl, n-propyl or allyl; R 4 is COCH 2 NR 5 R 6 , CONR 5 R 6 , SO 2 NR 9 R 10 or 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl; R 5 and R 6 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a morpholino or 4-N(R 11 )-piperazinyl group; R 9 and R 10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4-N(R 12 )-piperazinyl group; R 11 is methyl or acetyl; and R 12 is H, methyl, 2-propyl or 2-hydroxyethyl.
  • Especially preferred individual compounds of the invention include:
  • Fresh frozen human penis was obtained from IIAM (Pennsylvania). Tissue was thawed at room temperature, the corpus cavernosum was dissected from the penis to yield approximately 2-4 g of tissue and the following isolation protocol was followed. Tissue was coarsely chopped in ice-cold isotonic buffer (35 ml) containing 250 mM sucrose, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5mM PMSF and 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.2, and the mixture subjected to brief (1 min.) treatment with a Silversen mixer/emulsifier. Homogenates were prepared using homogeniser tubes with teflon pestles and soluble fraction was prepared by centrifugation at 100,000 ⁇ g for 60 min.
  • Inhibition studies were performed using a substrate concentration of 500 nM throughout. All inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO and concentration-response curves were constructed over the range 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 M in half log increments. IC 50 values were calculated using the sigmoidal curve fitting algorithm of biostat.
  • fraction I Human corpus cavernosum soluble PDEs were separated into three distinct fractions of activity.
  • fraction I represents the major PDE present and is highly selective for cGMP as substrate. This fraction was found to be insensitive to stimulation by calcium/calmodulin and was classified as PDE V .
  • Fraction II hydrolyses cGMP and cAMP, with the latter activity being stimulated in the presence of cGMP, and is classified as PDE II , whilst fraction III is cAMP selective and this activity is inhibited in the presence of cGMP, consistent with PDE III activity.
  • the compounds of the invention have been tested in vitro and found to be potent and selective inhibitors of the cGMP-specific PDE V .
  • relaxation of the corpus cavernosum tissue and consequent penile erection is presumably mediated by elevation of cGMP levels in the said tissue, by virtue of the PDE inhibitory profile of the compounds of the invention.
  • the compounds of the invention are envisaged primarily for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or male sexual dysfunction, they may also be useful for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction including orgasmic dysfunction related to clitoral disturbances.
  • oral administration of the compounds of the invention is the preferred route, being the most convenient and avoiding the disadvantages associated with i.c. administration.
  • a preferred dosing regimen for a typical man is 5 to 75 mg of compound three times daily.
  • the drug may be administered parenterally, e.g. sublingually or buccally.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a non-toxic salt thereof is administered as a suitably acceptable formulation in accordance with normal veterinary practice and the veterinary surgeon will determine the dosing regimen and route of administration which will be most appropriate for a particular male animal.
  • the invention includes a pharmaceutical composition for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man, comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating a male animal, including man, to cure or prevent erectile dysfunction which comprises treating said male animal with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity.
  • the invention includes the use of a cGMP PDE inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity, for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man.
  • the invention also includes a method of treating a male animal, including man, to cure or prevent erectile dysfunction, which comprises treating said male animal with an effective amount of a cGMP PDE inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity.
  • the invention includes the use of a cGMP PDE inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity, for the manufacture of a medicament for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man.

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Abstract

The use of a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is H; C1-C3 alkyl; C1-C3 perfluomalkyl; or C3-C5 cycloalkyl; R2 is H; optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; C1-C3 pefluoroalkyl; or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; R3 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl; C3-C5 cycloalkyl; C3-C6 alkenyl; or C3-C6 alkynyl; R4 is optionally substituted C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, C2-C4 alkanoyl, (hydroxy)C2-C4 alkyl or (C2-C3 alkoxy)C1-C2 alkyl; CONR5R6; CO2R7; halo; NR5R6; NHSO2NR5R6; NHSO2R8; SO2NR9R10; or phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl or triazolyl any of which is optionally substituted with methyl; R5 and R6 are each independently H or C1-C4 alkyl, or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, morpholino, 4-N(R11)-piperazinyl or imidazolyl group; R7 is H or C1-C4 alkyl; R8 is optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl; R9 and R10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, morpholino or 4-N(R12)-piperazinyl group; R11 is H; optionally substituted C1-C3 alkyl; (hydroxy)C2-C3 alkyl; or C1-C4 alkanoyl; R12 is H; optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; CONR13R14. CSNR13R14; or C(NH)NR13R14; and R?13? and R14 are each independently H; C1-C4 alkyl; or substituted C2-C4 alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity, for the manufacture of a medicament for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man; a pharmaceutical composition for said treatment; and a method of said treatment of said male animal with said pharmaceutical composition or with said either entity.

Description

  • This invention relates to the use of a series of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones for the treatment of impotence. [0001]
  • Impotence can be defined literally as a lack of power, in the male, to copulate and may involve an inability to achieve penile erection or ejaculation, or both. More specifically, erectile impotence or dysfunction may be defined as an inability to obtain or sustain an erection adequate for intercourse. Its prevalence is claimed to be between 2 and 7% of the human male population, increasing with age, up to 50 years, and between 18 and 75% between 55 and 80 years of age. In the USA alone, for example, it has been estimated that there are up to 10 million impotent males, with the majority suffering from problems of organic rather than of psychogenic origin. [0002]
  • Reports of well-controlled clinical trials in man are few and the efficacy of orally administered drugs is low. Although many different drugs have been shown to induce penile erection, they are only effective after direct injection into the penis, e.g. intraurethrally or intracavernosally (i.c.), and are not approved for erectile dysfunction. Current medical treatment is based on the i.c injection of vasoactive substances and good results have been claimed with phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, papaverine and prostaglandin E[0003] 1, either alone or in combination; however, pain, priapism and fibrosis of the penis are associated with the i.c. administration of some of these agents. Potassium channel openers (KCO) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) have also been shown to be active i.c., but cost and stability issues could limit development of the latter. An alternative to the i.c. route is the use of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) patches applied to the penis, which has been shown to be effective but produces side-effects in both patient and partner.
  • As a general alternative to pharmacological intervention, a variety of penile prostheses has been used to assist achievement of an erection. The short term success rate is good, but problems with infection and ischaemia, especially in diabetic men, make this type of treatment a final option rather than first-line therapy. [0004]
  • The compounds of the invention are potent inhibitors of cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterases (cGMP PDES) in contrast to their inhibition of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate phosphodiesterases (cAMP PDEs). This selective enzyme inhibition leads to elevated cGMP levels which, in turn, provides the basis for the utilities already disclosed for the said compounds in EP-A-0463756 and EP-A-0526004, namely in the treatment of stable, unstable and variant (Prinzmetal) angina, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, conditions of reduced blood vessel patency e.g. post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (post-PTCA), peripheral vascular disease, stroke, bronchitis, allergic asthma, chronic asthma, allergic rhinitis, glaucoma, and diseases characterised by disorders of gut motility, e.g. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). [0005]
  • Unexpectedly, it has now been found that these disclosed compounds are useful in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Furthermore the compounds may be administered orally, thereby obviating the disadvantages associated with i.c. administration. Thus the present invention concerns the use of a compound of formula (I): [0006]
    Figure US20030027824A1-20030206-C00001
  • wherein [0007]
  • R[0008] 1 is H; C1-C3 alkyl; C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl; or C3-C5 cycloalkyl;
  • R[0009] 2 is H; C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with C3-C6 cycloalkyl; C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl;
  • or C[0010] 3-C6 cycloalkyl,
  • R[0011] 3 is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with C3-C6 cycloalkyl; C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl; C3-C5 cycloalkyl; C3-C6 alkenyl; or C3-C6 alkynyl;
  • R[0012] 4 is C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, NR5R6, CN, CONR5R6 or CO2R7; C2-C4 alkenyl optionally substituted with CN, CONR5R6 or CO2R7; C2-C4 alkanoyl optionally substituted with NR5R6; (hydroxy)C2-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with NR5R6; (C2-C3 alkoxy)C1-C2 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or NR5R6; CONR5R6; CO2R7; halo; NR5R6; NHSO2NR5R6; NHSO2R8; SO2NR9R10; or phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl or triazolyl any of which is optionally substituted with methyl;
  • R[0013] 5 and R6 are each independently H or C1-C4 alkyl, or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, morpholino, 4-N(R11)-piperazinyl or imidazolyl group wherein said group is optionally substituted with methyl or OH;
  • R[0014] 7 is H or C1-C4 alkyl;
  • R[0015] 8 is C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with NR5R6;
  • R[0016] 9 and R10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, morpholino or 4-N(R12)-piperazinyl group wherein said group is optionally substituted with C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, NR13R14 or CONR13R14;
  • R[0017] 11 is H; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with phenyl; (hydroxy)C2-C3 alkyl; or C1-C4 alkanoyl;
  • R[0018] 12 is H; C1-C6 alkyl; (C1-C3 alkoxy)C2-C6 alkyl; (hydroxy)C2-C6 alkyl; (R13R14N)C2-C6 alkyl; (R13R14NOC)C1-C6 alkyl; CONR13R14; CSNR13R14; or C(NH)NR13R14; and
  • R[0019] 13 and R14 are each independently H; C1-C4 alkyl; (C1-C3 alkoxy)C2-C4 alkyl; or (hydroxy)C2-C4 alkyl;
  • or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity, for the manufacture of a medicament for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man. [0020]
  • In the above definition, unless otherwise indicated, alkyl groups having three or more carbon atoms, alkenyl and alkynyl groups having four or more carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having three carbon atoms and alkanoyl groups having four carbon atoms may be straight chain or branched chain. Halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo. [0021]
  • The compounds of formula (I) may contain one or more asymmetric centres and thus they can exist as enantiomers or diastereoisomers. Furthermore, certain compounds of formula (I) which contain alkenyl groups may exist as cis-isomers or trans-isomers. In each instance, the invention includes both mixtures and separate individual isomers. [0022]
  • The compounds of formula (I) may also exist in tautomeric forms and the invention includes both mixtures and separate individual tautomers. [0023]
  • The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) which contain a basic centre are, for example, non-toxic acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric and phosphoric acid, with organo-carboxylic acids, or with organo-sulphonic acids. Compounds of formula (I) can also provide pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, in particular non-toxic alkali metal salts, with bases. Examples include the sodium and potassium salts. [0024]
  • A preferred group of compounds of formula (I) is that wherein R[0025] 1 is H, methyl or ethyl; R2 is C1-C3 alkyl; R3 is C2-C3 alkyl or allyl; R4 is C1-C2 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, NR5R6, CN, CONR5R6 or CO2R7; acetyl optionally substituted with NR5R6; hydroxyethyl optionally substituted with NR5R6; ethoxymethyl optionally substituted with OH or NR5R6; CH═CHCN; CH═CHCONR5R6; CH═CHCO2R7; CONR5R6; CO2H; Br; NR5R6; NHSO2NR5R6; NHSO2R8; SO2NR9R10; or pyridyl or imidazolyl either of which is optionally substituted with methyl; R5 and R6 are each independently H, methyl or ethyl, or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperidino, morpholino, 4-N(R11)-piperazinyl or imidazolyl group wherein said group is optionally substituted with methyl or OH; R7 is H or t-butyl; R8 is methyl or CH2CH2CH2NR5R6; R9 and R10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperidino or 4-N(R12)-piperazinyl group wherein said group is optionally substituted with NR13R14 or CONR13R14; R11 is H, methyl, benzyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or acetyl; R12 is H, C1-C3 alkyl, (hydroxy)C2-C3 alkyl, CSNR13R14 or C(NH)NR13R14; and R13 and R14 are each independently H or methyl.
  • A more preferred group of compounds of formula (I) is that wherein R[0026] 1 is methyl or ethyl; R2 is C1-C3 alkyl; R3 is ethyl, n-propyl or allyl; R4 is CH2NR5R6, COCH2NR5R6, CH(OH)CH2NR5R6, CH2OCH2CH3, CH2OCH2CH2OH, CH2OCH2CH2NR5R6, CH═CHCON(CH3)2, CH═CHCO2R7, CONR5R6, CO2H, Br, NHSO2NR5R6, NHSO2CH2CH2CH2NR5R6, SO2NR9R10, 2-pyridyl, 1-imidazolyl or 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl; R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperidino, 4-hydroxypiperidino, morpholino, 4-N(R11)-piperazinyl or 2-methyl-1-imidazolyl group; R7 is H or t-butyl; R9 and R10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4-carbamoylpiperidino or 4-N(R12)-piperazinyl group; R11 is H, methyl, benzyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or acetyl; and R12 is H, C1-C3 alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or CSNH2.
  • A particularly preferred group of compounds of formula (I) is that wherein R[0027] 1 is methyl or ethyl; R2 is n-propyl; R3 is ethyl, n-propyl or allyl; R4 is COCH2NR5R6, CONR5R6, SO2NR9R10 or 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl; R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a morpholino or 4-N(R11)-piperazinyl group; R9 and R10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4-N(R12)-piperazinyl group; R11 is methyl or acetyl; and R12 is H, methyl, 2-propyl or 2-hydroxyethyl.
  • Especially preferred individual compounds of the invention include: [0028]
  • 5-(2-ethoxy-5-morpholinoacetylphenyl)-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one; [0029]
  • 5-(5-morpholinoacetyl-2-n-propoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one; [0030]
  • 5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylsulphonyl)-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one; [0031]
  • 5-[2-allyloxy-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylsulphonyl)-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one; [0032]
  • 5-{2-ethoxy-5-[4-(2-propyl)-1-piperazinyl-sulphonyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one; [0033]
  • 5-{2-ethoxy-5-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl-sulphonyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one; [0034]
  • 5-{5-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinylsulphonyl]-2-n-propoxyphenyl}-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one; [0035]
  • 5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylcarbonyl)-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one; [0036]
  • and 5-[2-ethoxy-5-(1-methyl-2-imidazolyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one. [0037]
  • The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, processes for the preparation thereof, in vitro test methods for determining the cGMP PDE and cAMP PDE inhibitory activities thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and routes of administration for human use, are described in EP-A-0463756 and EP-A-0526004. [0038]
  • A preliminary investigation was carried out with a view to isolating and characterising the cyclic nucleotide PDEs of human corpus cavernosum, relaxation of which leads to penile erection. Studies of substrate specificity, response to activators and inhibitor sensitivity, have demonstrated that human corpus cavernosum contains three distinct PDE enzymes. [0039]
  • Methods [0040]
  • Fresh frozen human penis was obtained from IIAM (Pennsylvania). Tissue was thawed at room temperature, the corpus cavernosum was dissected from the penis to yield approximately 2-4 g of tissue and the following isolation protocol was followed. Tissue was coarsely chopped in ice-cold isotonic buffer (35 ml) containing 250 mM sucrose, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5mM PMSF and 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.2, and the mixture subjected to brief (1 min.) treatment with a Silversen mixer/emulsifier. Homogenates were prepared using homogeniser tubes with teflon pestles and soluble fraction was prepared by centrifugation at 100,000×g for 60 min. at 4° C. 10 ml of high speed supernatant was applied to a Pharmacia Mono Q anion exchange column (1 ml bed volume) equilibrated with buffer containing 1 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM PMSF and 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.2 (chromatography buffer). The column was then washed with 5 bed volumes of chromatography buffer, after which PDEs were eluted using a continuous gradient of 0-500mM NaCl (total volume 35 ml) and 1 ml fractions collected. [0041]
  • Column fractions were assayed for PDE activity using 500 nM cGMP or 500 nM CAMP as substrate. cAMP PDE activity was also determined in the presence of 1 μM unlabelled cGMP and the PDE activity of selected fractions was determined in the presence of 10 mM CaCl[0042] 2 and 10 units/ml bovine brain calmodulin. Appropriate fractions were pooled and stored at 4° C. during the course of the study.
  • Inhibition studies were performed using a substrate concentration of 500 nM throughout. All inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO and concentration-response curves were constructed over the range 3×10[0043] −10 to 1×10−4M in half log increments. IC50 values were calculated using the sigmoidal curve fitting algorithm of biostat.
  • Results [0044]
  • Human corpus cavernosum soluble PDEs were separated into three distinct fractions of activity. The first, fraction I, (designated by order of elution) represents the major PDE present and is highly selective for cGMP as substrate. This fraction was found to be insensitive to stimulation by calcium/calmodulin and was classified as PDE[0045] V. Fraction II hydrolyses cGMP and cAMP, with the latter activity being stimulated in the presence of cGMP, and is classified as PDEII, whilst fraction III is cAMP selective and this activity is inhibited in the presence of cGMP, consistent with PDEIII activity.
  • In order to further characterise the PDE isoenzymes present in the tissue, studies were performed using a variety of inhibitors. Inhibitor studies with fractions I and II were performed using cGMP as substrate, whilst fraction III studies utilised cAMP. These studies confirmed that fraction I corresponds to PDE[0046] V, whilst fraction III was clearly identified as PDEIII; fraction II (PDEII) was relatively insensitive to all the inhibitors tested.
  • In summary, the above investigation identified three PDE isoenzymes in human corpus cavernosum tissue. The predominant PDE is the cGMP-specific PDE[0047] V, whilst cGMP-stimulated cAMP PDEII and cGMP-inhibited cAMP PDEIII are also present.
  • The compounds of the invention have been tested in vitro and found to be potent and selective inhibitors of the cGMP-specific PDE[0048] V. For example, one of the especially preferred compounds of the invention has an IC50=6.8 nM v. the PDEV enzyme, but demonstrates only weak inhibitory activity against the PDEII and PDEIII enzymes with IC50=>100 μM and 34 μM respectively. Thus relaxation of the corpus cavernosum tissue and consequent penile erection is presumably mediated by elevation of cGMP levels in the said tissue, by virtue of the PDE inhibitory profile of the compounds of the invention.
  • Furthermore, none of the compounds of the invention tested in rat and dog, both intravenously (i.v.) and orally (p.o.) at up to 3 mg/Kg, has shown any overt sign of adverse acute toxicity. In mouse, no deaths occurred after doses of up to 100 mg/Kg i.v. Certain especially preferred compounds showed no toxic effects on chronic p.o. administration to rat at up to 10 mg/Kg and to dog at up to 20 mg/Kg. [0049]
  • In man, certain especially preferred compounds have been tested orally in both single dose and multiple dose volunteer studies. Moreover, patient studies conducted thus far have confirmed that one of the especially preferred compounds induces penile erection in impotent males. [0050]
  • Although the compounds of the invention are envisaged primarily for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or male sexual dysfunction, they may also be useful for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction including orgasmic dysfunction related to clitoral disturbances. [0051]
  • Generally, in man, oral administration of the compounds of the invention is the preferred route, being the most convenient and avoiding the disadvantages associated with i.c. administration. A preferred dosing regimen for a typical man is 5 to 75 mg of compound three times daily. In circumstances where the recipient suffers from a swallowing disorder or from impairment of drug absorption after oral administration, the drug may be administered parenterally, e.g. sublingually or buccally. [0052]
  • For veterinary use, a compound of formula (I) or a non-toxic salt thereof is administered as a suitably acceptable formulation in accordance with normal veterinary practice and the veterinary surgeon will determine the dosing regimen and route of administration which will be most appropriate for a particular male animal. [0053]
  • Thus the invention includes a pharmaceutical composition for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man, comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. [0054]
  • There is further provided a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man, comprising formulating a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. [0055]
  • The invention also provides a method of treating a male animal, including man, to cure or prevent erectile dysfunction which comprises treating said male animal with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity. [0056]
  • In a further aspect, the invention includes the use of a cGMP PDE inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity, for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man. [0057]
  • The invention also includes a method of treating a male animal, including man, to cure or prevent erectile dysfunction, which comprises treating said male animal with an effective amount of a cGMP PDE inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity. [0058]
  • Moreover, the invention includes the use of a cGMP PDE inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity, for the manufacture of a medicament for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man. [0059]

Claims (11)

1. The use of a compound of formula (I):
Figure US20030027824A1-20030206-C00002
wherein
R1 is H; C1-C3 alkyl; C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl; or C3-C5 cycloalkyl;
R2 is H; C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with C3-C6 cycloalkyl; C1-C3 perfluoroalkyl;
or C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
R3 is C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with C3-C6 cycloalkyl; C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl; C3-C5 cycloalkyl; C3-C6 alkenyl; or C3-C6 alkynyl;
R4 is C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, NR5R6, CN, CONR5R6 or CO2R7; C2-C4 alkenyl optionally substituted with CN, CONR5R6 or CO2R7; C2-C4 alkanoyl optionally substituted with NR5R6; (hydroxy)C2-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with NR5R6; (C2-C3 alkoxy)C1-C2 alkyl optionally substituted with OH or NR5R6; CONR5R6; CO2R7; halo; NR5R6; NHSO2NR5R6;
NHSO2R8; SO2NR9R10; or phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl or triazolyl any of which is optionally substituted with methyl;
R5 and R6 are each independently H or C1-C4 alkyl, or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, morpholino, 4-N(R11) -piperazinyl or imidazolyl group wherein said group is optionally substituted with methyl or OH;
R7 is H or C1-C4 alkyl;
R8 is C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with NR5R6;
R9 and R10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, morpholino or 4-N(R12)-piperazinyl group wherein said group is optionally substituted with C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, NR13R14 or CONR13R14;
R11 is H; C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with phenyl; (hydroxy)C2-C3 alkyl; or C1-C4 alkanoyl;
R12 is H; C1-C6 alkyl; (C1-C3 alkoxy)C2-C6 alkyl; (hydroxy)C2-C6 alkyl; (R13R14N )C2-C6 alkyl; (R13R14NOC)C1-C6 alkyl; CONR13R14;
CSNR13R14; or C(NH)NR13R14; and
R13 and R14 are each independently H; C1-C4 alkyl; (C1-C3 alkoxy)C2-C4 alkyl; or (hydroxy)C2-C4 alkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity, for the manufacture of a medicament for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man.
2. The use according to claim 1 wherein in the compound of formula (I) R1 is H, methyl or ethyl; R2 is C1-C3 alkyl; R3 is C2-C3 alkyl or allyl; R4 is C1-C2 alkyl optionally substituted with OH, NR5R6, CN, CONR5R6 or CO2R7; acetyl optionally substituted with NR5R6; hydroxyethyl optionally substituted with NR5R6; ethoxymethyl optionally substituted with OH or NR5R6; CH═CHCN; CH═CHCONR5R6; CH═CHCO2R7; CONR5R6; CO2H; Br; NR5R6; NHSO2NR5R6; NHSO2R8; SO2NR9R10; or pyridyl or imidazolyl either of which is optionally substituted with methyl; R5 and R6 are each independently H, methyl or ethyl, or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperidino, morpholino, 4-N(R11)-piperazinyl or imidazolyl group wherein said group is optionally substituted with methyl or OH; R7 is H or t-butyl; R8 is methyl or CH2CH2CH2NR5R6; R9 and R10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperidino or 4-N(R12)-piperazinyl group wherein said group is optionally substituted with NR13R14 or CONR13R14; R11 is H, methyl, benzyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or acetyl; R12 is H, C1-C3 alkyl, (hydroxy)C2-C3 alkyl, CSNR13R14 or C(NH)NR13R14; and R13 and R14 are each independently H or methyl.
3. The use according to claim 2 wherein in the compound of formula (I) R1 is methyl or ethyl; R2 is C1-C3 alkyl; R3 is ethyl, n-propyl or allyl; R4 is CH2NR5R6, COCH2NR5R6, CH(OH)CH2NR5R6, CH2OCH2CH3, CH2OCH2CH2OH, CH2OCH2CH2NR5R6, CH═CHCON(CH3 )2, CH═CHCO2R7, CONR5R6, CO2H, Br, NHSO2NR5R6, NHSO2CH2CH2CH2NR5R6, SO2NR9R10, 2-pyridyl, 1-imidazolyl or 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl; R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a piperidino, 4-hydroxypiperidino, morpholino, 4-N(R11)-piperazinyl or 2-methyl-1-imidazolyl group; R7 is H or t-butyl; R9 and R10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4-carbamoylpiperidino or 4-N(R12)-piperazinyl group; R11 is H, methyl, benzyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or acetyl; and R12 is H, C1-C3 alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or CSNH2.
4. The use according to claim 3 wherein in the compound of formula (I) R1 is methyl or ethyl; R2 is n-propyl; R3 is ethyl, n-propyl or allyl; R4 is COCH2NR5R6, CONR5R6 , SO2NR9R10 or 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl; R5 and R6 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a morpholino or 4-N(R11)-piperazinyl group; R9 and R10 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 4-N(R12)-piperazinyl group; R11 is methyl or acetyl; and R12 is H, methyl, 2-propyl or 2-hydroxyethyl.
5. The use according to claim 4 wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from:
5-(2-ethoxy-5-morpholinoacetylphenyl)-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one;
5-(5-morpholinoacetyl-2-n-propoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one;
5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylsulphonyl)-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one;
5-[2-allyloxy-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylsulphonyl)-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one;
5-{2-ethoxy-5-[4-(2-propyl)-1-piperazinyl-sulphonyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one;
5-{2-ethoxy-5-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl-sulphonyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one;
5-{5-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinylsulphonyl]-2-n-propoxyphenyl}-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one;
5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylcarbonyl)-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one;
and 5-[2-ethoxy-5-(1-methyl-2-imidazolyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one.
6. A pharmaceutical composition for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man, comprising a compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
7. A process for the preparation of a pharmaceutial composition for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man, comprising formulating a compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
8. A method of treating a male animal, including man, to cure or prevent erectile dysfunction which comprises treating said male animal with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity.
9. The use of a cGMP PDE inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity, for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man.
10. A method of treating a male animal, including man, to cure or prevent erectile dysfunction, which comprises treating said male animal with an effective amount of a cGMP PDE inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity.
11. The use of a cGMP PDE inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing either entity, for the manufacture of a medicament for the curative or prophylactic treatment of erectile dysfunction in a male animal, including man.
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