US20020103320A1 - Process for the production of telechelic substances, telechelic substances produced in this manner and use thereof - Google Patents
Process for the production of telechelic substances, telechelic substances produced in this manner and use thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020103320A1 US20020103320A1 US09/272,044 US27204499A US2002103320A1 US 20020103320 A1 US20020103320 A1 US 20020103320A1 US 27204499 A US27204499 A US 27204499A US 2002103320 A1 US2002103320 A1 US 2002103320A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- component
- group
- compound
- telechelic
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 cyclic anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000520 N-substituted aminocarbonyl group Chemical group [*]NC(=O)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Br-].[Br-] QTMDXZNDVAMKGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- UIZVMOZAXAMASY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hex-5-en-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCC=C UIZVMOZAXAMASY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZSPTYLOMNJNZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Buten-1-ol Chemical compound OCCC=C ZSPTYLOMNJNZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HXQQNYSFSLBXQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(NC(CO)C(O)=O)CC(O)(CO)CC1=NCC(O)=O Chemical compound COC1=C(NC(CO)C(O)=O)CC(O)(CO)CC1=NCC(O)=O HXQQNYSFSLBXQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021590 Copper(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- LQAVWYMTUMSFBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-en-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCC=C LQAVWYMTUMSFBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N [(1s,3s,4s)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(=C)C)C[C@H]1C2(C)C IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229940119545 isobornyl methacrylate Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 0 *************OC(=O)C([14*])(C)C(=O)NCO.*************OC(=O)C([14*])(C)C(=O)OCO.*************OC(=O)C([14*])(C)CO.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.CC(C)(C)C(=O)NCO.CC(C)(C)C(=O)OCO.[14*]C(C)(C(=O)NCO)C1=CC=CC=C1.[14*]C(C)(C(=O)OCO)C1=CC=CC=C1.[14*]C(C)(C(=O)OCO[H])C1=CC=CC=C1.[14*]C(C)(C)C(=O)OCO[H].[14*]C(C)(C)COCO.[14*]C(C)(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1.[14*]C(C)(COCO)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound *************OC(=O)C([14*])(C)C(=O)NCO.*************OC(=O)C([14*])(C)C(=O)OCO.*************OC(=O)C([14*])(C)CO.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.CC(C)(C)C(=O)NCO.CC(C)(C)C(=O)OCO.[14*]C(C)(C(=O)NCO)C1=CC=CC=C1.[14*]C(C)(C(=O)OCO)C1=CC=CC=C1.[14*]C(C)(C(=O)OCO[H])C1=CC=CC=C1.[14*]C(C)(C)C(=O)OCO[H].[14*]C(C)(C)COCO.[14*]C(C)(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1.[14*]C(C)(COCO)C1=CC=CC=C1 0.000 description 8
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001723 carbon free-radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 3
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- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQZHWRMJRAFZRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C.C.CCCC Chemical compound C.C.CCCC ZQZHWRMJRAFZRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000013033 iniferter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010550 living polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJVRPNIWWODHHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(=C)C#N IJVRPNIWWODHHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGMMQIGGQSIEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-oxazole Chemical class C=CC1=NC=CO1 PGMMQIGGQSIEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDCUKFVNOWJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-thiazole Chemical class C=CC1=NC=CS1 JDCUKFVNOWJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLMGJTAJUDSUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical class C=CC1=NC=CN1 MLMGJTAJUDSUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQBSIHIZDSHADD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical class C=CC1=NCCO1 BQBSIHIZDSHADD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDHWTWWXCXEGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylpyrimidine Chemical class C=CC1=NC=CC=N1 ZDHWTWWXCXEGIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DQDHNQLLPOUOGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate Chemical compound OCCCCOC(=O)C(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 DQDHNQLLPOUOGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAHQGWAXKLQREW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzal chloride Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 CAHQGWAXKLQREW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000489 osmium tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical class C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001927 ruthenium tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/40—Redox systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a novel process for the production of oligomeric and polymeric telechelic substances, to the telechelic substances produced in this manner and to the use thereof in the plastics, fibers or lacquer sectors.
- Telechelic substances are generally defined as linear oligomers or low molecular weight linear polymers having functional groups on both chain ends.
- a comprehensive review of the production of telechelic substances may be found, for example, in Adv. Polym. Sci. 81, 168 (1987). They are significant, inter alia, as additives and as structural units (prepolymers) for copolymers having a defined structure (e.g., block copolymers, comb polymers, star polymers).
- structural units in copolymers e.g., block copolymers, comb polymers, star polymers.
- Telechelic polyacrylates i.e. low molecular weight acrylate polymers having two defined functional end groups which can participate in crosslinking, chain extension and/or coupling reactions conventionally used in lacquer chemistry are of great interest for use in the lacquer industry
- initiators and/or terminating reagents having the desired functional groups such as functionalized diazo compounds, functionalized peroxides or redox initiators
- a functionality of two is generally not achieved because various termination reactions co-occur, e.g. disproportionation, recombination, termination by initiator radicals or termination by the terminating reagent.
- Telomerization i.e., polymerization of vinyl or arcrylate monomers in the presence of chain-transfer reagents having elevated chain-transfer constants
- chain-transfer reagents having elevated chain-transfer constants also yields only low molecular weights and this method is restricted to a few instances (e.g., Polymerization in the presence of tetrachloromethane, dibromomethane or disulfides having functional groups). Since it is not entirely possible to suppress disproportionation as a termination reaction between two active chain ends, telechelic substances are obtained having functionalities of less than two. At least in the case of the halogen compounds, it is also necessary to perform a subsequent polymer-analogous reaction of the halogen substituents to yield the desired functional groups.
- Telechelic polymethacrylates may be produced by group transfer polymerization with ketene silyl acetals, wherein the functional groups are formed by transformation of the silyl groups. Disadvantages of this method are (1) the requirement of high purity monomers and solvents and (2) the price and availability of the initiators which are needed, requirements which make such a process useful only for special applications.
- EP-A 613,910 and EP-A 622,378 disclose the production of ⁇ - ⁇ -polymethacrylate diols by selective transesterification of the terminal ester group of an ⁇ -hydroxy-functional polyalkyl methacrylate. This process has various disadvantages. First, the ⁇ -hydroxy-functional polyalkyl methacrylate is produced by free-radical polymerization in the presence of large quantities of mercaptoethanol, a compound which has a considerable odor nuisance.
- the method is a multi-stage, energy-intensive and time-consuming process; the process involves the removal of the excess mercaptoethanol and the solvent used by distillation, transesterification with an excess of a diol in the presence of a catalyst, removal of the methanol by distillation, repeated washing of the product to remove the catalyst and excess diol as well as still further purification stages.
- this reaction is restricted solely to the use of alkyl methacrylates, since the transesterification reaction otherwise no longer proceeds sufficiently selectively on the terminal ester group of the chain.
- Living free-radical polymerization is a relatively recent method for the performance of controlled free-radical polymerization. It combines the advantages of conventional free-radical polymerization (simple production process, low costs and a wide range of monomers) with those of living polymerization (polymers of a defined structure, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and end group functionality). In this process, the objective of precise control of the free-radical polymerization is achieved by reversible chain termination/blocking (“end-capping”) after each growth stage.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4, 581, 429 discloses the principle of reversible chain termination by using free-radicals based in linear or cyclic nitroxides such as tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO). If this nitroxide is reacted with a reactive carbon radical capable of initiating a free-radical vinyl polymerization reaction, a reversibly cleavable C—O bond is formed which, when subjected to moderate heating, is capable of bringing about polymerization by insertion of vinyl monomers between the nitroxide and carbon radical. After each monomer addition, the newly formed radical is “scavenged” by the nitroxide; this reversibly blocked chain end may then insert further monomer molecules. Functional end groups are also described and in this case are obtained by polymer-analogous.
- TEMPO tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy
- ATD Atom Transfer Radial Polymerization
- a transition metal complex compoundd ML abstracts a transferable atom or group of atoms X (for example, Cl and Br) from an organic compound RX to form an oxidized complex compound MLXX and an organic radical R•, which undergoes an addition reaction with a vinyl monomer Y to form the carbon radical RY•.
- This radical is capable of reacting with the oxidized complex compound, transferring X to RYX and ML x , which can initiatae a new ATRP reaction and thus a further growth stage.
- the actively polymerizing species RY• is thus reversibly blocked by the abstractable group x with the assistance of the transition metal compound, which makes the redox process possible (for example, Macromolecules 28, 1721 (1995); Macromolecules 29, 1070 (1996), Macromolecules 28, 7970 (1995), WO 95/25765, WO 96/30421 and WO 97/18247).
- telechelic substances may purposefully be produced by free-radical (co)polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers using the living free-radical polymerization method with an initiator system, which optionally contains one of the desired functional groups, in the presence of a functionalizing reagent, which has the desired functional group and terminates the chains once the monomers have been consumed.
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of oligomeric and polymeric telechelic substances of the formula
- Q represents an oligomeric, optionally substitued hydrocarbon residue with a molecular weight 300 ⁇ Q ⁇ 10000 of the formula
- n is an interger in the range 3 ⁇ n ⁇ 500 and R′, R′′, R′′′ may mutually independently be H, C 1 -C 20 -(cyclo)alkyl, C 6 -C 24 -aryl, Halogen, CN, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl ester oder alkylamide, C 6 -C 24 arylester or arylamide, wherein R′, R′′, R′′′ may also contain further functional groups such as, for example, aldehyde, keto or ether groups and R′ and R′′ may also be constituents of a ring, for example, in a cyclic anhydride, cyclic imide or cyclic alkane and the functional gropus Y 1 , Y 2 may be identical or different.
- the process involves the polymerization of:
- R′, R′′, R′′′ have the above-stated meaning and contain none of the functional groups Y 1 , Y 2 , or a mixture of such monomers with
- the present invention also provides the telechelic substances obtainable using the process according to the invention.
- the present invention also provides the use of the telechelic substances according to the invention as structural units for plastics, adhesives or fibers and as a binder, binder component or structural unit for binder components in coating compositions and adhesives.
- a preferred process is for the production of oligomeric or polymeric telechelic substances Y 1 —Q—Y 2 of the molecular weight 500 ⁇ M n ⁇ 10000, in which Q denotes an oligomeric or polymeric, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon residue as defined above with a molecular weight 300 ⁇ Q ⁇ 10000 and Y 1 , Y 2 may be identical or different and represent functional groups reactive towards isocyanates, alcohols, carboxylic acids or epoxides, by polymerization of
- R 1 R 2 R 3 C—X which contains one or more free-radically abstractable or transferable atoms or groups of atoms X, in which R 1 represents either X or a linear or branched alkyl residue which is substituted either with X or with Y′ and, optionally, further residues, and R 2 , R 3 mutually independently represent hydrogen or optionally substituted, linear or branched aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon residues or electron-attracting substituents such as COOR, CN, NO 2 , COCl, CONHR, CONR 2 , or COR,
- C) a transition metal compound M p Z q which is prepared from a cation of a metal M from the group comprising cu, Fe, ru, Cr. MO, Wo, Mn, Rh, Re, Co, Ni, V, ZN, Au, Ag or Sm, wherein M may be present in the transition metal compound in different oxidation states and may participate in a reversible redox process, and an anion Z from the group comprising halide, hydroxide, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, SO 4 2 ⁇ , PO 4 3 ⁇ , R 4 PO 4 2 ⁇ , R 4 R 5 PO 4 ⁇ , R 3 R 4 R 5 P—, CF 3 COO—, PF 6 ⁇ , CH 3 SO 3 ⁇ , ArSO3 ⁇ , CN ⁇ oder R 4 COO ⁇ , wherein R 4 , R 5 mutually independently represent hydrogen or an optionally aryl- or halosubstituted alkyl residue, and wherein p
- Any known free-radically polymerizable olefins and substituted olefins may in principle be used in the free-radically polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers A.
- the free-radically polymerizable double bond of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers A may also be part of a ring such as in cyclic olefins or olefinically unsaturated anhydrides or imides.
- Preferably used monomers for the production of Q comprise: (meth)arylic acid esters of C 1 -C 20 alcohols, acrylonitrile, cyanoacrylic acid esters of C 1 -C 20 alcohols, maleic acid diesters of C 1 -C 6 alcohols, maleic anhydride, vinylpyridines, vinyl(alkylpyrroles), vinyloxazoles, vinyloxazolines, vinylthiazoles, vinylimidazoles, vinylpyrimidines, vinyl ketones, styrene or styrene derivates, which have in ⁇ (x position a C 1 -C 6 alkyl residue or halogen and have up to three further substituents on the aromatic ring.
- Butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl arcylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobomyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride or styrene are preferably used.
- Compound B may either B1) contain a functional group Y 1 or B2) contain no Y 1 , but instead contain in the substituents an additional group X (i.e., a total of two groups X per initiator molecule).
- the residue R 1 may be described by the formula Y 1 —R 10 , in which R 10 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon residue with 1-10 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with aromatic residues, which hydrocarbon residue may optionally also contain ether, ester, amide, urethane or urea gropus and may additionally also contain linear polymeric blocks such as polyether blocks, polyester blocks or polyacrylate blocks, and Y 1 represents a functional group selected from —OH, —Cl, —COOH, —COOR, —CN, —NO 2 , —SO 3 H, —COCl, —CONHR, —CONR 2 , —OR, —OP( ⁇ O)R, —OP( ⁇ O)(OR), —OP( ⁇ O)(OR) 2 or —C( ⁇ O)R and R, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have the above-stated meaning.
- R 1 may be identical to X or be described by the formula X—CR 10 R 11 R 12 , in which R 2 , R 3 and R 10 have the above-stated meaning and R 11 and R 12 mutually independently represent hydrogen or optionally substituted, linear or branched aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon residues.
- the transition metal compound C comprises substances of the formula M p Z q , which are prepared from a cation of a metal M from the group comprising Cu, Fe, Ru, Cr, Mo, Wo, Mn, Rh, Re, Co, Ni, V, Zn, Au, Ag or Sm, wherein M may be present in the transition metal compound in different oxidation states and may participate in a reversible redox process, and an anion Z from the group comprising halide, hydroxide, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, SO 4 2 ⁇ , PO 4 3 ⁇ , R 4 PO 4 2 ⁇ , R 4 R 5 PO 4 ⁇ , R 3 R 4 R 5 P—, CF 3 COO—, PF 6 ⁇ , CH 3 SO 3 ⁇ , ArSO3 ⁇ , CN ⁇ oder R 4 COO ⁇ , wherein R 4 , R 5 mutually independently represent hydrogen or an optionally C 6 -C 24 aryl- or halo-substituted (
- the anion Z of the transition metal compound is conventionally the same as the abstractable group X of the initiator. Z and X may, however, also be different.
- Component D comprises one or more complex ligands L, which may be mono- or polydentate, which contain one or more nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus or sulfur atoms and may combine with at least one cation of the metal M to form complexes.
- complex ligands L are diamines, diamides, aminoalcohols, diols, hydroxycarboxylic acid esters, aminocarboxylic acid esters, bipyridines, bipyrroles, phenanthrolines, cryptands, crown ethers or porphyrins.
- component D are, however, preferably used as component D, wherein R 15 to R 18 mutually independently represent hydrogen or C 1 -c 20 aliphatic or C 6 -C 24 aromatic hydrocarbon residues, and R 15 to R 18 may optionally also be linked together to form an unsaturated, optionally aromatic, ring containing nitrogen, and wherein component D may also be attached to a polymer or incorporated into a polymer chain by means of one or more of residues R 15 to R 18 .
- This reagent comprises a compound of the formula R 6 R 7 C ⁇ CR 8 (R 9 —Y 2 ), which contains at least one olefinic double bond and at least one functional group Y 2 reactive towards isocyanates, alcohols, carboxylic acids or epoxides, wherein a carbon residue R 9 must be present between the double bond and Y 2 , which carbon residue R 9 represents a linear or branched, optionally substituted
- Component E is preferably selected from compounds of the group.
- R 19 represents hydrogen or a linear or branched C 1 -C 6 alkyl chain and R 20 and R 21 represent any desired hydrocarbon residues having 1 to 20 C atoms
- R 22 is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 20 alkyl residue, preferably methyl
- n may be 1-4
- m my be 1-10. It is particularly preferred to use 2-propen-1-ol, 3-buten-1-ol, 4-penten-1-ol, 5-hexen-1-ol or the propoxylated derivates thereof obtained by addition of 1-10 mol of propylene oxide onto the OH group.
- components A to E must be present in the system in certain molar ratios.
- the complex ligand D should be present relative to the transition metal compound C at a molar ratio of D:C of 1:1 to 4:1. preferably of .5:1 to 3.1.
- the initiator compound B must here be present relative to the transition metal compound C at a molar ratio of B:C of 0.3:1 to 5:1, preferably of 1:1 to 3:1.
- Component E is used in a quantity corresponding to a molar ratio of B:C of 0.3:1 to 5:1, preferably of 1:1 to 3:1.
- Component E is used in a quantity corresponding to a molar ratio of C ⁇ C double bonds in component E to transferable atoms/groups of atoms X in component B of at least 1:1, preferably of at least 3:1.
- the quantity of component A (monomers) to initiator compound C is determined as a function of the desired molecular weight or degree of polymerization of the telechelic substance. Since the process according to the invention involves a living polymerization reaction, from which termination or transfer reactions are substantially absent, and component E does not undergo addition onto the active chain ends until after component A has been consumed, the person skilled in the art may readily calculate the required initiator concentration [B] for a given initial monomer concentration [A 0 ] if a degree of polymerization P n is to be achieved:
- x p ([A 0 ]-[A])/[A 0 ] represents the degree of concersion and [A] the actual monomer concentration at conversion x p .
- telechelic substances of any desired molecular weight may be produced using the process according to the invention.
- molecular weights of 500 ⁇ M n ⁇ 10000, preferably of 100 ⁇ M n ⁇ 5000, are established.
- the molecular weight distributions obtained are very narrow and are within the range 1 . 1 ⁇ M w /M n ⁇ 1.5.
- the telechelic substances produed using the process according to the invention have functionalities (Y 1 +Y 2 ) of 1.6 to 2.0, generally, however, of >1.8 to 2.0, but never of >2.0.
- One of the two end groups may also be present in derivatized or protected form, wherein functionalities of 0.8 to 1.0, geneerally of >0.9 to 1.0, are then obtained.
- the reaction in the process according to the invention may be perfomed at temperatures of between room temperature and 180° C., preferably of between 80° C. and 150° C., preferably of between 90° C. and 130° C. the reaction may be performed both without solvents (in the monomer or monomer mixture) and in an organic solvent known in lacquer technology. It may be performed in air or under a protective gas atmosphere; a protective gas atmosphere (for example nitrogen or argon) is preferably used.
- a protective gas atmosphere for example nitrogen or argon
- the telechelic substances Y 1 —Q—Y 2 according to the invention may be used as structural units in block copolymers, which are present, for example, in plastics, fibers, adhesives or binders or binder components in coating compositions.
- the functional groups Y 1 , Y 2 of the telechelic substance may be selected such that the synthesis reactions to yield the block copolymer proceed in a straightforward and controlled manner.
- the telechelic substances according to the invention may also be used in unmodified form as a binder, binder component, curing agent or curing agent component in coating compositions and adhesives.
- Example 1 OH-functional initiator+end capping with allyl alcohol
- Examplex 2 and 3 OH-functional initiator+end capping ith the penylurethane derivate of allyl alcohol
- Example 4 and 6 double end capping with the phenylurethane derivative of allyl alcohol.
- Example 5 double end capping with allyl alcohol.
Abstract
A novel process for the production of oligomeric and polymeric telechelic compositions, to the telechelic compositions produced in this manner and to use thereof in the plastics, fibers or lacquer sectors.
Description
- The invention relates to a novel process for the production of oligomeric and polymeric telechelic substances, to the telechelic substances produced in this manner and to the use thereof in the plastics, fibers or lacquer sectors.
- Telechelic substances are generally defined as linear oligomers or low molecular weight linear polymers having functional groups on both chain ends. A comprehensive review of the production of telechelic substances may be found, for example, inAdv. Polym. Sci. 81, 168 (1987). They are significant, inter alia, as additives and as structural units (prepolymers) for copolymers having a defined structure (e.g., block copolymers, comb polymers, star polymers). When used as structural units in copolymers, telechelic substances must be as precisely bifunctional as possible.
- The best known reactions for the production of telechelic substances which have a functionality of exactly two are (1) polyaddition reactions (for example, to yield polyurethanes or polyureas), (2) polycondensation reactions (for example, to yield polyesters, polycarbonates, or polyamides) as well as (3) ring-opening anionic or cationic polymerization reactions of heterocyclic monomers (for example, cyclic esters, carbonates, acetals or ethers), optionally with terminating reagents containing the desired functional groups.
- Telechelic polyacrylates, i.e. low molecular weight acrylate polymers having two defined functional end groups which can participate in crosslinking, chain extension and/or coupling reactions conventionally used in lacquer chemistry are of great interest for use in the lacquer industry
- Telechelic polyacrylates, however, cannot be produced using any of the above-stated processes.
- Various methods are known in polymer chemistry for incorporating functional end groups into polyvinyl or polyacrylate compounds, for example, oxidative chain scission (e.g., with oxygen, ozone, osmium or ruthenium tetroxide). However, these methods are non-specific and/or require the presence of double bonds in the polymer chains as a point of attack for scission. It is virtually impossible to achieve exact bifunctionality with these methods.
- If monomers having the desired functional group are used in a free-radical polymerization in a quantity calculated to yield a functionality of two, a product mixture is obtained having an average functionality of two. The product, however, contains not only bifunctional molecules, but also tri- and more highly functional molecules, monofunctional molecules as well as non-functional polymer molecules.
- If initiators and/or terminating reagents having the desired functional groups (such as functionalized diazo compounds, functionalized peroxides or redox initiators) are used instead of the monomers having functional groups, a functionality of two is generally not achieved because various termination reactions co-occur, e.g. disproportionation, recombination, termination by initiator radicals or termination by the terminating reagent.
- In “dead and” polymerization, a large excess of an initiator having the desired end group is used. In this technique, each polymer chain can be terminated with an initiator molecule and is accordingly bifunctional. However, only very low molecular weight polymers are formed and large quantities of initiator are required.
- Telomerization (i.e., polymerization of vinyl or arcrylate monomers in the presence of chain-transfer reagents having elevated chain-transfer constants) also yields only low molecular weights and this method is restricted to a few instances (e.g., Polymerization in the presence of tetrachloromethane, dibromomethane or disulfides having functional groups). since it is not entirely possible to suppress disproportionation as a termination reaction between two active chain ends, telechelic substances are obtained having functionalities of less than two. At least in the case of the halogen compounds, it is also necessary to perform a subsequent polymer-analogous reaction of the halogen substituents to yield the desired functional groups.
- Telechelic polymethacrylates may be produced by group transfer polymerization with ketene silyl acetals, wherein the functional groups are formed by transformation of the silyl groups. Disadvantages of this method are (1) the requirement of high purity monomers and solvents and (2) the price and availability of the initiators which are needed, requirements which make such a process useful only for special applications.
- EP-A 613,910 and EP-A 622,378 disclose the production of α-ω-polymethacrylate diols by selective transesterification of the terminal ester group of an α-hydroxy-functional polyalkyl methacrylate. This process has various disadvantages. First, the α-hydroxy-functional polyalkyl methacrylate is produced by free-radical polymerization in the presence of large quantities of mercaptoethanol, a compound which has a considerable odor nuisance. Second, the method is a multi-stage, energy-intensive and time-consuming process; the process involves the removal of the excess mercaptoethanol and the solvent used by distillation, transesterification with an excess of a diol in the presence of a catalyst, removal of the methanol by distillation, repeated washing of the product to remove the catalyst and excess diol as well as still further purification stages. Third, this reaction is restricted solely to the use of alkyl methacrylates, since the transesterification reaction otherwise no longer proceeds sufficiently selectively on the terminal ester group of the chain.
- Another special technique which has a limited range of applications and no economic potential is ring-opening polymerization of unsaturated heterocyclics (for example, cyclic ketene acetals, unsaturated spiroorthocarbonates); such monomers are not industrialy avilable.
- None of the methods so far mentioned is thus suitable for the production of the desired telechelic polyacrylates, because the desired functionality is not achieved, the method is restricted to only a few specific cases and/or polymer-analogous subsequent reactions are required. There is a need for a polymerization process which combines ease of performance with good control of the polymerization and in particular of the end groups of the polymer chains. Living free-radical polymerization is one such process.
- Living free-radical polymerization is a relatively recent method for the performance of controlled free-radical polymerization. It combines the advantages of conventional free-radical polymerization (simple production process, low costs and a wide range of monomers) with those of living polymerization (polymers of a defined structure, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and end group functionality). In this process, the objective of precise control of the free-radical polymerization is achieved by reversible chain termination/blocking (“end-capping”) after each growth stage.
- The equilibrium concentration of the actively polymerizing chain ends at this point is so low in comparison with the equilibrium concentration of the blocked (“dormant”) chain ends that termination and transfer reactions are largely suppressed in comparison with the growth reaction. since the end-capping is reversible, all the chain ends remain “living” providing that no terminating reagent is present. This allows control of the molecular weight, a narrow molecular weight distribution and purposeful functionalization of the chain end by terminatig reagents.
- Initial attempts at controlled free-radical polymerization (using the iniferter method) were described, for example, inMakromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. 3 (1982), 127 and 132. The iniferter method here describes a class of free-radical initiators which can enter into initiation, transfer and reversible termination reactions, e.g., tetraalkylthiuram disulfides which are photolytically cleaved and activated. In this manner, it is possible to produce polymers having dithiocarbamate end groups and which may be reactivated by irradiation.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4, 581, 429 discloses the principle of reversible chain termination by using free-radicals based in linear or cyclic nitroxides such as tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO). If this nitroxide is reacted with a reactive carbon radical capable of initiating a free-radical vinyl polymerization reaction, a reversibly cleavable C—O bond is formed which, when subjected to moderate heating, is capable of bringing about polymerization by insertion of vinyl monomers between the nitroxide and carbon radical. After each monomer addition, the newly formed radical is “scavenged” by the nitroxide; this reversibly blocked chain end may then insert further monomer molecules. Functional end groups are also described and in this case are obtained by polymer-analogous.
- This concept of reversible termination with nitroxide has been developed into a practical polymerization method in, for example,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 11185 (1994), Macromolecules 28, 2993 (1995), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,322,912, 5,401,804, 5,412,047 and 5,449,724; and WO 94/11412, WO 95/26987 and WO 95/31484. The starter system used in this case is a combination of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) and TEMPO.
- Another approach is Atom Transfer Radial Polymerization (ATRP), in which a transition metal complex compoundd ML, abstracts a transferable atom or group of atoms X (for example, Cl and Br) from an organic compound RX to form an oxidized complex compound MLXX and an organic radical R•, which undergoes an addition reaction with a vinyl monomer Y to form the carbon radical RY•. This radical is capable of reacting with the oxidized complex compound, transferring X to RYX and MLx, which can initiatae a new ATRP reaction and thus a further growth stage. The actively polymerizing species RY• is thus reversibly blocked by the abstractable group x with the assistance of the transition metal compound, which makes the redox process possible (for example, Macromolecules 28, 1721 (1995); Macromolecules 29, 1070 (1996), Macromolecules 28, 7970 (1995), WO 95/25765, WO 96/30421 and WO 97/18247).
- It is an object of the invention to provide a process that produces a homo- or copolymer having a purposefully established molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution in a single reaction stage from one or more vinyl monomers, in particular, acrylate monomers and styrene.
- It is an object of the invention to provide a process in which the resultant polymers have two functional end groups which are capable of further reaction or crosslinking with the functional groups usual in lacquer chemistry.
- The foregoing objects have been achieved by a process in which telechelic substances may purposefully be produced by free-radical (co)polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers using the living free-radical polymerization method with an initiator system, which optionally contains one of the desired functional groups, in the presence of a functionalizing reagent, which has the desired functional group and terminates the chains once the monomers have been consumed.
- The present invention relates to a process for the production of oligomeric and polymeric telechelic substances of the formula
- Y1—Q—Y2
- wherein
-
- in which n is an interger in the range 3≦n≦500 and R′, R″, R′″ may mutually independently be H, C1-C20-(cyclo)alkyl, C6-C24-aryl, Halogen, CN, C1-C20-alkyl ester oder alkylamide, C6-C24 arylester or arylamide, wherein R′, R″, R′″ may also contain further functional groups such as, for exemple, aldehyde, keto or ether groups and R′ and R″ may also be constituents of a ring, for example, in a cyclic anhydride, cyclic imide or cyclic alkane and the functional gropus Y1, Y2 may be identical or different. the process involves the polymerization of:
- A) free-radically polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the formula
- R′HC═CR″R′″,
- in which R′, R″, R′″ have the above-stated meaning and contain none of the functional groups Y1, Y2, or a mixture of such monomers with
- B) an initiator compound or a mixture of such compounds,
- C) a transition metal compound or a mixture of compound and
- D) one or more complex ligands which are capable of complexing the central atom(s) of the compound C, characterized in that polymerization is performed
- E) a functionalizing reagent which has at least one C═C double bond and least one of the desired functional groups Y1, Y2.
- The present invention also provides the telechelic substances obtainable using the process according to the invention.
- The present invention also provides the use of the telechelic substances according to the invention as structural units for plastics, adhesives or fibers and as a binder, binder component or structural unit for binder components in coating compositions and adhesives.
- A preferred process is for the production of oligomeric or polymeric telechelic substances Y1—Q—Y2 of the molecular weight 500<Mn<10000, in which Q denotes an oligomeric or polymeric, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon residue as defined above with a molecular weight 300<Q<10000 and Y1, Y2 may be identical or different and represent functional groups reactive towards isocyanates, alcohols, carboxylic acids or epoxides, by polymerization of
- A) free-radically polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the formula in which R′, R″, R′″ have the above-stated meaning and contain none of the functional groups Y1, Y2 or a mixture of such monomers, which contain no groups Y1, Y2 in the molecule, or a mixture of such monomers with
- B) an initiator compound R1R2R3C—X, which contains one or more free-radically abstractable or transferable atoms or groups of atoms X, in which R1 represents either X or a linear or branched alkyl residue which is substituted either with X or with Y′ and, optionally, further residues, and R2, R3 mutually independently represent hydrogen or optionally substituted, linear or branched aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon residues or electron-attracting substituents such as COOR, CN, NO2, COCl, CONHR, CONR2, or COR,
- C) a transition metal compound MpZq, which is prepared from a cation of a metal M from the group comprising cu, Fe, ru, Cr. MO, Wo, Mn, Rh, Re, Co, Ni, V, ZN, Au, Ag or Sm, wherein M may be present in the transition metal compound in different oxidation states and may participate in a reversible redox process, and an anion Z from the group comprising halide, hydroxide, C1-C6 alkoxy, SO4 2−, PO4 3−, R4PO4 2−, R4R5PO4 −, R3R4R5P—, CF3COO—, PF6 −, CH3SO3−, ArSO3−, CN− oder R4COO−, wherein R4, R5 mutually independently represent hydrogen or an optionally aryl- or halosubstituted alkyl residue, and wherein p and q are determined by the valencies of M and Z in the transition metal compound and
- D) a mono- or polydentate complex ligand L, which contains one or more nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur or phosphorus atoms and may combine with at least one cation of the metal M to form complexes, characterized in that components A) to D) are reacted in a living free-radical polymerization reaction to yield the telechelic substance Y1—Q—Y2 in the presence of
- E) a compound R6R7C═CRW(R9—Y2), which contains at least one olefinic double Y2 bond and at least one functional group Y reactive towards isocyanates, alcohols, carboxylic acids or epoxides, wherein a carbon residue R9 must be present between the double bond and Y2, which carbon residue R9 represents a linear or branched, optionally substituted alkyl chain having a minimum length of 1 methylene group, and wherein R6, R7 and R8 mutually independently represent hydrogen or an optionally aryl- or halosubstituted alkyl residue.
- Any known free-radically polymerizable olefins and substituted olefins may in principle be used in the free-radically polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers A. Substituents which may be considered are, for example, hydrogen (H), linear or branched alkyl residues (R) having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may optionally also have further substituents, α,β-unsaturated linear or branched alkenyl or alkynyl residues, which may optionally also have further substituents, cycloalkyl residues, which may also have heteroatoms, such as, O, N or S in the ring and optionally further substituents, optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl residues, halogen, CN, CF3, COOR, CONHR, CONR2, COR (where R=C1-C20).
- The free-radically polymerizable double bond of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers A may also be part of a ring such as in cyclic olefins or olefinically unsaturated anhydrides or imides.
- Preferably used monomers for the production of Q comprise: (meth)arylic acid esters of C1-C20 alcohols, acrylonitrile, cyanoacrylic acid esters of C1-C20 alcohols, maleic acid diesters of C1-C6 alcohols, maleic anhydride, vinylpyridines, vinyl(alkylpyrroles), vinyloxazoles, vinyloxazolines, vinylthiazoles, vinylimidazoles, vinylpyrimidines, vinyl ketones, styrene or styrene derivates, which have in α (x position a C1-C6 alkyl residue or halogen and have up to three further substituents on the aromatic ring. Butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl arcylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobomyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride or styrene are preferably used.
- The initiator compound B comprises substances of the formula R1R2R3X containing one or more free-radically abstractable or transferable atoms or groups of atoms X, in which R1 represents either X or a linear or branched C1-c20 alkyl residue, which is substituted either with X or with Y1 and optionally further residues and R2, R3 mutually independently represent hydrogen or optionally substituted, linear or branched C1-C20 aliphatic or C6-c24 aromatic hydrocarbon residues or electron-attracting substituents such as, for example, COOR, CN, NO2, COCl, CONHR, CONR2 or COR (where R=C1-C20). Compound B may either B1) contain a functional group Y1 or B2) contain no Y1, but instead contain in the substituents an additional group X (i.e., a total of two groups X per initiator molecule).
- In the initiator compounds B1, the residue R1 may be described by the formula Y1—R10, in which R10 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon residue with 1-10 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with aromatic residues, which hydrocarbon residue may optionally also contain ether, ester, amide, urethane or urea gropus and may additionally also contain linear polymeric blocks such as polyether blocks, polyester blocks or polyacrylate blocks, and Y1 represents a functional group selected from —OH, —Cl, —COOH, —COOR, —CN, —NO2, —SO3H, —COCl, —CONHR, —CONR2, —OR, —OP(═O)R, —OP(═O)(OR), —OP(═O)(OR)2 or —C(═O)R and R, R1, R2 and R3 have the above-stated meaning.
-
- are preferably used as component B1, wherein Hal=Cl or Br, R13=C1-C6 alkyl, R14=H or CH3, n=1-10 and m=1-225.
-
- are preferably used as component B2, wherein Hal=Cl or Br, R13=C1-C6 alkyl, R14=HorCH3, n=1-225and m=2-6.
- The transition metal compound C comprises substances of the formula MpZq, which are prepared from a cation of a metal M from the group comprising Cu, Fe, Ru, Cr, Mo, Wo, Mn, Rh, Re, Co, Ni, V, Zn, Au, Ag or Sm, wherein M may be present in the transition metal compound in different oxidation states and may participate in a reversible redox process, and an anion Z from the group comprising halide, hydroxide, C1-C6 alkoxy, SO4 2−, PO4 3−, R4PO4 2−, R4R5PO4 −, R3R4R5P—, CF3COO—, PF6 −, CH3SO3 −, ArSO3−, CN− oder R4COO−, wherein R4, R5 mutually independently represent hydrogen or an optionally C6-C24 aryl- or halo-substituted (Cl. Br) alkyl residue, and wherein p and q denote a number of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and are not determined by the valencies of M and Z in the transition metal compound. CuCl, mixtures of CuCl and CuC12, CuBr or mixtures of CuBr and CuBr2 are preferably used as component C.
- The anion Z of the transition metal compound is conventionally the same as the abstractable group X of the initiator. Z and X may, however, also be different.
- Component D comprises one or more complex ligands L, which may be mono- or polydentate, which contain one or more nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus or sulfur atoms and may combine with at least one cation of the metal M to form complexes. Examples of such ligands are diamines, diamides, aminoalcohols, diols, hydroxycarboxylic acid esters, aminocarboxylic acid esters, bipyridines, bipyrroles, phenanthrolines, cryptands, crown ethers or porphyrins. Ligands which complex the central atom (for example by means of 7r bonds), aromatic compounds, (poly)olefins or (poly)alkynes, as well as cyclopentadienyl compounds may also be suitable. Compounds of the formula
- are, however, preferably used as component D, wherein R15 to R18 mutually independently represent hydrogen or C1-c20 aliphatic or C6-C24 aromatic hydrocarbon residues, and R15 to R18 may optionally also be linked together to form an unsaturated, optionally aromatic, ring containing nitrogen, and wherein component D may also be attached to a polymer or incorporated into a polymer chain by means of one or more of residues R15 to R18.
- It is essential to the invention that polymerization is performed in the presence of a functionalizing reagent E. This reagent comprises a compound of the formula R6R7C═CR8(R9—Y2), which contains at least one olefinic double bond and at least one functional group Y2 reactive towards isocyanates, alcohols, carboxylic acids or epoxides, wherein a carbon residue R9 must be present between the double bond and Y2, which carbon residue R9 represents a linear or branched, optionally substituted
-
- wherein R19 represents hydrogen or a linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl chain and R20 and R21 represent any desired hydrocarbon residues having 1 to 20 C atoms, R22 is hydrogen or a C1-C20 alkyl residue, preferably methyl, n may be 1-4 and m my be 1-10. It is particularly preferred to use 2-propen-1-ol, 3-buten-1-ol, 4-penten-1-ol, 5-hexen-1-ol or the propoxylated derivates thereof obtained by addition of 1-10 mol of propylene oxide onto the OH group.
- In order to produce the desired telechelic substances using the process according to the invention, components A to E must be present in the system in certain molar ratios. The complex ligand D should be present relative to the transition metal compound C at a molar ratio of D:C of 1:1 to 4:1. preferably of .5:1 to 3.1. The initiator compound B must here be present relative to the transition metal compound C at a molar ratio of B:C of 0.3:1 to 5:1, preferably of 1:1 to 3:1. Component E is used in a quantity corresponding to a molar ratio of B:C of 0.3:1 to 5:1, preferably of 1:1 to 3:1. Component E is used in a quantity corresponding to a molar ratio of C═C double bonds in component E to transferable atoms/groups of atoms X in component B of at least 1:1, preferably of at least 3:1.
- The quantity of component A (monomers) to initiator compound C is determined as a function of the desired molecular weight or degree of polymerization of the telechelic substance. Since the process according to the invention involves a living polymerization reaction, from which termination or transfer reactions are substantially absent, and component E does not undergo addition onto the active chain ends until after component A has been consumed, the person skilled in the art may readily calculate the required initiator concentration [B] for a given initial monomer concentration [A0] if a degree of polymerization Pn is to be achieved:
- [B]=xp·[A0]/Pn
- wherein xp ([A0]-[A])/[A0] represents the degree of concersion and [A] the actual monomer concentration at conversion xp. It is evident from the above that telechelic substances of any desired molecular weight may be produced using the process according to the invention. Preferably, however, molecular weights of 500<Mn<10000, preferably of 100<Mn<5000, are established. The molecular weight distributions obtained are very narrow and are within the range 1.1<Mw/Mn<1.5.
- The telechelic substances produed using the process according to the invention have functionalities (Y1+Y2) of 1.6 to 2.0, generally, however, of >1.8 to 2.0, but never of >2.0. One of the two end groups may also be present in derivatized or protected form, wherein functionalities of 0.8 to 1.0, geneerally of >0.9 to 1.0, are then obtained.
- The reaction in the process according to the invention may be perfomed at temperatures of between room temperature and 180° C., preferably of between 80° C. and 150° C., preferably of between 90° C. and 130° C. the reaction may be performed both without solvents (in the monomer or monomer mixture) and in an organic solvent known in lacquer technology. It may be performed in air or under a protective gas atmosphere; a protective gas atmosphere (for example nitrogen or argon) is preferably used.
- The telechelic substances Y1—Q—Y2 according to the invention may be used as structural units in block copolymers, which are present, for example, in plastics, fibers, adhesives or binders or binder components in coating compositions. Depending upon the chemical nature of the plastics, fibers, adhesives or binders and the functionalities of the other structural units present therein, the functional groups Y1, Y2 of the telechelic substance may be selected such that the synthesis reactions to yield the block copolymer proceed in a straightforward and controlled manner. It is possible by means of the monomer composition of the central block Q of the telechelic substance to introduce properties into the block copolymers produced therefrom, such as rigidity, flexibility, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, deliberate incompatibilities or additional functionalities.
- Depending upon the functionality Y1, Y2, the telechelic substances according to the invention may also be used in unmodified form as a binder, binder component, curing agent or curing agent component in coating compositions and adhesives.
- The invention is further illustrated but is not intended to limited by the following examples in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
- Production of a Telechelic Substance According to the Invention
- 1 equivalent (49 parts by weight) of CuCl, 3 equivalents (234 parts by weight) of bipyridine, 18.8 equivalents (939 parts by weight) of methyl methacrylate, 20 equivalents (582 parts by weight) of allyl alcohol and 2 equivalents (246 parts by weight) of 4-hydroxybutyl-2-chloro-2-phenyl acetate was added to 710 parts by weight of butyl acetate under a nitrogen atmosphere in a multi-necked flask. The mixture was heated to 130° C. and stirred at this temperature for 60 hours. After this period, the mixture was diluted with a quantity of dichloromethane corresponding to the quantity of butyl acetate and this solution was washed with a 5% hydrochloric acid solution. After phase separation, the organic phase was evaporated under a vacuum and the product precipitated by slowly running this solution into hexane. After filtration and drying, a hydroxy-telechelic substance was obtained at a yield of 91% which, according to GPC, had a number average molecular weight of 1900 and a polydispersity of 1.25. The degree of functionalization, determined by1H-NMR spectroscopy and OH titration, was 1.8. In the MALDI-TOF spectrum, bishydroxy-functional oligomers were detected as the principal product, together with small quantities of monohydroxy-functional oligomers; non-functional oligomers were not found.
- The mixtures of the components started in table 1 (all quantities stated as parts by weight) were combined and reacted and made in (=isolation and purification of the crude product) accordance with the procedure of Example 1:
TABLE 1 Production of telechelic substances according to the invention Example no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 CuCl 49 25 25 20 9 30 CuBr Bipyridin 234 117 117 94 43 140 Methyl methacrylate 939 500 196 400 187 100 n-Butyl acrylate 894 128 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate 184 Allyl alcohol 582 135 171 Allyl-N-(4-methyl- 175 112 153 344 phyenl)carbamate 4-Hydroxybutyl-2- 246 61 chloro-2-phenylacetate N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2- 50 chloro-2-phenylacetamide 2-Bromoisobutyric acid ethyl ester α,α-Dichlorotoluene 32 15 48 Butyl acetate 710 440 440 440 180 440 Reaction time [h] 60 20 21 24 22 21 Reaction temp. [° C.] 130 130 130 130 130 130 Mn (GPC) 1900 6300 2500 3000 3100 2000 Mw/Mn (GPC) 1,25 1,14 1,39 1,43 1,25 1,43 Functionality* 1,8 1,9 1,97 1,95 >1.6 >1,8 - Examples 1-6:
- Example 1: OH-functional initiator+end capping with allyl alcohol
- Examplex 2 and 3: OH-functional initiator+end capping ith the penylurethane derivate of allyl alcohol
- Example 4 and 6: double end capping with the phenylurethane derivative of allyl alcohol.
- Example 5: double end capping with allyl alcohol.
- Although the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that variations can be made therein by those skilled in tha art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention except as it may be limited by the claims.
Claims (14)
1. A process for making a telechelic composition the formula:
Y1—Q—Y2,
wherein q represents an oligomeric, optionally substituted, hydrocarbon residue with a molecular weight 300<Q<1000 of the formula
wherein n is an integer in the range 3≦n≦500, each R′, R″, R′″ comprise a component selected from the group consisting of h, a C1-C20 (cyclo)alkyl, a C6-C24 aryl, halogen, CN, a C1-C20 alkyl ester, an alkylamide, a C6-C24 aryl ester and arylamide, aldehydes, keto groups, ether groups, or wherein each R′, R″, R′″ is a constituent of a ring comprisinga component selected from the group consisting of cyclic anhydrides, cyclic imides, cyclic alkanes and wherein Y1 and Y2 are functional groups that are identical or different;
wherein the process comprises polymerization of:
A) a monomer component comprising free-radically polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the formula
R′HC═CR″R′″,
in which R′, R″, R′″ have the above stated meaning and which contain no groups Y1, Y2 in the molecule, or a mixture of such monomers with
B) an initiator component,
C) a transition metal component, and
D) one or more complex ligands which are capable of complexing the central atom(s) of the compound C, characterized in that polymerization is performed in the presence of
E) a functionalizing reagent which has at least one C═C double bond and at least one of the desired functional groups Y1, Y2.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the compound Y1—Q—Y2 has molecular weight 500<Mn<10000, where Y1 and Y2 each comprise a component selected from the group functional groups consisting of isocyanate-reactive compounds, alcohol-reactive compounds, carboxylic acid-reactive compounds and epoxide-reactive compounds, and wherein the proces comprises the polymerization of:
A) a monomer component comprising free-radically polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the formula
R′HC═CR″R′″,
in which R′, R″, R′″ have the above-stated meaning and contain none of the functional groups Y1, Y2, or a mixture of such monomers,
B) an initiator component comprising a compound R1R2R3C—X, which contains one or more free-radically abstractable or transferable atoms or groups of atoms X, in which R1 represents either X or a linear or branched alkyl redidue which is substituted either with X or with Y1 and optionally further residues, and R2, R3 mutually independently represent hydrogen or optionally substituted, linear or branched aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon residues or electron-attracting substituents such as COOR, CN, NO2, COCl, CONHR, CONR2 or COR,
C) a transition metal component comprising a compound MpZq, which Cu, Fe, Ru, Cr, Mo, Wo, Mn, Rh, Re, Co, Ni, V, Zn, Au, Ag oder Sm, wherein M may be present in the transition metal compound in different oxidation states and may participate in a reversible redox process, and an anion Z from the group comprising halide, hydroxide, C1-C6 alkoxy, SO4 2−, PO4 3−, R4PO4 2−, R4R5PO4 −, R3R4R5P—, CF3COO—, PF6 −, CH3SO3 −, ArSO3 −, CN− or R4COO−, wherein R4, R5 mutually independently represent hydrogen or an optionally aryl- or halo-substituted alkyl residue, and wherein p and q are determined by the valencies of M and Z in the transition metal compound and
D) a mono- or polydentate complex ligand L, which contains one or more nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur or phosphorus atoms and may combine with at least one cation of the metal M to form complexes, characterized in that components A) to D) are reacted in a living free-radical polymerization reaction to yield the telechelic substance Y1—Q—Y2 in the presence of
E) a compound R6R7C═CR5(R9—Y2), which contains at least one olefinic double bond and at least one functional group Y2 reactive towards isocyanates, alcohols, carboxylic acids or epoxides, wherein a carbon residue R9 must be present between the double bond and Y2, which carbon residue R9 represents a linear or branched, optionally substituted alkyl chain having a minimum length of 1 methylene group, and wherein R6, R7 and R8 mutually independently represent hydrogen or an optionally aryl- or halo-substituted alkyl residue.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein component B comprises a compound having the formula R1R2R3C—X, wherein R1 has the formula Y1—R10, wherein R10 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon residue with 1-10 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with aromatic residues, which hydrocarbon residue may optionally also contain ether, ester, amide, urethane or urea groups, and may additionally also contain linear polymeric blocks, such as polyether blocks, polyester blocks or polyacrylate blocks, and wherein Y1 comprises a component selected from the group consisting of —OH, —Cl, —COOH, —COOR, —CN, —NO2, —SO3H, —COCl, —CONHR, —CONR2, —OR, —OP(═O)R, —OP(═O)(OR), —OP(═O)(OR)2 or —C(═O)R, wherein R2, R3 have the above-stated meaning.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein component B comprises a compund having the formula R1R2R3C—X, which contain no functional groups Y1, wherein R1 is identical to X or has the formula X—CR10R11R12, wherein R2, R3 and R10 have the above-stated meaning and R11 und R12 mutually independently represent hydrogen or optionally substituted, linear or branched aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon residues.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the component A comprises a component comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexal acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, cylohexyl methycrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride or styrene, and mixtures thereof.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein component C comprises a component comprising a compund selected from the group consisting of CuCl, mixtures of CuCl and CuCl2, CuBr, and mixtures of CuBr and CuBr2.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein component D) comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the formula
wherein R15 bis R18 mutually independently represent hydrogen or C1-C20 aliphatic or C6-C24 aromatic hydrocarbon residues, and R15 bis R18 may optionally also be linked together to form an unsaturated, optionally aromatic, ring containing nitrogen, and wherein component D may also be attached to a polymer or incorporated into a polymer chain by means of one or more of residues R15 to R18.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein component E comprises a component selected from the group consisting of
wherein R19 is hydrogen or a linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl chain and R20 and R21 is a hydrocarbon residue, R22 is hydrogen or an alkyl residue, preferably methyl, n may be 1-4 and m may be 1-10.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein component E comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of 2-propen-1-ol, 3-buten-1-ol, 4-penten-1-ol, 5-hexen-1-ol, and the corresponding propoxylated compounds obtained by addition of 1-10 mol of propylene oxide onto the OH group is used.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the complex ligand D is used relative to the transition metal compound C at a molar ratio of D:C of 2.5:1 to 3.1 and the initiator coumpound B is present relative to the transition metal compound C at a molar ratio of B:C of 1:1 to 3:1 and component E is used in a quantity corresponding to a molar ratio of C═C double bonds in component E to transferable atoms/groups of atoms X in component B of least 3:1.
13. The telechelic composition obtainable according to claims 1.
14. The telechelic composition of claim 13 , wherein the composition has a number average molecular weight of between 1000 and 5000.
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DE19813353.7 | 1998-03-26 | ||
DE19813353A DE19813353A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 | 1998-03-26 | Processes for the production of telecheles, telecheles thus produced and their use |
DE19813353 | 1998-03-26 |
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US (1) | US6455645B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0945469B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000080107A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE253596T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2266252A1 (en) |
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US8642711B2 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-02-04 | Kyoto University | Living radical polymerization method |
CN112480295A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-12 | 天元(杭州)新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of carboxyl-terminated telechelic liquid rubber |
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EP1158006B1 (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2006-11-15 | Kaneka Corporation | Polymer, process for producing the polymer, and curable composition containing the polymer |
DE19961342B4 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2004-02-19 | 3M Espe Ag | Radically curable urethane prepolymers and their use |
JP2001234117A (en) * | 2000-02-21 | 2001-08-28 | Arakawa Chem Ind Co Ltd | Coating material composition |
DE10321039A1 (en) * | 2003-05-10 | 2004-11-25 | Construction Research & Technology Gmbh | Use of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate and urethane derivatives thereof as ATRP initiators for the production of linear or branched polymers, comb polymers, block copolymers, macro-initiators and star-shaped polymers |
EP3502094A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-26 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Method for the preparation of telechelic polymers polyols from trithiocarbonates |
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DE3486145T2 (en) | 1983-07-11 | 1993-09-23 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | METHOD FOR POLYMERIZATION AND POLYMERS PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD. |
US5322912A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-06-21 | Xerox Corporation | Polymerization processes and toner compositions therefrom |
US5444135A (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1995-08-22 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Direct synthesis by living cationic polymerization of nitrogen-containing polymers |
DE4306537A1 (en) | 1993-03-03 | 1994-09-08 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Polymethacrylic acid esters, the ester groups of which in the alpha and optionally additionally in the omega position differ from the ester groups in the chain |
DE4314111A1 (en) | 1993-04-29 | 1994-11-03 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | alpha, omega-polymethacrylate diols, process for their preparation and their use for the production of polymers, in particular polyurethanes and polyesters |
ATE194147T1 (en) | 1994-04-04 | 2000-07-15 | Xerox Corp | AQUEOUS POLYMERIZATION PROCESS |
US5412047A (en) | 1994-05-13 | 1995-05-02 | Xerox Corporation | Homoacrylate polymerization processes with oxonitroxides |
US5708102A (en) | 1995-03-03 | 1998-01-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Living radical polymerization of vinyl monomers |
US5763548A (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1998-06-09 | Carnegie-Mellon University | (Co)polymers and a novel polymerization process based on atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization |
US5807937A (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1998-09-15 | Carnegie Mellon University | Processes based on atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization and novel (co) polymers having useful structures and properties |
-
1998
- 1998-03-26 DE DE19813353A patent/DE19813353A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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1999
- 1999-03-15 DE DE59907590T patent/DE59907590D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-15 ES ES99105281T patent/ES2210877T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US8642711B2 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-02-04 | Kyoto University | Living radical polymerization method |
CN112480295A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-12 | 天元(杭州)新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of carboxyl-terminated telechelic liquid rubber |
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EP0945469A1 (en) | 1999-09-29 |
CA2266252A1 (en) | 1999-09-26 |
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