US20020037424A1 - Sliding bearing material - Google Patents

Sliding bearing material Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020037424A1
US20020037424A1 US09/530,517 US53051700A US2002037424A1 US 20020037424 A1 US20020037424 A1 US 20020037424A1 US 53051700 A US53051700 A US 53051700A US 2002037424 A1 US2002037424 A1 US 2002037424A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
copper
nickel
mass
sliding bearing
sliding
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US09/530,517
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US6379819B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Steffens
Werner Schubert
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/20—Alloys based on aluminium
    • F16C2204/22—Alloys based on aluminium with tin as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/22—Internal combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S384/00—Bearings
    • Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
    • Y10S384/912—Metallic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12757—Fe

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a composite sliding bearing material with a hard metal support layer and a metal sliding layer roll-bonded onto the support layer and made from an aluminum alloy with 10 to 25 mass % tin and with copper and nickel additives which is in direct contact with the sliding partner.
  • the sliding layer has no additional, e.g. galvanically applied, sliding layer.
  • a sliding bearing material of this kind is disclosed e.g. in DE 40 04 703 A1.
  • the single embodiment describes an aluminum alloy with a composition of AlSn10Ni2Mn1Cu0.5, wherein lead can also be added instead of tin.
  • Aluminum alloys of this kind which are used as sliding bearing material require a “soft phase” in the form of a tin or lead precipitate to guarantee good emergency running properties for a bearing produced from this sliding bearing material. Hard contaminating particles or abrasions are accepted by or embedded in this soft phase.
  • the soft phase can also adjust to geometrical conditions.
  • the soft phase of tin, which does not dissolve in aluminum, is received in the matrix-forming aluminum in the form of block-like precipitates.
  • Copper can be added to increase the stability of the aluminum matrix. Copper and aluminum form inter-metallic phases, so-called hard substance phases such as Al 2 Cu and finely distributed precursors thereof which increase the rigidity of the aluminum matrix when present as finely distributed precipitates ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ m). This increases the stability under load and fatigue resistance of a sliding bearing material produced from the alloy.
  • An aluminum alloy AlSn15Cu2 of this kind has been disclosed under the trade name KS 985.3 by the assignee. This alloy has excellent tribological properties but is inadequate under extreme loads such as e.g. occur in connecting rod bearings in modern internal combustion engines.
  • a certain proportion of hard substance phases or precipitates is believed to have a positive effect on the wear resistance in that the hard substance phases on the surface effect fine abrasion of the sliding partner, e.g. of the crank shaft, to abrade roughness peaks in the steel sliding partner.
  • the hard substance phases also increase the stability of the bearing material under load.
  • DE 37 27 591 A1 discloses a multiple layer sliding bearing substance comprising an intermediate layer of AlSn6CuNi between a steel supporting base and a galvanically disposed sliding layer having a thickness between 5 and 50 ⁇ m.
  • a sliding bearing composite material of the above mentioned kind characterized in that the aluminum alloy of the sliding layer comprises tin, copper, nickel, the balance being aluminum, wherein copper and nickel each have a portion of 0.2 to 2 mass % and the ratio of the mass % proportion of copper to the mass % of nickel is between 0.6 and 1.5.
  • the aluminum alloy in accordance with the invention is a technical alloy and can contain impurities of up to a maximum of 0.2 mass % per element. A total amount of impurity additives of up to 1 mass % is possible within the purview of the invention.
  • the invention proposes the addition of copper and nickel to the aluminum alloy in such quantities as to induce formation of inter-metallic phases containing nickel and copper, e.g. the inter-metallic phase Al 3 (Ni,Cu) . Therefore, copper and nickel are preferably added in approximately equal proportions. The above mentioned ratio between the copper and nickel proportions is therefore preferably between 0.8 and 1.2.
  • nickel forms a stationary inter-metallic phase of high ten side strength as annealed, in contrast to inter-metallic aluminide phases, such as Al 2 Cu, containing exclusively copper, which act in a certain sense as a copper sink.
  • inter-metallic aluminide phases such as Al 2 Cu
  • Ostwald curing Such coarsening is undesirable, since the coarse precipitates constitute potential fatigue or crack forming locations within the alloy which impair the plasticity and reduce the stability under load.
  • Particularly Al 2 Cu precipitates tend to coarsen due to the relatively high solubility of the copper in the mixed aluminum crystal.
  • the inventive alloy AlSn12Cu1Ni achieves high matrix hardness and very good plasticity.
  • the alloy material has good rolling properties even with large pass reductions of more than 50% due to the interaction between the copper and nickel.
  • High matrix contents of copper produce high matrix hardness (mixed crystal hardening).
  • Heat treatment per se tends to form coarse or coarsening hard phases, e.g. Al 2 Cu which have negative effects on the plasticity and fatigue resistance.
  • nickel copper aluminide is preferably formed which has only little tendency to coarsening.
  • the nickel copper aluminides are present in a finely distributed form even after heat treatment up to 250 degrees in contrast to pure copper aluminides due to the extremely low solubility of nickel in the mixed aluminum crystal.
  • the essential effect of the claimed nickel content in dependence on the copper content is to bind copper in the form of nickel copper aluminide to thereby suppress or reduce formation of Al 2 Cu precipitates.
  • These Al 2 Cu precipitates have particularly negative effects on the plasticity since, in contrast to the thermally stable nickel copper aluminides, they coarsen during heat treatment and thereby present a potential source for cracks. A portion of the copper is present in the matrix in the desired, finely distributed form.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a sliding bearing composite material with a hard metal support layer and a metallic sliding coating which is roll-bonded onto said support layer. The inventive sliding bearing composite is made of an aluminum alloy with tin comprising 10 to 20 percent by mass and with additions of copper and nickel. The sliding layer is in direct contact with the sliding mate. The sliding bearing composite material is thus improved with respect to the loading capacity and plasticity in that the aluminum alloy is comprised of tin, copper, nickel and remaining aluminum, the copper and nickel each have a percentage by mass of 0.2 to 2, and the ratio of percentage by mass of copper to the percentage by mass of nickel is between 0.6 and 1.5.

Description

    DESCRIPTION
  • The invention concerns a composite sliding bearing material with a hard metal support layer and a metal sliding layer roll-bonded onto the support layer and made from an aluminum alloy with 10 to 25 mass % tin and with copper and nickel additives which is in direct contact with the sliding partner. The sliding layer has no additional, e.g. galvanically applied, sliding layer. [0001]
  • A sliding bearing material of this kind is disclosed e.g. in DE 40 04 703 A1. The single embodiment describes an aluminum alloy with a composition of AlSn10Ni2Mn1Cu0.5, wherein lead can also be added instead of tin. Aluminum alloys of this kind which are used as sliding bearing material require a “soft phase” in the form of a tin or lead precipitate to guarantee good emergency running properties for a bearing produced from this sliding bearing material. Hard contaminating particles or abrasions are accepted by or embedded in this soft phase. The soft phase can also adjust to geometrical conditions. The soft phase of tin, which does not dissolve in aluminum, is received in the matrix-forming aluminum in the form of block-like precipitates. [0002]
  • Copper can be added to increase the stability of the aluminum matrix. Copper and aluminum form inter-metallic phases, so-called hard substance phases such as Al[0003] 2Cu and finely distributed precursors thereof which increase the rigidity of the aluminum matrix when present as finely distributed precipitates (≦1 μm). This increases the stability under load and fatigue resistance of a sliding bearing material produced from the alloy. An aluminum alloy AlSn15Cu2 of this kind has been disclosed under the trade name KS 985.3 by the assignee. This alloy has excellent tribological properties but is inadequate under extreme loads such as e.g. occur in connecting rod bearings in modern internal combustion engines.
  • Improvements have been attempted in the aluminum alloy disclosed in DE 40 04 703 A1 by adding manganese and nickel to increase the proportion of hard substance phases, in particular, according to this document, in the region of the tin precipitates to improve bonding of the tin precipitates in the aluminum matrix due to the affinity of tin for nickel and manganese. [0004]
  • A certain proportion of hard substance phases or precipitates is believed to have a positive effect on the wear resistance in that the hard substance phases on the surface effect fine abrasion of the sliding partner, e.g. of the crank shaft, to abrade roughness peaks in the steel sliding partner. The hard substance phases also increase the stability of the bearing material under load. [0005]
  • Increasing the proportion of inter-metallic hard substance phases also causes problems with respect to fatigue resistance and manufacture. Shaping, in particular during cold-plating of the aluminum alloy on steel requiring a pass having approximately 50% shaping, thereby produces cracks. [0006]
  • DE 37 27 591 A1 discloses a multiple layer sliding bearing substance comprising an intermediate layer of AlSn6CuNi between a steel supporting base and a galvanically disposed sliding layer having a thickness between 5 and 50 μm. [0007]
  • It is the underlying purpose of the present invention to improve an alloy of the above mentioned kind such that its stability under load is better than that of conventional aluminum-tin-copper or aluminum-tin-copper-nickel-alloys and which has improved plasticity, in particular, plateability.[0008]
  • This object is achieved by a sliding bearing composite material of the above mentioned kind, characterized in that the aluminum alloy of the sliding layer comprises tin, copper, nickel, the balance being aluminum, wherein copper and nickel each have a portion of 0.2 to 2 mass % and the ratio of the mass % proportion of copper to the mass % of nickel is between 0.6 and 1.5. [0009]
  • Clearly, the aluminum alloy in accordance with the invention is a technical alloy and can contain impurities of up to a maximum of 0.2 mass % per element. A total amount of impurity additives of up to 1 mass % is possible within the purview of the invention. [0010]
  • The invention proposes the addition of copper and nickel to the aluminum alloy in such quantities as to induce formation of inter-metallic phases containing nickel and copper, e.g. the inter-metallic phase Al[0011] 3(Ni,Cu) . Therefore, copper and nickel are preferably added in approximately equal proportions. The above mentioned ratio between the copper and nickel proportions is therefore preferably between 0.8 and 1.2.
  • It has turned out that nickel forms a stationary inter-metallic phase of high ten side strength as annealed, in contrast to inter-metallic aluminide phases, such as Al[0012] 2Cu, containing exclusively copper, which act in a certain sense as a copper sink. This prevents the copper from migrating within the matrix during heat treatment and causes coarsening of the precipitate phases (referred to as Ostwald curing). Such coarsening is undesirable, since the coarse precipitates constitute potential fatigue or crack forming locations within the alloy which impair the plasticity and reduce the stability under load. Particularly Al2Cu precipitates tend to coarsen due to the relatively high solubility of the copper in the mixed aluminum crystal.
  • The inventive alloy AlSn12Cu1Ni achieves high matrix hardness and very good plasticity. The alloy material has good rolling properties even with large pass reductions of more than 50% due to the interaction between the copper and nickel. High matrix contents of copper produce high matrix hardness (mixed crystal hardening). Heat treatment per se tends to form coarse or coarsening hard phases, e.g. Al[0013] 2Cu which have negative effects on the plasticity and fatigue resistance. By adding nickel, formation of coarse aluminum copper phases is prevented or at least considerably reduced since nickel copper aluminide is preferably formed which has only little tendency to coarsening. The nickel copper aluminides are present in a finely distributed form even after heat treatment up to 250 degrees in contrast to pure copper aluminides due to the extremely low solubility of nickel in the mixed aluminum crystal.
  • The essential effect of the claimed nickel content in dependence on the copper content is to bind copper in the form of nickel copper aluminide to thereby suppress or reduce formation of Al[0014] 2Cu precipitates. These Al2Cu precipitates have particularly negative effects on the plasticity since, in contrast to the thermally stable nickel copper aluminides, they coarsen during heat treatment and thereby present a potential source for cracks. A portion of the copper is present in the matrix in the desired, finely distributed form.

Claims (7)

1. Sliding bearing composite material comprising a hard metal support layer and a metal sliding layer, roll-bonded onto the support layer and made from an aluminum alloy comprising 10 to 25 mass % tin with copper and nickel additives which is in direct contact with the sliding partner, characterized in that the aluminum alloy consists essentially of tin, copper, nickel, the balance being aluminum, and that copper and nickel each comprise a portion of 0.2 to 2 mass %, wherein the ratio of the mass % portion of copper to the mass % portion of nickel is between 0.6 and 1.5.
2. Sliding bearing composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the mass % portion of copper to the mass % portion of nickel is between 0.8 and 1.2.
3. Sliding bearing composite material according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized by hard substance precipitates forming the inter-metallic phase Al3(Ni,Cu).
4. Sliding bearing composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective proportion of copper and nickel is 0.7-1.3 mass %.
5. Sliding bearing composite material according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of tin is between 10 and 20 mass %, in particular between 10 and 15 mass %.
6. Sliding bearing composite material according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding layer has a thickness of at least 0.2 mm.
7. Sliding bearing composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that the sliding layer has a thickness of between 0.2 mm and 0.6 mm and the support layer has a thickness of between 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm.
US09/530,517 1997-11-12 1998-11-09 Sliding bearing material Expired - Fee Related US6379819B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19750080A DE19750080A1 (en) 1997-11-12 1997-11-12 Plain bearing material
DE19750080 1997-11-12
PCT/EP1998/007123 WO1999024629A1 (en) 1997-11-12 1998-11-09 Sliding bearing material

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US20020037424A1 true US20020037424A1 (en) 2002-03-28
US6379819B1 US6379819B1 (en) 2002-04-30

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US (1) US6379819B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1029096B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE215131T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9814640A (en)
DE (2) DE19750080A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1999024629A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070031696A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2007-02-08 Gerhard Caspers Plain bearing composite material comprising a sputtered bearing coating
CN102937143A (en) * 2011-08-15 2013-02-20 上海核威实业有限公司 Sliding bearing sleeve sintered from copper-aluminum alloy powder and preparation method thereof

Families Citing this family (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19952111C2 (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-11-15 Audi Ag Distribution box
DE10056579C1 (en) * 2000-11-15 2002-05-08 Ks Gleitlager Gmbh Crankshaft bearing shell of a combustion engine used in a vehicle consists of a steel/aluminum composite material having a steel support layer and a plated aluminum alloy guiding layer
JP2004514097A (en) * 2000-11-15 2004-05-13 フェデラル−モーグル　コーポレイション Unplated aluminum-based bearing alloy with an intermediate layer with improved performance
US6833339B2 (en) * 2000-11-15 2004-12-21 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Non-plated aluminum based bearing alloy with performance-enhanced interlayer
DE102005059544A1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Ecka Granulate Gmbh & Co. Kg Sn-containing heavy-duty material composition; Process for producing a heavy-duty coating and its use
CN105316532B (en) * 2014-08-04 2017-07-21 上海核威实业有限公司 Aluminium alloy bimetallic material manufacture method for sandwich construction sliding bearing

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US2616771A (en) * 1947-12-09 1952-11-04 Ingersoll Rand Co Bearing
US3093885A (en) * 1959-12-28 1963-06-18 Clevite Corp Method for making a bimetallic strip for bearings
GB1073428A (en) * 1965-04-30 1967-06-28 Clevite Corp Method of making bimetallic bearing material
JPS56102543A (en) * 1980-10-06 1981-08-17 Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd Bearing material
DE3727591A1 (en) * 1987-08-19 1989-03-02 Glyco Metall Werke Method for manufacturing a multilayer sliding element, and a multilayer sliding element thus manufactured
DE3938234A1 (en) 1988-11-19 1990-05-31 Glyco Metall Werke METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A LAYERING MATERIAL FOR SLIDING ELEMENTS
DE4004703C2 (en) 1989-03-01 1994-01-27 Glyco Metall Werke Layer material for plain bearing elements with an anti-friction layer made of an aluminum-based bearing material
IT1238055B (en) * 1989-03-01 1993-06-26 LAYERED MATERIAL FOR SLIDING BEARING ELEMENTS WITH ANTI-FRICTION LAYER FOR ALUMINUM-BASED BEARINGS.
WO1991007518A2 (en) * 1989-11-17 1991-05-30 Glyco-Metall-Werke Daelen & Loos Gmbh Process and device for producing a laminated material for sliding elements
JPH0672278B2 (en) * 1990-08-31 1994-09-14 大同メタル工業株式会社 Aluminum-based bearing alloy with excellent fatigue resistance and seizure resistance
JP2705781B2 (en) * 1991-02-08 1998-01-28 大同メタル工業 株式会社 Bearing metal for large engines
JPH0819946B2 (en) 1992-04-28 1996-03-04 大同メタル工業株式会社 Multi-layer aluminum base alloy bearing with excellent compatibility and fatigue resistance

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070031696A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2007-02-08 Gerhard Caspers Plain bearing composite material comprising a sputtered bearing coating
CN102937143A (en) * 2011-08-15 2013-02-20 上海核威实业有限公司 Sliding bearing sleeve sintered from copper-aluminum alloy powder and preparation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1029096B1 (en) 2002-03-27
EP1029096A1 (en) 2000-08-23
DE19750080A1 (en) 1999-06-02
DE59803559D1 (en) 2002-05-02
ATE215131T1 (en) 2002-04-15
US6379819B1 (en) 2002-04-30
BR9814640A (en) 2000-10-03
WO1999024629A1 (en) 1999-05-20

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