US20020081300A1 - Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy comprising administration of low levels of antibodies - Google Patents
Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy comprising administration of low levels of antibodies Download PDFInfo
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- US20020081300A1 US20020081300A1 US09/918,343 US91834301A US2002081300A1 US 20020081300 A1 US20020081300 A1 US 20020081300A1 US 91834301 A US91834301 A US 91834301A US 2002081300 A1 US2002081300 A1 US 2002081300A1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
- C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
- C07K16/1027—Paramyxoviridae, e.g. respiratory syncytial virus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/26—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against hormones ; against hormone releasing or inhibiting factors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/40—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
Definitions
- the therapeutic use of antibodies is generally limited to: (a) immunotherapy, where a specific antibody directed against a discreet antigen is used to counter the effect of that antigen, e.g., using an antitoxin administered to neutralize a toxin, or antibody against an infectious agent to interrupt the pathophysiological process induced by that target organism; (b) the administration, often i.v., of high levels of antibody (gamma globulin therapy) to compensate for transient or permanent immune deficiency; and (c) monoclonal antibody therapy to combat cancer, certain autoimmune disorders and metabolic diseases.
- antibody is provided in relatively high concentrations for the purpose of having that antibody combine directly with its target antigen to render that antigen inoperable, non-infectious or neutralized.
- GamimuneTM (Bayer Biological) contains 50 mg protein (immunoglobin) per mL and normal dosing can be up to 1000 mg/kg body weight.
- Gammar-PTM I.V. (Aventis Behring) is administered at dosages up to 400 mg/kg body weight.
- Bayhep BTM Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin
- Imogam Rabies-IITTM (Aventis Pasteur) is 10-18% protein and is administered at a dosage of 0.133 ml/kg (240 mg/kg) body weight.
- Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease state that is caused by a deficiency of insulin (Type I diabetes) or by the body's resistance to diabetes (Type II diabetes).
- Type I diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, glycosuria, water and electrolyte loss, ketoacidosis, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, increased susceptibility to infection, and coma.
- Type I diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas.
- proteins produced by beta cells have been a prime target in the study of diabetes as potential autoantigens that serve as the target for the immune response against the beta cells.
- GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase
- the present invention is directed to the discovery that the symptoms of diabetes may be effectively treated by administration of very low levels of a combination of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies and anti-insulin antibodies.
- anti-GAD anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase
- the antibodies may be administered in one or in multiple dosages but the sum of antibodies administered in any 24 hour period (or daily period) is less than 10 mg each of anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies, with preferred daily dosages being less than 1.0 mg and more preferably less than 0.1 mg.
- the antibody may be monoclonal or polyclonal, it is preferably monoclonal according to one aspect of the invention.
- the antibody maybe administered by a variety of manners but is preferably administered subcutaneously and orally. Suitable methods of oral administration include oral drench and sublingual administration.
- the antibody is administered in an enterically protected form.
- the invention provides methods for treating the symptoms of diabetes comprising the method of administering an effective amount of a combination of an antibody directed against GAD and antibody directed against insulin.
- effective amounts of an antibody is used herein to describe the amount of antibody administered to a subject to result in the reduction or elimination of the pathogenic autoimmune response associated with the onset of diabetes, thereby alleviating symptoms of diabetes.
- Preferred amounts of anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies for use according to the disclosed method are less than 1.0 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 1.0 mg of anti-insulin antibodies, and more preferably less than 0.1 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 0.1 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- a still more preferred daily dosage ranges from 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- An even more preferred daily dosage ranges from 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ' mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- the invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions for administration to subjects for treatment of the symptoms of diabetes comprising a dosage unit of less than 10 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 10 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- a preferred dosage unit is less than 1.0 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 1.0 mg of anti-insulin antibodies, and more preferably less than 0.1 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 0.1 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- a still more preferred dosage unit ranges from 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- An even more preferred dosage unit ranges from 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- the methods and compositions described herein relate to low levels of antibodies specific for the autoantigens of pancreatic beta cells that can reduce or eliminate the pathological consequences caused by the autoimmune response against the pancreatic beta cells.
- the mechanism by which this is accomplished is not completely understood and is the focus of ongoing research. Without intending to be bound by any particular theory of the invention, it is thought that the low levels of the antibodies specific for the autoantigens are able to prevent the pathogenic cascade that results from the destruction of the autoantigens by the immune system, possibly by redirecting the host immune system or by providing a negative feedback to prevent further autoimmune response.
- the use of antibodies against GAD and insulin can be used as a systemic signal to specifically inhibit the body's aberrant, pathogenic response to the autoimmune response against GAD and insulin.
- the disclosed method to alleviate symptoms of diabetes it is further contemplated that practice of the methods disclosed herein will prove useful in the prevention of diabetes.
- Antibodies of the invention can be produced using any method well known and routinely practiced in the art. Such antibodies include monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, single chain antibodies, chimeric antibodies, bifunctional/bispecific antibodies, humanized antibodies, human antibodies, and complementary determining region (CDR)-grafted antibodies, including compounds which include CDR and/or antigen-binding sequences, which specifically recognize a polypeptide of the invention.
- CDR complementary determining region
- a preferred anti-GAD antibody and anti-insulin antibody is available from Chemicon International Inc., Temecula, Calif.
- Symptoms of diabetes which can be treated according to the methods of the invention include elevated blood sugar level, elevated hemoglobin A1c level, neuropathy, retinopathy, ketoacidosis, and glycosuria. With respect to blood sugar levels, normal levels are ⁇ 140 mg/dl, and diabetic levels are considered to be levels >140 mg/dl.
- a spayed 10 year old Rottweiler with insulin-dependent diabetes had required 42 units of insulin twice daily.
- the subject had a blood glucose level of 371 mg/dl even with the administration of insulin on day 1 of therapy with anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies.
- the subject was treated by subcutaneous injection twice daily of one dose of anti-GAD (8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg) and anti-insulin antibodies (4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg).
- the antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I. After about 5 weeks of treatment with decreasing insulin dosage, the subject had a reduced blood glucose level of 165 mg/dl.
- a 13 year old neutered male domestic long hair cat experiencing anorexia, depression and having collapsed was subjected to antibody therapy.
- the subject had a blood glucose level of 473 mg/dl initially.
- the subject was treated by subcutaneous injection twice daily of one dose of anti-GAD (4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg) and anti-insulin antibodies (2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg) in addition to insulin dosage of 1.3 units twice daily.
- the antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I.
- On day 13 the subject had a reduced blood glucose level of 41 mg/dl in the morning and 44 mg/dl in the afternoon, and the insulin dosage was reduced to 0.8 units twice daily.
- On day 18 the subject had a blood glucose level of 81 mg/dl and the insulin dosage was eliminated. After approximately 3 months of antibody treatment and no insulin for about 1 month, the subject had a blood glucose level of 99 mg/dl.
- a 8 year old neutered female domestic shorthair cat had a blood glucose level of 369 mg/dl and had undergone treatment with insulin, 3.0 units bid.
- the subject underwent antibody therapy comprising subcutaneous injection twice daily of one dose of anti-GAD (8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg) and anti-insulin antibodies (4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg).
- the antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I.
- insulin treatment was reduced to 2.5 units bid.
- the blood glucose level was reduced to 125 mg/dl.
- the subject had a blood glucose level of 105 mg/dl. The subject eventually was removed from insulin therapy and kept on low level antibody therapy.
- a 45 year old female diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes was treated with low level antibodies.
- the subject was determined to have a hemoglobin A1C level of 11%, which is typically at a level of 4-6% in non-diabetic individuals.
- the subject experienced neuropathy characterized by numbness and poor circulation as determined by the subject in response to a tuning fork test.
- the subject underwent antibody therapy by sublingual administration, via drops, twice daily of one dose of anti-GAD (8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg) and anti-insulin antibodies (4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg).
- the antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I.
- the subject was tested for hemoglobin A1C levels after 2 weeks of therapy and the levels were reduced to 7%.
- the subject was free from any other therapies during the low level antibody therapy. After one week the subject experienced a disappearance of neuropathy in the subject's lower extremities. The low level antibody treatment was stopped and the subject's previously experienced neuropathy returned after approximately one week.
- a 42 year old female with a 20 year history of diabetes mellitus was treated with low level antibodies.
- the subject was treated with antibody therapy by sublingual administration in the form of 1 drop (or dose), 4 ⁇ per day.
- Each dose contained 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg of anti-GAD and 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- the antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I.
- the subject experienced an abatement of pain from diabetic neuropathy and a reduction in blood sugar levels.
- the subject was discontinued from low level antibody treatment.
- the discontinuation resulted in reoccurrence of diabetic neuropathy and elevated blood sugar levels, which were the symptoms experience by the subject prior to low level antibody treatment. Subsequently, the subject was, again, treated with low level antibody therapy, which resulted in abatement of pain from diabetic neuropathy and a reduction in blood sugar levels similar to the result from the initial therapy with low level antibodies.
- a white male diagnosed with diabetes was treated with low level antibodies.
- the subject was treated with antibody therapy by sublingual administration in the form of 1 drop (or dose), 2 ⁇ per day.
- Each dose contained 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg of anti-GAD and 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- the antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I.
- the subject experienced a reduction in diabetic neuropathy of approximately 60%. This reduction in diabetic neuropathy was determined by having the patient assess the sensations resulting from a tuning fork on the subject's lower extremities just prior to treatment and after the eight weeks of treatment. Additionally, the subject experienced a loss in weight (approximately 12 lbs), increased energy and a reduction in levels of blood sugar of about 40 mg/dl.
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
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- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides methods and compositions for alleviating the symptoms of diabetes with a pharmaceutical composition including a combination of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) and anti-insulin antibodies.
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/774,770 filed on Jan. 31, 2001 and issued ______ as U.S. Pat. No. ______, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/514,993 filed on Feb. 29, 2000 and issued Feb. 13, 2001 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,187,309, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/153,838 filed on Sep. 14, 1999; the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- The therapeutic use of antibodies is generally limited to: (a) immunotherapy, where a specific antibody directed against a discreet antigen is used to counter the effect of that antigen, e.g., using an antitoxin administered to neutralize a toxin, or antibody against an infectious agent to interrupt the pathophysiological process induced by that target organism; (b) the administration, often i.v., of high levels of antibody (gamma globulin therapy) to compensate for transient or permanent immune deficiency; and (c) monoclonal antibody therapy to combat cancer, certain autoimmune disorders and metabolic diseases. In all these cases, antibody is provided in relatively high concentrations for the purpose of having that antibody combine directly with its target antigen to render that antigen inoperable, non-infectious or neutralized. For example, Gamimune™ (Bayer Biological) contains 50 mg protein (immunoglobin) per mL and normal dosing can be up to 1000 mg/kg body weight. Gammar-P™ I.V. (Aventis Behring) is administered at dosages up to 400 mg/kg body weight. Bayhep B™ (Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin) (Bayer Biological) is 15-18% protein [immunoglobulin] is administered at dosages of up to 0.6 ml/kg body weight=0.01 g/kg=100 mg/kg. Further, Imogam Rabies-IIT™ (Aventis Pasteur) is 10-18% protein and is administered at a dosage of 0.133 ml/kg (240 mg/kg) body weight.
- Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease state that is caused by a deficiency of insulin (Type I diabetes) or by the body's resistance to diabetes (Type II diabetes). The disease is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, glycosuria, water and electrolyte loss, ketoacidosis, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, increased susceptibility to infection, and coma. Type I diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas. Thus, proteins produced by beta cells have been a prime target in the study of diabetes as potential autoantigens that serve as the target for the immune response against the beta cells. One autoantigen found to correspond to the onset of Type I diabetes is glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) [Tisch, Roland, et al., Nature, 366:72-75 (1993)]. Another example of a beta cell autoantigen is insulin.
- Much of the research involving the autoimmune response against beta cells or the autoantigens thought to be involved in the autoimmune response has included the administration of autoantigens, immunogenic portions of autoantigens, or molecules that mimic the autoantigens. Tian, Jide, et al.,Nat Med, 2(12): 1348-53 (1996) discusses administration of GAD to alter the diverse immune response that can lead to diabetes. Ramiya, Vijayakumar K., et al., Autoimmunity, 26:139-151 (1997) discussed administration of insulin and GAD in nonobese diabetic mouse to achieve anti-diabetic affects.
- Of interest to the present application is the disclosure of co-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,187,309, which is directed to the administration of anti-rubeola antibodies for the treatment of symptoms of various central nervous system diseases including autism, multiple sclerosis, attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Examples therein demonstrated the efficacy of treating the symptoms of those disease states with dosages of from 0.1 mg to 1 mg of anti-rubeola antibody per dose.
- While the administration of larger quantities of immunoglobulins is effective in the treatment of many disease states, there remains a desire in the art for methods for the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
- The present invention is directed to the discovery that the symptoms of diabetes may be effectively treated by administration of very low levels of a combination of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies and anti-insulin antibodies. Specifically, the antibodies may be administered in one or in multiple dosages but the sum of antibodies administered in any 24 hour period (or daily period) is less than 10 mg each of anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies, with preferred daily dosages being less than 1.0 mg and more preferably less than 0.1 mg.
- While the antibody may be monoclonal or polyclonal, it is preferably monoclonal according to one aspect of the invention. The antibody maybe administered by a variety of manners but is preferably administered subcutaneously and orally. Suitable methods of oral administration include oral drench and sublingual administration. According to another aspect of the invention the antibody is administered in an enterically protected form.
- The invention provides methods for treating the symptoms of diabetes comprising the method of administering an effective amount of a combination of an antibody directed against GAD and antibody directed against insulin. The term “effective amounts of an antibody” is used herein to describe the amount of antibody administered to a subject to result in the reduction or elimination of the pathogenic autoimmune response associated with the onset of diabetes, thereby alleviating symptoms of diabetes. Preferred amounts of anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies for use according to the disclosed method are less than 1.0 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 1.0 mg of anti-insulin antibodies, and more preferably less than 0.1 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 0.1 mg of anti-insulin antibodies. A still more preferred daily dosage ranges from 1×10−6 to 1×10−2 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1×10−6 to 1×10−2 mg of anti-insulin antibodies. An even more preferred daily dosage ranges from 1×10−5 to 1×10−3 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1×10−5 to 1×10−'mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions for administration to subjects for treatment of the symptoms of diabetes comprising a dosage unit of less than 10 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 10 mg of anti-insulin antibodies. A preferred dosage unit is less than 1.0 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 1.0 mg of anti-insulin antibodies, and more preferably less than 0.1 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 0.1 mg of anti-insulin antibodies. A still more preferred dosage unit ranges from 1×10−6 to 1×10−2 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1×10−6 to 1×10−2 mg of anti-insulin antibodies. An even more preferred dosage unit ranges from 1×10−5 to 1×10−3 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1×10−5 to 1×10−3 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
- The methods and compositions described herein relate to low levels of antibodies specific for the autoantigens of pancreatic beta cells that can reduce or eliminate the pathological consequences caused by the autoimmune response against the pancreatic beta cells. The mechanism by which this is accomplished is not completely understood and is the focus of ongoing research. Without intending to be bound by any particular theory of the invention, it is thought that the low levels of the antibodies specific for the autoantigens are able to prevent the pathogenic cascade that results from the destruction of the autoantigens by the immune system, possibly by redirecting the host immune system or by providing a negative feedback to prevent further autoimmune response. Particularly, the use of antibodies against GAD and insulin can be used as a systemic signal to specifically inhibit the body's aberrant, pathogenic response to the autoimmune response against GAD and insulin. In addition to the use of the disclosed method to alleviate symptoms of diabetes, it is further contemplated that practice of the methods disclosed herein will prove useful in the prevention of diabetes.
- Antibodies of the invention can be produced using any method well known and routinely practiced in the art. Such antibodies include monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, single chain antibodies, chimeric antibodies, bifunctional/bispecific antibodies, humanized antibodies, human antibodies, and complementary determining region (CDR)-grafted antibodies, including compounds which include CDR and/or antigen-binding sequences, which specifically recognize a polypeptide of the invention. A preferred anti-GAD antibody and anti-insulin antibody is available from Chemicon International Inc., Temecula, Calif.
- Symptoms of diabetes which can be treated according to the methods of the invention include elevated blood sugar level, elevated hemoglobin A1c level, neuropathy, retinopathy, ketoacidosis, and glycosuria. With respect to blood sugar levels, normal levels are <140 mg/dl, and diabetic levels are considered to be levels >140 mg/dl.
- The following examples are illustrative and are not intended to limit either the scope or spirit of the invention.
- According to this example, low dosages of a combination of anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies were administered to a 3-4 year old female cat with a blood glucose level of 352 mg/dl. The cat experienced the traditional symptoms of diabetes, which included weight loss and dehydration among others. Specifically, the subject was treated by subcutaneous injection twice daily of one dose of anti-GAD (8×10−4 mg) and anti-insulin antibodies (4×10−4 mg). Antibodies used were sheep polyclonal antibodies and both the anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies were obtained from Chemicon International Inc., Temecula, Calif. In about 5 days the subject had a reduced blood glucose level of 110 mg/dl. This treatment was stopped at day 10 with the subject having a blood glucose level of 82 mg/dl. Subsequent testing of the subject showed that after about 3 weeks after treatment was stopped, the subject was alleviated of diabetic symptoms without subjection to additional therapy.
- According to this example, a spayed 10 year old Rottweiler with insulin-dependent diabetes had required 42 units of insulin twice daily. The subject had a blood glucose level of 371 mg/dl even with the administration of insulin on day 1 of therapy with anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies. The subject was treated by subcutaneous injection twice daily of one dose of anti-GAD (8×10−4 mg) and anti-insulin antibodies (4×10−4 mg). The antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I. After about 5 weeks of treatment with decreasing insulin dosage, the subject had a reduced blood glucose level of 165 mg/dl.
- According to this example, a 13 year old neutered male domestic long hair cat experiencing anorexia, depression and having collapsed was subjected to antibody therapy. The subject had a blood glucose level of 473 mg/dl initially. The subject was treated by subcutaneous injection twice daily of one dose of anti-GAD (4×10−4 mg) and anti-insulin antibodies (2×10−4 mg) in addition to insulin dosage of 1.3 units twice daily. The antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I. On day 13 the subject had a reduced blood glucose level of 41 mg/dl in the morning and 44 mg/dl in the afternoon, and the insulin dosage was reduced to 0.8 units twice daily. On day 18 the subject had a blood glucose level of 81 mg/dl and the insulin dosage was eliminated. After approximately 3 months of antibody treatment and no insulin for about 1 month, the subject had a blood glucose level of 99 mg/dl.
- According to this example, a 8 year old neutered female domestic shorthair cat had a blood glucose level of 369 mg/dl and had undergone treatment with insulin, 3.0 units bid. With a blood glucose level of 439 mg/dl, the subject underwent antibody therapy comprising subcutaneous injection twice daily of one dose of anti-GAD (8×10−4 mg) and anti-insulin antibodies (4×10−4 mg). The antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I. After about 3.5 weeks of therapy, insulin treatment was reduced to 2.5 units bid. After 5 weeks the blood glucose level was reduced to 125 mg/dl. After about 4 months, the subject had a blood glucose level of 105 mg/dl. The subject eventually was removed from insulin therapy and kept on low level antibody therapy.
- According to this example, a 45 year old female diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes was treated with low level antibodies. The subject was determined to have a hemoglobin A1C level of 11%, which is typically at a level of 4-6% in non-diabetic individuals. The subject experienced neuropathy characterized by numbness and poor circulation as determined by the subject in response to a tuning fork test. The subject underwent antibody therapy by sublingual administration, via drops, twice daily of one dose of anti-GAD (8×10−4 mg) and anti-insulin antibodies (4×10−4 mg). The antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I. The subject was tested for hemoglobin A1C levels after 2 weeks of therapy and the levels were reduced to 7%. The subject was free from any other therapies during the low level antibody therapy. After one week the subject experienced a disappearance of neuropathy in the subject's lower extremities. The low level antibody treatment was stopped and the subject's previously experienced neuropathy returned after approximately one week.
- According to this example, a 42 year old female with a 20 year history of diabetes mellitus was treated with low level antibodies. The subject was treated with antibody therapy by sublingual administration in the form of 1 drop (or dose), 4×per day. Each dose contained 8×10−4 mg of anti-GAD and 4×10−4 mg of anti-insulin antibodies. The antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I. After approximately one week, the subject experienced an abatement of pain from diabetic neuropathy and a reduction in blood sugar levels. Following a one week period in which the subject experience no pain, the subject was discontinued from low level antibody treatment. The discontinuation resulted in reoccurrence of diabetic neuropathy and elevated blood sugar levels, which were the symptoms experience by the subject prior to low level antibody treatment. Subsequently, the subject was, again, treated with low level antibody therapy, which resulted in abatement of pain from diabetic neuropathy and a reduction in blood sugar levels similar to the result from the initial therapy with low level antibodies.
- According to this example, a white male diagnosed with diabetes was treated with low level antibodies. The subject was treated with antibody therapy by sublingual administration in the form of 1 drop (or dose), 2×per day. Each dose contained 8×10−4 mg of anti-GAD and 4×10−4 mg of anti-insulin antibodies. The antibodies used in this example are the same as that used above in Example I. After approximately eight weeks the subject experienced a reduction in diabetic neuropathy of approximately 60%. This reduction in diabetic neuropathy was determined by having the patient assess the sensations resulting from a tuning fork on the subject's lower extremities just prior to treatment and after the eight weeks of treatment. Additionally, the subject experienced a loss in weight (approximately 12 lbs), increased energy and a reduction in levels of blood sugar of about 40 mg/dl.
- Numerous modifications and variations in the practice of the invention are expected to occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the presently preferred embodiments thereof, consequently, the only limitations which should be placed upon the scope of the invention are those which appear in the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. A method of alleviating symptoms of diabetes, comprising the step of administering the combination of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibody and anti-insulin antibody in amounts effective to alleviate symptoms of diabetes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the symptoms are selected from the group consisting of elevated blood sugar level, elevated hemoglobin A1c level, neuropathy, retinopathy, ketoacidosis, and glycosuria.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein both anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies are monoclonal antibodies.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the administration step is oral.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the administration step is sublingual.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein both anti-GAD and anti-insulin antibodies are administered in an enterically protected form.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the administration step is by injection.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the administration step is by subcutaneous injection.
9. The method of claim 1 comprising less than 1.0 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 1.0 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
10. The method of claim 9 comprising less than 0.1 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 0.1 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
11. The method of claim 9 comprising from 1×10−6 to 1×10−2 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1×10−6 to 1×10−2 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
12. The method of claim 9 comprising from 1×10−5 to 1×10−3 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1×10−5 to 1×10−3 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
13. A pharmaceutical composition for administration to a subject for alleviating symptoms of diabetes comprising less than 1.0 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 1.0 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
14. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 comprising less than 0.1 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and less than 0.1 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
15. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 comprising from 1×10−6 to 1×10−2 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1×10−6 to 1×10−2 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
16. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 comprising from 1×10−5 to 1×10−3 mg of anti-GAD antibodies and 1×10−5 to 1×10−3 mg of anti-insulin antibodies.
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/918,343 US6436401B1 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2001-07-30 | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
PCT/US2001/048626 WO2002060478A1 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2001-12-13 | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
JP2002560669A JP4136659B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2001-12-13 | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy of diabetes including treatment with small amounts of antibodies |
CA2436402A CA2436402C (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2001-12-13 | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
IL15716401A IL157164A0 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2001-12-13 | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
US10/223,498 US6713058B2 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2002-08-19 | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with neuropathic conditions comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
US10/813,661 US20040265312A1 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2004-03-30 | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with neuropathic conditions comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
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US15383899P | 1999-09-14 | 1999-09-14 | |
US09/514,993 US6187309B1 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2000-02-29 | Method for treatment of symptoms of central nervous system disorders |
US09/774,770 US6294171B2 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2001-01-31 | Methods for treating disease states comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
US09/918,343 US6436401B1 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2001-07-30 | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
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US09/774,770 Continuation-In-Part US6294171B2 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2001-01-31 | Methods for treating disease states comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
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US10/223,498 Continuation-In-Part US6713058B2 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2002-08-19 | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with neuropathic conditions comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
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US09/918,343 Expired - Lifetime US6436401B1 (en) | 1999-09-14 | 2001-07-30 | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
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US (1) | US6436401B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4136659B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2436402C (en) |
IL (1) | IL157164A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002060478A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070202552A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-08-30 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding Polypeptides and Uses Thereof |
US20070237764A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-10-11 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides with restricted diversity sequences |
US20090023602A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2009-01-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides with restricted diversity sequences |
EP2284192A3 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2011-07-20 | Ablynx N.V. | Camelidae antibodies for sublingual administration |
US8679490B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2014-03-25 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides with diversified and consensus VH/VL hypervariable sequences |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6713058B2 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2004-03-30 | Milkhaus Laboratory, Inc. | Methods for alleviating symptoms associated with neuropathic conditions comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
IL199534A (en) | 2007-01-05 | 2013-01-31 | Univ Zuerich | Isolated human antibody which is capable of selectively recognizing a neoepitope of a disorder-associated protein, a polynucleotide encoding the antibody, a vector comprising the polynucleotide, a host cell comprising the polynucleotide or the vector, a composition comprising the antibody and methods and uses associated therewith |
CN101622275B (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2013-11-06 | 苏黎世大学 | Method of providing disease-specific binding molecules and targets |
DK2268669T3 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2017-11-20 | Immuron Ltd | Bovine colostrum containing antibodies to insulin for the treatment of metabolic disorders |
BRPI0923157B1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2021-12-28 | University Of Zürich | ANTI-ALPHA-SINUCLEIN ANTIBODIES AND THEIR FRAGMENTS, THEIR USES AND METHOD OF PREPARATION, COMPOSITION INCLUDING THEM, AS WELL AS KIT AND METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND MONITORING OF A SINUCLEINOPATHIC DISEASE |
PT2723379T (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2018-11-14 | Univ Of Zuerich | Anti-alpha synuclein binding molecules |
MA41115A (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2017-10-10 | Biogen Int Neuroscience Gmbh | ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE TREATMENT PROCESS |
MX2020001855A (en) | 2017-08-22 | 2020-08-13 | Biogen Ma Inc | Pharmaceutical compositions containing anti-beta amyloid antibodies. |
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JPS56113713A (en) | 1980-02-14 | 1981-09-07 | Chemo Sero Therapeut Res Inst | Preparation of immunoglobulin with high content of monomer |
JPS59157017A (en) | 1983-02-25 | 1984-09-06 | Green Cross Corp:The | Gamma-globulin preparation for intravenous injection |
US6001360A (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1999-12-14 | University Of Florida | Method and compositions for early detection and treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
US5645998A (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1997-07-08 | University Of Florida Research Foundation | Methods and compositions for the early detection and treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
US5762937A (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1998-06-09 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Methods and compositions for the early detection and treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
US5674978A (en) | 1990-09-21 | 1997-10-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Peptides derived from glutamic acid decarboxylase |
CA2103159A1 (en) | 1991-05-15 | 1992-11-16 | Ake Lernmark | Cloning and expression of human islet glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantigen |
CA2232834A1 (en) | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-27 | University Of Utah | Targeting of conjugates of poly(ethylene glycol) and antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase to islet cells |
US6187309B1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-02-13 | Milkaus Laboratory, Inc. | Method for treatment of symptoms of central nervous system disorders |
US6294171B2 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-09-25 | Milkhaus Laboratory, Inc. | Methods for treating disease states comprising administration of low levels of antibodies |
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2001
- 2001-07-30 US US09/918,343 patent/US6436401B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-13 WO PCT/US2001/048626 patent/WO2002060478A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-12-13 CA CA2436402A patent/CA2436402C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-13 IL IL15716401A patent/IL157164A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2284192A3 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2011-07-20 | Ablynx N.V. | Camelidae antibodies for sublingual administration |
US20090023602A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2009-01-22 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides with restricted diversity sequences |
US8679490B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2014-03-25 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides with diversified and consensus VH/VL hypervariable sequences |
US20070202552A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-08-30 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding Polypeptides and Uses Thereof |
US20070237764A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-10-11 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides with restricted diversity sequences |
US8957187B2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2015-02-17 | Genentech, Inc. | Binding polypeptides and uses thereof |
Also Published As
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IL157164A0 (en) | 2004-02-08 |
CA2436402C (en) | 2011-04-05 |
WO2002060478A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
JP4136659B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
US6436401B1 (en) | 2002-08-20 |
CA2436402A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
JP2004520385A (en) | 2004-07-08 |
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