US20020020619A1 - Remotely operable pressure vessel system - Google Patents
Remotely operable pressure vessel system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020020619A1 US20020020619A1 US09/814,211 US81421101A US2002020619A1 US 20020020619 A1 US20020020619 A1 US 20020020619A1 US 81421101 A US81421101 A US 81421101A US 2002020619 A1 US2002020619 A1 US 2002020619A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- clamp
- chute
- flange
- clamp segments
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B33/00—Discharging devices; Coke guides
- C10B33/006—Decoking tools, e.g. hydraulic coke removing tools with boring or cutting nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/03—Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B25/00—Doors or closures for coke ovens
- C10B25/02—Doors; Door frames
- C10B25/08—Closing and opening the doors
- C10B25/10—Closing and opening the doors for ovens with vertical chambers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B33/00—Discharging devices; Coke guides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
- F16L37/002—Couplings of the quick-acting type which can be controlled at a distance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49815—Disassembling
- Y10T29/49819—Disassembling with conveying of work or disassembled work part
Abstract
The present invention provides a fully remotely operable system for loading and unloading a vessel. The system comprises a remotely operable joint connector for sealing or unsealing a vessel. It also consists of a remotely operable closure transport for removing a vessel closure from an opening in the vessel, and a remotely operable removal system for allowing material to be emptied from the vessel.
Description
- 1. Field of Invention
- The present invention relates to automatic or remotely operable pressure vessel units. The present invention is directed towards cokers having coke drums that are useful in hydrocarbon refineries; however, it can relate to closure devices and joint connectors for pipes, tanks and other various conduits where hazardous conditions exit, or, in situations where rapid opening and closing of a joint is desired.
- The present invention, in part, comprises a remotely operable joint connector that is especially useful in cokers, where extremely high temperature and relatively high pressure exist. In particular this connector is especially suited for the deleterious effects of coke exposure or other “dirty” operations.
- 2. Background of the Invention
- Coke drums are structures in hydrocarbon refineries, where, inside these coke drums, heat and moderate pressure turn hydrocarbon residuum into lighter products and a hard, coal-like substance—coke. A pair of coke drums cycle between coking and decoking. One coke drum is coking (joints connected and operating at about 975° F.), while the other is decoking (quenching, followed by remotely opening the joints then decoking the drum). In the decoking phase coke is removed from the coke drums by high pressure hydrostatic drilling. A drill bit is lowered into the coke drum through a drum-top unheading system and coke, cut by the drilling action, falls through a decoke chute attached to an opening in the bottom of the coke drum created when a drum-bottom unheading system removes a closure away from said opening.
- Safely preparing a coke drum for decoking involves the following steps: (1) removing the working surface opening cover creating an opening in the working surface for the coke to pass; (2) remotely aligning and engaging a closure mover to the drum-bottom closure; (3) remotely energizing the drum-bottom closure to the coke drum; (4) remotely unlocking, disconnecting and separating the coke drum from the inlet pipe; (5) remotely unlocking the drum-bottom closure from the coke drum; (6) remotely disengaging the drum-bottom closure from the coke drum in a controlled manner; (7) remotely removing the drum-bottom closure from the opening in the bottom of the coke drum; (8) remotely producing and securing a passageway between the bottom opening of the coke drum to the opening in the working surface, i.e. a decoke chute; (9) remotely unlocking and moving the drum-top closure from the opening in the top of the coke drum; (10) lowering the drill bit into the coke drum through the opening in the top of the coke drum; and (11) engaging and locking the drilling head to the drum-top unheading system.
- Safely preparing a decoked coke drum for coking involves the following steps: (1) remotely replacing, aligning and locking the drum-top closure to the coke drum once the drill bit is removed from the coke drum; (2) remotely decommissioning the decoke chute and replacing the working surface opening cover; (3) remotely aligning and locking the open ends of the inlet piping together, which reconnects the coke drum to the inlet pipe; (4) remotely replacing, aligning and locking the drum-bottom closure to the opening at the bottom of the coke drum.
- Currently most cokers employ workers to manually perform some or all of the foregoing steps. Any of these steps can be hazardous to workers, but by far the most dangerous steps are in the transition from the coking phase to the decoking phase. Here a closed and quenched coke drum must be opened to allow the evacuation of coke from the coke drum.
- Workers are most frequently harmed while performing the following steps: (1) manually unlocking, disconnecting and separating the coke drum from the inlet pipe; (2) manually unlocking the drum-bottom closure from the coke drum; or (3) manually disengaging the drum-bottom closure from the coke drum.
- Coke is supposed to support itself in the coke drum when an opening is created at the drum-bottom; however, this cannot be assured. The flow of loose coke and quench water or other materials from other types of vessels can be very hazardous for workers performing functions during the opening of the vessels. This hazard exists until a secure passageway is present between the opening of the vessel and where the material is ultimately destined. In the case of a coking unit, the material is due to fall in a hole in a working surface located beneath the unit and towards an ultimate destination below the working surface. An even more hazardous environment is a coker design to produce “shot coke” where the coke will not support itself in the coke drum.
- In many cases, the prior art sacrifices safety to provide a quick acting joint connecting means. The prior art illustrates single point failure mechanisms, where, failure of only one member could cause the integrity of the joint to be catastrophically compromised. A higher standard of safety is dictated in today's world. The present invention provides multiple fasteners, thus, providing more safety. There is a need in industry to be able to automatically and remotely open and close a joint, and those with ordinary skill in the art can appreciate, providing redundancy in the fastening means adds difficulty.
- Many companies have developed quick acting connectors, but do not provide safety. Failure of these mechanisms prompted the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) to develop rules in their Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes that give specific rules for adding safety to “Quick Acting” devices. Single acting fastening means and single point failure devices must have secondary back-up retaining elements that will assure joint integrity upon failure of the single acting fastening means or single point failure devices. Such retaining elements will complicate automated operation.
- In some installations, pressure vessels, pipes, and structural joints are opened and closed manually under conditions hazardous to the people performing the operation. Most prior installations utilize joint connecting means consisting of bolted flanges that are very labor intensive. The basic closing nature of bolted flanges is illustrated in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Publication B16.5. Other manually operated prior art for connecting joints consist of threaded, clamped and breach-lock mechanisms. These labor intensive designs are not well suited in hazardous environments.
- Coke drums are pressure vessels that have openings in the top and bottom that are periodically closed and sealed. Most coke drums have manually bolted connections connecting vessel closures and other structural units to the coke drum to close and seal the coke drums internal environment. Coke drums also have manually bolted connections connecting upstream and downstream pipes to the coke drum. Manually operating these connections has proven to be harmful to workmen.
- Although prior art provides simplicity, it does not provide sufficient safety. In analyzing paths of failure, the prior art contains unsafe single component failure paths that upon failure would catastrophically cause the opening of the connected joint. A logical method to create a safe connecting means is to incorporate redundancy in the fastening elements and to remove all single point failure devices from the connecting means.
- Supplying redundancy in an automatic connecting means can be difficult and expensive. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the benefit of the simple automatic operation of the present invention which provides safe redundant fastening elements. The system should be operable manually as well, when necessary due to a power failure or other interruption. When compared to other automated joint connecting means, it can be noted that a significant economic benefit is realized with the present invention due to its simplicity. This simplicity directly relates to lower operating costs and shorter down time. In some processes, one day of down time can result in an economic loss far surpassing the initial cost of the automated connecting means. Simplicity in design is highly valued by end users of this technology. The prior art automated joint connecting devices, providing redundancy in the fastening elements contain overly complex mechanisms compared to the present invention. In the process of providing redundancy, the prior art sacrifices simplicity, reliability, and economy.
- A number of coke drum unheading devices are known in the prior art. Most of the unheading devices do not apply a remotely operable connector. Thus, they are not fully automated are unsafe. All these devices in one fashion or another do not truly fully automate all the function associated with preparing a coke drum for decoking and/or coking; therefor, these devices are unsafe semi automated systems.
- Some unheading systems only address the placement of the drum-bottom closure. By far the most dangerous manual operation is unlocking the drum-bottom closure from the coke drum. Thus, a fully remote unlocking system is desired. Other remote unlocking systems are complex and use a large number of moving parts which contribute to complexity, down time, and maintenance requirements.
- A system is desired such that presently existing bolted flanges can be retrofitted for remotely controlled connecting and disconnecting. Typically, an existing manually sealed flange pair will have been disposed on vessel or pipe, such as on a coke drum. A remotely controlled connector that can utilize the manual flange already disposed on the units can realize significant cost savings as well as improved safety for the unit.
- When designing truly remote functioning the designer must fully rule out the possibility of local intervention. A person may think outer space is a place that rules out local intervention, but workers are launched into space to locally repair systems that have lost their remote reliability. We all know the dangers associated with this endeavor. This invention in part and full inherently provides reliable remote functioning to coker units in many ways. The present invention in full or part will have ramifications in a number of industries, such as; Aerospace, Nuclear, Refining, Chemical, Petroleum, Food Process, and Subsea.
- All aspects of the embodiments of the present invention draw attention to safety, simplicity, reliability and ease of quick maintenance.
- The present invention provides a unique and safe system to remotely prepare a vessel for entry and removal of material. It is uniquely adapted to be fully remotely operable for the coking and decoking of a coke drum. Other prior art systems require some manual step and thus, present risk to workers attending them.
- A goal is to develop a remotely operable coke drum unheading system that is fully automated. This system must comprise a joint connecting means embodying: safety, a means to provide a uniform sealing force to isolate internal volumes from the external environment, automatic primary remotely controlled operation, secondary manual operation, manual operation backup, predictable operation using simple parts and a small number of parts, cost effective design.
- The current invention provides a unique and safe joint connecting mechanism that can be operated at a distance removed from danger and can be used to retrofit or replace existing manually bolted flanges.
- In coke drums a structural unit call an inlet pipe can be attached to another structural unit called a bottom closure and must be disconnected somewhere along the inlet pipe by a joint connecting means. The present invention provides a unique and safe mechanism to remotely connect, disconnect, align and unite the bottom closure to the inlet pipe, further comprising:
- a clamping device for securing the first structural unit and the second structural unit;
- a clamp mover attached to the clamping device and movingly attached to the first structural unit for translating the clamping device substantially along the longitudinal axis of the first structural unit;
- an aligner, attached to the first structural unit and the clamping device, whereby the aligner aligns the clamping device with the first structural unit in a position whereby the clamping device will capture and secure the first structural unit.
- Part of the system to remotely prepare a vessel for entry and removal of material is a vessel closure transport to place the vessel closure from and to the vessel opening. The closure transports of the present invention are remotely operable and comprise a table for supporting the closure, a movement mechanism attached to the table for moving the table, a guiding mechanism for guiding the table to and from the vessel. The closure transport can in combination, tilt, pivot, rotate, slide, lift or lower the vessel closure. Some applications will require the vessel closure transport to the interface the vessel support deck and others will allow the vessel closure transport to interface the working surface or the coke drum.
- Part of the system to remotely prepare a vessel for entry and removal of material is an appratus for guiding material out of the vessel.
- Below a coke drum's bottom opening is a working surface containing an aperture. The aperture is opened to allow material exiting the coke drum to pass through the working surface and is closed so that workmen cannot pass though. An exit chute can be deployed and undeployed through this aperature from the working surface to the bottom of the coke drum forming a passageway for guiding material out of the vessel.
- The present invention provides unique and safe system to open and close the aperture and deploy and undeploy the exit chute. The present invention also applies, in combination, the open and closing of the aperture and the deploying and undeploying of the exit chute.
- When the exit chute is deployed to the coke drum it must be secured such that it doesn't prematurely undeploy while material is exiting through it. The present invention provides a safe mechanism wherein the connector used to attach the closure to the bottom opening also attaches the exit chute to the coke drum when the closure is placed away from the bottom opening by a closure transport.
- Material in coke drums may sometimes have to be drilled before it can be removed from the coke drum. A vessel penetrating tool, a drill, must be lowered through the opening in the top of the coke drum after the closure is liberated from the coke drum and transported away from the opening. The present invention provides a unique and safe vessel penetrating tool adapted to interface the joint connector to seal the vessel when the top joint connector is engaged in the closed position.
- The present invention embodies a remotely operable joint connecting mechanism (“connector”) that is essential for safely connecting the coke drum to the inlet pipe, the drum-bottom closure to the coke drum and the drum-top closure to the coke drum.
- The present invention provides a unique and safe system to prepare a pressure vessel completely from a remote location for entry and removal of material. It is uniquely adapted to be ally remotely operable. Moreover, embodiments of the present invention are also adapted for manual operation in the event of failure of the remote operating system.
- A standard multiple bolted flange, described in ANSI B 16.5, together with the present invention, produces an axial joint closing force necessary to sustain joint sealing integrity. The present invention is designed to supply the closing force with magnitude large enough to produce a contact stress on a gasket that creates a sealing barrier between the joint's internal and external environments.
- In a preferred embodiment, the present invention's flange retaining clamp includes a clamp whose perimeter is divided into a plurality of segments, joined by redundant segment fasteners. The clamp perimeter can be cylindrical, but is not limited to a cylindrical profile. For example, joints may be rectangular or another known shape. The joint can be opened and closed remotely or manually. A preferred embodiment involves remotely operable clamp segments, operable from a location separated by distance from the joint.
- The nature of the present invention provides primary remote operation without compromising secondary manual operation. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the self-contained nature of the fasteners, which allow the flange retaining clamp to be manually opened and closed quickly, with only the use of a standard wrench. A significance of the present invention's flange retaining clamp is its ease in transition and functioning from manual to automatic remote operation.
- The invention includes a remotely operated actuating means which provides a connecting force to a redundant plurality of fasteners. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fasteners are threaded bolts. There are a number of other joining devices that will suffice to perform the function of the threaded bolt fasteners. Cams, hooks, cables, spring loaded locking tabs, linkages, gear driven members, rack and pinion members, chain linkages and other known devices could act as a fastener to move the clamp segments into closed, sealing position. Energizing the redundant fasteners causes the clamp's perimeter to expand and contract in an opening and closing motion, liberating or retaining the flange members. When the perimeter of the clamp segments is increased, the female taper internal diameter of the clamp segments disengages the tapered male outer perimeter of the flange hubs. The male to female tapered interface between the flange hubs and the clamp segments allows the clamp segments to act as a restraint to effectively energize and lock the flange members together allowing a seal barrier to be created. Further, the tapered flange hubs can create an axially compressing force that tends to drive the flange members into one another when the clamp is closed against the hubs. This closing occurs when the diameter of the clamp is contracted by the plurality of clamp segment fastening means. Therefore, gaskets requiring joint contact surface compression and/or seating force can be energized between the flange members creating a seal barrier to seal the vessel's internal environment from its external environment. Stored energy in the clamp segment fastening device secures a leak tight joint.
- In a preferred embodiment on the invention one of the conical make-up shoulders is replaced by a substantially straight non angled make-up shoulder, such as that disposed on manually bolted flanges. This arrangement allows an existing manually bolted flange to be retrofitted for remotely controlled operation by removing the manual bolts and disposing the present invention about an existing flange. Typically, an existing manually sealed flange pair will have been disposed on a pair of structural units to be joined. Hazardous conditions of or about the joining of this flange pair or the benefit of decreased joint connecting and/or disconnecting time gives birth to the need for remotely controlled devices, such as the present invention. Since the present invention can utilize a manual flange already disposed, significant cost savings is realized.
- A preferred embodiment of the present invention's clamp provides a remotely operable mechanism to assure uniform closing force along the entire perimeter of the clamp segment to the flange member contact surface interface. This unique feature incorporates, clamp segments adapted to make controlled contact (“CC clamp segments”) at or about the midpoint of the clamp segment farthest away from the clamp segment fastening devices and also utilizes guide members, adapted to act on the clamp segments to guide the contact of the clamp segments with respect to the flange members producing a controlled predictable contact. This controlled contact, together with CC clamp segments uniformly preloads the entire joint by initiating contact between the clamp segments and the flange members substantially near or about the clamp segments midpoint farthest away from the clamp segment fasteners. The actuating device member, acting on the clamp segment fastening device, provides a closing force, transmitted into the clamp segments, reducing the clamp's perimeter and causing the CC clamp segments to resiliently flex substantially near or about the clamp segments' midpoint. This resilient flexing occurs as the CC clamp segments are energized and forced to engage the flange members by the clamp segment fastening devices. The closing force first provides connecting preload at or near the CC clamp segments' midpoint, then continuously provides the preload force closer and closer to the clamp segment fastening device as the CC clamp segment is flexed about its midpoint. This unique feature causes the clamp segment fastening device's force to be uniformly distributed along each entire clamp segment against the flange hubs' contact surface. The uniform preload at the contact surface, in turn, supplies a uniform sealing force on the flange member to gasket member contact surface, creating a barrier between the joints' internal and external environments.
- Moreover, a unique way to assure the uniform preloading can be effectively incorporated with a remotely operated joint opening and closing mechanism. A preferred embodiment utilizes guide pins, attached to the clamp segments. These guide pins are restricted to travel in passageways fixed with respect to at least one flange members. The fixed motion of the guide pins, in turn, guides the radial motion of the clamp segments, relative to the flange members. This motion causes the clamp segments' midpoint to return to the flange members at a predictably controlled location every time the clamp segments are remotely actuated from the clamp segments' open position to the clamp segments' closed position.
- When the clamp segments are secured to the flange members, friction between the flange hubs and the clamp segments tend to lock the clamp segments onto the flange members. CC clamp segments are resilient and when energized and forcefully flexed into engagement with the flange members energy is stored. This energy tends to return the clamp segments to their free state away from the flange members; thereby, producing a relative unlocking force between the clamp segments away from the flange members that overcomes the friction force holding them together. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate the substantial benefit of this feature, which reliably overcomes the locking friction force between the clamp segments and the flange hubs, and the importance of this feature to the effective remotely controlled connecting and disconnecting of a joint.
- In cylindrical geometry, clamps retaining flange members with an internal diameter less than 36 inches will preferably have two clamp segments. Larger diameter flange members will preferably be retained by clamps having several segments. Each clamp segment adapted for and conjoined by clamp segment fastening devices that are, in turn adapted for remote and/or manual actuation.
- In some remotely operable connecting applications, such as joints in a coke drum, the low number of cycles (measured by half days), coupled with low contact stress at the clamp segment to flange hub interface, makes wear of this interface an insignificant factor when determining the life of the coke drum. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the present invention's flange retaining clamp that reduces such wear at the mating surfaces between the flange hubs and the clamp segments. This feature addresses the reduction of wear by decreasing the length of dynamic engagement at the mating surfaces, coupled with a reduction in contact stress at the mating surface engagement. CC clamp segments adapted to maximize initial area contact mating with flange members, creates a contacting interface for a remotely controlled flange retaining clamp.
- In the closed position of the present invention's clamp, the flange hubs have a generally male conical profile that mates with the clamp segments' generally female conical profile, sharing the same conical vertex. Sharing the same conical vertex determines the overlaying of the mating surface throughout a substantial part of the 360 degree conical contact length; wherein, the available mating contact surfaces of the clamp segments' come in contact with mating flange hubs' surface. In the prior art, wear was of concern when the clamp segments are dynamically moved onto the flange hubs from the open position to the closed position. Such wear is not observed in the current invention.
- The present invention's flange retaining clamp discounts wear with a unique contacting behavior. CC clamp segments mating with flange members, in effect, significantly align the free state conical vertex of the clamp and flange hubs' conical contact interface; wherein, the flange members are retained but energized by the clamp. This close alignment significantly reduces the length of dynamic engagement between the clamp segments and flange hubs, and turns the initial line contact, associated with prior art mating members, into a large area contact. These two effects eliminate wear of the clamp segment to flange hub contact surface as the clamp segments are forced onto the flange hubs driving the flange hubs' conical apex and clamp segments conical apex into substantially alignment as the clamp closes and the gasket is sealingly compressed by the flange members.
- The present invention's flange retaining clamp is a self-contained mechanism. To function properly, the present invention's clamp does not require external devices, such as foundation reaction points or motion limiting devices.
- The clamp segments can be further self-contained by incorporating the passageways for the pivot pins, and other clamp support passageways, into a self-containing support ring or plate, which is spring loaded to the clamp segments at the guide pins' locations. Such self-containing rings fix the orientation of the passageways, such that the clamp segments are guided from the open position to the closed position, relative to the flange members, and relative to each other, to assure proper connection and disconnection of the joint. This self-contained clamp assembly could then be removed as a single unit from the flange members quickly and easily for preventative maintenance. This approach is especially useful in a subsea environment where remote controlled vehicles could retrieve this modular clamp assembly for easy transport to the surface, and replace the assembly with a new assembly, leaving flange members at their subsea location.
- The clamp segment fastening device is the entire device used both to connect together and to actuate the clamp segments, securely holding the gap between the clamp segments closed, and can be of any known construction. For safety reasons the clamp segment fastening device elements should be redundant and, therefor, not contain a failure path that could cause an opening of the gap upon failure of any one component. There are a number of other clamp segment fastening devices that would suffice to perform the function of the clamp segment fastening device. Cams, hooks, cables, spring loaded locking tabs, linkages, gear driven members, rack and pinion members, chain linkages, swing bolts, and other known devices could act as a clamp segment fastening device to bring together the clamp segments. Although the present inventor realizes that there are a number of clamp segment fastening devices available, the current clamp segment fastening devices were selected because of their many benefits listed below.
- In prior art, the transition between remote and manual operation is complicated. Some remotely operated mechanisms must be disconnected before manual operation can occur. The manual operation of prior art is both labor intensive and complicated by the remote operation. The current clamp segment fastening device can be energized to either open the clamp gap or close and lock clamp gap both automatically by remotely actuable drive member or by manual operation with ease and without disconnecting any components. Primary remote operation is married with secondary manual operation in a unique and simply manner. Those skilled in the art will realize the ease in transition between remote and manual operation and the ease of the manual operation of the current clamp segment fastening device.
- The clamp segments can be uniquely remotely opened and then remotely closed and then remotely locked to sealingly retain flange members. Without local intervention, it can then be remotely unlocked and then remotely opened. This process could be repeated ad infinitum at long distances.
- The energy supplied to the clamp segment fastening device by the remotely actuable drive member is positively stored by the clamp segment fastening device, thus securing the gaps between the clamp segments and locking the flange retaining clamp onto the flange members even if the remotely actuable drive member is disconnected. This feature is required to safely secure the sealed joint independent of the remotely actuable drive member.
- Energy stored in the clamp segment fastening device can be increased or decreased manually even after it has been locked.
- The fastening means can be energized by any known actuable drive member, such as hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders or motors. Known mechanical advantage devices, such as; gears, wedges, linkages and cams could be incorporated with the actuable drive member.
- The clamp segment fastening device interacts with the clamp segment in a self-contained assembly. This assembly does not require external anchors or reaction structures to operate. Also, the clamp segment fastening device will self-limit the opening motion of the clamp segments; therefor, motion limiting devices are not required.
- To safely conjoin and secure the clamp segments in the closed position, the clamp segment fastening device has redundant joining elements. In a preferred embodiment of the current invention, these redundant joining elements are a plurality threaded bolts. If one bolt were to fail a backup exists.
- The plurality of joining elements can be energized by a single remotely actuable drive member.
- The design of the present invention's flange retaining clamp allows for dry assembly of the component parts of the clamp. That is, no grease or other lubricant is required during assembly. Further, depending upon the material from which the components are manufactured, the present device can be utilized in environments up to 1800° F.
- FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a vertical vessel with a preferred embodiment of the present invention having flange retaining clamps attaching sections of a vertical vessel.
- FIG. 2 is a partial section view similar to FIG. 4, illustrating a preferred embodiment of a self-aligning feature for the flange members.
Bolts 8 are rotated in view from their true position. - FIG. 3 is a partial section view similar to FIG. 4, illustrating a preferred embodiment of a self-aligning feature for the flange members consisting of box and pin members equally space around the flange members.
Bolts 8 are rotated in view from their true position. - FIG. 4 is a partial section view of a preferred embodiment of the clamp segments and flange members, as seen along the lines2-2.
Bolts 8 are rotated in view from their true position. - FIG. 4a is a partial section view similar to FIG. 15, illustrating a preferred embodiment of the clamp segments and flange members, where at least one flange member to clamp segment contact shoulder is substantially non angled.
Bolts 8 are rotated in view from their true position. - FIG. 4b is an exploded partial section view similar to FIG. 4a. FIG. 4b illustrates a preferred embodiment of the clamp segments and flange members, wherein a
force adjuster 176 interfaces the clamp segments and further interfaces the flange members throughbearing 177. - FIG. 5 is a section view of the contracted position of a preferred embodiment of the present invention as seen along the lines1-1. FIG. 5 shows the top plan view of the automated flange retaining clamp partially sectioned. For clarity, FIG. 5 has a clamp support bracket radially removed from its true position by
distance 6. - FIG. 6 is a partial side view, partially sectioned, of the automated flange retaining clamp of FIG. 5 as seen along the lines3-3. The partial section shows the relationship between
bolts 8 and lockingdevices 33, while in the closed position. - FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the partial section shown in FIG. 5 illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, focusing on a preferred embodiment of the redundant clamp segment fastening device as seen along the lines5-5.
- FIG. 8 is a partial side view, partially sectioned, as seen along the lines4-4, illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, focusing on a preferred embodiment of the redundant clamp segment fastening device.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the expanded position of a preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 9 shows the top plan view of the automated flange retaining clamp partially sectioned. For clarity, FIG. 9 has a clamp support bracket radially removed from its true position by
distance 52. - FIG. 10 is a partial side view, partially sectioned, of the automated flange retaining clamp of FIG. 9 as seen along the lines6-6. The partial section shows the relationship between
fastener 8, lockingdevice 33, and clevisnut 24, while in the open position. - FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the partial section shown in FIG. 9 illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, focusing on a preferred embodiment of the redundant clamp segment fastening device as seen along the lines8-8.
- FIG. 12 is a partial side view, partially sectioned, as seen along the lines7-7, illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, focusing on a preferred embodiment of the redundant clamp segment fastening device.
- FIG. 13 is a partial side view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention that limits the motion of the clamp segment fastening device shown in FIG. 12. It is one of many possible means to perform the motion limiting function of
device 37. - FIG. 14 is a section view of the contracted position of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is similar to FIG. 5 and shows the top plan view of the automated flange retaining clamp partially sectioned. Here, a standard multiple bolted flange is retrofit with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is an exploded partial section view as seen along line9-9 and is similar to FIG. 4a. FIG. 15 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the clamp segments and flange members, where at least one flange member to clamp segment contact shoulder is substantially non angled. Show is a spring support adapted to interface a standard multiple bolted flange.
Bolts 8 are rotated in view from their true position. - FIG. 16 is an elevation view of a coker, illustrating a preferred embodiment of automated coke drums with a drill rig atop, a preferred embodiment of an automated drum-top unheading system, a preferred embodiment of an automated inlet pipe connecting system, a preferred embodiment of an automated decoke chute and opening cover, and a preferred embodiment of an automated drum-bottom unheading system with a preferred embodiment of a closure mover.
- FIG. 16a, similar to FIG. 16, is an elevation view of a coker, illustrating a preferred embodiment of automated coke drums with a drill rig atop, a preferred embodiment of an automated drum-top unheading system, a preferred embodiment of an automated inlet pipe connecting system, a preferred embodiment of an automated decoke chute and opening cover, and a preferred embodiment of an automated drum-bottom unheading system with a preferred embodiment of a closure mover.
- FIG. 17 is an exploded elevation view of a preferred embodiment of an automated drum-bottom unheading system, shown in the closed position. FIG. 17 contains a partial section illustrating the relationship between the movable opening cover and the decoke chute.
- FIG. 18 is an exploded elevation view, similar to FIG. 17, showing a preferred embodiment of a automated drum-bottom unheading system in the open position. The view has a partial section view, illustrating the decoke chute and movable opening cover interacting as the decoke chute ascends out of the working surface to meet the coke drum.
- FIG. 19 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of a closure mover shown in the raised position.
- FIG. 19a is a side view of a preferred embodiment of a closure mover shown in the lowered position.
- FIG. 20 is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of an automated drum-bottom unheading system, shown in the closed position. FIG. 20 contains a partial section illustrating the relationship between the movable opening cover and the decoke chute. It also illustrates a draw works that can remotely operate the motion of the decoke chute and opening cover.
- FIG. 21 is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of an automated drum-bottom unheading system. It illustrates actuation of FIG. 20. Here,
coke drum 56 is being prepared for decoking; whereby,connector 62 is expanded to the open position awaiting the capture of the decoke chute, as it is raised by the draw works. At top right is a partial exploded sectionview showing connector 62 capturing the decoke chute.Flange member 5 is resting onclosure mover 61. FIG. 21 contains a partial section illustrating the relationship between the movable opening cover and the decoke chute. Here, the opening cover is actuated by a separate actuator than the decoke chute; however, they can be deployed by the same actuator. - FIG. 21a is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of an automated drum-bottom unheading system similar to FIG. 21. Here, the decoke chute is deployed by a actuable magnet riding on cable(s) 114.
Coke drum 56 is being prepared for decoking. - FIG. 21b is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of an automated drum-bottom unheading system similar to FIG. 21 and FIG. 21a. Here, the actuable magnet is stored out of the way of workers.
Coke drum 56 is being prepared for coking; wherein,closure mover 61 is movingflange member 5 into position forconnector - FIG. 21c is similar to FIG. 21a. Here a different magnet actuation is shown. FIG. 21d is similar to FIG. 21b. Here a different magnet actuation is shown.
- FIG. 22 is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of an automated drum-bottom unheading system. Here,
coke drum 56 is being prepared for decoking; whereby,connector 62 is expanded to the open position awaiting the capture of the decoke chute, as it is raised byactuators 116.Flange member 5 is resting onclosure mover 61. Here, the opening cover and decoke chute can be deployed by the same actuators. - FIG. 23 is an elevation view of a deploying opening cover which comprises a plurality of layered floor plates. When this system is deployed, the floor plates create a passageway for coke to traverse. A swinging
flange member 5 could comprise one side of this passageway. - FIG. 24 is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A closure mover is illustrated in the lowered position, as seen along lines12-12.
- FIG. 25 is sectional plan view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A closure mover is illustrated in the lowered position, as seen along lines10-10.
- FIG. 26 is side view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A closure mover is illustrated in the lowered position, as seen along lines11-11.
- FIG. 27 is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A closure mover is illustrated in the raised position, as seen along lines14-14.
- FIG. 28 is sectional plan view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A closure mover is illustrated in the raised position, as seen along lines13-13.
- FIG. 29 is a plan view, partially sectioned, of a coker illustrating the interaction of a closure mover with respect to a pair of coke drums. In this preferred embodiment of the present invention,
coke drum 56 a is being prepared for decoking. The inlet pipe connecting system is removed for clarity. - FIG. 30 is a plan view, partially sectioned, of a coker illustrating the interaction of a closure mover with respect to a pair of coke drums. In this preferred embodiment of the present invention,
coke drum 56 a is being prepared for decoking. Herein is illustrated the deployment of floor plates and the movement of the closure mover. The inlet pipe connecting system is removed for clarity. - FIG. 31 is a plan view, partially sectioned, of a coker illustrating the interaction of a closure mover with respect to a pair of coke drums. In this preferred embodiment of the present invention,
coke drum 56 a is being prepared for decoking. Herein is illustrated the deployment of the decoke chute. The inlet pipe connecting system is removed for clarity. - FIG. 32 is a plan view, partially sectioned, of a coker illustrating the interaction of a closure mover with respect to a pair of coke drums. In this preferred embodiment of the present invention,
coke drum 56 a is being prepared for decoking. Herein is an illustration of a swinging closure mover. The inlet pipe connecting system is removed for clarity. - FIG. 33 is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of the inlet pipe connecting system. The view illustrates
connector 63 in the coking (joints closed) position. - FIG. 34 is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of the inlet pipe connecting system. The view illustrates
connector 63 in the decoking (joints open) position. Here,connector 63 andinlet pipe 57 are retracted byactuator 85. - FIG. 35 is a section view of the inlet pipe connecting system, as seen along lines15-15
- FIG. 36 is a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of a drum-top unheading system. The view illustrates this embodiment in the coking (joints closed) position.
- FIG. 37 is a partial elevation view of a preferred embodiment of a drum-top unheading system, as seem along the lines16-16. The view illustrates this embodiment in the coking (joints closed) position.
- FIG. 38 is a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of a drum-top unheading system. The view illustrates this embodiment in the decoking (joints open) position.
- FIG. 39 is a partial elevation view of a preferred embodiment of a drum-top unheading system, as seen along the lines17-17. The view illustrates this embodiment in the decoking (joints open) position.
- FIG. 40 is an elevation view of a preferred embodiment of a drum-top unheading system and illustrates its interaction with a preferred embodiment of the drill stem and drill stem adapter.
- FIG. 41 is an exploded elevation view, partially sectioned, of a preferred embodiment of a the drill stem adapter.
- FIG. 42 is a elevation view a preferred embodiment of a connector heat transfer system as it applies to a coke drum. FIG. 42 contains an exploded partial section view as seen along the lines18-18.
- The present invention relates to remotely operable containment vessels.
- The present invention provides a safe system to remotely prepare a containment vessel, such as a coke drum, for the removal of material therein or the insertion of material. The present invention embodies a remotely operable joint connecting mechanism essential for safely connecting the vessel to an inlet pipe, the drum-bottom closure to the vessel, or the drum-top closure to the vessel.
- It should be noted that while this remotely operable connector, while described in terms of vertically oriented vessels and openings, can also secure joints in other vessels or pipes at any orientation. While generally applicable to any sort of vessel, this disclosure pays particular interest to coke drums and their mode of operation.
- It should be noted that the invention is directed to the clamping or joining of other types of structural units, such as supports, pylons, conduits, pipes, other vessels, terminators, or other types of structures.
- FIG. 1 shows two such orientations. Referring to FIG. 1, in a first orientation (upper portion of FIG. 1), a joint between
vertical vessel sections Vessel sections flange members 10 sealingly secured by aclamp segments 7. Theclamp segments 7 are supported bysprings 48 on guide pins 44 and 49 which are movably attached tosupports vessel section 53 and aflange member 5 is secured by an embodiment of the present invention. Thevessel section 53 and theflange member 5 have flange hub ends 11 and 21 sealingly secured byclamp segments 7. These, in turn, are supported bysprings 48 on guide pins 44 and 49 which are movably attached tosupports - The relationship between the
flange members clamp segment 7 is better shown in FIGS. 2-4. Thesecond flange member 5 is applied in a gasketed, sealing relationship to thefirst flange member 10, and acts as a lid closing the internal volume ofvessel section 53. Other preferred embodiments of the flange retaining clamp can connect any plausible outer perimeter joint configuration, such as, but not limited to, cylindrical, elliptical, parabolic, oval, or polygonal or any other perimeter having flange hub ends. - FIG. 4 shows two
flange members clamp segments 7.Flange member 10 is attached to thevessel section 53 at a neck 4. Theflange member 5 is the closure at the opening in thevessel section 53. FIG. 4 illustrates a vessel closing device in which twoflange members clamp segments 7. -
Flange member 10 is normally attached to the neck 4 by welding. Although not shown in FIG. 4, those skilled in the art will appreciate that theflange member 10 can be secured to the neck 4 by any number of fastening mechanisms, such as a threaded connection like a bolt. The neck 4 and theflange member 10 preferably have aninternal perimeter 12 which is substantially collinear. As shown in FIG. 4, eachflange member flange hub shoulders vessel 53, such as avessel 56, to be retrofitted for remotely controlled operation. - Each
flange member shoulders clamp segments 7 would have the same number of make-upshoulders flange member clamp segments 7 and the external perimeter offlange members shoulders clamp segments 7 andflange members - When no energy is present in the clamping segments, they are said to be in the free state. In the free state, the clamping segments may put the clamping mechanism into either the open or closed position, depending on the bias of the segments used. When energy is stored in the clamping segments, the clamping mechanism will change state to either the open or closed state, once again depending on whether the segments are biased open or biased closed.
- For illustrative purposes, a clamping apparatus utilizing open biased segments is used. That means, in the free state the clamping device is put into the open state. When energy is stored in the clamping segments, the segments flex and put the clamp into the closed state. One skilled in the art will realize that a clamp biased closed could just as easily be designed using the techniques described herein.
- When the clamp segment conjoining elements (“
bolts 8”) are tightened, they force the perimeter of theclamp segments 7 to contract intoflange members clamp segments 7 from a open perimeter, shown asposition 2 in FIG. 4, to a closed perimeter, shown asposition 1 in FIG. 4. The conical make-upshoulders bolts 8 through flange hub ends 11 and 21. This force drivesmembers gasket 9 in a sealing relationship between the flange hub ends, thus isolating the internal environment from the external environment of the vessel. - Referring to FIG. 4, in order to liberate the
flange members clamp segments 7, theclamp segments 7 are moved away from theirclosed position 1 to theiropen position 2 creating aclearance 3 that allows the outer perimeter of theflange members clamp segments 7. This allows the joint betweenvessel 53 andflange member 5 to be disassembled. - In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
clamp segments 7 are mounted to aflange member clamp segments 7 are mounted is generally attached to a structure, typically expected to be substantially stationary, i.e. thevessel section 53. - In an embodiment of the present invention,
movable flange member stationary flange member movable flange member stationary flange member segments 7, when closed, can sealingly secure themating flange members clamp segments 7 has a receivingtaper 14 that interfaces with the outer perimeter of themovable flange member taper 15, creating a means to accommodate gross misalignment during initial alignment of the flange members. Interaction between thetaper 15 and thetaper 14 will force themovable flange member stationary flange member - Referring to FIG. 4a, the apparatus in this figure is substantially similar to the apparatus in FIG. 4. Here the conical make-up
shoulder 13 a is replaced by a substantially non angled make-upshoulder 13 e, such as disposed on typical manually bolted flanges. These make-up shoulders can make sliding contact or can be adapted with rollers to make rolling contact on a roller bearing surface. - FIG. 4b is an illustration of an embodiment of the present invention adapted to a manually bolted
flange member 10 a. A plurality offorce adjusters 176 are disposed alongclamp segments 7 and space apart from one another.Force adjusters 176 can form a threaded interface withclamp segments 7; however, some other force reacting interface would suffice. - When
force adjusters 176 are adjusted the force betweenclamp segments 7 andflange members clamp segments 7. - A
bearing 177 can be placed betweenbolts 176 andflange member 10 a and/orflange member 5. Theforce adjusters 176 could make a roller contact with the bearing 177 or thesurface 13 c offlange member 10 a. Theseforce adjusters 176 can also be incorporated with connectors similar to FIG. 4. - The embodiments of FIGS. 4a and 4 b allow an existing manually bolted flange to be retrofit for remotely controlled operation by removing the manual bolts and adapting the present invention about an existing
flange 10 a having flange hub end 11 a. FIG. 14 illustrates a preferred arrangement for adapting the present invention about a typical manually bolted flange. Generally, an existing manually bolted flange pair will have been disposed onvessel 53 or a pipe. Hazardous conditions of or about the joining of this flange pair or the benefit of decreased joint connecting and/or disconnecting time gives birth to the need for remotely controlled devices, such as the present invention. Since the present invention can utilize a manually boltedflange 10 a, already disposed on avessel 53, such as on avessel 56, significant cost savings is realized, as follows; retaining the investment inflange 10 a, avoiding the expenses of removing thismanual flange 10 a, avoiding the cost of areplacement flange 10, avoiding the expense of fabricatingnew flange 10 tovessel 53 and the savings of avoidable downtime and the loss of production during this downtime. - In the foregoing arrangement it is beneficial for the clamp segment's open position to be sprung, such as to create a
distance 3 a between make-upshoulder 13 c's open position and its closed position, thereby assuring reliable engagement ofclamp segments 7 with the flange hub end 11 a. Lead-inangle 13 d is applied to further assure the foregoing reliable engagement. - The placement of
bolts 8 may be biased toward the taperedshoulder 13 b further away fromshoulder 13 c, as shown in FIG. 4a and FIG. 14. This placement would differ from the relatively equal distant placement ofbolts 8 between two equally angled make-up shoulders as shown in FIG. 4. Those skilled in the art will realize this biased placement accommodates the load eccentricity created by dissimilarly angled make-up shoulders, such as 13 b and 13 c. - Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of the present invention includes a fine aligning mechanism. An aligning
plate 16, preferably constructed from rolled plate, is attached to theflange member plate 16 has a receivingtaper 17 along its inner perimeter for receiving theflange member 5. The opposite flange member to which the aligningplate 16 is attached will have an interfacingtaper 18 that interacts with thetaper 17. - Referring to FIG. 3, another embodiment of a fine aligning feature consists of a box and pin type arrangement. A
pin 19 has a taperednose 20 that interfaces withbox 22 to alignflange member 5 toflange member 10. This box to pin arrangement will be utilized to align other devices embodying the present invention, and will be referred to by these numbers without particular reference to flange to flange alignment. - Referring to FIGS.5-8, most identifying number labels are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 because they are enlarged partial views of FIG. 5. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, shown in FIG. 5, the flange retaining clamp is divided into three
separate clamp segments 7 atgaps 36. Each clamp segment division is defined by thegaps 36. Clampsegment fastening device 55 conjoins and interacts with theclamp segments 7 acrossgaps 36, controlling the magnitude ofgaps 36 and securinggaps 36 such thatclamp segments 7 are positively locked ontoflange members segment fastening device 55 comprises a plurality of threadedbolts 8 with a lockingnut 30, alocking device 33, aclevis nut 24, amotion limiting device 37, ayoke 25, pins 26 and 28, and at least one remotelyactuable drive member 27. - An operator at a remote control panel can activate the remotely actuable
powered drive member 27 causing the clampsegment fastening device 55 to automatically driveclamp segments 7 to an expanded open position or to a contracted closed and locked position. - In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flange retaining clamp is divided into a plurality of
segments 7. Threeclamp segments 7 are generally a preferred embodiment for large joints and twoclamp segments 7 are generally acceptable for smaller joints. It should be noted that the clamp segments can have reduced sections, such as notchings, for providing further flex to the clamp segments. - In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a
passageway 23 in theclamp segments 7 are made to acceptbolts 8. As shown in FIG. 5, thepassageway 23 andbolts 8 are substantially tangent to and passing through theclamp segments 7. Attached to thebolts 8 are threaded clevis nuts 24. Attached to theclevis nut 24, by apin 26, is ayoke 25. In turn theyoke 25 is attached to a remotely actuablepowered drive member 27 by apin 28. Apassageway 29, substantially collinear to thepassageway 23, is made to accept theclevis nut 24, lockingnut 30, and thelocking device 33. Since the several locking means 24, 30, and 33 cannot pass through thepassageway 23, the junction ofpassageway - To remotely close and lock the
clamp segments 7 and, thereby, to produce an effective sealing barrier between the vessel's internal and external environment, a signal is sent from a remote control panel (not shown) that causes a power supply (not shown) to activate the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27. The remotely actuablepowered drive member 27 pullsyoke 25 towardsanchor 38 attached to clampsegments 7. Theyoke 25 evenly distributes a stretching force intobolts 8. Since the lockingnut 30 cannot pass through thepassageway 23, the lockingnut 30 contacts theclamp segments 7 at the reaction shoulders 31, pulling the adjacent clamp segments together, thereby effectively reducing the clamp segments' perimeter. This reduction in perimeter of the clamp segements forces flangemembers 5 and together and supplying a compressive sealing force ongasket 9. - Locking
nut 30 and reaction shoulders 31 interface each other in a male to female spherical radii fit so as to prevent significant bending stress inbolts 8. When the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27 causes a significant stretching force in thebolts 8, thebolts 8 elongate enough to allow thelocking devices 33 to fit between theclevis nuts 24 and the reaction shoulders 32. Thelocking devices 33 havepassageways 33 a (FIG. 10) to allow passage of thebolts 8 but not allow passage of clevis nuts 24, thus positively locking the closing stored energy in the stretchedbolts 8, and allowing isolation of the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27. Since the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27 is energized by a remote power source, the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27 is generally not relied on to act as a continuous fastener to retain stored energy. It is beneficial to terminate the power source after energizing and lockingbolts 8 with lockingdevices 33. - As shown in FIG. 6, the
locking devices 33 have “C” shaped sections, which allow thebolts 8 to fit into the opening 33 a of the “C” shaped sections. At the openings in the “C” shaped sections of thelocking devices 33, tapers account for misalignment of thebolts 8, theclevis nut 24, and thepassageways 29 with said lockingdevices 33. During tightening, when sufficient clearance is achieved under theclevis nuts 24, the remotely actuable poweredlocking device actuator 41 advances thelocking device 33 under theclevis nut 24, power to the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27 can then be disconnected. Theclevis nut 24 reacts on lockingdevice 33. Since thebolts 8 were significantly stretched from their original length, they will now maintain a substantial stored energy that will secure theclamp segments 7 onto theflange members hold locking devices 33 from moving when the remotely actuable poweredlocking device actuator 41 is disconnected from the power source. Thesprings 39 contribute to moving thelocking device 33 into locking position when the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27 has created sufficient clearance between theclevis nut 24 and thelocking device 33. The lockingdevice 33 is a positive locking element that locks the stored energy into clampsegment fastening device 55 without relying on friction or a power supply to maintain the stored energy. - Locking
devices 33 can be simple ridged structural elements. A cam lock made to interface 7 & 33 could also hold lockingplate 33 into the closed and lock position. Lockingdevice 33 could also make a slight angled contact with clevisnut 24 allowing thefastening device 55 to be further remotely tightened once the locking device is locked by simply stretchingbolts 8 and advancinglocking device 33's angled contact. This action further engages clevisnut 24 and results in more stretch inbolts 8. The magnitude of the angled contact could be made to be less than the contact friction angle, thus producing a self-locking or positive locking effect. This contact surface could also be serrated with interlocking teeth. - In another embodiment,
clamp segments 7 are comprised of a segmented ring with external lugs. Each external lug containspassageways 23 and has reaction shoulders 31 and/or 32. The lugs are located near the ends of the clamp segments farthest away from the midpoint of the clamp segment. - Clamp
segment fastening device 55 is both remotely or manually operable without changing or disconnecting any parts of the clamp. This provides very quick transition between remote and manual operation. To manually close the connector, the user may simply tighten threaded lockingnuts 30 on thebolts 8. Astandard wrench interface 40 is provided to locking means 30 to allow the manual tightening of thebolts 8. Alternatively, the user may attach a portable power supply to the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27. Ease in transition between remote and manual operation is a very useful feature . - In another embodiment of the clamp
segment fastening device 55, the force applied to thebolts 8 can be increased, decreased, or verified at any time without disconnection of any members simply by turning lockingnut 30 with a standard wrench. - In another embodiment,
bolts 8 is adapted for spring centralizers that forcefully centralize thebolts 8 inpassageways 23. - In another embodiment,
bolts 8 orpassageways 23 are adapted for bearings to ease the relative motion of these components. - The remotely actuable
powered drive members 27 are connected in series, so that a power source, connected to the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27, supplies the same amount of power eachindividual drive member 27. This assures thatclamp segments 7 act simultaneously to connect and disconnect the joint. The remotely actuable poweredlocking device actuator 41 are similarly interconnected to assure proper functioning of thelocking devices 33. If required, a compressible force producing mechanism could be adapted between theclamp segments 7 assuring eachgap 36 is closed substantially evenly. - Referring to FIGS.9-13, to automatically open the
clamp segments 7, a signal is sent from a control panel (not shown) removed from theclamp segments 7. The signal activates a remote power supply (not shown) to activate remotely actuablepowered drive members 27 to stretch thebolts 8 until thelocking devices 33 are unloaded and can be retracted by actuating the remotely actuable poweredlocking device actuator 41. In an embodiment, the motion of thelocking devices 33 is predictably guided byguide members 42 that travel through passageways inanchors 43. Once thelocking devices 33 are clear of clevis nuts 24, a passageway is formed allowing clevis nuts 24 to be moved by the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27 toward reaction shoulders 32. When the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27 advances thebolts 8 through thepassages 23, the gap 35 (FIG. 8) falls to nothing. A motion limiting means 37, attached to thebolts 8, makes contact with theclamp segments 7 at acontact surface 34. The motion forces the clamp segments to move apart expanding the parameter of theclamp segments 7 until clevis nuts 24 make contact with the reaction shoulders 32. At the reaction shoulders 32, clevis nuts 24 cannot pass through thepassageways 23, limiting the expanding motion of theclamp segments 7 in a self-limiting manner. Thus, due to the limitations on movement of the parts comprising the clampsegment fastening device 55, the opening motion of the clamp is self-limited. Therefor, no motion monitoring devices are required. The motion limiting means 37 is adjustably attached tobolts 8. FIG. 13 shows an alternate embodiment of the motion limiting means 37, identified as 37 a. The motion limiting means 37 a is attached to theclamp segments 7 above the lockingnut 30 and performs the same functions as themotion limiting means 37. Further, motion limiting means 37 a is designed to allow unimpeded access to astandard wrench interface 40, to allow quick manual tightening of the clampsegment fastening device 55. - It should be noted that one skilled in the art would realize that a sensor could be used to indicate whether the clamping apparatus should remain in either the closed and locked position, or alternatively in the open position. This sensor would control and inhibit the state transition of the clamping mechanism when environmental conditions dictate it.
- A manual operation controller can also be added to the device to provide a backup mechanism to adjust the stored energy in the clamp segments. To manually open the connection means, loosen threaded locking
nut 30 on thebolts 8 and retract thelocking device 33 by common rigging means. Extend thebolts 8 by common rigging means untilclamp segments 7 are opened, as discussed in the previous paragraph. A portable power supply may be used to move the remotely actuablepowered drive member 27 and the remotely actuable poweredlocking device actuator 41 to open the connection. The remotely actuable powered drive members can utilize any form of power, such as electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic power. - A preferred embodiment has
clamp segments 7 that radially expand and contract to liberate and secure theflange members clamp segments 7 are tightly fastened they engage theflange members clamp segments 7 is supported by theflange members clamp segments 7 are opened the weight of theclamp segments 7 is supported by thesprings 48 and the guide pins 44 and 49 attached to the guide pin support frames 45 and 51. - Referring to FIGS. 1, 5 and9, in an embodiment, guide pins 44 are located at the midpoint of each clamp segment, preferably evenly spaced from the
clamp gaps 36. The guide pin support frames 45 and 51 each include apassageway 46. The guide pins 44 and 49 are attached to clampsegments 7 and are restricted to motion allowed by thepassageways passageways segments 7 and cannot pass fully through thesupports supports springs 48. Thepins 44 and thepassageways 46 in thesupports 45 play an important role in aligning the segments of theclamp segments 7 to their first point of contact with theflange members pin locations springs 48, confined between theclamp segments 7 and thesupports clamp segments 7 such that the internal female tapered section ofclamp segments 7 is maintained in a position for alignment of the male flange hubs of theflange members - Further, the guide pins44 and 49, being restricted to travel in
passageways clamp segments 7, both relative to each other and relative to theflange members - The function of the guide pins44 and 49, and the
supports clamp segments 7 or by guide rods attached to theclamp segments 7 and restricted to motion in a slot attached to the neck 4. - The guide passageways46 and 50 may be part of a
support plate 74 rather than in separate support frames 45 and 51.Support plate 74 is then mounted to one of theflange members support plate 74 is attached tovessel 56 bypins 124. Thepins springs 48, and a supportplate containing passageways clamp segments 7, the clampsegment fastening devices 55, the remotely actuablepowered drive members 27, thelocking devices 33 and the remotely actuable poweredlocking devices actuators 41, could all be functionally assembled in a self-contained portable package, which could then be mounted or attached toflange members - Referring to FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, the apparatus in these figures is substantially similar to the apparatus in FIG. 5. FIG. 14 is an illustration of how an embodiment is adapted to a manually bolted
flanged member 10 a. This embodiment is adapted to theflanged member 10 a without the attachment ofsupports vessel 53, thereby eliminating the stress risers associated with this fabrication and their affect on thevessel 53. The abandoned bolt holes 110 of the manually boltedflanged member 10 a are evident. In this embodiment thepassageways support plate 74 which, in this embodiment, is a continuous ring. -
Spring members 108 interfaceflanged member 10 a andsupport plate 74 and produce aclearance 3 a by springing theclamp segments 7 vertically upward away from theflanged member 10 a, assuring reliable positioning ofclamp segments 7 relative toflanged member 10 a. This further assures predictable remotely controlled operation between the open position to the closed position of theclamp segments 7. -
Attachment 109interfaces flange member 10 a andspring members 108 to fix the placement of thespring members 108 to theflange member 10 a. This embodiment can be installed between coking and dekoking cycles, presenting very significant cost savings to coke drum owners. - Spillway111 and make-up
shoulder 13 b on theclamp segment 7 facilitate removal of material from the vessel and create a self-cleaning engagement between all configurations of flange members and the various configurations of theclamp segments 7 when this area is flushed as theseal 9 is broken. - In an embodiment of the
clamp segments 7 are adapted to make controlled contact (“CC clamp segments”) at or about the midpoint of the clamp segment farthest away from the clamp segment fastening devices. Theseclamp segments 7 are predisposed to separate fromflange members gaps 36 when unenergized by clampsegment fastening device 55. Clampsegment fastening device 55 forcibly and elastically flexesCC clamp segment 7 into engagement with the flange members. WithCC clamp segments 7, thegaps 3, as shown in FIG. 9, quickly become significant at the ends of eachclamp segment 7 whenclamp segments 7 are opened asfastener 55 is loosened. Whenclamp segments 7 are loosened, the end segments of theclamp segments 7 initially flex radially outwardly away from theflange members clamp segment 7 flexes about its midpoint farthest away fromgaps 36. This causesgaps 3 to quickly become pronounced. This motion significantly reduces the distance theclamp segments 7 are required to move away fromflange members passageways 46. - Compared to the mating of prior art clamp segments to substantially cylindrical flange members the present invention's CC clamp segments substantially reduce the distance the
clamp segments 7 must move to open. Conical apexes of the conical contact surfaces 13 ofCC clamp segments 7 mating with substantially cylindricallyflanged members open position gaps 36 to be much smaller. Also, the initial contact area between theclamp segments 7 andflange members open position gaps 36 result in cost saving because the components of the clampsegment fastening device 55 can be much shorter. The open perimeter of theclamp segments 7 is much smaller, saving space. Also frictional forces holding theclamp segments 7 onto theflange members CC clamp segments 7 away from theflange members - In an embodiment,
clamp segments 7 are further adapted to maximize initial area contact between the flange members and theclamp segments 7. In this embodiment,CC clamp segments 7 connecting to theflange members CC clamp segments 7 are moved on and off theflange members surfaces 13 is significantly lowered because the contact area between theclamp segments 7 andflange members - Since the
CC clamp segments 7 are resiliently flexed into engagement to close ontoflange members gaps 36. This assures the remotely actuablepowered drive members 27 associated with the clampsegment fastening devices 55 will move theclamp segments 7 substantially simultaneously and that a uniform closing resistance at the gaps between the segements is present. -
Connectors bottom unheading system 5 a, inletpipe connecting system 72 and the drum-top unheading system 90, respectively. - The flange retaining clamp describes a device that is adapted to apply force to flange members to retain them. It has a channel shaped
clamp segment 7 to mate to a flange member interface. It could also be applied without flange members. That is, the clamp segments may not have a channel shape. For example, it could be used to safely apply a substantially encompassing force to the outside of a substantially smooth pipe to seal a leaking hole in the pipe. - The components comprising the flange retaining clamp can be adapted to an optimized geometry and construction to produce the maximum strength to weight ratios. For example, the body of the
clamp segments 7 could have locally reduced or removed sections. These locally reduced section could also be designed to improve the flexibility of theclamp segments 7. - Referring to FIG. 16, an embodiment is shown. The vessel structure of a coker unit is illustrated having a
drilling rigs 106 shown abovevessels connector 88 at the top ofvessels vessel support deck 105 and workingsurface 107. -
Vessels vessel 56 a is coking andvessel 56 b has been prepared for decoking. - Making a comparison between what is observed on
vessel 56 a to what is observed onvessel 56 b facilitates understanding of the mechanical functions involved in preparing a vessel for coking, and in reverse, preparing a vessel for decoking. - Referring to
vessel 56 b,drill bit 103, attached todrill stem 89, is cuttingcoke 64 withinvessel 56 b; i.e. decoking.Flange member 91, liberated fromvessel 56 b by openingconnector 88, is removed from the hole in the top ofvessel 56 b.Drill stem 89 is sealed tovessel 56 b atdrilling head 104, which is locked to drum 56 b byclosed connector 88.Loose coke 64 is falling throughexit chute 59, which is attached tovessel 56 b byclosed connector 62. Openingcover 60 is swung open by the actuation ofexit chute 59 towardvessel 56 b.Flange member 5, liberated fromvessel 56 b by openingconnector 62, is resting onclosure mover 61, away from the opening in the bottom ofvessel 56 b.Connector 63 is openliberating flange members Connector 63 andinlet pipe 57 are retracted back, further away fromvessel 56 b's longitudinal centerline byactuator 85. - Referring to
vessel 56 a,drilling head 104, liberated fromvessel 56 a by openingconnector 88, is resting on extracteddrill bit 103.Flange member 91, replaced to cover the hole in the top ofvessel 56 a, is locked tovessel 56 a byclosed connector 88. Openingcover 60, closed by the retraction ofexit chute 59, covershole 112 in workingsurface 107.Flange member 5, replaced to cover the hole in the bottom ofvessel 56 a byclosure mover 61, is locked tovessel 56 a byclosed connector 62.Inlet pipe 57 andconnector 63 are advanced closer tovessel 56 a's longitudinal centerline byactuator 85; whereby,flange members closed connector 63. - Imagine that
vessel 56 a has been coking (joints closed) for several hours, where insidevessel 56 a extreme heat and moderate pressure has turned hydrocarbon residuum into lighter products and gradually filled with a much heavier residuum—coke 64. It should be noted thatvessel 56 can be any other material containing vessel and the coke can be any other material in such a vessel. In the case of a coking vessel, lower temperature quench water is introduced intovessel 56 a throughinlet pipe 57 to dissipate the high heat in the huge volume contained byvessel 56 a. As the heat is dissipated, the heavy residuum solidifies intoharder coke 64.Vessel 56 a is plugged withcoke 64 that must be removed (decoking) beforevessel 56 a can return to coking. - In
coking units vessel 56 a is generally twenty four feet in diameter and one hundred feet high. A worker with an impact wrench manually openingconnector vessel 56 a could be compromised. - Safely decoking a vessel56 a or 56 b involves: (1) opening and/or removing opening cover 60 which covers hole 112, serving as a coke 64 passageway through working surface 107, thereby creating an opening in working surface 107 for coke 64 to pass; (2) remotely aligning and engaging a closure mover to flange member 5, i.e. 61 or 113; (4) remotely energizing flange member 5 to the vessel with closure mover 61 or 113, or by some other method, (5) remotely unlocking and opening connector 63, thereby disconnecting and separating the joint between inlet pipe 57 and connector pipe 58; (6) remotely unlocking and opening connector 62, thereby disconnecting the joint between flange member 5 and the vessel; (7) remotely disengaging the flange member 5 from the vessel in a controlled manner; (8) remotely removing flange member from the opening in the bottom of the vessel; (9) securing a passageway between the opening in the bottom of the vessel and hole 112 in working surface 107; i.e. exit chute 59; (10) remotely unlocking and opening connector 88 and removing flange member 91 away from the opening in the top of the vessel; (11) lowering drill bit 103 into the vessel through the opening in the top of the vessel; and (12) engaging drilling head 104 to connector 88, then remotely closing and locking connector 88, thus securing drilling head 104 to the vessel.
- The foregoing functions prior to opening
connector connector coke 64 is removed fromvessel 56 a should be remotely performed. - Once all of
coke 64 is removed fromvessel drill bit 103 from the vessel and replacingflange member 91 to the vessel; (2) closing and lockingconnector 88, thereby lockingflange member 91 to the vessel; (3) remotelydecommissioning exit chute opening cover 60, thereby coveringhole 112 in workingsurface 107; (4) replacingflange member 5 and aligning it to cover the hole in the bottom of the vessel and locking it tovessel 56 a by closing and lockingconnector 62; and (5) remotely aligningflange members actuator 85 and locking them together by closing and lockingconnector 63. Once a vessel has been cooled and decoked it poses much less of a hazard to workers. These five steps could be performed locally, however automatically controlled equipment, such asconnectors - Referring to FIG. 16a, one embodiment is shown. Here,
vessel 56 a is being prepared for decoking andvessel 56 b has been prepared for coking. - The major difference in FIG. 16a compared to FIG. 16 is that
closure mover 61 is replaced byclosure mover 113. Also, another feature present is deployingtelescoping exit chute 59 a. - Referring to
vessel 56 a,connector 63 is expanded to the open position, thereby liberatingflange members inlet pipe 57 fromvessel 56 a.Connector 63 andinlet pipe 57 are retracted back further away fromvessel 56 a.Closure mover 113 has already capturedflange member 5 asconnector 62 was unlocked and expanded to its present open position. Nowflange member 5, having been lowered and retracted byclosure mover 113, rests on it away from the opening in the bottom ofvessel 56 a, thereby allowing deployment ofexit chute 59 a.Exit chute 59 a is being remotely lifted and aligned toflange member 10 disposed onvessel 56 a.Connector 62 will eventually close and lockexit chute 59 a tovessel 56 a. -
Vessel 56 b having been completely remotely closed and connected to theinlet pipe 57 is coking (joints closed). - Referring to FIG. 17 and FIG. 18,
exit chute 59 is raised from its position in workingsurface 107 to joinvessel 56. Asexit chute 59 is raised, openingcover 60 is activated by the motion ofexit chute 59 and opens, allowing theexit chute 59 to travel to thevessel 56. In anembodiment opening cover 60 comprises grating, but it could be comprised of any type of decking material. - In FIG. 18,
connector 62 is expanded to the open position allowing it to align, capture and lockexit chute 59 tovessel 56. Whenconnector 62 is expanded to the open position the weight ofconnector 62 is supported byguide pins vessel 56. - In the opposite transition,
exit chute 59 is lowered into workingsurface 107, as shown in FIG. 17. Asexit chute 59 is lowered, it makes contact with openingcover 60 causing the cover to close flush with workingsurface 107. When openingcover 60 is flush with the workingsurface 107,closure mover 61moves flange member 5 to a position where it could be connected tovessel 56. After the joint is connected byconnector 62, the joint between connectingpipe 58 andinlet pipe 57 is secured by theinlet piping connector 63. - Referring to FIG. 17, an embodiment of the drum-
bottom unheading system 5 a is shown in the closed position. The drum-bottom unheading system 5 a is the complete system that preparesvessel 56's drum bottom for coking or decoking. - The joint between
vessel 56 andflange member 5 is securely connected byconnector 62. The joint between the connectingpiping 58 andinlet pipe 57 is securely connected byconnector 63. Theexit chute 59 is positioned in workingsurface 107 and openingcover 60 is flush with the surface of workingsurface 107. - A mechanism for moving the closure to and from the vessel is detailed in FIG. 19 and FIG. 19a. The closure mover has a table or surface for supporting the vessel closure. In an embodiment,
closure mover 61 has a base 61 g that acts as a rigid structural frame. Attached to base 61 g are a plurality of wheels 61 h, a plurality of wheel drivers 61 l, a plurality of stabilizingpoles 61 f, and a plurality ofelevators 61 c.Closure mover 61 separates along gap 61 j. In an embodiment,elevators 61 c are a plurality of hydraulic cylinders that change the magnitude of gap 61 j. The function ofelevators 61 c could also be completed using a single elevator. The motion allowsclosure mover 61 to translateflange member 5 vertically upward and downward. The vertical movement allowsflange member 5 to move relative tostationary vessel 56. This allowsflange member 5 to be lowered sufficiently so thatflange member 5 can clearconnector 62.Elevator 61 c can be designed such that it can forceflange member 5 againstvessel 56 with enough force to overcome the loads imposed onflange member 5 by the contents of thevessel 56. This causes a sealing barrier to be imposed betweenflange member 5 andflange 10 disposed onvessel 56. - A plurality of rails61 b are attached to the plurality of sleeves 61 d at the top of the sleeves 61 d . Cross-members provide structural rigidity by cross-linking sleeves 61 d at the bottom of the sleeves 61 b. The sleeves 61 b form a male to female fit with
stabilizer poles 61 f to assure a uniform change in gap 61 j, at eachindividual stabilizer pole 61 f location, aselevator 61 c is activated, thus stabilizing the vertical separating motion ofclosure mover 61. Locking pins, not shown, can be inserted through sleeves 61 d andstabilizer poles 61 f at locations 61 e, thus manually locking the gap 61 j to a desired position. - When activated, a plurality of wheel drivers61 l, linked to wheels 61 h, causes
closure mover 61 to translate horizontally and guides it to and fromvessel 56's longitudinal centerline, positioningflange member 5's centerline relative tovessel 56's longitudinal centerline. - In an embodiment,
closure mover 61 is a wheeled cart that travels along rails, not shown, sunk into workingsurface 107.Closure mover 61 also provides a vertical motion to force the loadedflange member 5 to a completely sealed position againstvessel 56. - In an embodiment,
closure mover 61 contains a tilter. This tilter variably tiltsflange member 5 with respect toflange member 10. This is particularly useful to control the magnitude and direction of flow of loose coke and quench water from thevessel 56. Here tilters 61 n, attached to base 61 g, engageflange member 5 in a manner that lifts one side offlange member 5 fromsurface 61 k whensurface 61 k's elevation is below the top oftilters 61 n, as shown in FIG. 19a.Tilters 61 n can be of any construction and could be detached from base 61 g and separately remotely actuated. - When
closure mover 61 is elevated as shown in FIG. 19, the top oftilters 61 n are belowsurface 61 k, thereby allowingflange member 5 to be parallel to surface 61 k. This is useful becauseflange member 5 should be parallel toflange member 10 when the vertical motion ofcover mover 61forces flange member 5 againstflange member 10. - As the elevation of
surface 61 k is lowered, thetilters 61 n start to make contact withflange member 5, tilting it relative to surface 61 k. The vertical motion of theclosure mover 61 will vary the degree of tilt, thus controlling the magnitude and direction of the flow of loose coke and quench water fromvessel 56. - Some cokers use rail cars to carry
loose coke 64 away but, the volume of coke is much larger than the capacity of one rail car. The flow of coke must be regulated as new rail cars move into position under thevessel 56. - To prevent
flange member 5 from falling offclosure mover 61,tilters 61 n and pins 61 minterface flange member 5 in apin 19 andbox 22 arrangement, such as shown in FIG. 3. - Remotely controlled
closure mover 61 is adapted to control the magnitude and direction of the flow of material fromvessel 56 using only theelevators 61 c. No local intervention is required, and is then safer than other types. - It should be noted that
flange member 5 can also be pivoted in a swinging motion away fromvessel 56. Or, alternatively,flange member 5 can also be horizontally translated along rails attached tovessel 56 by an elevator that moves the rails in a vertical direction, thus positioningbottom closure 5 against or away fromvessel 56. - Turning now in more detail to the coke unloading system and referring to FIG. 18, an embodiment of the drum-
bottom unheading system 5 a is shown in the open position.Exit chute 59, which is shown partially extended out of workingsurface 107, illustrates the relationship between theexit chute 59 and theopening cover 60. In normal decoke position,exit chute 59 completes an enclosed coke passageway fromvessel 56 to workingsurface 107 to allowcoke 64 to be evacuated fromvessel 56. The joint between the connectingpipe 58 andinlet pipe 57 is disconnected sinceinlet piping connector 63 is in the open position.Inlet pipe 57 andconnector 63 are retracted back further away from the longitudinal centerline ofvessel 56 byactuator 85. The joint betweenvessel 56 andflange member 5 is also disconnected.Connector 62 is expanded to the open position, thus allowingflange member 5 to be disjoined.Flange member 5 is removed fromvessel 56 and rests onclosure mover 61, thus clearing an opening at the bottom ofvessel 56 to be enclosed byexit chute 59. As shown, gap 61 j can become nil, such that the top portion ofclosure mover 61 firmly rests on the bottom portion of theclosure mover 61. - In an embodiment,
actuator 65 is remotely activated to power movement ofexit chute 59 in the vertical direction.Actuator 65 is attached to exitchute 59 atlocation 66 and to workingsurface 107 atanchor 70. An embodiment incorporates hydraulic cylinders asactuator 65. Although not shown, theactuator 65 could be any plausible actuator having different benefits, such as a cable or chain wench. - As
exit chute 59 travels in the upward vertical direction,upper chute rollers 67contact floor plates 68, attached to movable opening covers 60, causing thecovers 60 to pivot aboutpivot 69 untilcovers 60 completely swing away, allowing passage of theexit chute 59 to thevessel 56. Asexit chute 59 is moved close tovessel 56, rollers ) could be attached to ends 71 offloor plates 68 and toanchors 70 to guide the motion ofexit chute 59 to a position that creates a enclosed path from thevessel 56 to the workingsurface 107. The rollers, attached to theends 71, would act as positive stops limiting the motion ofcovers 60, thus disallowing over pivoting ofcovers 60 in the opening direction. - In a reverse manner, as
exit chute 59 descends,lower chute rollers 67contact floor plates 68 at ends 71 causingcovers 60 to pivot aboutpivot 69 untilcovers 60 become flush with the surface of workingsurface 107, as shown in FIG. 2. Further, covers 60 andfloor plates 68 are designed to allowcovers 60 to be manually opened whileexit chute 59 remains in workingsurface 107.Exit chute 59 will have provisions for secondary manual operation in order to backup remotelyoperable actuator 65. - The benefit of this remotely controlled exit chute deployment is that
exit chute actuators 65 can also actuate openingcover 60. No local intervention is required. Also, in a similar manner,exit chute vessel 56. - In FIG. 20
vessel 56 is being prepared for decoking. This depicts another remotely operable deployment embodiment ofexit chute 59 a and, if present, the deployment of openingcover 60. Here a single actuator, draw works 115, replaces the plurality ofactuators 65 of FIG. 18, simplifying drum-bottom unheading system 5 a.Exit chute 59 a is a telescoping version ofexit chute 59.Actuators 116 are shown but are not required. At least one line “cable” 114, controlled by draw works 115, interfaces exitchute 59 a. As draw works 115 draws in cable(s) 114exit chute 59 a elevates upward tovessel 56. - The
opening cover 60 can be made to interfaceexit chute 59 a as discussed earlier. It can also be activated byactuators 116. - FIG. 21 further illustrates the deployment of
exit chute 59 a and, if present, the deployment of openingcover 60, and the function of cable(s) 114, draw works 115 andactuator 116. -
Exit chute 59 a is depicted in an elevated position and on its way to mate withflange member 10. Remotely actuated draw works 115 is shortening the active length of cable(s) 114, which interfacesexit chute 59 a at a plurality ofsaddles 119 spaced aboutexit chute 59 a., thus causing it to rise.Saddles 119 can comprise rollers. Especially beneficial is the flexible and self-centering nature of this embodiment. Its self-centering nature evolves as the force of gravity tends to cause the exit chute to be located at the lowest elevation of cable(s) 114. This assuresexit chute 59 a is relatively concentric withvessel 56 and, therefore,connector 62. Asexit chute 59 a approaches openedconnector 62,taper 117 interfaces taper 14 onclamp segments 7. The flexibility ofcables 114 allow the gross aligning ofexit chute connector 62 to close around theflange hub end 118 ofexit chute 59. The inherent nature of the connecting behavior predicts reliable connection of theexit chute vessel 56. - When
connector 62 closes, the tapered make-upshoulder 13 b of theclamp segments 7, together with the taperedflange hub end 118, allowconnector 62 to capture and secure a substantiallymisaligned exit chute exit chute vessel 56. It equally applies to the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 21a and FIG. 21b, FIG. 21c and FIG. 21d and FIG. 22. - Opening
cover 60 can be adapted to interfaceexit chute 59 a; whereby, both can be deployed and decommissioned by a single draw works 115. - Heretofore, no prior art remotely locks a exit chute to the
vessel 56 and, therefor, they are semi automated and unsafe. - Cable(s)114 can be drawn upward out of the way of workers by locally disengaging cable(s) 114 from
saddles 119 when it is safe to do so. This local step can also be performed remotely. One embodiment illustrates this remote function in FIG. 21a, FIG. 21b, FIG. 21c and FIG. 21d. FIG. 22 illustrates another exit chute deployment requiring no local intervention. -
Exit chutes flange hub end 118 allowingconnector 62 to align and secure it tovessel 56. Remotely controlled deployment, alignment, and locking ofexit chute 59 a tovessel 56 is much safer than in previous versions. - FIG. 21a, substantially similar to FIG. 21, further illustrates another embodiment concerning the deployment of
exit chute 59 a and, if present, the deployment of openingcover 60, and the function of cable(s) 114, draw works 115 andactuator 116. -
Exit chute 59 a is depicted as elevated and on its way to mate withflange member 10. Remotely actuated draw works 115 shortens the active length of cable(s) 114, which interfacesexit chute 59 a via at least oneenergizable magnet 137 which interfaces exitchute 59 a at a plurality ofchute pads 138 spaced aboutexit chute 59 a. This shortening of the cable causesexit chute 59 a to rise. - A
chute pad 138 is partially cutaway to illustrate its attachment to exitchute 59 a. Its construction allows draw works 115 to pull exit chute fully up toflange member 10. - Opening
cover 60 can be adapted to interfaceexit chute 59 a; whereby, both can be deployed and decommissioned by a single draw works 115. - FIG. 21b shows
magnet 137,exit chute 59 a, and openingcover 60 in a decommissioned state with no local intervention. - The
magnet 137 of FIG. 21a and FIG. 21b interfacescable 114 in a roller contact, thereby allowingmagnet 137 to center itself at the midpoint ofcable 114 and align itself tochute pad 138. - FIG. 21c and FIG. 21d, substantially similar to FIG. 21a and FIG. 21b respectively, illustrate another embodiment .
Magnets 137 are simply attached to the ends ofcable 114 and remain flexible. - A benefit of the remotely controlled deployments and decommissionings of
exit chute 59 a and, if present, the deployment of openingcove 60, is thatexit chute 59 a andopening cover 60 actuators can function with the same actuators. In addition, a single draw works 115 can deploy bothexit chute 59 a andopening cover 60, replacing numerous exit chute actuators and opening cover actuators. This saves expense and maintenance. In FIG. 22 the drum-bottom unheading system 5 a is similar to the one shown in FIG. 21.Vessel 56 is being prepared for decoking in this depiction which illustrates another remotely controlled deployment, alignment, and locking ofexit chute 59 a tovessel 56, and if present the remotely controlled deployment of openingcover 60. The remote functioning of the cable(s) 114 and draw works 115 of FIG. 21 are replaced by cable(s) 120 and hingeextensions 121 ofhinge 122. Cable(s) 120interface exit chute 59 a at a plurality ofsaddles 119 spaced aboutexit chute 59 a. Whenactuators 116swing hinge extensions 121 upward towardvessel 56. The cable(s) 120 unstore themselves from their resting area below the surface of workingsurface 107. As themidpoint apparatus 123 oncable 116 rises with the actuation ofhinge extensions 121, they contact saddles 119 disposed onexit chute 59 a elevating it towardsvessel 56 in a flexible, self-aligning manner. -
Exit chute 59 a is partially elevated byactuators 116 and will interface toconnector 62. It will be aligned and locked tovessel 56 as previously described.Actuators 116cause hinge extensions 121 to pivot abouthinge 122 and force is transmitted throughhinge extensions 122 and to cable(s) 120. Hinge extensions could comprise any type of construction including a grated opening cover or simple poles that can open outside of theenvelope containing connector 62. Cable(s) 120, interfacingsaddle 119, are connected to opposinghinge extensions 121. These swing upward towardconnector 62, thereby raisingexit chute 59 a to meetflange member 10. Whenconnector 62 closes aboutflange members exit chute 59 a is aligned and locked toflange member 10 disposed onvessel 56. - A difference between this embodiment and that shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 is the nature of cable(s) deploying and decommissioning. Cable(s)120 recess themselves below the surface of working
surface 107 whenactuators 116 are activated tolower exit chute 59 a and, if present,close opening cover 60. Cable(s) 120 can be weighted and/or spring biased bydevice 123 to close opposite ends ofcable 120, near or aboutdevice 123, assuring the remotely operable nature of their decommissioning and deployment. - A benefit of this remotely controlled deployment of
exit chute 59 a and, if present, the deployment of openingcove 60, is thatseparate exit chute 59 a andopening cover 60 actuators are not required. Further this system stores itself below the surface of workingsurface 107 out of the way of workers, and no local intervention is required. - FIG. 23 shows an
alternate opening cover 125 being remotely deployed.Opening cover 125, deployed by at least oneactuator 116, is comprised of at least onefloor plate 126. A plurality offloor plates 126, layered when decommissioned, can be deployed forming a partial or full passageway between workingsurface 107 andvessel 56 allowing loose material to pass. - This embodiment is particularly useful when it is associated with a closure mover that tilts or swings, thereby controlling the direction of the flow of material from
vessel 56 againstfloor plates 126 and downhole 112. - At least one
opening cover 125 would deploy to divert theflow 128 intohole 112 in workingsurface 107, such as shown in FIG. 29.Opening cover 125 interacts with aclosure mover 113, that tilts and lowersflange member 5. This motion controls the direction of the flow fromvessel 56 againstopening cover 125 and downhole 112. - In another embodiment (not shown), at least two deployed
floor plates 126, together withflange member 5, adapted to swing open at a hinge location aboutvessel 56, would complete an enclosing passageway forflow 128. This arrangement requires space between the elevation offlange member 10 and workingsurface 107 soflange member 5 can swing open. - This embodiment is particularly useful in vessels containing loose, unpacked material.
- Moving to an
alternative closure mover 113, attention is shifted to FIG. 24 through FIG. 28.Closure mover 113 is disposed onvessel support deck 105 bybase 129.Closure mover 113 could also be inverted and disposed on workingsurface 107. However, workingsurface 107 is sometimes not strong enough to support the force generated byclosure mover 113 as it forcesflange member 5 againstflange member 10, so it should be disposed on the support deck in these instances. - The motion of
closure mover 113 is similar toclosure mover 61. It translatesflange member 5 vertically upward and downward and also to and from the longitudinal centerline ofdrum 56. Its vertical motion can automatically and measurably tiltflange member 5 relative toflange member 10. - The vertical movement allows
flange member 5 to move relative to substantiallystationary vessel 56. This allowsflange member 5 to be lowered sufficiently such that it clearsconnector 62. Further, at least oneelevator 145 can be designed such as to forceflange member 5 againstvessel 56 with enough force to overcome the loads imposed onflange member 5 by the contents of thevessel 56. This force causes a sealing barrier between theflange member 5 andflange member vessel 56. -
Base 129 can be fixed or can swivel. This allowsflange member 5, resting on the closure mover, to move in arotational direction 147 aboutbase 129, as shown in FIG. 25. Disposed onbase 129 are a plurality ofsupport arms 131, which can be joined to at least onetable support 139. These elements form a table or surface for supporting the closure. - Each
support arm 131 has at least oneslot 132, interfacing a plurality ofrollers 133 adapted to roll about pins 136.Rollers 133 are hidden behindstabilizers 134. FIG. 26 gives a cutaway view ofrollers 133. A plurality of pins similar to 136 can be utilized to attached table supports 135 tostabilizers 134, throughslots 132. - A frame of reference is shown in FIG. 24 to facilitate the following discussion. The positive Z axis is out of page and the XZ and YZ planes are perpendicular to the page.
- The component forces and moments imposed on
rails 130, in the XY plane and/or YZ plane are reacted byrollers 142 that roll about pins 140.Rollers 142 hidden from view in FIG. 24 are shown best in FIG. 25 and FIG. 26.Rollers 142 are constrained in a plurality ofchannels 146 onrails 130. - The component forces and moments imposed on
rails 130 acting in the XZ plane are reacted byrollers 143, disposed onpins 141, atchannels 146.Pins pin face 144 that prevents them from rotating because they are fixed to table supports 135. - The component forces and moments imposed on
rails 130, reacted byrollers pins pins - The component forces and moments acting in the XY plane are transferred to
rollers 133 and pins 136.Rollers 133further interface slots 132 insupport arms 131 transferring these component forces and moments tobase 129. - The component forces and moments acting in the XZ plane and/or YZ plane are transferred to
rollers 133,stabilizers 134 and table supports 135 and further to supportarms 131 and tobase 129. -
Elevators 145 are shown in FIG. 26 in the lowered position. In an embodiment they are hydraulic cylinders attached betweenbase 129 and pins 136. Actuation ofelevators 145 vertically raises and lowers almost all parts comprisingclosure mover 113. Parts that do not move vertically are base 129, supportarms 131 and cross member(s) 139. - Downward vertical motion is controlled by the interaction of
rollers 133 at the bottom ofslots 132. Thus no motion limiting devices are required. - FIG. 24, FIG. 25 and FIG. 26
show closure mover 113 in a lowered position indicative of allowingflange member 5 toclear connector 62 as it is moved away from the longitudinal centerline ofvessel 56 byactuator 148. FIG. 27 and FIG. 28 show the opposite raised position ofclosure mover 113. FIG. 25 and FIG. 28 are substantially similar, as well as, FIG. 24 and FIG. 27. When the closure is disposed on the closure mover, the closure mover is powered to move to and fromvessel 56. - When flange
member 5 is lowered byclosure mover 113 it can then move relative to the longitudinal centerline ofvessel 56, thus clearing the hole in the bottom ofvessel 56 forflow 128 to pass. This can be accomplished by swivelingbase 129 or it can be activated byactuator 148. In an embodiment, actuator(s) 148 is a hydraulic motor that engagerails 130 in arack 149 andpinion 150 interface.Rack 149 andpinion 150 are disposed on top ofrails 130. However, when applied in practice, they may appear on the bottom ofrail 130 for cleanliness. FIG. 30 illustrates this motion whererails 130, currently undervessel 56 a, can be fully activated to extend undervessel 56 b, allowingclosure mover 113 to service more than one vessel, adding to the functionality. - The motion of
closure mover 113, to and from the longitudinal centerline ofvessel 56, produced by actuator(s) 148, is controlled bystops 153, thereby, no motion sensors are required. - When
vessels bases 129, supportarms 131 and table supports 135 together with all necessary rollers, pins and motors could interface rails 130. - Pins165
interface flange member 5 in a pin and box arrangement similar to that shown in FIG. 3. This arrangement alignsclosure mover 113 toflange member 5 and prevents it from sliding offclosure mover 113. -
Springs 154 are compressed level to the top ofrails 130 whenflange member closure mover 113 forces them together. In FIG. 24, FIG. 25 and FIG. 26,closure mover 113 is in the lowered position.Spring 154 is free to tiltflange member 5, thus controlling the magnitude and direction offlow 128. This function could also be actuated, but a lower number of remote controls uncomplicates the present invention. - In FIG. 24, FIG. 25 and FIG. 26
cams 151 are disengaged. Their function is more apparent whenclosure mover 113 is raised. The difference between FIG. 25 and FIG. 28 illustrates a further aspect. The upward vertical motion ofclosure mover 113 is used to automatically restrain and liberateflange member 5 at thehandle 166 to lock 161 interlocking interface. A benefit of this embodiment is thatlock 161 automatically restrainsflange member 5 to prevent it from tilting offrails 130, and automatically releases it whenclosure mover 113 positions it such thatclosing connector 62 captures it. This restraining and liberating nature is activated by the vertical motion ofclosure mover 113 and is performed automatically, without human intervention and avoiding human error that could damage anyone orclosure mover 113. This function could also be actuated, but a lower number of remote controls uncomplicates the present invention. - In FIG. 25,
flange member 5 is restrained because lock 16 l, biased byspring 163 to the restraining position, is in an interlocking position relative to handle 166 which is disposed on the bottom offlange member 5. In FIG. 28, the reverse released position is shown. Thus, lock 161 is retracted back farther away fromhandle 166. - When restrained
flange member 5 is raised byclosure mover 113 towardflange member 10,cam 151, closest to crossmember 139, makes contact with it at or about the time whenflange member 5 is in position for closing,connector 62 to capture it. Whencam 151 is engaged it causes thelock 161 farthest away from it to releaseflange member 5 for capture byconnector 62, as shown in FIG. 28.Cam 151 pivots aboutpin 152 disposed onstop 153. - Once
flange member 5 is locked tovessel 56 byconnector 62,closure mover 113 is lowered. When lowered, engagedcam 151 becomes disengaged, and springs 163advance locks 161 back to the restraining position. However, at thistime flange member 5 is now locked tovessel 56 and did not lower withclosure mover 113. If it had not been lock tovessel 56 it would have been restrained toclosure mover 113 bylock 161 as it was lowered. - Attached to
rods 156 arecollars 157, adjustably fixed torods 156 byset screws 158. Here,linkages 159 are rotated aboutpin 160 according to the motion ofrod 156.Linkages 159interface pins 161 in a slotted arrangement; whereby, they engagepins 161 only at thefar end 167.Linkages 159 also interfacecollars 157 in a slotted arrangement. - In FIG. 25,
support arms 131, rail supports 135,stabilizers 134 andelevators 145 are symmetric about rails 130. It is apparent thatrails 130 are adapted to service twovessels 56 becausespring 154,locks 161, stops 153,cams 151 and pins 165 are symmetric about the midlength ofrails 130. - FIG. 29, FIG. 30, FIG. 31 and FIG. 32 are substantially similar and illustrate
closure mover 113's relationship tovessel 56 a and/or 56 b.Connector 63 which interfacesflange member 78 in not shown in these figures for clarity. - In an shown in FIG. 29,
vessel 56 a is being prepared for decoking. Here,flange member 5 has been remotely liberated by expandedconnector 62 and is secured toclosure mover 113, which is tilting and loweringflange member 5 from the opening in the bottom ofvessel 56 a. The magnitude and direction offlow 128 of loose coke and quench water fromvessel 56 a is being controlled be the positioning offlange member 5. Variance in the position offlange member 5, produced by motion ofclosure mover 113, regulatesflow 128. -
Flow 128 is being directed toward a least onefloor plate 126, openly actuated byactuator 116. A plurality offloor plates 126 can be utilized to divertflow 128 downhole 112. - Remotely controlled movement, created by
actuators 148 in movingflange member 5 undervessel 56 a, has been stopped sincestop 153 made contact withcross member 139. - Referring to
vessel 56 b,flange member 5 is sealingly secure toflange member 10, disposed onvessel 56 b, by closed and lockedconnector 62. Restraininghandle 166 is disposed onflange member 5 and extends belowconnector 62. - Here,
exit chutes surface 107.Panel 127 is an access panel toservice actuator 116. - FIG. 30 illustrates the remotely controlled opening of one
floor plate 126 and the remotely controlled movement offlange member 5 andclosure mover 113 asactuators 148move rails 130 andflange member 5 away from the longitudinal centerline ofdrum 56 a, thereby clearing the hole in the bottom ofvessel 56 a. - In FIG. 31,
flange member 5 is moved back farther away fromvessel 56 to allow deployingexit chute 59 a to mate withflange member 10 dispose onvessel 56 a.Exit chute 59 a will be completely deployed, captured, aligned and locked tovessel 56 a as has been described in the foregoing disclosure. - Here, hinge
extensions 121 andcables 120 are actuated byactuators 116 to raiseexit chute 59 a. -
Connector 62 disposed aboutvessel 56 a is open to receiveexit chute 59 a.Connector 62 onvessel 56 a is closed and locked. - Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 32. FIG. 32 is substantially similar to FIG. 29. Here, another degree of freedom, added to
closure mover 113, allowsflange member 5 to swing indirection 168. This is accomplished by splittingsupport arms 131 into a plurality of pieces and hinging them together at hinges 170. Motion indirection 168 is remotely controlled by adapting at least oneactuator 169 betweenbase 129 and supportsarm 131 or between different pieces ofsupport arms 131. In this embodiment safety cables limit the motion indirection 168. - Referring to FIG. 33, an embodiment of inlet
pipe connecting system 72, in accordance with the present invention, is shown in the coking points closed) position. Thejoint connector 63 is substantially identical to the flange retaining clamp comprisingjoint connector 62 previously described in this disclosure. As previously mentioned, a embodiment includes a flange retaining clamp , where clamp segments are separated into a plurality of segments. Those of ordinary skilled in the art can appreciate the substantially identical embodiment ofjoint connector 63 as it relates toconnector 62 which connectsflange member 5 toflange member 10 at the drum bottom. Herein,connector 63 connectsinlet pipe 57 toconnector pipe 58.Joint connector 63 has a fastener, actuator, and flanged member to clamp member interface identical to thejoint connector 62 , although here, instead of connecting aflange member 5 to aflange member 10connector 62 connects twoflange members flange member 10. FIGS. 2-4 a equally apply to thejoint connector 63.Joint connectors joint connector 62 that are discussed further. Sinceconnectors - Alternatively,
clamp segments 7 could contain two segments with external lugs. Those skilled in the art can appreciate, due to the inlet piping joint's small size, raw material weight and, therefor, cost is reduced by producingclamp segments 7 as shaped forgings. The shaped forgings would consist of a segmented ring with integral external lugs.Passageways 23 terminate at reaction shoulders 31 and 32 formed on these external lugs. Theshoulders bolts 8 is reacted at theshoulders Connectors clamp segments 7 machined from a split ring forging without external lugs.Shoulders passageways -
Connector shoulders - The conical section of
vessel 56, shown in several figures, extending belowvessel support deck 105, undergoes significant thermal expansion between the decoking and coking process. The decoking process is a quenching process while the coking process is an extremely high temperature process (900 to 1000° F.). This thermal expansion drivesinlet pipe 57 closer to workingsurface 107. A mechanism to accommodate this expansion is needed thereto. - Referring to FIGS.33-35, a plurality of spring supports 79 are designed to support the weight of
inlet pipe 57 and thejoint connector 63. Spring supports 79 are adjustable in order to supply an adaptable balancing force.Supports 79 function to vertically alignflange members surface 107. Spring supports (not shown) could similarly be attached to the inlet piping to align the hub members in the horizontal plane. These supports would be rotated approximately 90° fromvertical supports 79. They would supply an adjustable centering force that horizontally aligns theflange members flange members flange member 77 with the drum sideflanged member 78 in the horizontal and vertical planes, such that these members could be reliably remotely joined by theconnector 63. The fine aligner shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 could be incorporated with the supports to further predict successful automatic alignment of theflange members - Referring to FIGS.33-35 and focusing on FIG. 35, supports 79 can be of any known useful construction that causes an adjustable balancing force to align
flange members rod 79 a, bearingmember 79 b, springs 79 c,spherical bearing member 79 d,spherical bearing member 79 e, attachment mechanism 79 f, andadjustment mechanism 79 g. Attachment mechanism 79 f joinsinlet pipe 57 to supports 79. The balancingforce supplying springs 79 c are confined by bearingmembers 79 b andspherical bearing members 79 d. The balancing force is adjusted by rotating threadedadjustment mechanism 79 g about threadedrod 79 a, compressing and decompressingsprings 79 c.Members spherical surfaces 79 h. The spherical surfaces reduce bending stress inmembers 79 a, when they pivot about the spherical surface. The pivoting occurs because of the movement of theinlet pipe 57, attached to attachment mechanism 79 f, relative tomembers 79 e, that are in turn attached to fixedsupport frame 80. The attachments allow disconnection of the attached members. -
Support frame 80 contains passageways sufficient to allowsupport rods 79 a to pass through it. The passageways are designed to allow sufficient clearance to account for any misalignment ofsupport rods 79 a with the corresponding passageways whensupport rods 79 a pivot aboutmembers 79 e.Support frame 80 acts as an anchor.Support frame 80 is designed to react the forces imparted into the frame bysupports 79 andactuator 85.Support frame 80 is tightened down to raisedpads 82 by threadedanchor bolts 83 firmly secured in workingsurface 107. -
Supports 79 are attached to retraction guider 84 by attachment frame 84 f and lugs 84 e. Pipe retraction guider 84 is securely fixed toinlet pipe 57 by fabrication or some other acceptable means. In an embodiment , pipe retraction guider 84 consists ofcollars 84 a,rods 84 b, rear stops 84 c, forward stops 84 d, lugs 84 e, and attachment frame 84 f. An attachment frame 84 f is a structural member rigidly fixing members 84 to each other and toinlet pipe 57. The attachment frame 84 f is fabricated to theinlet pipe 57 but can also be attached to theinlet pipe 57 by a removable fastener.Cylindrical rods 84 b travel incylindrical collars 84 a and impart movement into theinlet pipe 57. Forward stops 84 d andrear stops 84 c are adjustably attached torods 84 b. The rods are attached to clampsupport plate 74.Rods 84 b support the weight of thejoint connector 63 and guide its motion back and forth along theinlet pipe 57. This allows movement ofclamp segments 7, attached to clampsupport plate 74, and ofinlet pipe 57. This allows theinlet pipe 57 andconnector 63 to be moved towards or away fromconnector pipe 58. When moving away fromconnector pipe 58, theinlet pipe 57 andconnector 63 are moved away from the separation plane of theflanged members 77 on 78, thus exposing the flanged members' flanged hub ends 11. The motion allows theflange members 77 on 78 to move relative to one another, and to either seal a complete passageway or to break the completed passageway.Actuator 85, connected to clampsupport plate 74 at lugs 74 a and to thesupport frame 80, atattachment mechanism 85 a, serves to impart the motion into inletpipe connecting system 72 heretofore described.Actuator 85 is preferably remotely operable. -
Inlet pipe 57 andconnector 63 are driven by asingle actuator 85.Actuator 85 creates motion ofclamp segments 7 relative to theflange members flanged hub members actuator 85 is remotely actuated,rods 84 b travel back and forth incollars 84 a and, the weight toconnector 63 is supported byrods 84 b andcollars 84 a during the actuation. Forward stops 84 d andrear stops 84 c, adjustably attached torods 84 b, limit the motion of therods 84 b in thecollars 84 a.Inlet pipe 57 is moved back and forth byactuator 85 so as to control the magnitude ofclearance distance 86, shown in FIG. 34 - This
clearance distance 86 is required to disconnectinlet pipe 57 from thevessel 56 and, removeflange member 5 andconnector pipe 58 away from the bottom opening ofvessel 56. The magnitude ofclearance distance 86 becomes larger whenactuator 85 movesjoint connector 63 backwards until forward stops 84d contact collars 84 a, attached toinlet pipe 57. The stops 84 b cannot pass through thecollars 84 a. Continued movement of theactuator 85 is imparted toinlet pipe 57, thus increasingclearance distance 86. The magnitude ofclearance distance 86 becomes smaller whenconnector 63 is moved forward until rear stops 84 c are driven intocollars 84 a, thus drivinginlet pipe 57 forward. - Referring to FIGS.36-41, an embodiment of the drum-
top unheading system 90 is detailed. It comprisesconnector 88 that further comprises the same flange retaining clamp design as doesconnector 62 andconnector 63 described previously. -
Connector 88 has a fastener, actuator, and flanged member to clamp segment interface. These members are substantially identical to those ofjoint connector 62 .Joint connectors joint connector 88 that are discussed further. Since the twoconnectors - An embodiment of drum-
top unheading system 90 is shown in the plain view, FIG. 36, and in an elevation view, FIG. 37.Clamp segments 7, securely fastened bybolt members 8, are in the closed position, forcing a seal barrier to occur betweenflange member 91 and thetop flange adapter 92. The drum-top cover removal and replacement occurs by hingingflange member 91 to and fromvessel 56. It should be realized that other forms of removal and replacement are possible, such as slidingflange member 91, or using a crane-type device to lower and raiseflange member 91. It should also be noted that the cover need not be on the top ofvessel 56, but may be at any exterior surface ofvessel 56. - In an embodiment of the invention,
flange member 91 is pivoted abouttrunnion 93 byactuator 94.Actuator 94 movesflange member 91 from the coking position, FIG. 36 and FIG. 37 to the decoking position shown in FIG. 38 and FIG. 39.Flange member 91 is connected to theactuator 94 by arocker arms 95.Rocker arms 95 are preferably attached toflange member 91 by fabrication, but they can also be fastened together by any other secure fastening method, such as bolting.Actuator 94 is a front trunnion mounted hydraulic cylinder having male trunnions that interface withfemale trunnion sockets 96 machined into the end of therocker arms 95.Trunnion end plates 97 are fastened to the rocker arms by fasteners, thus securing theactuator 94 to therocker arms 95. When actuator 94 is activated,trunnion sockets 96 and the trunnions mounted to actuator 94 rotate relative to each other.Trunnion 93 is attached torocker arms 95 and rests intrunnion sockets 96 a.Trunnion 93 is held intrunnion sockets 96 a bytrunnion end plates 97 a.Trunnion 93 rotates relative to fixedtrunnion sockets 96 a that are machined into trunnion mounts 98. Trunnion mounts 98 are fabricated to clampsupport plate 74, thus fixingtrunnion 93's location with respect to the center of thetop flange adapter 92. This assures that theflange member 91 can be replaced to its original closed position, once hinged opened.Anchor plates 99, fabricated to clampsupport plate 7, haveholes 99 a to allow passage ofactuator pivot pin 94 a. However, it should be noted that several methods and means exist to actuate movement offlange member 91 and should be apparent to those skilled in the art. - The joint connector of the drum-
top unheading system 90 is opened by remotely activatingactuator 27 causingbolts 8 to stretch. This relieves the contact stress between clevis nuts 24 and lockingplates 33. This action allows remote activation ofactuator 41 to move lockingplates 33 into their open position as shown in FIG. 38 and FIG. 39 . When lockingplates 33 are clear from clevis nuts 24,actuators 27 moves theclamp segments 7 into their open position, shown in FIG. 38 and FIG. 39. When theclamp segments 7 are opened the male to female interface ofclamp segments 7 totop flange adapter 92 and drum-top flange member 91 is disengaged allowingflange member 91 to freely pivot abouttrunnion socket 96 a whenactuator 94 is remotely activated. - Referring to FIG. 37, the equipment above and including
clamp support plate 74 or attached to clampsupport plate 74 is a self-contained assembly which can be removed and replaced as an assembly. The assembly is fastened totop flange adapter 92 andtop flange 100 byfasteners 101. As shown is FIG. 38,support plate passageway 102 allows passage oftop adapter flange 92 when the aforementioned self-contained assembly is removed and replaced. - Referring to FIG. 38 and FIG. 39, an embodiment of drum-
top unheading system 90 is shown in the plan view, FIG. 38, and elevation view, FIG. 39. Drum-top unheading system 90 is shown in the open position. Drum-top flange member 91 is hinged into a open vertical position byactuator 94. Remote activation of theactuator 94, pivotally attached to therocker arms 95, causesrocker arms 95 andflange member 91 to rotate from a horizontal to a vertical position. -
Material 64, which will be removed fromvessel 56, is visible throughvessel hole 92 a.Flange member 91 is cleared away fromdrum hole 92 a.Clamp segments 7 are in an open position, allowingdrilling head flange 104 to be lowered onto thetop flange adapter 92. - FIG. 40 illustrates a unique apparatus for the insertion of a tool into the vessel and for the sealing and operation of the tool within the vessel. The tool inserted into the vessel is sealed against the external enviroment and works within the vessel.
- In FIG. 40, a
drilling head flange 104 anddrill bit 103, as shown with phantom lines, are lowered toward thedrum hole 92 a (shown in FIG. 38 ) asdrill stem 89 is lowered. Asdrill bit 103, attached todrill stem 89, entersvessel 56 throughdrum hole 92 a,drilling head flange 104, resting ondrill bit 103, makes contact withtop flange adapter 92.Drilling head flange 104 cannot pass throughdrum hole 92 a, and it separates fromdrill bit 103.Drill bit 103 continues its decent intovessel 56 throughdrum hole 92 a.Drilling head flange 104 has aflange hub end 11 and make-upshoulder clamp segments 7 to securedrilling head flange 104 totop flange adapter 92. This is in turn fastened tovessel 56. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 illustrate alignment configurations that can be included ondrilling head flange 104 andtop flange adapter 92 that would assist in alignment. FIG. 40 shows clampsegments 7 closed ontotop flange adapter 92 anddrilling head flange 104 as thedrill stem 89 passes through drum-top unheading system 90. -
Drill stem 89 has tag marks 89 a that allow an operator to identify the location of thedrill bit 103 invessel 56. Oncevessel 56 is emptied ofmaterial 64, tag marks 89 a identify the location ofdrill bit 103 relative to thetop flange adapter 92. This allows an operator to openclamp segments 7 asdrill bit 103 ascends. - When
clamp segments 7 are opened,drill bit 103 is slowly raised until it contacts drillinghead flange 104, liftingdrilling head flange 104 up and away fromtop flange adapter 92. Whendrill bit 103 anddrilling head flange 104 are sufficiently raised and clear from drum-top flange member 91, remotely activatedactuator 94 pivots drum-top flange member 91 intotop flange adapter 92 so that remotely activatedactuators 27 can closeclamp segments 7, securing drum-top flange member 91 totop flange adapter 92, which closesvessel 56. - While illustrating a drill, one skilled in the art will realize that any type of tool can be inserted into the vessel and operated remotely while the vessel is sealed to the external enviroment. Gas detection devices, mixing devices, heating units, cooling units, or any such device can be substituted for the drill in the preceeding discussion.
- The drum-
top unheading system 90, herein disclosed, is connected tovessel 56 via atop flange adapter 92. In new installationstop flange adapter 92 will not be used. This adaptor allows retrofit of prior art manually bolted flanges. - Referring to FIG. 41, an embodiment of
drilling head flange 104 is detailed.Drilling head flange 104 consists oftop segment 104 a,bottom segment 104 b,fasteners 104 c, anddrilling head rubber 104 d. When tightened,fasteners 104 c, tend to close gap 104 f forcingdrilling head rubber 104 d into a frusta-conical surface 104 e inbottom segment 104 b.Drilling head rubber 104 d is pliable and molded into the annulus created by the outside diameter ofdrill stem 89 and the frusta-conical surface 104 e. This acts as a seal barrier, isolatingvessel 56's internal environment from its external environment.Drilling head flange 104 is easily secured totop flange adapter 92 whenclamp segments 7 close onto theflanged hub end 11. -
Drill bit 103 cannot pass throughbottom segment 104 b. Therefor, to assembledrilling head flange 104 ontodrill stem 89,drill stem 89 anddrill bit 103 are detached,drill stem 89 is passed throughdrilling head flange 104 and reattached todrill stem 89. - When drilling
head rubber 104 d is worn it must be replaced. To replacedrilling head rubber 104 d,drilling head flange 104 is removed fromdrill stem 89 andfasteners 104 c are loosened so thattop segment 104 a can be separated frombottom segment 104 b.Drilling head rubber 104 d is then removed and replaced. - Returning attention back to the flange retain clamp which comprises
connectors heat transfer system 175. In many applications, manual and remotely operated, connectors are subject to severe thermal transients. Connectors subject to thermal transients affect a very complex science in and of itself. Millions of dollars have been spent on analysis and the subsequent application to practice of connectors designed to handle the effects of severe thermal transients. Routinely, most operators expecting severe thermal transients, expect increased cost and they eliminate connectors altogether. They join elements forming conduits in a more permanent fashion. In many applications, however, connectors must be present and, therefor are subject to severe thermal transients. - Thermal transients take two forms, heatup relative to time, and cooldown relative to time. Each form presents different problems. In a typical connector, at least two elements are conduit elements (“conduits”) adapted to retain a substance, which commonly is the genesis of the thermal transient. Other elements of the connector (“preloading elements”) are adapted to engage the conduits creating seal integrity.
- Due to the fact that the conduits are generally the first boundaries exposed to the thermal transient, they tend to differentially expand and contract relative to the preloading elements. To further complicate this matter separate conduit elements and separate preloading elements may be comprised of dissimilar materials, which differentially expand or contract when subject to the same temperature. Insulating some or all elements is a further complication.
- Usually, in a severe heatup transient the conduit elements expand more than the preloading elements. This substantially expands the conduits, which are restrained by slightly expanding preloading elements, causing increased structural stress in the connector. The opposite is true in a severe cooldown transient. Here, the conduits contract more than the preloading elements reducing seal integrity and posing fatigue concerns.
- Those skilled in the art will realize the benefits of this embodiment and its novelty as it relates to solving thermal transient concerns related to connectors.
- An embodiment solves thermal transient concerns related to connectors simply and cost effectively. Here the present invention transfers heat to and from elements comprising the connector to offset the effect of the thermal transient, using just a small valve and tubing.
- An embodiment as applied to cokers and shown in FIG. 42 illustrates the nature of the a connector
heat transfer system 175. Here, a connectorheat transfer system 175 comprisesinlet pipe 75, coil 174,conduit 172,baffle 171 andoutlet pipe 76. Here,vessel 56 has been coking at high temperature for a number of hours filling up withcoke 64 and a quench cycle is imminent before preparing it for decoking. - The primary function of connector
heat transfer system 175 is to coolclamp segments 7 relative toflange member shocking clamp segments 7. The result of the controlled cooling ofclamp segments 7 is increased preload onflange member segment fastening devices 55, which normally produce the increased preload. Clampsegment fastening devices 55 are relatively insensitive to this precooling. - This is accomplished by opening of a small valve (not shown) allowing flow of an normally ambient temperature substance through
inlet pipe 75 and around coil 174. Sincevessel 56 is radiating heat at this time, the substance in coil 174 will elevate to a designed temperature, relatively lower than the temperature ofclamp members 7. This substance then exists coil 174 and entersconduit 172 formed by barrier 173 and the inside profile ofclamp segments 7. Heat will be dissipated from the volume ofclamp segment 7,adjacent conduit 172, as the substance inconduit 172 takes on its heat and exitsoutlet pipe 76. Baffle(s) 171 direct the flow inconduit 172. - As the inside center volume of
clamp segments 7 cools it contracts, resulting in increase clamp to flange preload. Connectorheat transfer system 175 can be used as a prophylactic solution to a short term severe quench cycle. Here, connectorheat transfer system 175 would be initiated prior to the quenching of the conduits (flange members 5 and 10). It will precool and contract the volume of the preloading elements (clamp segments 7) prior to the contraction of the conduits, maintaining seal integrity throughout the quench cycle. This is beneficial because it produces high closing force between the conduits and preloading elements, without vaulting the size of their constituent elements. - Prior to an opposite severe heatup transient, the preloading elements could be preheated preventing excess structural stress and, thereby increasing the life of the connector.
- This embodiment could not only address a quench cycle, it could be used to force a leaking connector to seal off. Routinely, a leaking connector is sealed off by physically tightening its preloading elements. Here, the preloading elements are thermally tightened. Varying the number and location of inlets, outlets and baffles can produce a differential preloading effect if desired.
- A monitoring system could sense changing upstream conditions, recognize an eminent heatup or cooldown transient and automatically initiate a connector heat transfer system to prepare the connector.
- The flange retaining clamp design of the present invent is especially suited for a connector
heat transfer system 175 because it can be incorporated into its design at low cost. It will be adapted to address the magnitude change of thegap 36 betweenclamp segments 7 by applying an overlapping conduit section. This overlapping section will also divertflow 128 away from clampsegment fastening devices 55, resulting in increased reliability. - A connector heat transfer embodiment can be designed for any type of connector including a standard bolted flange. It will be designed to regulate the relative temperature of the preloading elements to the conduits or visa versa. Those skilled in the art will realize that this embodiment will take on many forms as connector types and conditions change.
- Those skilled in the art would site many examples where this embodiment could significant reduce the cost of construction.
- Any of the aforementioned embodiments can be combined in part or full. A joint connector, other than describe herein, could also be use with the other embodiments of the present disclosed in this document, and any type of flange mover could be used with the flange retaining clamps describe herein.
- The aforementioned embodiments can be adapted to be remotely operable. They will also be adapted for manual operation is case of failure of remote operation.
- Having described the invention above, various modifications of the techniques, procedures, material and equipment will be apparent to those in the art. It is intended that all such variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims be embraced thereby.
Claims (20)
1. A system for operating a vessel comprising:
at least one closure transport for removing a vessel closure from an opening in the vessel, the closure transport remotely operable;
at least one joint connector for sealing or unsealing the vessel, the joint connector remotely operable;
at least one removal system for allowing material to be emptied from the vessel, the removal system remotely operable.
2. A clamping system comprising:
a plurality of clamp segments, the clamp segments movable from a first position to a second position and vice versa, whereby the clamping apparatus is put into an open state when the clamp segments are in the first position, and put into a closed, clamping state when the clamp segments are in the second position;
wherein the clamping segments have an energized state when storing energy and a free state when not storing energy, the energized state being associated with either the first position or second position, and the free state being associated with the other;
the clamp segments adapted for and conjoined by segment fasteners, the segment fasteners comprised of segment fastener elements, the segment fasteners adapted to be lockable for storing energy within the clamp segments;
the clamp segments conjoined such that the failure of any single segment fastener elements will not unconjoin the clamp segments or cause failure of the apparatus;
one or more actuable powered drive members for applying energy to the clamp segments and adapted to energize the segment fasteners,
the drive members operable from a location separated by distance from the apparatus.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is adapted to interface at least one structural unit.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the structural unit is a coke drum or joined to a coke drum.
5. An apparatus for closing and sealing a vessel, the vessel having an opening, the apparatus comprising:
a clamping device comprising:
a plurality of clamp segments, the clamp segments movable from a first position to a second position and vice versa, whereby the clamping apparatus is put into an open state when the clamp segments are in the first position, and put into a closed, clamping state when the clamp segments are in the second position;
wherein the clamping segments have an energized state when storing energy and a free state when not storing energy, the energized state being associated with either the first position or second position, and the free state being associated with the other;
the clamp segments adapted for and conjoined by segment fasteners, the segment fasteners comprised of segment fastener elements, the segment fasteners adapted to be lockable for storing energy within the clamp segments;
the clamp segments conjoined such that the failure of any single segment fastener elements will not unconjoin the clamp segments or cause failure of the apparatus;
one or more actuable powered drive members for applying energy to the clamp segments and adapted to energize the segment fasteners,
the drive members operable from a location separated by distance from the apparatus; and
a vessel closure adapted to fit the clamping unit, for sealing the vessel opening when the clamping unit is engaged in the first closed position.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 farther comprising:
a vessel penetrating tool adapted for placement within the vessel through the vessel opening;
whereby the vessel penetrating tool is adapted to seal the vessel when the clamping unit is engaged in the closed position.
7. An apparatus for guiding material from a vessel comprising:
a working surface having a surface opening;
at least one opening cover at least partially covering the surface opening and movably attached to the working surface;
a chute movably stored on a side of the working surface opposite the vessel when in an undeployed position;
an actuator, connected to the chute, for moving the chute from the undeployed position to a deployed position, and vice versa, wherein the chute forms a passage from an opening in the vessel through the surface opening,
whereby the deploying and undeploying of the chute deploys and decommissions the opening covering.
8. An apparatus for guiding material from a vessel comprising:
a working surface having a surface opening;
a chute movably stored on a side of the working surface opposite the vessel when in an undeployed position;
at least one opening cover at least partially covering the surface opening and movably attached to the working surface;
an actuator, connected to the opening cover, for moving the opening cover to and away from the surface opening,
whereby the moving of the opening cover transitions the chute from the undeployed position to a deployed position, and vice versa, wherein the chute forms a passage from an opening in the vessel through the surface opening.
9. An apparatus for guiding material from a vessel comprising:
a chute;
one or more cords adapted to be attached to the chute for deploying or undeploying the chute;
one or more actuators for applying a force to the chute for either deploying or undeploying the chute.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising:
a deck containing an aperture, whereby the chute is able to translate through the aperture upon being deployed or undeployed by the actuator;
at least one floor plate movingly attached to the deck and positioned to at least partially cover the aperture;
whereby the deploying and undeploying of the chute opens and closes, respectively, the floor plate.
11. An apparatus for guiding material from a vessel comprising:
a chute;
one or more actuators for applying a force to the chute, whereby the force either deploys or undeploys the chute;
a working surface containing an aperture, whereby the chute is able to translate through the aperture upon being deployed and undeployed by the actuator;
at least one floor plate movingly attached to the deck and positioned to at least partially cover the aperture;
whereby the deploying and undeploying of the chute opens and closes, respectively, the floor plate.
12. An apparatus for guiding material from a vessel comprising:
a chute;
a working surface containing an aperture, whereby the chute is able to translate through the aperture;
one or more floor supports movingly attached to the working surface and positioned over the aperture;
one or more actuators for applying a force to the floor supports, whereby the force moves the floor supports relative to the working surface;
the floor supports connected to the chute, whereby the movement of the floor supports deploys or undeploys the exit chute from the aperture.
13. An apparatus for guiding material from a vessel, the apparatus comprising:
a working surface having an opening;
a plurality of overlapping remotely operable floor plates at least partially covering the opening and movingly attached to the working surface;
an actuator for remotely opening and closing the floor plates, whereby when the floor plates are opened the floor plates create a diversion barrier for a flow of material from the vessel.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the opened floor plates form a passageway for material to pass between the vessel and the working surface.
15. An apparatus for removing a closure from a vessel, the apparatus comprising:
a table for supporting the closure;
a movement mechanism attached to the table for moving the table;
a guiding mechanism for guiding the table to and from the vessel.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 the table further comprising:
a restraint for restraining and securing the closure to the table.
17. An apparatus to connect or disconnect a first and second structural unit, both structural units having flanged hub ends and longitudinal axes, the apparatus comprising:
a clamping device for securing the first structural unit and the second structural unit;
a clamp mover attached to the clamping device and movingly attached to the first structural unit for translating the clamping device substantially along the longitudinal axis of the first structural unit;
an aligner, attached to the first structural unit and the clamping device, whereby the aligner aligns the clamping device with the first structural unit in a position whereby the clamping device will capture and secure the first structural unit.
18. An apparatus to connect or disconnect a first and second structural unit, both structural units having flanged hub ends and longitudinal axes, the apparatus comprising:
a clamping device for securing the first structural unit and the second structural unit;
a clamp mover attached to the clamping device and movingly attached to the first structural unit for translating the clamping device substantially along the longitudinal axis of the first structural unit;
an aligner, attached to the first structural unit and the clamping device, whereby the aligner aligns the clamping device with the second structural unit in a position whereby the clamping device will capture and secure the second structural unit.
19. An apparatus to transfer heat to or from a preloading mechanism in a joint connector, the apparatus comprising:
a heat transfer medium source thermally connected to the preloading mechanism;
a heat transfer medium transfer mechanism to transfering a heat transfer medium to the preloading mechanism,
thereby heating or cooling the preloading mechanism.
20. An apparatus for connecting a first and second structural unit comprising:
a joint connector for connecting the first and second structural unit;
a heat transfer medium source thermally connected to the joint connector;
a transfer mechanism for transfering a heat transfer medium from the heat transfer medium source to the joint connector,
whereby heat transfer between the heat transfer medium and the joint connector produces an actuating force for connecting or disconnecting the first and second structural units.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/814,211 US20020020619A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2001-03-22 | Remotely operable pressure vessel system |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/932,419 US6022454A (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1997-09-17 | Remotely operable pressure vessel system |
US09/397,174 US6423188B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1999-09-16 | Method and apparatus of controlling loose material that exits a coke drum |
US09/814,211 US20020020619A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2001-03-22 | Remotely operable pressure vessel system |
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US09/397,174 Continuation US6423188B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1999-09-16 | Method and apparatus of controlling loose material that exits a coke drum |
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US20020020619A1 true US20020020619A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
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US08/932,419 Expired - Fee Related US6022454A (en) | 1997-02-03 | 1997-09-17 | Remotely operable pressure vessel system |
US09/397,174 Expired - Fee Related US6423188B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1999-09-16 | Method and apparatus of controlling loose material that exits a coke drum |
US09/814,211 Abandoned US20020020619A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2001-03-22 | Remotely operable pressure vessel system |
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US08/932,419 Expired - Fee Related US6022454A (en) | 1997-02-03 | 1997-09-17 | Remotely operable pressure vessel system |
US09/397,174 Expired - Fee Related US6423188B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1999-09-16 | Method and apparatus of controlling loose material that exits a coke drum |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7534326B1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2009-05-19 | Conocophillipcs Company | Coke drum bottom unheading system |
US10109734B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2018-10-23 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Semiconductor device comprising a transistor |
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SE517184C2 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-07 | Plymovent Ab | Safety coupling and exhaust gas extractor with such a safety coupling |
US6808602B2 (en) * | 2001-04-25 | 2004-10-26 | Conocophillips Company | Coke drum bottom head removal system |
WO2003040260A1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-05-15 | Fluor Corporation | Safety lock for boltless closures |
DE102004031911C8 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2015-09-10 | Hydrokomp Hydraulische Komponenten Gmbh | Coupling system and valve plate assembly for the transmission of liquid and / or gaseous media |
CA2625479A1 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-12 | Car-Ber Investments Inc. | Pipe testing tool with magnetic clamps |
US8573655B2 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2013-11-05 | Car-Ber Investments Inc. | Pipe sealing tool with external clamp |
US8657255B2 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2014-02-25 | Honeywell International Inc. | Aircraft valve assemblies including clamp-specific baulking tab arrays and methods for the manufacture thereof |
CN111702412A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-09-25 | 安徽帮德电气有限公司 | Manufacturing method of pressure container |
CN117160361B (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-23 | 蓬莱禄昊化工机械有限公司 | Vertical multifunctional hastelloy reaction kettle |
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US7534326B1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2009-05-19 | Conocophillipcs Company | Coke drum bottom unheading system |
US10109734B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2018-10-23 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Semiconductor device comprising a transistor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6423188B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
US6022454A (en) | 2000-02-08 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |