US20020014110A1 - Laboratory asphalt stability test and apparatus - Google Patents
Laboratory asphalt stability test and apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020014110A1 US20020014110A1 US09/332,626 US33262699A US2002014110A1 US 20020014110 A1 US20020014110 A1 US 20020014110A1 US 33262699 A US33262699 A US 33262699A US 2002014110 A1 US2002014110 A1 US 2002014110A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- asphalt
- testing
- container
- vessel
- steps
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/42—Road-making materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the testing of asphalt and more specifically to a laboratory asphalt stability test which is able to more thoroughly test the stability of modified asphalt binder than that of the prior art.
- the primary objective of the present invention is to provide a laboratory asphalt stability test which simulates the condition of modified asphalt binder under field conditions by including the effects of agitation and more closely simulating thermal treatment.
- an asphalt stability testing vessel includes a container, an external heater, an internal heater, an agitator assembly, a temperature controller, and at least one sampling tube.
- the external heater is disposed on the outside surface area of the container.
- the external heater is surrounded by a thermal insulator such as fiberglass.
- the internal heater is located inside the container and at substantially the bottom thereof.
- a plurality of baffles are disposed vertically in the container.
- the agitator includes a motor, a shaft, and at least one propeller.
- the shaft is pivotally mounted to the top and bottom of the container.
- a motor is mounted to the top of the container and drives the shaft which has at least one propeller attached thereto.
- the temperature of the sample may be maintained by the temperature controller.
- the temperature controller is used to control the thermal output of the internal and external heaters.
- the top of the container has at least one opening for the insertion of a sampling tube.
- the asphalt stability testing vessel is used to prepare modified asphalt binder for numerous stability tests.
- the stability test is started by heating preferably one quart of modified asphalt binder to 165 degrees celsius.
- the sampling tubes are pre-heated in an oven.
- the heated modified asphalt binder is poured into the asphalt stability testing vessel.
- the sampling tubes are used to extract numerous samples from the top and bottom thirds of the container after the temperature therein has stabilized to 165 degrees celsius.
- the contents of the sampling tubes are placed into a plurality of silicon molds.
- the samples are then tested with preferably a dynamic shear rheometer. Other types of rheometers may be used.
- the complex shear modulus (G*) is the ratio calculated by dividing the absolute value of the peak-to-peak shear stress by the absolute value of the peak-to-peak strain.
- the phase angle ( ⁇ ) is the angle in radians or degrees, between a sinusoidally applied strain and the resultant sinusoidal stress in a controlled-strain testing mode, or between the applied stress and the resultant strain in a controlled-stress testing mode.
- a sample experiences separation after external heat without agitation, a new sample is internally heated and subjected to high agitation. If separation occurs, the binder is not stable. If no separation occurs, a new sample is subjected to degradation analysis. If no degradation occurs, a new sample is internally heated without agitation. If separation occurs, the binder is stable only at high agitation. If no separation occurs, the binder is stable at minimum agitation.
- Microscopic evaluation may also be used to determine the amount of separation in the asphalt in the top or bottom thirds of the container. Under microscopic evaluation, polymer material is brighter than asphalt material. One way of determining separation is to compare the bright polymer spots in the top sample to that of the bottom sample. If the top sample or bottom sample has more bright polymer spots than the other sample, separation has occurred. If the amount of bright polymer spots is the same in the top and bottom samples, no separation has occurred.
- Some other properties which are useful in analyzing asphalt samples are loss shear modulus, storage shear modulus, engineering strain, failure stress, failure strain, flexural creep stiffness, flexural creep compliance, logarithmic creep, and viscosity.
- Loss shear modulus is the ratio calculated by dividing the absolute value of the peak-to-peak shear stress, by the absolute value of the peak-to-peak shear strain.
- Storage shear modulus is the complex shear modulus multiplied by the cosine of the phase angle expressed in degrees. It represents the in-phase component of the complex modulus that is a measure of the energy stored during a loading cycle.
- Engineering strain refers to the axial strain resulting from the application of a tensile load and calculated as the change in length caused by the application of the tensile load divided by the original unloaded length of the specimen without any correction for reduction in cross-section.
- Failure stress is the tensile stress on the test specimen when the load reaches a maximum value during the test method specified in a particular standard.
- Failure strain is the tensile strain corresponding to the failure stress.
- Flexural creep stiffness is the ratio obtained by dividing the maximum bending stress in the bending beam rheometer by the maximum bending stress.
- Flexural creep compliance is the ratio obtained by dividing the maximum bending strain in the bending beam rheometer by the maximum bending stress.
- Logarithmic creep (m value) is the absolute slope of the logarithm of the stiffness curve versus the logarithm of time.
- Viscosity is the resistance to flow of a liquid substance.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a asphalt stability test vessel in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the complete laboratory asphalt stability test in accordance with the present invention.
- the asphalt stability test vessel 1 includes a container 10 , an external heater 12 , an internal heater 14 , an agitator assembly 16 , a temperature controller 15 , and at least one sampling tube 18 .
- the external heater 12 is disposed on the outside surface area of the container 10 .
- the external heater 12 is surrounded by a thermal insulator 20 such as fiberglass.
- the internal heater 14 is preferably disposed inside the container and at substantially the bottom thereof.
- the internal heater 14 may also be located in any area such that the asphalt is heated satisfactorily.
- a plurality of baffles 22 extend vertical downward from a top 11 of the container 10 .
- the agitator assembly 16 includes a motor 24 , a shaft 26 , and at least one propeller 28 .
- the shaft 16 is pivotally mounted to the top 11 and a bottom 13 of the container 10 .
- the motor 24 is mounted to the top 11 of the container 10 and drives the shaft 26 which has at least one propeller 28 attached thereto.
- the speed of the motor 24 is preferably adjustable.
- the top 11 of the container 10 has an opening for the insertion of a temperature probe 17 .
- the temperature controller 15 is mounted to the top 11 of the container.
- the temperature probe 17 extends downward from the temperature controller 15 and is preferably disposed in substantially the middle of the container 10 .
- the top 11 of the container 10 has at least one opening for the insertion of the sampling tube 18 .
- the sampling tube 18 includes a tube 30 and a bulb 32 . To obtain a sample of modified asphalt binder from the container 10 , the sampling tube 18 is inserted into the container 10 and the bulb 32 is squeezed. A small amount of asphalt will be held by in the tube 30 for testing.
- a sampling tube exists for taking samples of the modified asphalt binder at substantially the top of the container 10 and also at substantially the bottom of the container 10 .
- the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 is a specially designed lab version of a production asphalt storage tank. Instead of having a 20,000 gallon capacity, the container 10 has a preferable capacity of approximately 1 quart.
- the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 has internal heating, external heating, and at least one mixing propeller similar to the production unit.
- the asphalt stability testing vessel has at least one propeller which is rotated at preferably 2,100 rpm for high agitation testing.
- the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 is used to prepare modified asphalt binder for numerous stability tests.
- the stability test is started by heating preferably one quart of modified asphalt binder to a temperature of 165 degrees celsius.
- the sampling tubes are pre-heated in an oven to a temperature of 165 degrees celsius.
- the bulb 32 is removed from the tube 30 before pre-heating and added when sampling is conducted.
- the external heater 12 of the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 is turned on such that a temperature of 165 degrees celsius is maintained utilizing the temperature controller 15 .
- a temperature of 165 degrees celsius is maintained utilizing the temperature controller 15 .
- one quart of heated modified asphalt binder is poured into the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 .
- timing is started.
- the top and bottom thirds of the vessel are twice sampled with the sampling tube 18 . Sampling occurs at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after temperature stabilization.
- the contents of the sampling tube 18 are discharged into silicon molds.
- the samples are then removed from the silicon molds and placed into a rheometer.
- the complex shear modulus (G*) and the phase angle ( ⁇ ) are tested by the rheometer.
- the complex shear modulus (G*) of the top sample is divided by the complex shear modulus (G*) of the bottom sample for time periods 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 24 hours.
- the phase angle ( ⁇ ) of the top sample is divided by the phase angle ( ⁇ ) of the bottom sample for time periods 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 24 hours. If any G* Ratio of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours exceeds 1.2 or falls below 0.8, separation has occurred. If any 6 Ratio of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 exceeds 1.2 or falls below 0.8, separation has occurred. If separation occurs, a new sample is tested utilizing the internal heating and high agitation of the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 in box 36 . If no separation occurs, the values obtained in box 34 are subjected to degradation analysis in box 38 .
- Degradation is determined by calculating complex shear modulus (G*) and the phase angle ( ⁇ ) ratios.
- G* initial average of the top and bottom samplings at 0 hours.
- G* top average of the two samplings taken at each sampling time 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours.
- G* bot average of the two samplings taken at each sampling time 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours.
- ⁇ initial average of the top and bottom samplings at 0 hours.
- ⁇ top average of the two samplings taken at each sampling time 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours.
- ⁇ bot average of the two samplings taken at each sampling time 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours.
- the internal heater 14 of the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 is turned on such that a temperature of 165 degrees celsius is maintained using the temperature controller 15 .
- the propellers of the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 rotate at a preferable speed of 2100 rpm.
- one quart of heated modified asphalt binder is poured into the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 .
- timing is started.
- the top and bottom thirds of the vessel are twice sampled with a sampling tube 18 . Sampling occurs at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after temperature stabilization.
- the contents of the sampling tube are discharged into silicon molds.
- the samples are then removed from the silicon molds and placed into a rheometer.
- the complex shear modulus (G*) and the phase angle ( ⁇ ) are test by the rheometer.
- the values of complex shear modulus and phase angle obtained in box 40 are subjected to degradation analysis similar to that disclosed in box 38 . If no degradation occurs, the binder is stable. If degradation occurs, a new test is conducted in box 42 . The test in box 42 is similar to the test in box 40 with the exception that the propeller does not rotate. New samples are extracted at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours and tested utilizing a rheometer. Next, the values of complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle ( ⁇ ) obtained in box 42 are subjected to degradation analysis similar to that of box 38 . If degradation occurs the binder is not stable. If no degradation occurs binder is stable only with minimum agitation.
- the values of complex shear modulus and phase angle obtained in box 36 are subjected to separation analysis. If separation has occurred after box 36 , the binder is not stable. If no separation has occurred after box 36 , the values obtained in box 36 are subjected to degradation analysis in box 44 . If no degradation occurs, new samples are taken in box 46 after being subjected to internal heating without agitation. The values obtained in box 46 are subjected to separation analysis. If separation has occurred, the binder is stable only at high agitation. If no separation has occurred, the binder is stable with minimum agitation.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Working-Up Tar And Pitch (AREA)
Abstract
An asphalt stability testing vessel includes a container, an external heater, an internal heater, an agitator assembly, a temperature controller, and at least one sampling tube. The external heater is disposed on the outside surface area of the container. The external heater is surrounded by a thermal insulator. The internal heater is located inside the container and at substantially the bottom thereof. The agitator includes a motor, a shaft, and at least one propeller. The top of the container has at least one opening for the insertion of a sampling tube. The asphalt stability testing vessel is used to prepare modified asphalt binder for numerous stability tests. The tests include external heat without agitation, internal heat with high agitation, and internal heat without agitation. The values of complex shear modulus and phase angle obtained from the modified asphalt binder are analyzed for separation and degradation.
Description
- [0001] This invention was made with United States government support awarded by the following agencies:
- [0002] National Cooperative Hwy Research Program, Grant No: NCHRP 9-10
- [0003] Federal Highway Administration, Grant No.: DTFH61-95-C-00055 The United States has certain rights in this invention.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates generally to the testing of asphalt and more specifically to a laboratory asphalt stability test which is able to more thoroughly test the stability of modified asphalt binder than that of the prior art.
- 2. Discussion of the Prior Art
- At present, the most common method for testing asphalt stability is accomplished through the use of the cigar tube test. A cigar type tube is filed with modified asphalt binder and sealed. The sealed cigar type tube is heated in an oven to 163 degrees Celsius for 2 days. The sealed cigar type tube is then frozen and cut into three sections. The top and bottom sections are heated to 163 degrees Celsius for standard testing. A drawback to the cigar tube test is that it does not take agitation of the modified asphalt binder into account. In the field modified asphalt binder is mixed before it is applied. Further, the thermal history of the modified asphalt binder is altered by freezing.
- Other asphalt test methods utilize molecular analysis to determine stability. However, these methods are difficult to perform in the field because of their complexity and high cost. They also fail to account for the effects of agitation of the modified asphalt binder.
- Accordingly, there is a clearly felt need in the art for a laboratory asphalt stability test which simulates the condition of modified asphalt binder under field conditions by including the effects of agitation and more closely simulating thermal treatment.
- The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a laboratory asphalt stability test which simulates the condition of modified asphalt binder under field conditions by including the effects of agitation and more closely simulating thermal treatment.
- According to the present invention, an asphalt stability testing vessel includes a container, an external heater, an internal heater, an agitator assembly, a temperature controller, and at least one sampling tube. The external heater is disposed on the outside surface area of the container. The external heater is surrounded by a thermal insulator such as fiberglass. The internal heater is located inside the container and at substantially the bottom thereof. A plurality of baffles are disposed vertically in the container. The agitator includes a motor, a shaft, and at least one propeller. The shaft is pivotally mounted to the top and bottom of the container. A motor is mounted to the top of the container and drives the shaft which has at least one propeller attached thereto. The temperature of the sample may be maintained by the temperature controller. The temperature controller is used to control the thermal output of the internal and external heaters. The top of the container has at least one opening for the insertion of a sampling tube.
- The asphalt stability testing vessel is used to prepare modified asphalt binder for numerous stability tests. The stability test is started by heating preferably one quart of modified asphalt binder to 165 degrees celsius. The sampling tubes are pre-heated in an oven. The heated modified asphalt binder is poured into the asphalt stability testing vessel. The sampling tubes are used to extract numerous samples from the top and bottom thirds of the container after the temperature therein has stabilized to 165 degrees celsius. The contents of the sampling tubes are placed into a plurality of silicon molds. The samples are then tested with preferably a dynamic shear rheometer. Other types of rheometers may be used.
- The complex shear modulus (G*) is the ratio calculated by dividing the absolute value of the peak-to-peak shear stress by the absolute value of the peak-to-peak strain. The phase angle (δ) is the angle in radians or degrees, between a sinusoidally applied strain and the resultant sinusoidal stress in a controlled-strain testing mode, or between the applied stress and the resultant strain in a controlled-stress testing mode.
- If either the complex shear modulus (G*) or the phase angle (δ) in either the top or bottom samples differ by more than 20 percent, separation has occurred; new samples are tested utilizing the internal heater and high agitation in the asphalt stability testing vessel. If the complex shear modulus (G*) or the phase angle (δ) in either the top or bottom samples differ by less than 20 percent, no separation has occurred. If no separation occurs, the values of the top and bottom samples are averaged together and plugged into a degradation equation. If the ratio of the degradation equation is greater than 1.2 or less than 0.8, degradation has occurred; the binder is unstable. If degradation has not occurred a new sample is internally heated and subjected to high agitation, if no degradation has occurred; the binder is stable. If degradation has occurred, a new sample is internally heated without agitation. If degradation occurs, the binder is not stable. If no degradation occurs then the binder is stable only with minimum agitation.
- If a sample experiences separation after external heat without agitation, a new sample is internally heated and subjected to high agitation. If separation occurs, the binder is not stable. If no separation occurs, a new sample is subjected to degradation analysis. If no degradation occurs, a new sample is internally heated without agitation. If separation occurs, the binder is stable only at high agitation. If no separation occurs, the binder is stable at minimum agitation.
- If degradation occurs, a new sample is internally heated without agitation. If separation occurs, the binder is not stable. If no separation occurs, the values are subjected to degradation analysis. If degradation occurs, the binder is not stable. If no degradation occurs the binder is stable only at minimum agitation.
- Microscopic evaluation may also be used to determine the amount of separation in the asphalt in the top or bottom thirds of the container. Under microscopic evaluation, polymer material is brighter than asphalt material. One way of determining separation is to compare the bright polymer spots in the top sample to that of the bottom sample. If the top sample or bottom sample has more bright polymer spots than the other sample, separation has occurred. If the amount of bright polymer spots is the same in the top and bottom samples, no separation has occurred.
- Some other properties which are useful in analyzing asphalt samples are loss shear modulus, storage shear modulus, engineering strain, failure stress, failure strain, flexural creep stiffness, flexural creep compliance, logarithmic creep, and viscosity.
- Loss shear modulus is the ratio calculated by dividing the absolute value of the peak-to-peak shear stress, by the absolute value of the peak-to-peak shear strain.
- Storage shear modulus is the complex shear modulus multiplied by the cosine of the phase angle expressed in degrees. It represents the in-phase component of the complex modulus that is a measure of the energy stored during a loading cycle.
- Engineering strain refers to the axial strain resulting from the application of a tensile load and calculated as the change in length caused by the application of the tensile load divided by the original unloaded length of the specimen without any correction for reduction in cross-section.
- Failure stress is the tensile stress on the test specimen when the load reaches a maximum value during the test method specified in a particular standard.
- Failure strain is the tensile strain corresponding to the failure stress.
- Flexural creep stiffness is the ratio obtained by dividing the maximum bending stress in the bending beam rheometer by the maximum bending stress.
- Flexural creep compliance is the ratio obtained by dividing the maximum bending strain in the bending beam rheometer by the maximum bending stress.
- Logarithmic creep (m value) is the absolute slope of the logarithm of the stiffness curve versus the logarithm of time.
- Viscosity is the resistance to flow of a liquid substance.
- Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an asphalt stability test vessel which recreates the conditions of modified asphalt binder in the field.
- It is a further object of the present invention to provide a laboratory asphalt stability test which adds the variable of agitation to test modified asphalt binder.
- It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a laboratory asphalt stability test which does not require freezing of the modified asphalt binder.
- It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a laboratory asphalt stability test which may be economically administered.
- Finally, it is another object of the present invention to provide a laboratory asphalt stability test which can be easily administered in the field.
- These and additional objects, advantages, features and benefits of the present invention will become apparent from the following specification.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a asphalt stability test vessel in accordance with the present invention; and
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the complete laboratory asphalt stability test in accordance with the present invention.
- With reference now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1, there is shown a cross sectional view of an asphalt stability test vessel1. The asphalt stability test vessel 1 includes a
container 10, anexternal heater 12, aninternal heater 14, anagitator assembly 16, atemperature controller 15, and at least onesampling tube 18. Theexternal heater 12 is disposed on the outside surface area of thecontainer 10. Theexternal heater 12 is surrounded by athermal insulator 20 such as fiberglass. Theinternal heater 14 is preferably disposed inside the container and at substantially the bottom thereof. Theinternal heater 14 may also be located in any area such that the asphalt is heated satisfactorily. A plurality ofbaffles 22 extend vertical downward from a top 11 of thecontainer 10. Theagitator assembly 16 includes amotor 24, ashaft 26, and at least onepropeller 28. Theshaft 16 is pivotally mounted to the top 11 and a bottom 13 of thecontainer 10. Themotor 24 is mounted to the top 11 of thecontainer 10 and drives theshaft 26 which has at least onepropeller 28 attached thereto. The speed of themotor 24 is preferably adjustable. - The top11 of the
container 10 has an opening for the insertion of atemperature probe 17. Thetemperature controller 15 is mounted to the top 11 of the container. Thetemperature probe 17 extends downward from thetemperature controller 15 and is preferably disposed in substantially the middle of thecontainer 10. The top 11 of thecontainer 10 has at least one opening for the insertion of thesampling tube 18. Thesampling tube 18 includes atube 30 and abulb 32. To obtain a sample of modified asphalt binder from thecontainer 10, thesampling tube 18 is inserted into thecontainer 10 and thebulb 32 is squeezed. A small amount of asphalt will be held by in thetube 30 for testing. A sampling tube exists for taking samples of the modified asphalt binder at substantially the top of thecontainer 10 and also at substantially the bottom of thecontainer 10. - The asphalt stability testing vessel1 is a specially designed lab version of a production asphalt storage tank. Instead of having a 20,000 gallon capacity, the
container 10 has a preferable capacity of approximately 1 quart. The asphalt stability testing vessel 1 has internal heating, external heating, and at least one mixing propeller similar to the production unit. The asphalt stability testing vessel has at least one propeller which is rotated at preferably 2,100 rpm for high agitation testing. - The asphalt stability testing vessel1 is used to prepare modified asphalt binder for numerous stability tests. The stability test is started by heating preferably one quart of modified asphalt binder to a temperature of 165 degrees celsius. The sampling tubes are pre-heated in an oven to a temperature of 165 degrees celsius. The
bulb 32 is removed from thetube 30 before pre-heating and added when sampling is conducted. - In
box 34 of the test, theexternal heater 12 of the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 is turned on such that a temperature of 165 degrees celsius is maintained utilizing thetemperature controller 15. Preferably, one quart of heated modified asphalt binder is poured into the asphalt stability testing vessel 1. After the temperature has stabilized to 165 degrees celsius, timing is started. The top and bottom thirds of the vessel are twice sampled with thesampling tube 18. Sampling occurs at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after temperature stabilization. The contents of thesampling tube 18 are discharged into silicon molds. The samples are then removed from the silicon molds and placed into a rheometer. The complex shear modulus (G*) and the phase angle (δ) are tested by the rheometer. - To determine separation, the complex shear modulus (G*) of the top sample is divided by the complex shear modulus (G*) of the bottom sample for
time periods time periods box 36. If no separation occurs, the values obtained inbox 34 are subjected to degradation analysis inbox 38. - Degradation is determined by calculating complex shear modulus (G*) and the phase angle (δ) ratios.
- G* Ratio=(G* top +G* bot)/2 (G* initial)
- δRatio=(δtop+δbot)/2(δinitial)
- Where:
- G*initial: average of the top and bottom samplings at 0 hours.
- G*top: average of the two samplings taken at each
sampling time - G*bot: average of the two samplings taken at each
sampling time - δinitial: average of the top and bottom samplings at 0 hours.
- δtop: average of the two samplings taken at each
sampling time - δbot: average of the two samplings taken at each
sampling time - If any G* Ratio of 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours exceeds 1.2 or falls below 0.8, degradation has occurred. If any 6 Ratio of 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 exceeds 1.2 or falls below 0.8, degradation has occurred. If degradation has occurred the binder is unstable. If no degradation has occurred, modified asphalt binder is tested in
box 40 by internal heating and high agitation. - In
box 40 of the test, theinternal heater 14 of the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 is turned on such that a temperature of 165 degrees celsius is maintained using thetemperature controller 15. The propellers of the asphalt stability testing vessel 1 rotate at a preferable speed of 2100 rpm. Preferably, one quart of heated modified asphalt binder is poured into the asphalt stability testing vessel 1. After the temperature has stabilized to 165 degrees celsius, timing is started. The top and bottom thirds of the vessel are twice sampled with asampling tube 18. Sampling occurs at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after temperature stabilization. The contents of the sampling tube are discharged into silicon molds. The samples are then removed from the silicon molds and placed into a rheometer. The complex shear modulus (G*) and the phase angle (δ) are test by the rheometer. - The values of complex shear modulus and phase angle obtained in
box 40 are subjected to degradation analysis similar to that disclosed inbox 38. If no degradation occurs, the binder is stable. If degradation occurs, a new test is conducted inbox 42. The test inbox 42 is similar to the test inbox 40 with the exception that the propeller does not rotate. New samples are extracted at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours and tested utilizing a rheometer. Next, the values of complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) obtained inbox 42 are subjected to degradation analysis similar to that ofbox 38. If degradation occurs the binder is not stable. If no degradation occurs binder is stable only with minimum agitation. - Next, the values of complex shear modulus and phase angle obtained in
box 36 are subjected to separation analysis. If separation has occurred afterbox 36, the binder is not stable. If no separation has occurred afterbox 36, the values obtained inbox 36 are subjected to degradation analysis inbox 44. If no degradation occurs, new samples are taken inbox 46 after being subjected to internal heating without agitation. The values obtained inbox 46 are subjected to separation analysis. If separation has occurred, the binder is stable only at high agitation. If no separation has occurred, the binder is stable with minimum agitation. - If degradation occurs in
box 44, new samples are tested utilizing internal heating without agitation inbox 48. After the test inbox 48 is performed, the values obtained inbox 48 are subjected to separation analysis. If separation occurs, the binder is not stable. If no separation occurs, the values obtained inbox 48 are subjected to degradation analysis inbox 50. If degradation occurs the binder is not stable. If no degradation occurs, the binder is stable only at minimum agitation. - While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects, and therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (24)
1. A method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions comprising the steps of:
(a) adding heated asphalt into a vessel having heating means and agitation means;
(b) extracting samples of asphalt from said vessel; and
(c) determining the value of complex shear modulus from said samples of asphalt.
2. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
(d) determining the value of phase angle from said samples of asphalt.
3. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 2 , further comprising the steps of:
(e) analyzing said values of complex shear modulus for separation.
4. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 2 , further comprising the steps of:
(e) analyzing said values of phase angle for separation.
5. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 2 , further comprising the steps of:
(e) analyzing said values of phase angle for degradation.
6. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 2 , further comprising the steps of:
(e) analyzing said values of complex shear modulus for degradation.
7. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
(d) analyzing said samples of asphalt utilizing microscopic evaluation.
8. A method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions comprising the steps of:
(a) adding heated asphalt into a vessel having heating means and agitation means;
(b) extracting samples of asphalt from said vessel; and
(c) determining the value of phase angle from said samples of asphalt.
9. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 8 , further comprising the steps of:
(d) determining the value of complex shear modulus from said samples of asphalt.
10. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 9 , further comprising the steps of:
(e) analyzing said values of phase angle for separation.
11. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 9 , further comprising the steps of:
(e) analyzing said values of complex shear modulus for separation.
12. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 9 , further comprising the steps of:
(e) analyzing said values of complex shear modulus for degradation.
13. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 9 , further comprising the steps of:
(e) analyzing said values of phase angle for degradation.
14. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 8 , further comprising the steps of:
(d) analyzing said samples of asphalt utilizing microscopic evaluation.
15. A method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions comprising the steps of:
(a) adding heated asphalt into a vessel having an internal heating, external heating, and agitation assembly;
(b) extracting samples of asphalt from said vessel;
(c) determining the values of complex shear modulus and phase angle from said samples of asphalt in a rheometer;
(d) analyzing said values of complex shear modulus and phase angle for separation; and
(e) analyzing said values of complex shear modulus and phase angle for degradation.
16. The method for testing asphalt which simulates field conditions of claim 15 , further comprising the steps of:
(d) analyzing said samples of asphalt utilizing microscopic evaluation.
17. An asphalt stability testing vessel comprising:
a container;
means for heating the asphalt in said container;
an agitator assembly which mixes the asphalt in said container; and
at least one sampling tube for extracting samples of asphalt from inside said container.
18. The asphalt stability testing vessel of claim 17 , further comprising:
said means for heating asphalt being an external heater which surrounds the outer surface area of said container.
19. The asphalt stability testing vessel of claim 17 , further comprising:
said means for heating asphalt being an internal heater which is disposed inside said container.
20. The asphalt stability testing vessel of claim 17 , further comprising:
a temperature controller which regulates the thermal output of said internal and external heaters.
21. The asphalt stability testing vessel of claim 17 , further comprising:
the speed of said agitation means being adjustable.
22. An asphalt stability testing vessel comprising:
a container;
an external heater which surrounds the outer surface area of said container;
an internal heater which is disposed in said container at substantially the bottom thereof;
an agitator assembly which mixes the contents in said container; and
at least one sampling tube for extracting samples of the asphalt from inside said container.
23. The asphalt stability testing vessel of claim 22 , further comprising:
a temperature controller which regulates the thermal output of said internal and external heaters.
24. The asphalt stability testing vessel of claim 22 , further comprising:
the speed of said agitation means being adjustable.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/332,626 US6408683B2 (en) | 1998-06-15 | 1999-06-14 | Laboratory asphalt stability test and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US8921798P | 1998-06-15 | 1998-06-15 | |
US09/332,626 US6408683B2 (en) | 1998-06-15 | 1999-06-14 | Laboratory asphalt stability test and apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020014110A1 true US20020014110A1 (en) | 2002-02-07 |
US6408683B2 US6408683B2 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
Family
ID=26780361
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/332,626 Expired - Lifetime US6408683B2 (en) | 1998-06-15 | 1999-06-14 | Laboratory asphalt stability test and apparatus |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6408683B2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009068639A1 (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-04 | Hochschule Anhalt (Fh) | Solvent for gross density determination and extraction analysis of asphalt |
CN102507386A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2012-06-20 | 长安大学 | Method for measuring modifier content in SBS modified asphalt through adopting Brookfield rotary viscometric method |
US20160266022A1 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-15 | Anton Paar Gmbh | Rotational rheometer for measuring powdery or granular materials |
CN105973928A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-09-28 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for rapid evaluation of storage stability of modified asphalt |
CN109668787A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-04-23 | 重庆市市政设计研究院 | A kind of bituminous pavement stabilizing test device and method of the evaluation containing weak intercalated layer |
CN110174326A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-27 | 天水陆桥交通工程有限公司 | A kind of device and method of detection emulsified asphalt transport thermal stability |
CN110763594A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 交通运输部科学研究院 | Method for testing activation degree of rock asphalt |
CN113960295A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-21 | 甘肃省交通规划勘察设计院股份有限公司 | Method for determining emulsified asphalt stability |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4136532B2 (en) * | 2002-08-19 | 2008-08-20 | 鬼怒川ゴム工業株式会社 | Viscoelastic material processability evaluation method and apparatus, processing condition setting method and processing apparatus, and process management method |
US7331242B2 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2008-02-19 | Ohio University | System for testing paving materials |
CA2496793A1 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-03-04 | Sang-Soo Kim | Device and method for testing paving materials |
US7455476B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2008-11-25 | Kmc Enterprises, Inc. | Method of reconstructing a bituminous-surfaced pavement |
US7001453B2 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2006-02-21 | Koch Performance Roads, Inc. | Method of selecting a high modulus layer binder |
US20090056424A1 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-05 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Microscope Rheometer for Measuring Shear and Compression Properties of Biological Samples |
US9234825B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2016-01-12 | University Of Tennessee Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for fatigue and viscoelastic property testing of asphalt mixtures using a loaded wheel tester |
CN103616314A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-03-05 | 河海大学 | Evaluation method for temperature sensitivity based on asphalt cement |
US20150361318A1 (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2015-12-17 | Meadwestvaco Corporation | Composite polymer materials for modification of adhesive compositions and associated methods of manufacture |
CN105547921A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-05-04 | 西北民族大学 | Modified asphalt storage stability standard viscosity detection method |
CN105964321A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 长安大学 | Device and method for heating asphalt in laboratory |
CN109696367B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-03-30 | 苏州规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | Method for calculating dynamic stability of modified asphalt mixture |
CN109939628A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-06-28 | 黄河三角洲京博化工研究院有限公司 | A kind of the simulation occurrence of equipment and its application of glance coal |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USRE31555E (en) * | 1973-04-30 | 1984-04-17 | Beral Enterprises, Inc. | Pipette |
GB1494198A (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1977-12-07 | Shell Int Research | Reducing emission of hydrogen sulphide from hot mixtures containing sulphur and bitumen |
US3956001A (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1976-05-11 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Retarding skin formation on asphalt in hot storage |
US4229337A (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-10-21 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Aromatic amide plasticizer for ionic polymers |
US4675097A (en) * | 1984-12-31 | 1987-06-23 | Allied Corporation | Process for production of hydrogenated light hydrocarbons by treatment of heavy hydrocarbons with water and carbon monoxide |
GB8608874D0 (en) * | 1986-04-11 | 1986-05-14 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Asphaltene separation |
US5171891A (en) * | 1987-09-01 | 1992-12-15 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Oxidation of organic compounds having allylic or benzylic carbon atoms in water |
NL9000162A (en) * | 1990-01-23 | 1991-08-16 | Heijmans Wegenbouwmij | METHOD FOR PREPARING RUBBER BITUMES AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT SUCH METHOD |
ES2029598A6 (en) * | 1990-10-24 | 1992-08-16 | Asfaltos Espanoles S A | Feeder device of samples for vibrating tube electronic densimeters. |
US5336705A (en) * | 1992-03-05 | 1994-08-09 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Polymer-modified, oxidized asphalt compositions and methods of preparation |
US5434334A (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1995-07-18 | Monolith Technology Incorporated | Process for treating an aqueous waste solution |
GB9227035D0 (en) * | 1992-12-29 | 1993-02-24 | Univ Toronto Innovation Found | Treatment of rubber |
US5549744A (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1996-08-27 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Pavement Binder |
US5627225A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1997-05-06 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Road paving binders |
US5749953A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1998-05-12 | Vinzoyl Technical Services, Llc | High shear asphalt compositions |
US5755865A (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1998-05-26 | The New Paraho Corporation | Asphalt rejuvenater and recycled asphalt composition |
US5904760A (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1999-05-18 | Marathon Ashland Petroleum Llc | Rerefined oil or hydrofinished neutral oil for blending superpave asphalts with low temperature properties |
US5775546A (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 1998-07-07 | Comar, Inc. | Dispensing bulb |
US5939474A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-08-17 | Shell Oil Company | Bitumen compositions and a process for their preparation |
-
1999
- 1999-06-14 US US09/332,626 patent/US6408683B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009068639A1 (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-04 | Hochschule Anhalt (Fh) | Solvent for gross density determination and extraction analysis of asphalt |
CN102507386A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2012-06-20 | 长安大学 | Method for measuring modifier content in SBS modified asphalt through adopting Brookfield rotary viscometric method |
US20160266022A1 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-15 | Anton Paar Gmbh | Rotational rheometer for measuring powdery or granular materials |
US10031057B2 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2018-07-24 | Anton Paar Gmbh | Rotational rheometer for measuring powdery or granular materials |
CN105973928A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-09-28 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for rapid evaluation of storage stability of modified asphalt |
CN109668787A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-04-23 | 重庆市市政设计研究院 | A kind of bituminous pavement stabilizing test device and method of the evaluation containing weak intercalated layer |
CN110174326A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-27 | 天水陆桥交通工程有限公司 | A kind of device and method of detection emulsified asphalt transport thermal stability |
CN110763594A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 交通运输部科学研究院 | Method for testing activation degree of rock asphalt |
CN113960295A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-21 | 甘肃省交通规划勘察设计院股份有限公司 | Method for determining emulsified asphalt stability |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6408683B2 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6408683B2 (en) | Laboratory asphalt stability test and apparatus | |
Kim et al. | Advanced characterization of crumb rubber-modified asphalts, using protocols developed for complex binders | |
Mossel et al. | Use of an Arrhenius model to predict rheological behaviour in some Australian honeys | |
Zimberlin et al. | Cavitation rheology for soft materials | |
Lefebvre | An outline of the non-linear viscoelastic behaviour of wheat flour dough in shear | |
Steinmann et al. | Quantitative rheological evaluation of phase inversion in two-phase polymer blends with cocontinuous morphology | |
Phillies et al. | The ubiquity of stretched-exponential forms in polymer dynamics | |
Polacco et al. | Dynamic master curves of polymer modified asphalt from three different geometries | |
Wolf et al. | Influence of gelation on particle shape in sheared biopolymer blends | |
Bala et al. | The influence of polymer on rheological and thermo oxidative aging properties of modified bitumen binders | |
He et al. | Broad frequency range characterization of molten polymers | |
CN109765128B (en) | Asphalt anti-aging performance evaluation method based on dissipation energy | |
CN103424340A (en) | Determination method for interfacial tension of phase-separated polymer blend | |
Olivas et al. | Re-Certification of SRM 2492: Bingham Paste Mixture for Rheological Measurements | |
Lu et al. | Fatigue and healing characteristics of bitumens studied using dynamic shear rheometer | |
Oasmaa | Fuel oil quality properties of wood-based pyrolysis liquids. | |
Laukkanen et al. | Strain accumulation in bituminous binders under repeated creep-recovery loading predicted from small-amplitude oscillatory shear (saos) experiments | |
Zhai et al. | Evaluation of Low-Temperature Properties and the Fragility of Asphalt Binders with Non-Arrhenius Viscosity–temperature Dependence | |
Hesami et al. | Evaluation of environmental susceptibility of bituminous mastic viscosity as a function of mineral and biomass fillers | |
CN112697645B (en) | Method for testing wall sticking temperature of crude oil and crude oil wall sticking simulation device | |
JPH06347392A (en) | Viscosity measuring jig of coal in softened and melted state and measuring method therefor | |
Simeone et al. | Shear-induced clustering of gelling droplets in aqueous biphasic mixtures of gelatin and dextran | |
Leblanc et al. | Updating a torsional dynamic rheometer for Fourier transform rheometry on rubber materials | |
JP4064601B2 (en) | Emulsion evaluation method and evaluation apparatus | |
Casarino et al. | Thermodynamics of polymer blends based on poly (methyl acrylate) and poly (vinyl acetate) with different molecular weights |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATION, WISCONSIN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BAHIA, HUSSAIN U.;ZHAI, HUACHUN;REEL/FRAME:010233/0111 Effective date: 19990610 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |