US2002537A - Printing ink - Google Patents
Printing ink Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2002537A US2002537A US711229A US71122934A US2002537A US 2002537 A US2002537 A US 2002537A US 711229 A US711229 A US 711229A US 71122934 A US71122934 A US 71122934A US 2002537 A US2002537 A US 2002537A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ink
- printing
- pigment
- dry
- wax
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title description 23
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 12
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229940079938 nitrocellulose Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 10
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012179 bayberry wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl lactate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)O MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000180278 Copernicia prunifera Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010919 Copernicia prunifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000009134 Myrica cerifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000269152 Myrica pensylvanica Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000001191 butyl (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012182 japan wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- GQKZRWSUJHVIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Pentanol acetate Chemical group CCCC(C)OC(C)=O GQKZRWSUJHVIPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexyl acetate Chemical group CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Chemical group CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical group CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical group CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007643 movable-type printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
Definitions
- This invention relates to printing ink.
- any of the well-known coloring pigments and fillers may be used.
- the kind of pigment that is used will be dependent upon the color that is desired.
- the term pigment includes not only the coloring matter but also the well-known fillers used to give body to the ink.
- the pigments and fillers which are used are dry and their weight figured on a dry basis. Figured on a dry basis 5 the pigment will constitute from 5% to by weight of the ink. Where the pigment has high oil absorbing properties the percentage of pigment will be small whereas in those colors utilizing a pigment which has low oil absorbing qualities the percentage of pigment will be high.
- the particles of pigment in the ink should be properly lubricated.
- the particles of pigment are permitted to slip 15 one upon the other which facilitates the grinding and mixing of the ink ingredients in the mill to obtain a homogeneous mass.
- carnauba wax is preferred.
- Carnauba wax has a high melting point and is very hard at room temperature. Hence, there is no tendency for the carnauba wax to make the ink sticky after application to the paper and thus in turn cause tearing of the paper. At the same time the carnauba wax will not cause the ink to soften and offset when the printed surface comes in contact with another. surface.
- waxes such as japan wax, Montan wax and bayberry wax have been found suitable.
- the wax content of the ink should not be less than 2% nor more than 10% by weight. Within these ranges the wax content will vary depending upon the nature of the surface which is to be printed as well as upon the color of the ink. 35
- a low viscosity cellulose ester For binding the pigments to the surface which is to be printed, it is proposed to use a low viscosity cellulose ester.
- nitro-cellulose ranging in viscosity from one-half second to 5 seconds is used. The denoting of viscosity in seconds is a well-known commercial practice.
- the nitro-cellulose or low viscosity cotton gives the ink the proper tack, that is, stickiness while in the wet form.
- Tack is a very important characteristic which must be considered in arriving at an ink having excellent printability because that is the characteristic which causes the wet ink to cling to the printed surface in preference to the movable type or plate and in multiple color printing causes the top layer of wet ink to cling to the bottom layer of wet ink in preference to the removable type or plate.
- the range of binder or nitro-cellulose figured on a dry basis by weight should not be less than 3% nor more than 18% of the total.
- a plasticizer for the nitro-cellulose and wax in the form of a solvent having a low volatility at ordinary room temperature so that it will not evaporate when drawn into a thin film, or, more specifically, will not evaporate and cause the ink to dry to an unprintable state as the ink is being transferred from the fountain through the distributing rolls onto the type.
- a plasticizer diethyl phthalate is preferred.
- dibutyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate or dibutyl lactate may be used in place of diethyl phthalate. Any of these plasticizers may be used separately or in combi-.
- the range of plasticizers should be not less than 10% nor more than 40% by weight of the total.
- thinners it is proposed to use solvents for the nitro-cellulose and wax which are more volatile.
- solvents for the nitro-cellulose and wax which are more volatile.
- butyl lactate is preferred.
- ethyl lactate, secondary butyl acetate, normal butyl acetate, secondary amyl acetate, amyl acetate, alcohol, or cyclohexanol acetate may be substituted for butyl lactate. Any one or more of these thinners may be used.
- the amount of thinner should not be less than 30% nor more than 70% by weight of the total. Here again the percentage will vary depending upon the color or the ink and the nature of the surface which is to be printed.
- red ink A specific example of a red ink is as follows:
- An example of a yellow ink is as follows:
- a printing ink which isquick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to of a high melting point wax, of the class of organic waxes consisting of carnauba, japan, bayberry and Montan waxes, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer.
- a printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of a high melting point wax of the class of organic waxes consisting of carnauba, japan, bayberry and Montan waxes, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer ground to a homogeneous mass.
- a printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of a high melting point wax of the class of organic waxes consisting of carnauba, japan, bayberry and Montan waxes, 3%to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer.
- a printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of carnauba wax, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer.
- a printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of carnauba wax, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of diethyl phthalate.
- a printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of carnauba wax, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of butyl lactate, and 10% to 40% of diethyl phthalate.
- a printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and. 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of carnauba wax, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer ground to a homogeneous mass.
- a printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of a high melting point wax of the class of organic waxes consisting of carnauba, japan, bayberry and Montan wax, 3% to 18% of intro-cellulose having a viscosity from one-half second to 5 seconds, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer ground to a homogeneous mass.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Description
Patented May 28, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE No Drawing. Application February 14, 1934,
- Serial No. 711.229
8 Claims.
This invention relates to printing ink.
In printing of paper used for wrapping bread, for example, it has been the practice to coat the under side of the web of paper with paraffin immediately after it is passed through the printing press and before it is rolled up. This paraffin coating under the printed face of the paper web prevents the wet ink from offsetting and the successive convolutions of the web from sticking together which results in the tearing of the paper when the roll is unwound.
It is one of the objects of this invention to produce an ink which may be quickly dried so that in the above cited example of printing bread wrapping paper it will be possible to roll the printed paper web immediately after being printed without giving the under side of the web a coating of paraffin. 7
It is also an object of this invention to produce an ink which has excellent printability. This object has been achieved by the proper combination of the .various ingredients of the ink.
It is an object of this invention to'produce an ink which is particularly well suited for movable type printing on paper or fibre board but it is specifically understood that it is also suitable for printing on other types of surfaces.
In printing, as the ink is removed from the fountain, passed through the distributing rolls and finally distributed in a very thin film upon the removable type or printing plate, the tendency for the ink to dry is very great. Therefore, even though it is an object of the invention to produce an ink which may be quickly dried after it is deposited upon the surface which is to be printed, it is essential while the press is in operation that the ink should not dry while being transferred from the fountain to .the printable surface. This invention therefore contemplates an ink which will not dry while in the fountain, or on the distributing rolls or on the movable type or plate when the press is in operation even though the ink is in the form of a very thin film. This has been achieved by incorporating in the ink a liquid solvent or plasticizer which has low volatility at ordinary room and printing temperatures but which may be volatilized by the application of heat to the printed web immediately after 'printing.
In the making of ink which obtains the objects above set forth any of the well-known coloring pigments and fillers may be used. The kind of pigment that is used will be dependent upon the color that is desired. As herein used the term pigment includes not only the coloring matter but also the well-known fillers used to give body to the ink. The pigments and fillers which are used are dry and their weight figured on a dry basis. Figured on a dry basis 5 the pigment will constitute from 5% to by weight of the ink. Where the pigment has high oil absorbing properties the percentage of pigment will be small whereas in those colors utilizing a pigment which has low oil absorbing qualities the percentage of pigment will be high.
It is essential to obtain excellent printability that the particles of pigment in the ink should be properly lubricated. By proper lubrication the particles of pigment are permitted to slip 15 one upon the other which facilitates the grinding and mixing of the ink ingredients in the mill to obtain a homogeneous mass. As a lubricant carnauba wax is preferred. Carnauba wax has a high melting point and is very hard at room temperature. Hence, there is no tendency for the carnauba wax to make the ink sticky after application to the paper and thus in turn cause tearing of the paper. At the same time the carnauba wax will not cause the ink to soften and offset when the printed surface comes in contact with another. surface. Other waxes, such as japan wax, Montan wax and bayberry wax have been found suitable. To obtain the best printability the wax content of the ink should not be less than 2% nor more than 10% by weight. Within these ranges the wax content will vary depending upon the nature of the surface which is to be printed as well as upon the color of the ink. 35
For binding the pigments to the surface which is to be printed, it is proposed to use a low viscosity cellulose ester. Preferably nitro-cellulose ranging in viscosity from one-half second to 5 seconds is used. The denoting of viscosity in seconds is a well-known commercial practice. The nitro-cellulose or low viscosity cotton gives the ink the proper tack, that is, stickiness while in the wet form. Tack is a very important characteristic which must be considered in arriving at an ink having excellent printability because that is the characteristic which causes the wet ink to cling to the printed surface in preference to the movable type or plate and in multiple color printing causes the top layer of wet ink to cling to the bottom layer of wet ink in preference to the removable type or plate. In
other words, in multiple color printing the under layer of wet ink previously deposited upon the printed surface actually pulls the next layer of ink from the type. The range of binder or nitro-cellulose figured on a dry basis by weight should not be less than 3% nor more than 18% of the total.
For giving the proper length or viscosity to the ink it is proposed to use a plasticizer for the nitro-cellulose and wax in the form of a solvent having a low volatility at ordinary room temperature so that it will not evaporate when drawn into a thin film, or, more specifically, will not evaporate and cause the ink to dry to an unprintable state as the ink is being transferred from the fountain through the distributing rolls onto the type. As a plasticizer diethyl phthalate is preferred. However, dibutyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate or dibutyl lactate may be used in place of diethyl phthalate. Any of these plasticizers may be used separately or in combi-.
nation with any one or more of the other plasticizers. The range of plasticizers should be not less than 10% nor more than 40% by weight of the total.
, As thinners it is proposed to use solvents for the nitro-cellulose and wax which are more volatile. Among these solvents butyl lactate is preferred. However, ethyl lactate, secondary butyl acetate, normal butyl acetate, secondary amyl acetate, amyl acetate, alcohol, or cyclohexanol acetate may be substituted for butyl lactate. Any one or more of these thinners may be used. However, the amount of thinner should not be less than 30% nor more than 70% by weight of the total. Here again the percentage will vary depending upon the color or the ink and the nature of the surface which is to be printed.
A specific example of a red ink is as follows:
An example of a yellow ink is as follows:
Pounds Yellow pigment 110 Barium sulphate 40 Nitro-cotton second 17 Alcohol 7 Butyl lactate 66 Diethyl phthalate 28 Carnauba wax 7 In printing with this ink it is proposed, after the ink has been deposited upon the surface which is to be printed, to subject the ink momentarily to heat of sufficiently high temperature to volatilize the plasticizer and the volatile solvents and thereby dry the ink and yet at a temperature low enough not to injure the printed surface. In view of the fact that the film of the ink is a very thin one the degree of temperature need not be very high to obtain the proper volatilization of the thinners and plasticizers. In printing upon paper used for wrapping bread a temperature range from 300 to 400 F. is satisfactory. The heat may be applied in any suitable way such as by passing the printed web of paper over a heated roller.
In printing, while the press is in operation, the above described ink will not dry but if the press is left standing for a short period of time this ink will dry both on the plate and the rollers. However, the action of the liquid solvents or plasticizers is such that immediately upon putting the press into operation the new flow of ink will open up the dried film and make it printable.
I claim:
1. A printing ink which isquick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to of a high melting point wax, of the class of organic waxes consisting of carnauba, japan, bayberry and Montan waxes, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer.
2. A printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of a high melting point wax of the class of organic waxes consisting of carnauba, japan, bayberry and Montan waxes, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer ground to a homogeneous mass.
3. A printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of a high melting point wax of the class of organic waxes consisting of carnauba, japan, bayberry and Montan waxes, 3%to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer.
4. A printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of carnauba wax, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer.
5. A printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of carnauba wax, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of diethyl phthalate.
6. A printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of carnauba wax, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of butyl lactate, and 10% to 40% of diethyl phthalate.
7. A printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and. 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of carnauba wax, 3% to 18% of low viscosity nitro-cellulose, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer ground to a homogeneous mass.
8. A printing ink which is quick drying at a temperature range between 300 and 400 F., consisting by weight of from 5% to 65% of dry pigment, 2% to 10% of a high melting point wax of the class of organic waxes consisting of carnauba, japan, bayberry and Montan wax, 3% to 18% of intro-cellulose having a viscosity from one-half second to 5 seconds, 30% to 70% of volatile solvent thinner, and 10% to 40% of plasticizer ground to a homogeneous mass.
EUGENE J. KELLY.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US711229A US2002537A (en) | 1934-02-14 | 1934-02-14 | Printing ink |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US711229A US2002537A (en) | 1934-02-14 | 1934-02-14 | Printing ink |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2002537A true US2002537A (en) | 1935-05-28 |
Family
ID=24857242
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US711229A Expired - Lifetime US2002537A (en) | 1934-02-14 | 1934-02-14 | Printing ink |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2002537A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3673135A (en) * | 1966-10-03 | 1972-06-27 | Frye Ind Inc | Printing ink |
-
1934
- 1934-02-14 US US711229A patent/US2002537A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3673135A (en) * | 1966-10-03 | 1972-06-27 | Frye Ind Inc | Printing ink |
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