US20030013804A1 - Novel phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion adhesive - Google Patents
Novel phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion adhesive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030013804A1 US20030013804A1 US10/170,230 US17023002A US2003013804A1 US 20030013804 A1 US20030013804 A1 US 20030013804A1 US 17023002 A US17023002 A US 17023002A US 2003013804 A1 US2003013804 A1 US 2003013804A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wax
- phenol
- emulsion
- formaldehyde
- aldehyde
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/005—Processes for mixing polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C09J161/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C09J161/26—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds
- C09J161/28—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds with melamine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C09J161/30—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic and acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/34—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers covered by at least two of the groups C09J161/04, C09J161/18 and C09J161/20
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J191/00—Adhesives based on oils, fats or waxes; Adhesives based on derivatives thereof
- C09J191/06—Waxes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08J2361/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to the field of adhesives and, more specifically, to a nonionic surfactant for producing stable emulsions in a phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion environment.
- phenol-aldehyde resins can be made into a stable emulsion if an anionic emulsifier, such as a lignosulfonate, e.g., sodium lignosulfonate, is added to the blend of wax and phenol-aldehyde.
- an anionic emulsifier such as a lignosulfonate, e.g., sodium lignosulfonate
- anionic emulsifier is shear sensitive, as well as resin sensitive.
- anionic emulsifiers do not exhibit storage stability beyond a short term, e.g., on the order of one day.
- the first attempt to solve long-term stability problems of a phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion was to modify the pH of the phenol-aldehyde, wax emulsion by forming an adjusted pH resin of between 9 and 12, adjusting the pH of the wax emulsion to within 1 pH unit of the resin, and combining the same, with mixing, at a temperature of the resin above 40° C.; See, U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,885.
- the present inventors have developed non-lignin based and non-ionic emulsion systems that provide stability to phenol-aldehyde, wax emulsions.
- the present invention permits the use of a wider variety of phenolic resins than that permitted in the aforementioned U.S. Patents, as well as a wider variety of raw waxes, with improved shear stability.
- phenol-aldehydes which is meant to describe thermosetting resins formed from a phenol or phenol contributing substance and a methylene donor, such as formaldehyde.
- the phenol or phenol contributing substance includes phenol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, cresols and other phenol derivatives, such as xylenols, catechol, cresylic acids, urea, melamine and combinations thereof.
- the methylene donor can be formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, formalin, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and similar substances.
- Suitable resins include phenol-formaldehyde, phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde, urea-melamine formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-melamine-formaldehyde, melamine-urea-resorcinol formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde and combinations thereof.
- the wax emulsion (also known as a paraffin emulsion) can be formed from a variety of naturally occurring waxes, such as slack wax, shale wax, poppy wax, honey wax and Chinese wax or from synthetic waxes such as esters of fatty acids, such as n-octadecyl palmitate and cetyl stearate. Slack wax, a byproduct of petroleum refining, is preferred.
- Viscosity 400-600 cps.
- “Cascowax EW58NI” is the description for a non-ionic wax emulsion formed of the following composition.
- the emulsifier Protachem SG Blend
- the wax emulsion is made in the same process used for our other wax emulsions, with the new emulsifier. This produces a non-ionic emulsion that is stable when mixed with phenolic resin.
- the Nopco NXZ is a defoamer, one of several that could be used.
- the adhesive is not to be construed as so limited.
- the adhesive of the invention has general utility for any lignocellulose based substrate such as plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), high density fiber board (HDF) and medium density fiber board (MDF) and other composites.
Abstract
Stable emulsions for use in the field of adhesives have been prepared using a non lignin, nonionic surfactant in phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsions. The adhesives have utility for binding wood particles into a unitary mass such as used in the strandboard, chipboard, particles board, plywood, laminated veneer lumber and high and medium density fiberboard industries and exhibit storage stability.
Description
- This application is a U.S. Non-Provisional Application claiming priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/298,125, filed Jun. 15, 2001.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates generally to the field of adhesives and, more specifically, to a nonionic surfactant for producing stable emulsions in a phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion environment.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- The use of adhesives, especially phenol-aldehyde resole resins, to bind wood particles into a unitary mass is generally well known. Many useful wood products, including oriented strandboard (OSB), chipboard or particle board can be made by coating the wood particles with a phenol-aldehyde resin, and consolidating the particles, usually under heat and pressure, into a unitary mass.
- However, the need has been recognized to impart water resistance to such wood products, such as by the incorporation of a wax into the product. However, wax does not form a stable emulsion in the presence of a phenol-aldehyde resin.
- Recently, it has been discovered that phenol-aldehyde resins can be made into a stable emulsion if an anionic emulsifier, such as a lignosulfonate, e.g., sodium lignosulfonate, is added to the blend of wax and phenol-aldehyde. This anionic emulsifier is shear sensitive, as well as resin sensitive. Furthermore, anionic emulsifiers do not exhibit storage stability beyond a short term, e.g., on the order of one day.
- The first attempt to solve long-term stability problems of a phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion was to modify the pH of the phenol-aldehyde, wax emulsion by forming an adjusted pH resin of between 9 and 12, adjusting the pH of the wax emulsion to within 1 pH unit of the resin, and combining the same, with mixing, at a temperature of the resin above 40° C.; See, U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,885.
- Further attempts to solve the problem of phenol-aldehyde, wax emulsion stability can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,028,133, which incorporates a cationic surfactant, such as an alkali salt of sulfite or bisulfite, into a phenolic resin so as to obtain a resin with anionic character. However, this process also proved not to be fully effective as it was both resin and wax sensitive. The disclosures of the above-mentioned U.S. Patents are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- However, despite these attempts to provide a stable emulsion, there continues to be a need for a phenol-aldehyde wax emulsion that is much more shear stable than a lignin based emulsion and which provides long term stability, nor use the ionic surfactants of the above-mentioned systems with their attendant disadvantages.
- The present inventors have developed non-lignin based and non-ionic emulsion systems that provide stability to phenol-aldehyde, wax emulsions.
- The present invention permits the use of a wider variety of phenolic resins than that permitted in the aforementioned U.S. Patents, as well as a wider variety of raw waxes, with improved shear stability.
- These and other attributes of the invention will be seen in connection with the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
- The various resins suitable for use in the invention are termed phenol-aldehydes which is meant to describe thermosetting resins formed from a phenol or phenol contributing substance and a methylene donor, such as formaldehyde.
- Generally, the phenol or phenol contributing substance includes phenol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, cresols and other phenol derivatives, such as xylenols, catechol, cresylic acids, urea, melamine and combinations thereof.
- The methylene donor can be formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, formalin, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and similar substances.
- Suitable resins include phenol-formaldehyde, phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde, urea-melamine formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-melamine-formaldehyde, melamine-urea-resorcinol formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde and combinations thereof.
- The wax emulsion (also known as a paraffin emulsion) can be formed from a variety of naturally occurring waxes, such as slack wax, shale wax, poppy wax, honey wax and Chinese wax or from synthetic waxes such as esters of fatty acids, such as n-octadecyl palmitate and cetyl stearate. Slack wax, a byproduct of petroleum refining, is preferred.
- Typical formulations can be seen in the following exemplary compositions. All percentages are in parts by weight unless otherwise indicated.
-
Raw Material % 1) 100% phenol 25.0 2) Water 15.28 3) 50% sodium hydroxide 2.50 4) 50% formaldehyde 31.92 5) 50% sodium hydroxide 6.00 6) 50% sodium hydroxide 3.50 7) Urea 2.50 8) Cascowax EW-58NI 13.30 - 1) Charge phenol (1), water (2) and sodium hydroxide (3). Exotherm to 55-60° C.
- 2) At >55° C., program formaldehyde (4) over 35-45 minutes while exotherming to 81° C.
- 3) Hold at 81° C. for 10 minutes after formaldehyde is in
- 4) Charge sodium hydroxide (5) over 8-10 minutes while exotherming to 92° C.
- 5) Condense at 92° C. to a Gardner viscosity “D/E” of about 110 cps.
- 6) At “D/E” cool to 81° C. and charge sodium hydroxide (6)
- 7) Hold at 81° C. to “M/N” viscosity
- 8) Cool to 75° C. and react to a Gardner viscosity “W/X” of about 1180 cps.
- 9) At “W/X” cool to 70° C. and charge Urea. Let mix 5-10 minutes
- 10) Charge EW-58NI wax emulsion between 63 and 65° C.
- 11) Cool to shipping or storage temp.
- Solids=49-51%
- Alkalinity=5.8-6.2%
- 100° C. Gel time=30-34 minutes
- Viscosity=400-600 cps.
- In the foregoing example, “Cascowax EW58NI” is the description for a non-ionic wax emulsion formed of the following composition.
-
Slack wax (paraffin) 53.22% Protachem SG Blend 4.68% Water 42.00% Nopco NXZ 0.10% - The emulsifier, Protachem SG Blend, is a blend of POE (20) Stearyl Alcohol (CAS #9005-00-0) and Glyceryl Monostearate (CAS #123-94-4). The wax emulsion is made in the same process used for our other wax emulsions, with the new emulsifier. This produces a non-ionic emulsion that is stable when mixed with phenolic resin. The Nopco NXZ is a defoamer, one of several that could be used.
- Although we have described the phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion as providing utility for forming OSB or other particle board, the adhesive is not to be construed as so limited. The adhesive of the invention has general utility for any lignocellulose based substrate such as plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), high density fiber board (HDF) and medium density fiber board (MDF) and other composites.
Claims (20)
1. An emulsion of a phenol-aldehyde and wax comprising:
phenol-aldehyde, wax; and
an emulsion stabilizing effective amount of a non-ionic surfactant.
2. The emulsion of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionic surfactant comprises polyoxyethylene (POE), stearyl alcohol and glyceral monostearate.
3. The emulsion of claim 1 , further comprising an aqueous portion.
4. The emulsion of claim 3 , wherein the aqueous portion comprises water and at least one component selected from the group consisting of a defoamer and pH regulating agents.
5. The emulsion of claim 1 , wherein the phenol-aldehyde consists of at least one material selected from the group consisting of phenol-formaldehyde, phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde, urea-melamine formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-melamine-formaldehye, melamine-urea-resorcinol formaldehyde, and resorcinol-formaldehyde.
6. The emulsion of claim 5 , wherein the wax is selected from natural and synthetic waxes.
7. The emulsion of claim 6 , wherein the wax is one selected from the group consisting of slack wax, shale wax, poppy wax, honey wax, Chinese wax, and esters of fatty acids.
8. An adhesive comprising the emulsion of claim 1 .
9. Bonded wood products comprising particles of a lignocellulosic material bond together with the adhesive of claim 8 .
10. The bonded wood products of claim 9 , wherein the wood products are at least one selected from the group consisting of oriented strandboard, particle board, chipboard, laminated veneer lumber, plywood, high density fiberboard and medium density fiberboard.
11. A method of stabilizing a phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion, said method comprising:
combining a non-ionic surfactant with a phenol-aldehyde and wax to form a stabilized phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the non-ionic surfactant comprises polyoxyethylene (POE), stearyl alcohol and glyceryl monostearate.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the phenol-aldehyde is at least one selected from the group consisting of phenol-formaldehyde, phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde, urea-melamine formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-melamine-formaldehyde, melamine-urea-resorcinol formaldehyde, and resorcinol-formaldehyde.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the wax is a natural or synthetic wax.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the wax is at least one selected from the group consisting of slack wax, shale wax, poppy wax, honey wax, Chinese wax, and esters of fatty acids.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the wax is slack wax.
17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising binding wood particles together with an adhesive formed from the stabilized emulsion.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the wood particles are formed into at least one product selected from the group consisting of oriented strandboard, particle board, chipboard, laminated veneer lumber, plywood, high density fiberboard and medium density fiberboard.
19. The emulsion of claim 5 , wherein the wax is slack wax.
20. Bonded wood products made by the method of claim 17.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/170,230 US20030013804A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-13 | Novel phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion adhesive |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US29812501P | 2001-06-15 | 2001-06-15 | |
US10/170,230 US20030013804A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-13 | Novel phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion adhesive |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20030013804A1 true US20030013804A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
Family
ID=23149158
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/170,230 Abandoned US20030013804A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-13 | Novel phenol-aldehyde/wax emulsion adhesive |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030013804A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1401983A4 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2448330A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002102915A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130211005A1 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-15 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals, Llc | Methods for making polymer particulates in gel form |
US20130209348A1 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-15 | Energ2 Technologies, Inc. | Preparation of polymeric resins and carbon materials |
US9409777B2 (en) | 2012-02-09 | 2016-08-09 | Basf Se | Preparation of polymeric resins and carbon materials |
US11611070B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2023-03-21 | Group14 Technologies, Inc. | Highly efficient manufacturing of silicon-carbon composites materials comprising ultra low Z |
US11646419B2 (en) | 2015-08-28 | 2023-05-09 | Group 14 Technologies, Inc. | Materials with extremely durable intercalation of lithium and manufacturing methods thereof |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MX2007015475A (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2008-02-25 | Hexion Specialty Chemicals Inc | Wax formulations for lignocellulosic products, methods of their manufacture and products formed therefrom. |
CN102990742B (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2016-01-20 | 永港伟方(北京)科技股份有限公司 | Dedicated modified liquid of Wooden modifying and preparation method thereof |
EP3768510B1 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2022-04-27 | Foresa Technologies S.L.U. | Monocomponent adhesive composition comprising formaldehyde-based resin with a free formal-dehyde content below 0,1 wt%, comprising resorcinol, alkylresorcinol and/or tannin |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4407999A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1983-10-04 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. | Water repellent adhesive composition for wooden material |
US6023133A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-02-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Parabolic signal generator |
US6132885A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2000-10-17 | Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. | Composites prepared with ready-to-use resin/wax emulsion adhesives |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6028133A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-02-22 | Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. | Phenolic resins compatible with wax emulsions |
-
2002
- 2002-06-13 WO PCT/US2002/018824 patent/WO2002102915A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-13 US US10/170,230 patent/US20030013804A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-13 CA CA002448330A patent/CA2448330A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-13 EP EP02739881A patent/EP1401983A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4407999A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1983-10-04 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. | Water repellent adhesive composition for wooden material |
US6132885A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2000-10-17 | Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. | Composites prepared with ready-to-use resin/wax emulsion adhesives |
US6023133A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2000-02-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Parabolic signal generator |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130211005A1 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-15 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals, Llc | Methods for making polymer particulates in gel form |
US20130209348A1 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-15 | Energ2 Technologies, Inc. | Preparation of polymeric resins and carbon materials |
US9133337B2 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2015-09-15 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Methods for making polymer particulates in gel form |
US9409777B2 (en) | 2012-02-09 | 2016-08-09 | Basf Se | Preparation of polymeric resins and carbon materials |
US10173900B2 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2019-01-08 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Preparation of polymeric resins and carbon materials |
US11401363B2 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2022-08-02 | Basf Se | Preparation of polymeric resins and carbon materials |
US11718701B2 (en) | 2012-02-09 | 2023-08-08 | Group14 Technologies, Inc. | Preparation of polymeric resins and carbon materials |
US11725074B2 (en) | 2012-02-09 | 2023-08-15 | Group 14 Technologies, Inc. | Preparation of polymeric resins and carbon materials |
US11732079B2 (en) | 2012-02-09 | 2023-08-22 | Group14 Technologies, Inc. | Preparation of polymeric resins and carbon materials |
US11646419B2 (en) | 2015-08-28 | 2023-05-09 | Group 14 Technologies, Inc. | Materials with extremely durable intercalation of lithium and manufacturing methods thereof |
US11611070B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2023-03-21 | Group14 Technologies, Inc. | Highly efficient manufacturing of silicon-carbon composites materials comprising ultra low Z |
US11804591B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2023-10-31 | Group14 Technologies, Inc. | Highly efficient manufacturing of silicon-carbon composite materials comprising ultra low Z |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1401983A4 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
WO2002102915A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
EP1401983A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
CA2448330A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BORDEN CHEMICAL, INC., OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PHILLIPS, EARL K.;STRATTON, RICHARD;LEEPER, DALE;REEL/FRAME:013307/0274;SIGNING DATES FROM 20020916 TO 20020918 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |