US20020029597A1 - Method for enhancing fatigue strength of gear using shotpeening - Google Patents

Method for enhancing fatigue strength of gear using shotpeening Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020029597A1
US20020029597A1 US09/845,173 US84517301A US2002029597A1 US 20020029597 A1 US20020029597 A1 US 20020029597A1 US 84517301 A US84517301 A US 84517301A US 2002029597 A1 US2002029597 A1 US 2002029597A1
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Prior art keywords
gear
tooth
peening
shot
shot balls
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Abandoned
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US09/845,173
Inventor
Byung-Gil Choe
Tae-sung Jeong
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Kia Corp
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Kia Motors Corp
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Assigned to KIA MOTORS CORPORATION reassignment KIA MOTORS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHOE, BYUNG-GIL, JEONG, TAE-SUNG
Publication of US20020029597A1 publication Critical patent/US20020029597A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear by using shot peening to produce compressive residual stress on a gear surface.
  • the shot peening is a method for enhancing strength of manufactures by projecting a plurality of shot balls at a high speed onto surfaces of the manufactures to leave compressive residual stress on the surfaces.
  • An impeller or an air nozzle is used for projecting the shot balls, between which the air nozzle grows to be more and more used in the shot ball-projecting technology.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a shot peening method using an air nozzle to project shot balls.
  • a high-pressure air supply pipe 3 and a shot ball supply pipe 4 are connected to the air nozzle 2 , and the air nozzle 2 faces a gear 1 .
  • Shot balls are supplied to the air nozzle 2 via the shot ball supply pipe 4 and are projected at a high speed onto a surface of the gear 1 by means of kinetic energy of high-pressure air injected through the air nozzle 2 .
  • the shot balls is projected from the air nozzle 2 toward a center of the gear 1 .
  • the shot balls are projected in a direction orthogonal to a tangent line of a gear circle such as a root circle or a pitch circle. Consequently, the compressive residual stress produced on a side surface of the gear tooth sloping to the direction of projection is weaker than that produced on a tooth face or a tooth flank.
  • the protrusions must be removed using a semi-topping or a grinding process followed by the shot peening process during manufacture of the gear. This means that additional equipments and workers are required for removing the protrusion, which causes increase of production cost and lowering in productivity.
  • the present invention has been made to overcome the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear using shot peening, in which magnitude of compressive residual stress produced on a side surface of a gear tooth is larger at least than that produced on a tooth face so that formation of protrusions at outer edges of the gear tooth can be prevented and process time required for the shot peening can be shortened.
  • a plurality of shot balls are projected onto a gear surface in a direction parallel to a straight line connecting a contact point of a root circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth to be subjected to the peening to a contact point of a tooth face circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth adjacent to the gear tooth to be subjected to the peening by use of high-pressure air.
  • the direction of projection of the shot balls forms an angle of 0°to 15°relative to the straight line connecting the contact point of the root circle and the involute curve of the gear tooth to be subjected to peening to the contact point of the tooth face circle and the involute curve of the gear tooth adjacent to the gear tooth to be subjected to the peening.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a conventional method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear using air nozzle-shot peening
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing a direction of projection of shot balls in the conventional method
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are views for explaining processes of setting the direction of projection of the shot balls in a method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear using shot peening according to the present invention, respectively.
  • the present inventors have conducted a series of experiments for finding out relationship between an angle at which shot balls are projected onto a working surface during the shot peening and compressive residual stress produced on the working surface.
  • the experiments are performed in such a manner that the shot balls (round cut wire type, 0.6 mm in diameter, HRC 58 ⁇ 62) are projected onto a flat carburizing steel plate (texture composition: martensite 80 %, austenite 20 %) at different angles of projection and then magnitude and depth of the compressive residual stress produced on a surface of the steel plate are measured for each angle. Results of the experiments are shown in the following Table. Angle of projection of shot balls 90° 80° 70° 60° 50° Maximum compressive 135 130 111 105 101 residual stress (kg/mm 2 ) Depth of compressive 120 95 88 78 75 residual stress produced ( ⁇ m)
  • the shot balls are projected during the shot peening process in a direction making an angle ⁇ at which the shot balls are projected onto a side surface of a gear tooth, that is, a portion to be subjected to large force when the gear is in operation be larger than an angle a at which the shot balls are projected onto a tooth face or a tooth flank, that is, a portion to be subjected to relatively small force as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a deddendum point B 2 it is required to increase fatigue strength of a portion of the side surface of the gear tooth to which the largest force is applied when the gear is in operation, that is, a deddendum point B 2 .
  • optimal direction of projection is theoretically said to be a direction parallel to a straight line connecting a contact point B 2 of a root circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth to be subjected to the peening to a contact point B 1 of a tooth face circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth adjacent to the gear tooth to be subjected to the peening as shown in FIG. 4. If the shot balls are projected in this direction, the fatigue strength of the portion of the gear tooth to which the largest force is applied can become the largest.
  • the necessary time to obtain the fatigue strength required for the side surface of the gear tooth can be shortened because the magnitude of the compressive residual stress produced on the side surface of the gear tooth, in particular, the deddendum point B 2 is maximized by projecting the shot balls in the above-mentioned direction.

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear by producing compressive residual stress on a gear surface using shot peening. In the method according to the present invention, a plurality of shot balls are projected in a direction parallel to a straight line connecting a contact point of a root circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth to be subjected to the peening to a contact point of a tooth face circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth adjacent to the gear tooth to be subjected to the peening, and particularly a direction forming an angle of 0° to 15° relative to the straight line by use of high-pressure air.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention [0001]
  • The present invention relates to a method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear by using shot peening to produce compressive residual stress on a gear surface. [0002]
  • 2. Description of the Related Art [0003]
  • In accordance with development of technologies, higher strength is required for mechanical components used in automobiles or industrial apparatuses. To satisfy this, various method for enhancing the strength of the mechanical components have been proposed. In a case of a gear, one of basic mechanical components, shot peening is mainly utilized in order to enhance its strength. [0004]
  • The shot peening is a method for enhancing strength of manufactures by projecting a plurality of shot balls at a high speed onto surfaces of the manufactures to leave compressive residual stress on the surfaces. An impeller or an air nozzle is used for projecting the shot balls, between which the air nozzle grows to be more and more used in the shot ball-projecting technology. [0005]
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a shot peening method using an air nozzle to project shot balls. [0006]
  • As shown in the drawing, a high-pressure air supply pipe [0007] 3 and a shot ball supply pipe 4 are connected to the air nozzle 2, and the air nozzle 2 faces a gear 1. Shot balls are supplied to the air nozzle 2 via the shot ball supply pipe 4 and are projected at a high speed onto a surface of the gear 1 by means of kinetic energy of high-pressure air injected through the air nozzle 2.
  • By colliding the shot balls at a high speed against the surface of the [0008] gear 1, compressive residual stress on the gear surface is getting larger by impact due to the collision. As a result of this, strength of the gear 1 is enhanced, and particularly strength of a root portion of tooth to which force is applied upon operation of the gear 1 is greatly increased, thereby making it possible to prevent breakage of the gear 1.
  • In such a conventional method for enhancing strength of the [0009] gear 1 using the shot peening, the shot balls is projected from the air nozzle 2 toward a center of the gear 1. In other words, the shot balls are projected in a direction orthogonal to a tangent line of a gear circle such as a root circle or a pitch circle. Consequently, the compressive residual stress produced on a side surface of the gear tooth sloping to the direction of projection is weaker than that produced on a tooth face or a tooth flank.
  • As shown in FIG. 2, that is, whereas impact energy E[0010] 1 applied upon collision of the shot balls against the tooth face or the tooth has a magnitude of ½·mv2 because the shot balls are projected in the orthogonal direction to the tooth face or the tooth flank, impact energy E2 applied upon collision of the shot balls against the side surface of the gear tooth has a magnitude of ½·mv2 sinθ because the shot balls are projected onto the side surface inclined to the tooth face or the tooth flank at an angle of inclination (θ). By this reason, the compressive residual stress produced on the side surface of the gear tooth is weaker than that produced on the tooth face or the tooth flank. Due to deformation caused by this difference in the compressive residual stress, protrusions are formed at both ends of the tooth faces, i.e., outer edges of the gear tooth.
  • Since such protrusions formed on the outer edges of the gear tooth repeatedly interferes with and impacts on the tooth face of the gear during operation of the gear, there is a problem in that the tooth face of the gear is broken down and thus life span of the gear is shortened. [0011]
  • To prevent this, the protrusions must be removed using a semi-topping or a grinding process followed by the shot peening process during manufacture of the gear. This means that additional equipments and workers are required for removing the protrusion, which causes increase of production cost and lowering in productivity. [0012]
  • On the other hand, force is most applied to the side surface of the gear tooth when the gear is in operation. Nevertheless, because magnitude of the compressive residual stress produced on the side surface of the gear tooth is smaller than that produced on the tooth face to which force is less applied than to the side surface, process time required for the shot peening must be extended so as to impart necessary level of strength to the side surface of the gear. Accordingly, there is another problem in that working hours and quantity of consumption of the shot balls are increased and life span of the peening device is shortened. [0013]
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • Accordingly, the present invention has been made to overcome the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear using shot peening, in which magnitude of compressive residual stress produced on a side surface of a gear tooth is larger at least than that produced on a tooth face so that formation of protrusions at outer edges of the gear tooth can be prevented and process time required for the shot peening can be shortened. [0014]
  • To achieve this object, there is provided a method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear using shot peening in accordance with the present invention, in which: [0015]
  • a plurality of shot balls are projected onto a gear surface in a direction parallel to a straight line connecting a contact point of a root circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth to be subjected to the peening to a contact point of a tooth face circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth adjacent to the gear tooth to be subjected to the peening by use of high-pressure air. [0016]
  • Preferably, the direction of projection of the shot balls forms an angle of 0°to 15°relative to the straight line connecting the contact point of the root circle and the involute curve of the gear tooth to be subjected to peening to the contact point of the tooth face circle and the involute curve of the gear tooth adjacent to the gear tooth to be subjected to the peening.[0017]
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The above objects, and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings, in which: [0018]
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a conventional method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear using air nozzle-shot peening; [0019]
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing a direction of projection of shot balls in the conventional method; [0020]
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are views for explaining processes of setting the direction of projection of the shot balls in a method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear using shot peening according to the present invention, respectively.[0021]
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear using shot peening according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. [0022]
  • The present inventors have conducted a series of experiments for finding out relationship between an angle at which shot balls are projected onto a working surface during the shot peening and compressive residual stress produced on the working surface. The experiments are performed in such a manner that the shot balls (round cut wire type, 0.6 mm in diameter, HRC 58˜62) are projected onto a flat carburizing steel plate (texture composition: martensite 80 %, austenite 20 %) at different angles of projection and then magnitude and depth of the compressive residual stress produced on a surface of the steel plate are measured for each angle. Results of the experiments are shown in the following Table. [0023]
    Angle of projection of
    shot balls 90° 80° 70° 60° 50°
    Maximum compressive 135 130 111 105 101
    residual stress (kg/mm2)
    Depth of compressive 120  95  88  78  75
    residual stress
    produced (μm)
  • It can be seen from the Table that magnitude and depth of the compressive residual stress produced on the working surface is the largest when the shot balls are projected in a direction orthogonal to the working surface, and decreases more and more as the angle of projection grows smaller. This can be also theoretically proved from the equation of kinetic energy, ½·mv[0024] 2 sinθ.
  • On the basis of the above results, in the inventive method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear using shot peening, the shot balls are projected during the shot peening process in a direction making an angle βat which the shot balls are projected onto a side surface of a gear tooth, that is, a portion to be subjected to large force when the gear is in operation be larger than an angle a at which the shot balls are projected onto a tooth face or a tooth flank, that is, a portion to be subjected to relatively small force as shown in FIG. 3. [0025]
  • As a consequence of this, magnitude of the compressive residual stress produced on the side surface of the gear tooth becomes similar to or larger than that produced on the tooth face. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent deformation of outer edges of the gear tooth and thus formation of protrusions at outer edges of the gear tooth. [0026]
  • From another point of view, it is required to increase fatigue strength of a portion of the side surface of the gear tooth to which the largest force is applied when the gear is in operation, that is, a deddendum point B[0027] 2. Taking consideration into this, optimal direction of projection is theoretically said to be a direction parallel to a straight line connecting a contact point B2 of a root circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth to be subjected to the peening to a contact point B1 of a tooth face circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth adjacent to the gear tooth to be subjected to the peening as shown in FIG. 4. If the shot balls are projected in this direction, the fatigue strength of the portion of the gear tooth to which the largest force is applied can become the largest.
  • In practice, however, there may occur a phenomenon that a part of the projected shot balls change their moving direction due to colliding against the point B[0028] 2 and so interrupt a path of the shot balls moving toward the point B2. In order to prevent this phenomenon, the shot balls must be projected in a direction in which bad influence on the path of the shot balls projected toward the point B2 can be minimized.
  • Although such a direction is determined by various factors such as size and hardness of the shot balls, projection speed, shape of the manufacture and so on, several experiments have exhibit that the compressive residual stress produced at the deddendum point B[0029] 2 to which the largest force is applied has a maximal magnitude in most manufacturing specifications of the shot ball and the gear when the shot balls are projected in a direction forming an angle of 0°to 15°relative to the straight line connecting the point B2 to the point B1.
  • In the end, by projecting the shot balls in the direction forming an angle of 0°to 15°relative to the straight line connecting the point B[0030] 2 to the point B1, the magnitude of the compressive residual stress produced on the side surface of the gear tooth comes to be similar to or larger than that produced on the tooth face. Accordingly, the formation of the protrusions at outer edges of the gear tooth as in the conventional method can be prevented, and so the semi-topping or grinding process for removing the protrusions does not have to be performed.
  • Moreover, the necessary time to obtain the fatigue strength required for the side surface of the gear tooth can be shortened because the magnitude of the compressive residual stress produced on the side surface of the gear tooth, in particular, the deddendum point B[0031] 2 is maximized by projecting the shot balls in the above-mentioned direction.
  • While the present invention has been illustrated and described under considering a preferred specific embodiment thereof, it will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and various changes, modifications and equivalents may be made without departing from the true scope of the present invention. [0032]

Claims (2)

What is claimed is:
1. A method for enhancing fatigue strength of a gear using shot peening which produces compressive residual stress on a gear surface by projecting a plurality of shot balls onto the gear surface by use of high-pressure air, in which:
the plurality of shot balls are projected in a direction parallel to a straight line connecting a contact point of a root circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth to be subjected to the peening to a contact point of a tooth face circle and an involute curve of a gear tooth adjacent to the gear tooth to be subjected to the peening.
2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the direction of projection of the shot balls forms an angle of 0°to 15°relative to the straight line.
US09/845,173 2000-07-18 2001-05-01 Method for enhancing fatigue strength of gear using shotpeening Abandoned US20020029597A1 (en)

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KR2000-41104 2000-07-18
KR10-2000-0041104A KR100373280B1 (en) 2000-07-18 2000-07-18 a gear processing method using air nozzle shot peening

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US20030070297A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-04-17 Masataka Nakaoka Method for fabricating external-tooth gears
US20040047757A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2004-03-11 Komatsu Ltd. High-hardness, high-toughness steels and crawler components, earth wear resistant components, fastening bolts, high-toughness gears, high-toughness, high contact pressure resistance gears, and wear resistant steel plates using the same
US20040256029A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-12-23 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling element and method of producing the same
US20050051240A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2005-03-10 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling element and method of producing the same
US20050241734A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2005-11-03 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling elements
CN108318244A (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-07-24 重庆大学 Consider the comentation hardening Gear Contact fatigue methods of risk assessment of residual stress
CN110023519A (en) * 2016-10-28 2019-07-16 Mvo奥斯塔尔博金属加工有限公司 Method for manufacturing gear strip and the rack gear according to the method processing
US10906112B2 (en) 2016-02-22 2021-02-02 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Method for improving fatigue strength

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KR100465509B1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2005-01-13 임성혁 Impeller type of shot peening equipment having air conditioner
EP1555329A1 (en) 2004-01-15 2005-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Workpiece with internal compressive stresses, method and apparatus for producing internal compressive stresses
JP5298958B2 (en) * 2009-03-03 2013-09-25 日産自動車株式会社 Shot peening processing method, hypoid gear using the processing method, and shot peening processing apparatus
JP6213867B2 (en) * 2013-02-21 2017-10-18 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 Surface-coated cutting tool and manufacturing method thereof
CN104451079B (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-07-06 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 A kind of gear teeth face shot peening strengthening finely finishing method
CN104625967A (en) * 2014-12-24 2015-05-20 上海振华重工集团(南通)传动机械有限公司 Shot blasting treatment method for increasing stress of gear workpiece
JP6646700B2 (en) * 2018-03-19 2020-02-14 株式会社不二製作所 Surface treatment method for treated product made of hard brittle material
CN110564938B (en) * 2019-10-16 2021-08-17 中南大学 Gear partition composite shot blasting strengthening method and spiral bevel gear
WO2023120985A1 (en) 2021-12-22 2023-06-29 주식회사 포스코 Steel material for hot forming, hot formed part, and method for manufacturing thereof

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JP3238431B2 (en) * 1991-07-31 2001-12-17 マツダ株式会社 Shot peening method for gear parts
US5911780A (en) * 1995-07-13 1999-06-15 Komatsu Ltd. Gear shot peening method
JP3835910B2 (en) * 1997-12-01 2006-10-18 株式会社小松製作所 Gear shot peening method and high strength gear obtained thereby

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030070297A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-04-17 Masataka Nakaoka Method for fabricating external-tooth gears
US20040047757A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2004-03-11 Komatsu Ltd. High-hardness, high-toughness steels and crawler components, earth wear resistant components, fastening bolts, high-toughness gears, high-toughness, high contact pressure resistance gears, and wear resistant steel plates using the same
US20050241734A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2005-11-03 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling elements
US20050247377A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2005-11-10 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling elements
US20060016519A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2006-01-26 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling element and method of producing the same
US20050051240A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2005-03-10 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling element and method of producing the same
US7544255B2 (en) 2003-03-04 2009-06-09 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling element
US7691212B2 (en) 2003-03-04 2010-04-06 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling element and method of producing the same
US20040256029A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-12-23 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling element and method of producing the same
US20060021679A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2006-02-02 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling element and method of producing the same
US7422643B2 (en) 2003-03-11 2008-09-09 Komatsu Ltd. Rolling element and method of producing the same
US7691213B2 (en) * 2003-03-11 2010-04-06 Komatsu Ltd. Case hardened gear and method of producing the same
US10906112B2 (en) 2016-02-22 2021-02-02 Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation Method for improving fatigue strength
CN110023519A (en) * 2016-10-28 2019-07-16 Mvo奥斯塔尔博金属加工有限公司 Method for manufacturing gear strip and the rack gear according to the method processing
CN108318244A (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-07-24 重庆大学 Consider the comentation hardening Gear Contact fatigue methods of risk assessment of residual stress

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20020007700A (en) 2002-01-29
EP1174217A1 (en) 2002-01-23
CN1334346A (en) 2002-02-06
JP2002039328A (en) 2002-02-06
KR100373280B1 (en) 2003-02-25

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