US20030021856A1 - New use of ammonium compounds and/or urea - Google Patents
New use of ammonium compounds and/or urea Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030021856A1 US20030021856A1 US09/987,558 US98755801A US2003021856A1 US 20030021856 A1 US20030021856 A1 US 20030021856A1 US 98755801 A US98755801 A US 98755801A US 2003021856 A1 US2003021856 A1 US 2003021856A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- infant
- infant formula
- urea
- ammonium chloride
- pap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/20—Dietetic milk products not covered by groups A23C9/12 - A23C9/18
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/17—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having the group >N—C(O)—N< or >N—C(S)—N<, e.g. urea, thiourea, carmustine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/02—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/62—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving urea
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S297/00—Chairs and seats
- Y10S297/08—Inflatable bellows
Definitions
- portal area especially at acidosis, can be utilized for synthesis of glutamine in the liver. It is also known by intensive care physicians that ammonium chloride supplied intravenously and perorally lowers base excess values and such supply is accordingly used as a matter of routine for the treatment of a metabolic alkalosis. When the patient treated is breathing by himself, the supply of ammonium will bring about a so-called compensatory hyperventilation.
- RQ Respiratory Quotient
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
The use of a physiologically innocuous ammonium compound and/or urea as an additive to an infant formula or a pap or for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the prophylaxis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is disclosed as is also, an infant formula or a pap which in addition to conventional ingredients contains a physiologically innocuous ammonium compound an/or urea. Furthermore, a method of preventing SIDS is disclosed, which method comprises administering to the infant an infant formula or a pap as indicated above, and a method for prophylaxis of SIDS, wherein a pharmaceutical composition containing a physiologically innocuous ammonium compound and/or urea is administered to the infant or the appropriately selected or modified non-pathogenic, urease-producing bacteria are supplied to the gastrointestinal tract of the infant. Finally, a method for the diagnosis of the risks for SIDS is disclosed according to which method the faeces of the infant are analyzed with respect to the presence of urea, urease activity and/or ammonium ions, the presence of urea, the absence of abnormally low urease activity and ammonium ion, respectively, indicating risks for SIDS.
Description
- Please replace the paragraph beginning at line5 on page 2 with the following: In order that an animal or a human being should be able to live it is required that its body functions are regulated in such a way that there is an acid-base balance. Expressed in another way: A normal pH-value must exist in the cells, in the extracellular liquid and in the cell organelles. If this is not the case first slight functional disorders, then even increasing diseases and finally death of structures, cells and the whole organism occurs. For instance, it is known that the mortality in several diseases increases when the pH value of the extracellular liquid (normally 7.40) is above 7.55 or below 7.20.
- Please replace the paragraph beginning at line17 on page 2 with the following: Under the latest decades the opinion of the acid-base balance has not changed materially. During the 1980's, however, Atkinson and co-workers [Atkinson D E et al, Curr Top Cell Regul, 21, 261-302 (1982)] again called attention to the previously known, but among physiologists and medical physicians not accepted fact that the metabolism of mammals not only produced the main metabolites carbon dioxide, water and urea but also hydrogen carbonate. His theory also meant that the metabolism by producing hydrogen carbonate above all via amino acid metabolism in order to result in the metabolic end products carbon dioxide and water must be supplied with protons and that this process for quantitative reasons had to occur via the omithine cycle. One of the objections against this theory has been that if such an important life process does not function the animal or the human being in question should rapidly die. However, no such lacking function of the system proposed by Atkinson has even been pointed out and even less been proven which constitutes one of the deficiencies of his theory.
- Please replace the paragraph beginning at line1 on page 5 with the following: portal area, especially at acidosis, can be utilized for synthesis of glutamine in the liver. It is also known by intensive care physicians that ammonium chloride supplied intravenously and perorally lowers base excess values and such supply is accordingly used as a matter of routine for the treatment of a metabolic alkalosis. When the patient treated is breathing by himself, the supply of ammonium will bring about a so-called compensatory hyperventilation. The present inventor has administered himself 80 mmoles ammonium chloride perorally and thereby has been able to establish that this substance obviously is resorbed very quickly from the gastrointestinal tract and causes a slight hyperventilation which in turn causes an increase in RQ (“Respiratory Quotient”=the quotient between the carbon dioxide emission and the oxygen gas uptake in a person—in both cases expressed in ml/min) from a value at rest of 0.82 to 0.87 and the elimination of carbon dioxide increases by 30 ml/min and that this seems to proceed for nearly 1h, which corresponds to about 80 mmoles of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, there is a report on the concentration of urea in the vitreous body of dead SIDS patients which is compared to autopsy material from children deceased from other causes at the same age [Blumenfeld T A, et al, Am J Clin Pathol, 71, 219-223 (1979)]. It appeared that children deceased from SIDS have lower urea values than children deceased from other causes. As a normal enterohepatic circulation of urea and ammonium ion hypothetically does not function in these cases this should have the consequence that the production of urea is less than normally and since the volume of distribution is equal this means that the concentration in various body fluids decreases. The low concentration of urea found is thus not inconsistent with the hypothesis put forward here.
Claims (21)
11. An infant formula comprising an effective amount of ammonium chloride as an additive to said infant formula, wherein said effective amount of ammonium chloride is sufficient to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in infants.
12. The infant formula of claim 11 , wherein the ammonium chloride is present at a concentration of 0.2-0.6 mmol/l in an infant formula ready for administration to an infant during the first month of life.
13. The infant formula of claim 11 , wherein the ammonium chloride is present at a concentration of 0.1-5 mmol/l in an infant formula ready for administration to an infant during months 2-7 of life.
14. The infant formula of claim 11 , which is in the form of a powder.
15. The infant formula of claim 12 , wherein the concentration of the ammonium chloride is 0.5 mmol/l.
16. The infant formula of claim 12 , wherein the concentration of the ammonium chloride is 0.5-2 mmol/l.
17. A method of reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in infants comprising administering an infant formula or pap composition comprising an effective amount of ammonium chloride, urea or a mixture thereof, wherein said effective amount of ammonium chloride, urea or mixture thereof is sufficient to reduce the risk of SIDS in infants.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the infant formula or pap composition is administered to an infant during the first month of life, and the concentration of ammonium chloride in the infant formula or pap composition is 0.2-0.6 mmol/l.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the infant formula or pap composition is administered to an infant during months 2-7 of life, and the concentration of ammonium chloride in the infant formula or pap composition is 0.1-5 mmol/l.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the infant formula or pap composition is administered to an infant during the first month of life, and the concentration of urea in the infant formula or pap composition is 1-5 mmol/l.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the infant formula or pap composition is administered to an infant during months 2-7 of life, and the concentration of urea in the infant formula or pap composition is 1-10 mmol/l.
22. A method for the prophylaxis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in infants comprising administering an infant formula or pap composition comprising an effective amount of ammonium chloride, urea or mixture thereof wherein said effective amount of ammonium chloride, urea or mixture thereof is sufficient for prophylaxis of SIDS in infants.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the infant formula or pap composition is administered to an infant during the first month of life, and the concentration of ammonium chloride in the infant formula or pap composition is 0.2-0.6 mmol/l.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the infant formula or pap composition is administered to an infant during months 2-7 of life, and the concentration of ammonium chloride in the infant formula or pap composition is 0.1-5 mmol/l.
25. The method of claim 22 , wherein the infant formula or pap composition is administered to an infant during the first month of life, and the concentration of urea in the infant formula or pap composition is 1-5 mmol/l.
26. The method of claim 22 , wherein the infant formula or pap composition is administered to an infant during months 2-7 of life, and the concentration of urea in the infant formula or pap composition is 1-10 mmol/l.
27. A pap composition comprising an effective amount of ammonium chloride as an additive to said pap composition, wherein said effective amount of ammonium chloride is sufficient to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in infants.
28. The pap composition of claim 27 , wherein the ammonium chloride is present at a concentration of 0.1-5 mmol/l in an infant formula ready for administration to an infant during months 2-7 of life.
29. The pap composition of claim 27 , which is in the form of a powder.
30. The pap composition of claim 28 , wherein the concentration of the ammonium chloride is 0.5 mmol/l.
31. The pap composition of claim 28 , wherein the concentration of the ammonium chloride is 0.5-2 mmol/l.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/987,558 US20030021856A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 2001-11-15 | New use of ammonium compounds and/or urea |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9601057-4 | 1996-03-20 | ||
SE9601057A SE507696C2 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 1996-03-20 | Use of a physiologically harmless ammonium compound and / or urea for the prophylaxis of sudden infant death and ways of diagnosing the risk of sudden infant death |
US09/142,145 US6333055B1 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-04 | Use of ammonium compounds and/or urea |
US09/987,558 US20030021856A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 2001-11-15 | New use of ammonium compounds and/or urea |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE1997/000361 Continuation WO1997034590A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-04 | New use of ammonium compounds and/or urea |
US09/142,145 Continuation US6333055B1 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-04 | Use of ammonium compounds and/or urea |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20030021856A1 true US20030021856A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
Family
ID=20401857
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/142,145 Expired - Fee Related US6333055B1 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-04 | Use of ammonium compounds and/or urea |
US09/987,558 Abandoned US20030021856A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 2001-11-15 | New use of ammonium compounds and/or urea |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/142,145 Expired - Fee Related US6333055B1 (en) | 1996-03-20 | 1997-03-04 | Use of ammonium compounds and/or urea |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6333055B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0888112B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000507936A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE219935T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU722642B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2249704A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69713746T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0888112T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2176721T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO984194D0 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ331185A (en) |
PT (1) | PT888112E (en) |
SE (1) | SE507696C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997034590A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9572528B1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2017-02-21 | Los Angeles Biomedical Research Insitute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center | Monitor for SIDS research and prevention |
EP3646739A1 (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-06 | N.V. Nutricia | Nutritional composition comprising urea and non-digestible oligosaccharides |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4668772A (en) * | 1984-11-27 | 1987-05-26 | Nestec S.A. | Methods for controlling the viscosity of protein hydrolysates |
CA1297721C (en) * | 1987-01-26 | 1992-03-24 | Shalan A. Al-Mashiki | PROCESS FOR LOWERING THE CONCENTRATION OF .beta.-LACTOGLOBULIN IN CHEESE WHEY |
US5312839A (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1994-05-17 | Regents Of The University Of California | Compounds and method for protection of cells and tissues from irreversible injury due to lactic acidosis |
US5169666A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1992-12-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Preparation of simulated human milk protein by low temperature microfiltration |
AUPM864894A0 (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1994-11-03 | Borody, Thomas Julius | Treatment of bowel-dependent neurological disorders |
-
1996
- 1996-03-20 SE SE9601057A patent/SE507696C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-03-04 WO PCT/SE1997/000361 patent/WO1997034590A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-03-04 DE DE69713746T patent/DE69713746T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-04 CA CA002249704A patent/CA2249704A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-04 AU AU21840/97A patent/AU722642B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-03-04 JP JP9533393A patent/JP2000507936A/en active Pending
- 1997-03-04 DK DK97914690T patent/DK0888112T3/en active
- 1997-03-04 PT PT97914690T patent/PT888112E/en unknown
- 1997-03-04 ES ES97914690T patent/ES2176721T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-04 US US09/142,145 patent/US6333055B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-04 EP EP97914690A patent/EP0888112B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-03-04 NZ NZ331185A patent/NZ331185A/en unknown
- 1997-03-04 AT AT97914690T patent/ATE219935T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-09-11 NO NO984194A patent/NO984194D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2001
- 2001-11-15 US US09/987,558 patent/US20030021856A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO984194L (en) | 1998-09-11 |
NO984194D0 (en) | 1998-09-11 |
CA2249704A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
AU722642B2 (en) | 2000-08-10 |
SE9601057L (en) | 1997-09-21 |
PT888112E (en) | 2002-11-29 |
SE507696C2 (en) | 1998-07-06 |
EP0888112A1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
DE69713746T2 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
ATE219935T1 (en) | 2002-07-15 |
US6333055B1 (en) | 2001-12-25 |
EP0888112B1 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
NZ331185A (en) | 2000-05-26 |
JP2000507936A (en) | 2000-06-27 |
WO1997034590A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
ES2176721T3 (en) | 2002-12-01 |
AU2184097A (en) | 1997-10-10 |
DK0888112T3 (en) | 2002-10-21 |
SE9601057D0 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
DE69713746D1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |