US20020115386A1 - Method of grinding optical fiber connector - Google Patents
Method of grinding optical fiber connector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020115386A1 US20020115386A1 US09/865,047 US86504701A US2002115386A1 US 20020115386 A1 US20020115386 A1 US 20020115386A1 US 86504701 A US86504701 A US 86504701A US 2002115386 A1 US2002115386 A1 US 2002115386A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- grinding
- optical fiber
- fiber connector
- optical fibers
- connector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/22—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
- B24B19/226—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground of the ends of optical fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of grinding an optical fiber connector.
- the MT connector 1 has a plastic ferrule body 2 formed with an opening 2 a at one end and a rubber boot portion 3 externally extending from the distal end of the ferrule body 2 .
- the distal end of the body 2 is also provided with a flange 2 b .
- the flange 2 b includes an aperture 2 f formed therethrough.
- the aperture 2 f communicates with the opening 2 a .
- the opening 2 a also communicates with a plurality of through-holes 2 c which are formed through the body 2 and opened at the end face 2 e thereof.
- the body 2 includes a pair of pin receiving apertures 2 d formed therein at the opposite sides (see FIG. 4(B)).
- the tip end of an optical fiber tape 5 is first stripped off to expose the optical multi-core fibers 4 housed within the optical fiber tape 5 .
- the exposed tip ends of the optical fibers 4 are then inserted into the opening 2 a through the aperture 2 f . After the exposed optical fibers 4 have been passed through the through-holes 2 c , their tip ends extend externally from the end face 2 e of the body 2 .
- an adhesive 6 e.g., thermosetting adhesive
- an adhesive 6 is injected into the opening 2 a to cover the optical fibers 4 extending externally from the end face 2 e (see FIG. 4(C)).
- the end face 2 e of the body 2 is ground to remove the externally extending optical fiber tips 4 and adhesive 6 .
- the optical fibers 4 can be held within the MT connector 1 .
- connection pins 7 are first inserted into the pin receiving apertures 2 d in one of the MT connectors 1 a and then inserted into the pin receiving apertures 2 d in the other MT connector 1 b.
- a fitting clip 8 is mounted around the pair of connected MT connectors 1 a and 1 b to hold them in the abutting relationship. This completes the connection of optical fibers.
- the MT connectors 1 a and 1 b may fixedly be mounted in housings which are in turn inserted into a connector adaptor to hold the MT connectors 1 a and 1 b in the abutting relationship.
- PC Physical Contact
- the cores of the optical fibers 4 will be ground more than the clad portions to create recesses at the cores of the optical fibers 4 .
- the recesses create gaps between the cores. This may adversely affect the light transmission and return loss to reduce the reliability in the optical connectors.
- the present invention provides a method of grinding an optical fiber connector such that the end faces of optical fibers to be held by the optical fiber connector extends externally from the end face of said optical fiber connector, comprising a step of grinding the end faces of the optical fibers while applying a grinding liquid containing a grinding material and alcohol onto a grinding sheet.
- FIGS. 1 (A) to (C) are plan views illustrating a process of grinding an optical fiber connector according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side view showing a grinding sheet and grinding liquid which are used in the process of grinding an optical fiber connector according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3(A) is a view illustrating a recess created at an optical fiber core when it is ground according to the prior art grinding process while FIG. 3(B) a view illustrating a recess created at an optical fiber core when it is ground according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4(A) is a plan view of an MT connector
- FIG. 4(B) is a front view of the same
- FIG. 4(C) is a plan view illustrating optical fibers externally extending from the end face of the connector body and covered with an adhesive.
- FIG. 5(A) is a plan view showing a pair of MT connectors prior to connection while FIG. 5(B) is a similar plan view showing the MT connectors after connected to each other.
- FIG. 6(A) is a side view showing the pair of MT connectors prior to connection while FIG. 6(B) is a similar side view showing the MT connector pair held by a fitting clip in the abutting state.
- the adhesive 6 (e.g., thermosetting adhesive) is injected into the opening 2 a to cover the optical fibers 4 externally extending from the end face 2 e of the body (see FIG. 4(C)). After the adhesive 6 has thermally been hardened, the adhesive 6 deposited on the end face 2 e of the body 2 is ground off (see FIG. 1(A)). This adhesive removing step is continued for about 60 seconds.
- thermosetting adhesive e.g., thermosetting adhesive
- the flatting is carried out to improve the flatness and to reduce scratches on the end face 2 e of the body (see FIG. 1(B)). This flatting step is continued for about 30 seconds.
- the grinding step is then performed such that the end faces of the optical fibers 4 extend externally from the end face 2 e of the body 2 (see FIG. 1(C)). This grinding step is continued for about 90 seconds.
- finishing step is made to remove small scratches on the end faces of the optical fibers 4 . This finishing step is continued for about 5 seconds.
- the aforementioned grinding step is carried out by mounting a grinding sheet 11 of about one mm thick on a grinder 9 of a grinding machine (not shown) as shown in FIG. 2 and rotating the grinder 9 to grind the end faces of the body and optical fibers while applying a grinding liquid 12 consisting of a mixture of grinding material and alcohol onto the grinding sheet 11 .
- the grinding sheet 11 may be in the form of diamond sheet, for example.
- the grinding liquid 12 may be a liquid prepared by mixing alumina power with monoethylene glycol in a ratio of 1:2.
- a grinding liquid prepared by mixing aluminum powder with distilled water was used. In such a case, the finished fiber faces were inferior.
- the prior art must grind the optical fibers by using a grinding liquid prepared by mixing ceric oxide with distilled water in the finishing step. Nevertheless, it could not avoided that the recesses 4 a were created at the cores of the optical fibers 4 merely by performing the grinding step using that grinding liquid.
- the finished optical fiber end faces can be improved when the grinding liquid consisting of alumina powder and monoethylene glycol is used as in this embodiment.
- the creation of recesses 4 a in the optical fibers can be reduced without use of the grinding liquid prepared by mixing ceric oxide with distilled water.
- FIG. 3 shows experimental results which were obtained by the inventors.
- FIGS. 3 (A) and (B) show measurements obtained by using a surface roughness measuring machine when the later was used to measure the surface roughness in the ground MT connector 1 .
- FIG. 3(A) shows the result from the prior art while FIG. 3(B) shows the result from the grinding process according to this embodiment.
- the prior art created a recess 4 a having its depth of about 0.1 ⁇ m or less at the core of the optical fiber 4 .
- the grinding process according to this embodiment will create no recess at the core of the optical fiber 4 , as shown in FIG. 3(B).
- the fiber end recess, fiber extension and operability were estimated relating to a grinding liquid (or grinding material) prepared by mixing one part of alumina powder with 1-3 parts of monoethylene glycol by weight and another grinding liquid (or grinding material) prepared by mixing one part of alumina powder with 1-3 parts of distilled water by weight.
- a grinding liquid or grinding material
- Another grinding liquid or grinding material prepared by mixing one part of alumina powder with 1-3 parts of distilled water by weight.
- the grinding liquid prepared by mixing one part of alumina powder with 1-2 parts of monoethylene glycol by weight does not form any fiber recess and provides good fiber extension.
- the inventors also performed experiments relating to the concentration of the grinding liquid.
- the mixed liquid has been prepared by mixing one part of alumina powder with two parts of monoethylene glycol by weight.
- the experiments were carried out by using grinding liquids prepared by mixing monoethylene glycol with distilled water in various ratios shown in Table 2.
- TABLE 2 Monoethylene Alumina Powder Glycol Distilled Water Type 1 10 g 15 g 5 g Type 2 10 g 10 g 10 g Type 3 10 g 5 g 15 g Normal 10 g 20 g 0 g
- Table 3 shows the results from the above experiments. As will be apparent from Table 3, no core was formed and the finished end faces were good, even though the concentration was changed. However, it was found that as the concentration of the monoethylene glycol decreased, the fiber extension also decreased. TABLE 3 Extension Core Recess Finished End Face Type 1 2.95 ⁇ m None Good Type 2 2.83 ⁇ m None Good Type 3 2.6 ⁇ m None Good
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but may be modified or changed into various forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed in the appending claims.
- the present invention may be applied to any connector other than the MT connector.
- the creation of recess in the cores of the optical fibers can be reduced to provide good extension of the optical fibers from the end face of the ferrule body, since the optical fibers are ground by using the grinding sheet while applying the grounding liquid prepared by mixing a grinding material with alcohol.
- the return loss can be improved to increase the reliability in the optical fiber connector.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a method of grinding an optical fiber connector such that the end faces of optical fibers to be held by the optical fiber connector extends externally from the end face of said optical fiber connector, comprising a step of grinding the end faces of the optical fibers while applying a grinding liquid containing a grinding material and alcohol onto a grinding sheet.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method of grinding an optical fiber connector.
- In recent years, an integral resin-molded MT connector has been used as a multi-core connector. As shown in FIG. 4(A), the
MT connector 1 has aplastic ferrule body 2 formed with anopening 2 a at one end and a rubber boot portion 3 externally extending from the distal end of theferrule body 2. - The distal end of the
body 2 is also provided with aflange 2 b. Theflange 2 b includes anaperture 2 f formed therethrough. Theaperture 2 f communicates with theopening 2 a. Theopening 2 a also communicates with a plurality of through-holes 2 c which are formed through thebody 2 and opened at theend face 2 e thereof. Thebody 2 includes a pair ofpin receiving apertures 2 d formed therein at the opposite sides (see FIG. 4(B)). - Where the
MT connector 1 is used to holdoptical fibers 4, the tip end of anoptical fiber tape 5 is first stripped off to expose the opticalmulti-core fibers 4 housed within theoptical fiber tape 5. - The exposed tip ends of the
optical fibers 4 are then inserted into theopening 2 a through theaperture 2 f. After the exposedoptical fibers 4 have been passed through the through-holes 2 c, their tip ends extend externally from theend face 2 e of thebody 2. - Subsequently, an adhesive6 (e.g., thermosetting adhesive) is injected into the
opening 2 a to cover theoptical fibers 4 extending externally from theend face 2 e (see FIG. 4(C)). - After the
adhesive 6 has thermally been hardened, theend face 2 e of thebody 2 is ground to remove the externally extendingoptical fiber tips 4 and adhesive 6. Thus, theoptical fibers 4 can be held within theMT connector 1. - As shown in FIGS.5(A), (B) and FIG. 6(A), a pair of
such MT connectors 1 a and 1 b respectively holding theoptical fibers 4 are connected to each other through a pair ofconnection pins 7. More particularly, theconnection pins 7 are first inserted into thepin receiving apertures 2 d in one of the MT connectors 1 a and then inserted into thepin receiving apertures 2 d in theother MT connector 1 b. - Finally, as shown in FIG. 6(B), a fitting clip8 is mounted around the pair of connected
MT connectors 1 a and 1 b to hold them in the abutting relationship. This completes the connection of optical fibers. Alternatively, theMT connectors 1 a and 1 b may fixedly be mounted in housings which are in turn inserted into a connector adaptor to hold theMT connectors 1 a and 1 b in the abutting relationship. - In the prior art, the end faces of the MT connector land
optical fibers 4 have been ground flat. In such a case, however, an index matching agent (or matching oil) must additionally be applied onto theend face 2 e to avoid any connection loss and to ensure a desired return loss. - To avoid such an additional work, there has been proposed a technique known as PC (Physical Contact) connection in which the
end face 2 e of thebody 2 is ground such that the end faces of theoptical fibers 4 externally extend from theend face 2 e of thebody 2 by few microns. On connection, theoptical fibers 4 in the MT connectors are brought into contact with one another. As a result, the connection property of low loss and reflection can be realized without use of any index matching agent. The grinding process herein was carried out while applying a mixture of alumina power and distilled water onto a grinding sheet. - In such a prior art grinding process, the cores of the
optical fibers 4 will be ground more than the clad portions to create recesses at the cores of theoptical fibers 4. When the optical connecters are connected to each other, the recesses create gaps between the cores. This may adversely affect the light transmission and return loss to reduce the reliability in the optical connectors. - The present invention provides a method of grinding an optical fiber connector such that the end faces of optical fibers to be held by the optical fiber connector extends externally from the end face of said optical fiber connector, comprising a step of grinding the end faces of the optical fibers while applying a grinding liquid containing a grinding material and alcohol onto a grinding sheet.
- FIGS.1(A) to (C) are plan views illustrating a process of grinding an optical fiber connector according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side view showing a grinding sheet and grinding liquid which are used in the process of grinding an optical fiber connector according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3(A) is a view illustrating a recess created at an optical fiber core when it is ground according to the prior art grinding process while FIG. 3(B) a view illustrating a recess created at an optical fiber core when it is ground according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4(A) is a plan view of an MT connector; FIG. 4(B) is a front view of the same; and FIG. 4(C) is a plan view illustrating optical fibers externally extending from the end face of the connector body and covered with an adhesive.
- FIG. 5(A) is a plan view showing a pair of MT connectors prior to connection while FIG. 5(B) is a similar plan view showing the MT connectors after connected to each other.
- FIG. 6(A) is a side view showing the pair of MT connectors prior to connection while FIG. 6(B) is a similar side view showing the MT connector pair held by a fitting clip in the abutting state.
- The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings. Parts similar to those of the prior art are denoted by similar reference numerals and will not further be described.
- In one embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive6 (e.g., thermosetting adhesive) is injected into the
opening 2 a to cover theoptical fibers 4 externally extending from theend face 2 e of the body (see FIG. 4(C)). After theadhesive 6 has thermally been hardened, theadhesive 6 deposited on theend face 2 e of thebody 2 is ground off (see FIG. 1(A)). This adhesive removing step is continued for about 60 seconds. - The flatting is carried out to improve the flatness and to reduce scratches on the
end face 2 e of the body (see FIG. 1(B)). This flatting step is continued for about 30 seconds. The grinding step is then performed such that the end faces of theoptical fibers 4 extend externally from theend face 2 e of the body 2 (see FIG. 1(C)). This grinding step is continued for about 90 seconds. - Finally, the finishing step is made to remove small scratches on the end faces of the
optical fibers 4. This finishing step is continued for about 5 seconds. - The aforementioned grinding step is carried out by mounting a
grinding sheet 11 of about one mm thick on agrinder 9 of a grinding machine (not shown) as shown in FIG. 2 and rotating thegrinder 9 to grind the end faces of the body and optical fibers while applying a grindingliquid 12 consisting of a mixture of grinding material and alcohol onto thegrinding sheet 11. - The
grinding sheet 11 may be in the form of diamond sheet, for example. The grindingliquid 12 may be a liquid prepared by mixing alumina power with monoethylene glycol in a ratio of 1:2. In the prior art, a grinding liquid prepared by mixing aluminum powder with distilled water was used. In such a case, the finished fiber faces were inferior. Thus, the prior art must grind the optical fibers by using a grinding liquid prepared by mixing ceric oxide with distilled water in the finishing step. Nevertheless, it could not avoided that therecesses 4 a were created at the cores of theoptical fibers 4 merely by performing the grinding step using that grinding liquid. - On the contrary, the finished optical fiber end faces can be improved when the grinding liquid consisting of alumina powder and monoethylene glycol is used as in this embodiment. In the finishing step, the creation of
recesses 4 a in the optical fibers can be reduced without use of the grinding liquid prepared by mixing ceric oxide with distilled water. - FIG. 3 shows experimental results which were obtained by the inventors. FIGS.3(A) and (B) show measurements obtained by using a surface roughness measuring machine when the later was used to measure the surface roughness in the
ground MT connector 1. FIG. 3(A) shows the result from the prior art while FIG. 3(B) shows the result from the grinding process according to this embodiment. - Referring to FIG. 3(A), the prior art created a
recess 4 a having its depth of about 0.1 μm or less at the core of theoptical fiber 4. - On the other hand, the grinding process according to this embodiment will create no recess at the core of the
optical fiber 4, as shown in FIG. 3(B). - As a result, the Fresnel reflection of this embodiment created when the ground MT connectors are connected to each other in the abutting relationship as shown in FIG. 6 was smaller than that of the prior art.
- Experimental estimation of the grinding liquid carried out by the inventors will be described below.
- As shown in Table 1, the fiber end recess, fiber extension and operability were estimated relating to a grinding liquid (or grinding material) prepared by mixing one part of alumina powder with 1-3 parts of monoethylene glycol by weight and another grinding liquid (or grinding material) prepared by mixing one part of alumina powder with 1-3 parts of distilled water by weight.
TABLE 1 For One Part of Alumina Powder by Weight Grinding Monoethylene Glycol Distilled Water Material 1 2 3 1 2 3 Fiber None None None Yes Yes Yes recess Fiber Good Good Bad Good Good Bad Extension (None) (None) Operability Slightly Good Good Good Good Good Bad - As will be apparent from Table 1, the grinding liquid prepared by mixing one part of alumina powder with 1-2 parts of monoethylene glycol by weight does not form any fiber recess and provides good fiber extension.
- The inventors also performed experiments relating to the concentration of the grinding liquid. Usually, the mixed liquid has been prepared by mixing one part of alumina powder with two parts of monoethylene glycol by weight. The experiments were carried out by using grinding liquids prepared by mixing monoethylene glycol with distilled water in various ratios shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Monoethylene Alumina Powder Glycol Distilled Water Type 1 10 g 15 g 5 g Type 2 10 g 10 g 10 g Type 3 10 g 5 g 15 g Normal 10 g 20 g 0 g - Table 3 shows the results from the above experiments. As will be apparent from Table 3, no core was formed and the finished end faces were good, even though the concentration was changed. However, it was found that as the concentration of the monoethylene glycol decreased, the fiber extension also decreased.
TABLE 3 Extension Core Recess Finished End Face Type 1 2.95 μm None Good Type 2 2.83 μm None Good Type 3 2.6 μm None Good - The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but may be modified or changed into various forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed in the appending claims. For example, the present invention may be applied to any connector other than the MT connector.
- According to this embodiment of the present invention, the creation of recess in the cores of the optical fibers can be reduced to provide good extension of the optical fibers from the end face of the ferrule body, since the optical fibers are ground by using the grinding sheet while applying the grounding liquid prepared by mixing a grinding material with alcohol. As a result, the return loss can be improved to increase the reliability in the optical fiber connector.
Claims (4)
1. A method of grinding an optical fiber connector such that the end faces of optical fibers to be held by the optical fiber connector extends externally from the end face of said optical fiber connector, comprising a step of grinding the end faces of the optical fibers while applying a grinding liquid containing a grinding material and alcohol onto a grinding sheet.
2. The method of grinding an optical fiber connector as defined in claim 1 wherein said grinding liquid is prepared by mixing alumina powder with polyalcohol.
3. The method of grinding an optical fiber connector as defined in claim 1 wherein said grinding liquid is prepared by mixing alumina powder with monoethylene glycol.
4. The method of grinding an optical fiber connector as defined in claim 3 wherein said grinding liquid is prepared by mixing one part of alumina powder with 1-2 parts of monoethylene glycol by weight.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000-154735 | 2000-05-25 | ||
JP2000154735 | 2000-05-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20020115386A1 true US20020115386A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
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US09/865,047 Abandoned US20020115386A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 | 2001-05-24 | Method of grinding optical fiber connector |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US20020115386A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2348296A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2365439A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080232744A1 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2008-09-25 | David Lee Dean | Multifiber ferrule with precision bumpers and methods for making the same |
US20090298391A1 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2009-12-03 | Kunio Yamada | Method of polishing end face of multi-fiber optical connector |
CN113352212A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-07 | 国网河南省电力公司商丘供电公司 | Network connector deaerator |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107350961B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-09-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of adjustable angle polarization maintaining fiber pigtail block grinding clamp |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6383239B1 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2002-05-07 | Tokyo Magnetic Printing Co., Ltd. | Free abrasive slurry composition and a grinding method using the same |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5133732B2 (en) * | 1972-02-17 | 1976-09-21 | ||
DE2247067C3 (en) * | 1972-09-26 | 1979-08-09 | Wacker-Chemitronic Gesellschaft Fuer Elektronik-Grundstoffe Mbh, 8263 Burghausen | Use of a polishing suspension for the stain-free polishing of semiconductor surfaces |
US4062658A (en) * | 1975-09-03 | 1977-12-13 | Xerox Corporation | Composition and method for repairing selenium photoreceptors |
US4839993A (en) * | 1986-01-28 | 1989-06-20 | Fujisu Limited | Polishing machine for ferrule of optical fiber connector |
JPH0770554A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-03-14 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Abrasive for edge face of optical fiber connector |
DE19708652C2 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1999-01-07 | Siemens Ag | Abrasives and methods for polishing fiber end faces |
JPH10273648A (en) * | 1997-03-28 | 1998-10-13 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Abrasion solution |
-
2001
- 2001-05-24 US US09/865,047 patent/US20020115386A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-24 CA CA002348296A patent/CA2348296A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-25 GB GB0112822A patent/GB2365439A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6383239B1 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2002-05-07 | Tokyo Magnetic Printing Co., Ltd. | Free abrasive slurry composition and a grinding method using the same |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090298391A1 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2009-12-03 | Kunio Yamada | Method of polishing end face of multi-fiber optical connector |
US20080232744A1 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2008-09-25 | David Lee Dean | Multifiber ferrule with precision bumpers and methods for making the same |
US7806601B2 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2010-10-05 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Multifiber ferrule with precision bumpers and methods for making the same |
CN113352212A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-07 | 国网河南省电力公司商丘供电公司 | Network connector deaerator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2348296A1 (en) | 2001-11-25 |
GB2365439A (en) | 2002-02-20 |
GB0112822D0 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
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