US20020006254A1 - Method for producing a coupler based on fiber-fused connection - Google Patents
Method for producing a coupler based on fiber-fused connection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020006254A1 US20020006254A1 US09/821,767 US82176701A US2002006254A1 US 20020006254 A1 US20020006254 A1 US 20020006254A1 US 82176701 A US82176701 A US 82176701A US 2002006254 A1 US2002006254 A1 US 2002006254A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- jacket
- limbs
- fusion
- fiber core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2558—Reinforcement of splice joint
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2821—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
- G02B6/2835—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals formed or shaped by thermal treatment, e.g. couplers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a coupler based on fiber-fused connection.
- optical separators and couplers are more frequently used than before for distributing light signals to multiple terminals and for transmitting signals in the reverse direction.
- the conventional optical separator/coupler mainly incorporates a coupler (star coupler) having multiple input terminals to serve as a key element of an optical data bas network.
- a coupler star coupler
- This communication network enables a signal transmitted from any one terminal connected to the coupler to be distributed to the other terminals, its application becomes increasingly widened.
- the coupler as described above is conventionally fabricated as follows. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, two optical fiber core lines (a) and (b) are closely placed together to bring their clads at the middle of their lengths in contact with each other; the contacted clads are heated to melt to form a fusion-connected section (c); jackets (d 1 ), (d 2 ), (d 3 ) and (d 4 ) are placed over the both limbs of each of optical fiber core lines (a) and (b) being moved from their ends (a 1 ), (b 1 ), (a 2 ) and (b 2 ), respectively; the fusion-connected section (c) together with the four ends of jacket limbs close to it are placed in a protective case (e); a hardening resin (f) such as an epoxy resin is introduced into the cavity within the protective case (e) to fill the cavity; and, when the resin is hardened, a coupler integral with the optical fiber core lines is obtained.
- a hardening resin such as an epoxy resin
- Resilient fibers inserted longitudinally beneath the jackets (d 1 ), (d 2 ), (d 3 ) and (d 4 ) and over the periphery of optical fiber core lines (a) and (b) are represented by (g) in the figures.
- This invention was derived from an attempt to meet the above problems inherent to the conventional technique, and aims at providing a method for fabricating a fusion-connected coupler which enables simple, rapid production of a small, robust and inexpensive coupler in a highly productive manner.
- the method for fabricating a coupler consists of placing a plurality of optical fiber cords in parallel each of which comprises an optical fiber core line covered with a jacket with resilient fibers disposed longitudinally around the periphery of the core line beneath the jacket; a cut is made on a specified point on the jacket of each optical fiber core line to divide the jacket into two limbs, and the divided limbs of each jacket are slid in opposite directions to expose thereby the middle section of the underlying optical fiber core line; the exposed sections of optical core lines are brought into contact with each other; the contacted sections are heated to melt to form thereby a fusion-connected section; each jacket limb displaced outward is slid back close to the fusion-connected section; the fusion-connected section together with the cut ends of jacket limbs close to it are placed in a protective case; a hardening resin such as an epoxy resin is introduced into the cavity within the protective case to fill the cavity; and, when the resin is hardened, the involved
- FIG. 1 illustrates the first step of the processes for producing a fusion-connected coupler according to the method of this invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the second step of the same production processes.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the third step of the same production processes.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the fourth step of the same production processes.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the fifth step of the same production processes.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the final step of the same production processes.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the first step of the processes for producing a fusion-connected coupler according to a conventional method.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the final step of the above production processes.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 illustrate the processes for producing a fiber-fused coupler according to this invention.
- two optical fiber cords 1 and 2 comprising optical fiber core lines 3 and 4 having respective resilient fibers 5 and 6 running along their lengths and covered with jackets 7 and 8 are placed in parallel as shown in FIG. 1.
- the jackets 7 and 8 have their both ends cut to have a specified length, to expose thereby the both ends of optical fiber core lines 3 and 4 and of their resilient fibers 5 and 6 .
- the jackets 7 and 8 covering the optical fiber core lines 1 and 2 are cut at specified levels 7 c and 8 c at the middle of their lengths, to be divided into two limbs each; and the jacket limbs 9 and 9 ′ and the jacket limbs 10 and 10 ′ are slid in opposite directions such that the interval between the inward ends 9 a and 9 ′ a of jacket 9 , and the interval between the inward ends 10 a and 10 ′ a of jacket 10 are sufficiently large to allow the work necessary for connection, and the outward ends 9 b and 9 ′ b and 10 b and 10 ′ b are in short by a sufficient length of the outward ends ( 3 a , 4 a and 5 a , 6 a ) of their respective optical fiber core lines 3 , 4 and resilient fibers 5 , 6 .
- the exposed mid-portions of optical fiber core lines 3 and 4 are brought into contact with each other as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5; the contacted portions are heated to melt to form thereby a fusion-connected section 11 ; and the separated jacket limbs 9 and 9 ′ and 10 and 10 ′ are slid back close to the fusion-connected section 11 .
- the fusion-connected section 11 with the inward ends 9 a and 9 ′ a of jacket limbs 9 and 9 ′, and the inward ends 10 a and 10 ′ a of jacket limbs 10 and 10 ′ is placed in a protective case 12 as shown in FIG. 6; a hardening resin such as an epoxy resin 13 is introduced into the cavity within the protective case 12 to fill the cavity; and, when the resin hardens, the involved elements and their connection are integrated within the protective case 12 .
- a hardening resin such as an epoxy resin 13
- the resilient fibers 5 , 6 may be made of any material incorporated in a conventional optical fiber cord, such as aramid fiber, glass fiber, copper wire, PBO fiber, etc.
- the jacket 7 , 8 may be made of a thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, UV-hardening resin, etc.
- the above embodiment based on the method of this invention for producing a fiber-fused coupler involves connecting two optical fiber cables 1 and 2 , but it may also involve connecting two optical fiber tape cords, instead of cables. Needless to say, the number of optical fiber cables or optical fiber tape cords to be connected is not limited to two, but may take three or more as desired.
- a plurality of optical fiber cords are placed in parallel each of which comprises an optical fiber core line covered with a jacket with resilient fibers inserted between the periphery of the core line and the jacket; a cut is made on a specified point of the jacket of each optical fiber core line to divide the jacket into two limbs, and the divided limbs of each jacket are moved in opposite directions to expose thereby a section of the underlying optical fiber core line; the exposed sections of the optical fibers are connected by fusion; each jacket limb displaced towards the outward end and kept there is slid back close to the fusion-connected section; the fusion-connected section together with the inward ends of jacket limbs are placed in a protective case; and a hardening resin is hardened to integrate the involved elements and their connection.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
The object of this invention is to provide a method for producing a coupler based on fiber-fused connection which will enable simple, rapid production of a coupler in a highly productive manner, no matter how many optical fiber core lines may be involved or no matter how small their diameter may be.
The method consists of placing a plurality of optical fiber cords 1,2 in parallel which comprise optical fiber core lines 3,4 covered with jackets 7,8 with resilient fibers 5,6 inserted between the periphery of the core lines and the jackets; cutting a specified point of the jacket of each optical fiber core line to divide the jacket into two limbs; sliding the divided limbs (9,9′ and 10,10′ ) of the jackets in opposite directions to expose thereby sections of the underlying optical fiber core lines, the exposed sections of optical fibers being brought into contact with each other, and heated to melt to form thereby a fusion-connected section 11; sliding back each jacket limb close to the fusion-connected section; and placing the fusion-connected section 11 together with the inward ends of jacket limbs in a protective case 12, a hardening resin 13 being introduced into the cavity within the protective case 12 to fill the cavity, and the resin being hardened to integrate the optical fiber cords with their connection within the protective case.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a method for producing a coupler based on fiber-fused connection.
- 2. Prior Art
- Recently, with the increased spread of sophisticated communication systems, transmission systems based on optical fibers have been increasingly introduced for the connection of LANs and other networks to promote OA and FA.
- In a LAN based on optical fibers, optical separators and couplers are more frequently used than before for distributing light signals to multiple terminals and for transmitting signals in the reverse direction.
- The conventional optical separator/coupler mainly incorporates a coupler (star coupler) having multiple input terminals to serve as a key element of an optical data bas network. As this communication network enables a signal transmitted from any one terminal connected to the coupler to be distributed to the other terminals, its application becomes increasingly widened.
- The coupler as described above is conventionally fabricated as follows. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, two optical fiber core lines (a) and (b) are closely placed together to bring their clads at the middle of their lengths in contact with each other; the contacted clads are heated to melt to form a fusion-connected section (c); jackets (d1), (d2), (d3) and (d4) are placed over the both limbs of each of optical fiber core lines (a) and (b) being moved from their ends (a1), (b1), (a2) and (b2), respectively; the fusion-connected section (c) together with the four ends of jacket limbs close to it are placed in a protective case (e); a hardening resin (f) such as an epoxy resin is introduced into the cavity within the protective case (e) to fill the cavity; and, when the resin is hardened, a coupler integral with the optical fiber core lines is obtained.
- Resilient fibers inserted longitudinally beneath the jackets (d1), (d2), (d3) and (d4) and over the periphery of optical fiber core lines (a) and (b) are represented by (g) in the figures.
- However, with the conventional method for fabricating a coupler as described above, it is necessary, after fused-connection is performed on optical fiber core lines to be coupled, to place tubular jackets over the limbs of the optical fiber core lines one after another while those lines have resilient fibers disposed around their peripheries. Therefore, fabrication based on the conventional method is poor in workability, produces too voluminous fusion-connected sections, and is high in the cost.
- Particularly when a coupler involving multiple, small-bore optical fiber core lines with correspondingly slender jackets is fabricated, the fabrication requires much labor and time, and often poses a problem in productivity. Moreover, a coupler produced by the conventional method, if it has to be sufficiently reinforced, becomes voluminous and expensive, while it becomes fragile when it is left small.
- This invention was derived from an attempt to meet the above problems inherent to the conventional technique, and aims at providing a method for fabricating a fusion-connected coupler which enables simple, rapid production of a small, robust and inexpensive coupler in a highly productive manner.
- To attain the above object, the method for fabricating a coupler according to this invention consists of placing a plurality of optical fiber cords in parallel each of which comprises an optical fiber core line covered with a jacket with resilient fibers disposed longitudinally around the periphery of the core line beneath the jacket; a cut is made on a specified point on the jacket of each optical fiber core line to divide the jacket into two limbs, and the divided limbs of each jacket are slid in opposite directions to expose thereby the middle section of the underlying optical fiber core line; the exposed sections of optical core lines are brought into contact with each other; the contacted sections are heated to melt to form thereby a fusion-connected section; each jacket limb displaced outward is slid back close to the fusion-connected section; the fusion-connected section together with the cut ends of jacket limbs close to it are placed in a protective case; a hardening resin such as an epoxy resin is introduced into the cavity within the protective case to fill the cavity; and, when the resin is hardened, the involved elements and their connection are integrated within the protective case.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the first step of the processes for producing a fusion-connected coupler according to the method of this invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the second step of the same production processes.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the third step of the same production processes.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the fourth step of the same production processes.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the fifth step of the same production processes.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the final step of the same production processes.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the first step of the processes for producing a fusion-connected coupler according to a conventional method.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the final step of the above production processes.
- The preferred embodiments of this invention will be detailed below with reference to attached figures.
- FIGS.1 to 6 illustrate the processes for producing a fiber-fused coupler according to this invention.
- Firstly, two
optical fiber cords fiber core lines resilient fibers jackets jackets fiber core lines resilient fibers - Next, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the
jackets fiber core lines levels 7 c and 8 c at the middle of their lengths, to be divided into two limbs each; and thejacket limbs jacket limbs inward ends jacket 9, and the interval between theinward ends jacket 10 are sufficiently large to allow the work necessary for connection, and theoutward ends fiber core lines resilient fibers - As seen from above and from FIGS. 1 and 2, when
jackets levels 7 c and 8 c close to the middle, and the divided limbs of the jackets are separated by a specified distance, theoutward ends jacket 7 and theoutward ends jacket 8 are placed inward with respect to the ends (3 a, 4 a and 5 a, 6 a) of their respective optical fiber core lines (3,4) and resilient fibers (5,6), to expose thereby the specific lengths of the both ends of opticalfiber core lines resilient fibers - Then, the exposed mid-portions of optical
fiber core lines section 11; and theseparated jacket limbs section 11. - Next, the fusion-connected
section 11 with theinward ends jacket limbs inward ends jacket limbs protective case 12 as shown in FIG. 6; a hardening resin such as anepoxy resin 13 is introduced into the cavity within theprotective case 12 to fill the cavity; and, when the resin hardens, the involved elements and their connection are integrated within theprotective case 12. - The
resilient fibers jacket - The above embodiment based on the method of this invention for producing a fiber-fused coupler involves connecting two
optical fiber cables - The present invention has been described above, and will be briefly summarized as follows: a plurality of optical fiber cords are placed in parallel each of which comprises an optical fiber core line covered with a jacket with resilient fibers inserted between the periphery of the core line and the jacket; a cut is made on a specified point of the jacket of each optical fiber core line to divide the jacket into two limbs, and the divided limbs of each jacket are moved in opposite directions to expose thereby a section of the underlying optical fiber core line; the exposed sections of the optical fibers are connected by fusion; each jacket limb displaced towards the outward end and kept there is slid back close to the fusion-connected section; the fusion-connected section together with the inward ends of jacket limbs are placed in a protective case; and a hardening resin is hardened to integrate the involved elements and their connection. This methods dispenses with the need for removal of the jacket from each optical fiber core line during the work for connection, no matter how many small-bore optical fiber core lines may be involved. Therefore, fabrication based on the method of this invention will reduce a loss involved in the labor and time required for completion of the product as compared with the conventional method, and will ensure such excellent productivity and workability as to enable the production of densely integrated, robust products.
Claims (1)
1. Method for producing a coupler based on fiber-fused connection comprising the steps of:
placing a plurality of optical fiber cords in parallel each of which comprises an optical fiber core line with resilient fibers disposed around its periphery, being collectively covered with a jacket;
cutting a specified point of the jacket of each optical fiber core line to divide the jacket into two limbs;
sliding the divided limbs of each jacket in opposite directions to expose thereby a section of the underlying optical fiber core line, the exposed sections of the optical fibers being brought into contact with each other, and the contacted sections being heated to melt to form thereby a fusion-connected section;
sliding back each jacket limb close to the fusion-connected section; and
placing the fusion-connected section together with the inward ends of jacket limbs in a protective case, a hardening resin such as an epoxy resin being introduced into the cavity within the protective case to fill the cavity, and the resin being hardened to integrate the optical fiber cords within the protective case.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000-142400 | 2000-05-15 | ||
JP2000142400A JP4152564B2 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2000-05-15 | Manufacturing method of fiber fusion type coupler |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020006254A1 true US20020006254A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
US6431767B2 US6431767B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
Family
ID=18649381
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/821,767 Expired - Fee Related US6431767B2 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2001-03-30 | Method for producing a coupler based on fiber-fused connection |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6431767B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4152564B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1201176C (en) |
CA (1) | CA2345455A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10121327A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2810120B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2362476B (en) |
TW (1) | TW586034B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150125117A1 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Fiber optic mounting arrangement and method of coupling optical fiber to a tubular |
US9335502B1 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2016-05-10 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Fiber optic cable arrangement |
US9488794B2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2016-11-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Fiber optic strain locking arrangement and method of strain locking a cable assembly to tubing |
US10668706B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2020-06-02 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Distributed sensing system employing a film adhesive |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7065267B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2006-06-20 | Finisar Corporation | Athermal fused coupler package for optical fibers |
CN100456066C (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2009-01-28 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Single fiber and multi-core fiber coupler and fused biconic taper coupling method thereof |
CA2636096A1 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2009-02-02 | Shawcor Ltd. | System for splicing fiber optic drop cables |
US8676012B2 (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2014-03-18 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Fiber optic cable for very-short-distance networks |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2186097A (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1987-08-05 | Stc Plc | Optical fibre splice reinstatement sheathing |
US4906068A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1990-03-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Polarization-maintaining optical fibers for coupler fabrication |
US5054868A (en) * | 1990-08-29 | 1991-10-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Armored optical fiber cable interconnection for dual payout systems |
EP0646814B1 (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 2002-12-04 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Multi-fiber type optical cable coupler and process for production thereof |
US5802224A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1998-09-01 | Kyocera Corporation | Optical coupler for performing light branching and light mixing/branch filtering in a light communication network |
US5479548A (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 1995-12-26 | Honeywell Inc. | Fiber-optic coupler package |
JP4237871B2 (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2009-03-11 | 京セラ株式会社 | Optical fiber coupler, manufacturing method thereof, and optical amplifier using the same |
KR100358418B1 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2002-10-25 | 한국과학기술원 | Method of fabricating fused-type mode selective coupler |
-
2000
- 2000-05-15 JP JP2000142400A patent/JP4152564B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-30 US US09/821,767 patent/US6431767B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-31 GB GB0108137A patent/GB2362476B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-27 CA CA002345455A patent/CA2345455A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-27 FR FR0105744A patent/FR2810120B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-02 DE DE10121327A patent/DE10121327A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-14 TW TW090111406A patent/TW586034B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-15 CN CNB011190450A patent/CN1201176C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9488794B2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2016-11-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Fiber optic strain locking arrangement and method of strain locking a cable assembly to tubing |
US20150125117A1 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Fiber optic mounting arrangement and method of coupling optical fiber to a tubular |
US10668706B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2020-06-02 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Distributed sensing system employing a film adhesive |
US9335502B1 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2016-05-10 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Fiber optic cable arrangement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2810120B1 (en) | 2006-07-28 |
CN1323993A (en) | 2001-11-28 |
CN1201176C (en) | 2005-05-11 |
US6431767B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
DE10121327A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
FR2810120A1 (en) | 2001-12-14 |
JP4152564B2 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
GB0108137D0 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
GB2362476B (en) | 2003-09-03 |
GB2362476A (en) | 2001-11-21 |
CA2345455A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
JP2001324642A (en) | 2001-11-22 |
TW586034B (en) | 2004-05-01 |
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