US20010039772A1 - Electrical system mounting assembly - Google Patents
Electrical system mounting assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010039772A1 US20010039772A1 US09/899,613 US89961301A US2001039772A1 US 20010039772 A1 US20010039772 A1 US 20010039772A1 US 89961301 A US89961301 A US 89961301A US 2001039772 A1 US2001039772 A1 US 2001039772A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- channel
- bracket
- foot
- leg
- elongated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
- H02G3/28—Installations of cables, lines, or separate protective tubing therefor in conduits or ducts pre-established in walls, ceilings or floors
- H02G3/286—Installations of cables, lines, or separate protective tubing therefor in conduits or ducts pre-established in walls, ceilings or floors in walls
- H02G3/288—Installations of cables, lines, or separate protective tubing therefor in conduits or ducts pre-established in walls, ceilings or floors in walls in modular walls, e.g. wall panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
- E04B2002/7488—Details of wiring
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to power distribution systems of the modular type which are incorporated into or used in conjunction with prefabricated and prewired office partitions or room divider panels and other modular furniture.
- Prewired office partitions and similar modular furnishings with power and/or communications wiring running in raceways along the top or bottom of the partitions have been known for a number of years.
- One known technique for mounting such wiring is to suspend power distribution units beneath a horizontally extending channel within the partition, for example, by spring clips that latch into corresponding square channel holes. There is no support on the bottom of the distribution. This results in the distribution rocking back and forth, using the spring clip as the pivot point, when plugs are inserted and withdrawn from the receptacles.
- the present invention provides a mounting bracket design which prohibits the distribution from rocking.
- the top of the distribution is molded with a tower that is inserted into the 0.25′′ square channel hole. This locates the distribution in the correct spot on the channel and prevents lateral movement at the top of the distribution.
- the distribution is held in the correct vertical position by using a screw to secure the universal mounting bracket to a leg which is riveted to the distribution. In addition to securing the distribution vertically, this also prohibits any lateral movement at the bottom of the distribution.
- the universal mounting bracket can be oriented in one of three ways to accommodate any of the three mounting locations. The result for the end user is a more secure mounting method that prevents excessive movement of the receptacles when plugging in and unplugging.
- Each bracket has at least two separate leg attachment locations for receiving corresponding threaded fasteners for joining a leg end to a bracket in either of at least two separate locations and each bracket includes at least two channel engaging feet with one foot extending from the bracket in a direction opposite the leg when the leg and bracket are joined in one location to engage the lower channel and the other foot extending from the bracket in a direction opposite the leg when the leg and bracket are joined in the other location to engage the lower channel.
- An advantage of the present invention is that the same mounting bracket assembly may be used in a variety of different mounting configurations.
- Another advantage is the reduction or elimination of pivotal motion when plugging into or unplugging from a utility distribution unit supported and stabilized according to the present invention.
- a further advantage is the quick, easy and rigid support of electrical or other utility distribution units at any one of several possible elevations.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a channel bracket blank according to the invention in one form
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the channel bracket of FIG. 1 after a first deformation
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the channel bracket of FIG. 1 after a second deformation
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the channel bracket of FIG. 1 after a third deformation
- FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the channel bracket of FIG. 4
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a leg for interconnecting a distribution unit and bracket
- FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of the leg of FIG. 6;
- FIG. 8 is an end elevation view of the leg of FIGS. 6 and 7;
- FIG. 9 is an end view partially in cross-section of a distribution unit stabilizing system
- FIG. 10 is a top plan view of the system of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 is a side elevation view of the system of FIGS. 9 and 10 with the upper channel omitted;
- FIG. 12 is a side elevation view similar to FIG. 11, but showing distribution unit stabilization at a different elevational position
- FIG. 13 is an end view partially in cross-section of the distribution unit stabilizing system of FIG. 12;
- FIG. 14 is a side elevation view similar to FIGS. 11 and 12, but showing distribution unit stabilization at yet another elevational position;
- FIG. 15 is an end view partially in cross-section of the distribution unit stabilizing system of FIG. 14.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a bracket blank 11 cut from a planar sheet of metal to be formed into a mounting bracket for facilitating the support of an electrical distribution unit.
- the blank 11 has a generally elongated channel body 13 having a vertical axis of elongation as viewed, a first channel engaging foot 15 near one channel body end, a second channel engaging foot 17 near an opposite channel body end, and first and second arms 19 and 21 extending transversely from the same side of the channel body 13 intermediate the first foot 15 and second foot 17 .
- Leg attachment openings such as open-ended slots 23 and 25 , and elongated aperture 27 may also be formed in the blank 11 .
- the use of slots rather than circular holes facilitates rapid assembly later.
- the blank is then bent along dotted line 29 to deform the feet 15 and 17 from the plane of the body into a plane generally orthogonal to the plane of the body as seen in FIG. 2 where the feet 15 and 17 lie in the plane of the drawing while the body 13 and the plane of the remaining sheet of metal now extend perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
- Arms 19 and 21 are next bent along lines 31 and 33 in opposite directions from the plane of the body 13 and into a plane generally orthogonal thereto to again be visible as seen in FIG. 3.
- the free ends of the arms 17 and 19 are further bent along lines 35 and 37 toward the plane of the feet 15 and 17 to form a pair of channel engaging pads.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 The completed bracket is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Note, in FIG. 1, the dotted lines represent lines along which the blank is to be deformed while in FIG. 5, the dotted lines represent hidden lines of the completed bracket.
- the leg portion 55 of the bracket assembly is cut from a similar sheet of metal and provided with an offset bend 39 and a pair of rivet accepting apertures 41 and 43 .
- a threaded insert 49 is crimped to the leg and two tabs 45 and 47 are bent to extend coextensive with the insert 49 .
- FIGS. 9 - 11 an electrical distribution unit 51 having electrical outlets 52 and 54 is shown supported and stabilized over a subordinate horizontally extending channel 53 at one preferred elevation above the channel 53 by a pair of legs 55 and a like leg 57 , which are riveted at 59 , 61 , 63 and 65 to the unit 51 and depend downwardly therefrom.
- Channel 53 may, for example, be the lowermost channel of a wall panel.
- the legs 55 and 57 are fastened by screws 67 and 69 to brackets 11 and a like bracket 73 .
- the screw 67 rests in slot 23 and threadedly engages the insert 49 .
- the channel engaging foot such as 17 at the lower body end rests in an double U-shaped adapter 71 .
- This adapter 71 adapts the bracket lower end 17 configuration to the contour of the channel 53 . Neither the spaced apart pair of channel engaging pads 19 and 21 , nor the foot 15 are used in this installation.
- the distribution unit 51 has a pair of upwardly extending posts 75 and 77 which pass into corresponding holes in the upper channel 79 providing upper stabilization to the distribution unit 51 .
- FIGS. 9 and 11 Comparing FIGS. 9 and 11 with FIGS. 12 and 13, it will be noted the brackets 11 and 73 have been inverted and screws 67 and 69 now pass through the open-ended slots such as slot 25 and engage the leg insert 49 .
- the foot 15 now rests in a channel 81 of a dissimilar cross-sectional configuration without any intervening adapter such as 71 .
- Channel 81 may, for example, be an intermediate horizontally extending channel of a wall panel.
- the outlets 52 and 54 could be located at a convenient desktop elevation rather than one foot or so off the floor as in this examples of FIGS. 9, 11, 14 and 15 .
- the bracket has simply been inverted to now support and stabilize the distribution 51 above a different channel.
- brackets 11 and 73 have been rotated clockwise about ninety degrees so the pads 19 and 21 rest in the channel 53 , again, without any intervening adapter.
- the screws 67 and 69 now pass through elongated closed slots such as aperture 27 and engage the leg insert 49 .
- the bracket has simply been rotated to now support and stabilize the distribution 51 above, but much closer to, the channel 53 .
- Channel foot 17 engages the channel (by way of adapter 71 ) when the screw 67 passes through the leg 55 and opening 23 while the pair of channel engaging pads 19 and 21 engage the channel when the screw passes through the leg and elongated opening 27 .
- a plurality of spaced legs 55 and 57 are fixed as by riveting to the distribution 51 with each leg extending transversely to, and in generally the same direction from, the distribution.
- a plurality of posts 75 and 77 are engaged with the upper channel.
- the suspension of the distribution from the above channel 79 by the posts 75 and 77 is substantially as known in the prior art and results in excessive pivotal movement when plugs are inserted or removed from the outlets 52 or 54 .
- a plurality of mounting brackets 11 and 73 are placed intermediate the distribution 51 and the lower channel 53 or 81 with each mounting bracket adjacent to a corresponding leg.
- the leg and adjacent bracket are joined at a generally central location of the bracket when the spacing between the first and second elongated members is near a preferred minimum distance with the bracket extending horizontally and parallel to the channels as in FIGS. 14 and 15 while each leg is fastened to the adjacent bracket near an end of the bracket and the bracket extends vertically when the spacing between the first and second elongated members is near a preferred maximum distance.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Casings For Electric Apparatus (AREA)
- Patch Boards (AREA)
- Tables And Desks Characterized By Structural Shape (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Iinvention
- The present invention relates generally to power distribution systems of the modular type which are incorporated into or used in conjunction with prefabricated and prewired office partitions or room divider panels and other modular furniture.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Prewired office partitions and similar modular furnishings with power and/or communications wiring running in raceways along the top or bottom of the partitions have been known for a number of years. One known technique for mounting such wiring is to suspend power distribution units beneath a horizontally extending channel within the partition, for example, by spring clips that latch into corresponding square channel holes. There is no support on the bottom of the distribution. This results in the distribution rocking back and forth, using the spring clip as the pivot point, when plugs are inserted and withdrawn from the receptacles.
- The present invention provides a mounting bracket design which prohibits the distribution from rocking. The top of the distribution is molded with a tower that is inserted into the 0.25″ square channel hole. This locates the distribution in the correct spot on the channel and prevents lateral movement at the top of the distribution. The distribution is held in the correct vertical position by using a screw to secure the universal mounting bracket to a leg which is riveted to the distribution. In addition to securing the distribution vertically, this also prohibits any lateral movement at the bottom of the distribution. The universal mounting bracket can be oriented in one of three ways to accommodate any of the three mounting locations. The result for the end user is a more secure mounting method that prevents excessive movement of the receptacles when plugging in and unplugging.
- The invention comprises, in one form thereof, a support and transverse stabilization system for utility distribution units to be suspended in either of two elevational positions intermediate at least two generally horizontal elongated channels located within modular room divider panels. A plurality of legs are fixed to and extend laterally from each distribution unit and joined to a like plurality of brackets. Each bracket has at least two separate leg attachment locations for receiving corresponding threaded fasteners for joining a leg end to a bracket in either of at least two separate locations and each bracket includes at least two channel engaging feet with one foot extending from the bracket in a direction opposite the leg when the leg and bracket are joined in one location to engage the lower channel and the other foot extending from the bracket in a direction opposite the leg when the leg and bracket are joined in the other location to engage the lower channel.
- An advantage of the present invention is that the same mounting bracket assembly may be used in a variety of different mounting configurations.
- Another advantage is the reduction or elimination of pivotal motion when plugging into or unplugging from a utility distribution unit supported and stabilized according to the present invention.
- A further advantage is the quick, easy and rigid support of electrical or other utility distribution units at any one of several possible elevations.
- The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this invention, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of (an) embodiment(s) of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a channel bracket blank according to the invention in one form;
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the channel bracket of FIG. 1 after a first deformation;
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the channel bracket of FIG. 1 after a second deformation;
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the channel bracket of FIG. 1 after a third deformation;
- FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the channel bracket of FIG. 4
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a leg for interconnecting a distribution unit and bracket;
- FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of the leg of FIG. 6;
- FIG. 8 is an end elevation view of the leg of FIGS. 6 and 7;
- FIG. 9 is an end view partially in cross-section of a distribution unit stabilizing system;
- FIG. 10 is a top plan view of the system of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 is a side elevation view of the system of FIGS. 9 and 10 with the upper channel omitted;
- FIG. 12 is a side elevation view similar to FIG. 11, but showing distribution unit stabilization at a different elevational position;
- FIG. 13 is an end view partially in cross-section of the distribution unit stabilizing system of FIG. 12;
- FIG. 14 is a side elevation view similar to FIGS. 11 and 12, but showing distribution unit stabilization at yet another elevational position; and
- FIG. 15 is an end view partially in cross-section of the distribution unit stabilizing system of FIG. 14.
- Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplification(s) set out herein illustrates one preferred embodiment of the invention, in one form, and such exemplification(s) is(are) not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.
- Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 1, there is shown a bracket blank11 cut from a planar sheet of metal to be formed into a mounting bracket for facilitating the support of an electrical distribution unit. The blank 11 has a generally
elongated channel body 13 having a vertical axis of elongation as viewed, a firstchannel engaging foot 15 near one channel body end, a secondchannel engaging foot 17 near an opposite channel body end, and first andsecond arms channel body 13 intermediate thefirst foot 15 andsecond foot 17. Leg attachment openings such as open-ended slots elongated aperture 27 may also be formed in the blank 11. The use of slots rather than circular holes facilitates rapid assembly later. - The blank is then bent along dotted
line 29 to deform thefeet feet body 13 and the plane of the remaining sheet of metal now extend perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.Arms lines body 13 and into a plane generally orthogonal thereto to again be visible as seen in FIG. 3. Finally, the free ends of thearms lines feet - In FIGS.6-8, the
leg portion 55 of the bracket assembly is cut from a similar sheet of metal and provided with anoffset bend 39 and a pair ofrivet accepting apertures insert 49 is crimped to the leg and twotabs insert 49. - In FIGS.9-11, an
electrical distribution unit 51 havingelectrical outlets channel 53 at one preferred elevation above thechannel 53 by a pair oflegs 55 and alike leg 57, which are riveted at 59, 61, 63 and 65 to theunit 51 and depend downwardly therefrom. Channel 53 may, for example, be the lowermost channel of a wall panel. Thelegs screws like bracket 73. In FIGS. 9-11, thescrew 67 rests inslot 23 and threadedly engages theinsert 49. The channel engaging foot such as 17 at the lower body end rests in andouble U-shaped adapter 71. Thisadapter 71 adapts the bracketlower end 17 configuration to the contour of thechannel 53. Neither the spaced apart pair ofchannel engaging pads foot 15 are used in this installation. Thedistribution unit 51 has a pair of upwardly extendingposts upper channel 79 providing upper stabilization to thedistribution unit 51. - Comparing FIGS. 9 and 11 with FIGS. 12 and 13, it will be noted the
brackets 11 and 73 have been inverted and screws 67 and 69 now pass through the open-ended slots such asslot 25 and engage theleg insert 49. Thefoot 15 now rests in achannel 81 of a dissimilar cross-sectional configuration without any intervening adapter such as 71.Channel 81 may, for example, be an intermediate horizontally extending channel of a wall panel. In this case, theoutlets distribution 51 above a different channel. - Comparing FIGS. 9 and 11 with FIGS. 14 and 15, it will be noted the
brackets 11 and 73 have been rotated clockwise about ninety degrees so thepads channel 53, again, without any intervening adapter. Thescrews aperture 27 and engage theleg insert 49. The bracket has simply been rotated to now support and stabilize thedistribution 51 above, but much closer to, thechannel 53.Channel foot 17 engages the channel (by way of adapter 71) when thescrew 67 passes through theleg 55 andopening 23 while the pair ofchannel engaging pads elongated opening 27. - The process of installing electrical or other utility distribution units supported and stabilized between two elongated generally parallel channels should now be clear. A plurality of spaced
legs distribution 51 with each leg extending transversely to, and in generally the same direction from, the distribution. A plurality ofposts above channel 79 by theposts outlets brackets 11 and 73 are placed intermediate thedistribution 51 and thelower channel - While this invention has been described as having a preferred design, the present invention can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/899,613 US6357199B2 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2001-07-05 | Electrical system mounting assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/363,962 US6256950B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 1999-07-29 | Electrical system mounting assembly |
US09/899,613 US6357199B2 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2001-07-05 | Electrical system mounting assembly |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/363,962 Continuation US6256950B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 1999-07-29 | Electrical system mounting assembly |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010039772A1 true US20010039772A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
US6357199B2 US6357199B2 (en) | 2002-03-19 |
Family
ID=23432463
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/363,962 Expired - Lifetime US6256950B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 1999-07-29 | Electrical system mounting assembly |
US09/899,613 Expired - Lifetime US6357199B2 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2001-07-05 | Electrical system mounting assembly |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/363,962 Expired - Lifetime US6256950B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 1999-07-29 | Electrical system mounting assembly |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US6256950B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6464310B1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-10-15 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Graduated routing partition |
US20040045232A1 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2004-03-11 | Gerber Gregory P. | Receptacle mounting converter |
US20040226238A1 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-11-18 | Haapiainen Heikki Olavi | Methods and devices for building construction |
US7323882B1 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2008-01-29 | Pent Technologies, Inc. | System to place receptacles and distribution blocks |
IL164895A0 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2005-12-18 | Yair Hadan | Modular space dividing system |
US8910435B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 | 2014-12-16 | Steelcase Inc. | Partition assembly |
US9163782B2 (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2015-10-20 | Jack R. Kerr, Jr. | Support bracket for supporting an electrical box |
US8967054B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2015-03-03 | Kimball International, Inc. | Office desking system |
WO2018032015A2 (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | Patco Llc | Infill wall support clip |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2223680A (en) | 1937-01-18 | 1940-12-03 | Albert C Fischer | Bracketing device |
US2270796A (en) * | 1938-06-24 | 1942-01-20 | Bonner B Hauser | Door attachment hanger appliance |
US2729411A (en) * | 1953-03-26 | 1956-01-03 | Cahill John Lewis | Adjustable line hanger |
US2766959A (en) | 1955-05-03 | 1956-10-16 | Acme Homes Metal Works Inc | Attaching means for extension table slide mechanism |
US2916234A (en) | 1956-04-05 | 1959-12-08 | Jr Earl M Bogar | Mirror support |
US3064724A (en) | 1962-01-17 | 1962-11-20 | Richard A Nowell | Support for curtains and the like |
US3094305A (en) | 1962-07-02 | 1963-06-18 | Prec Parts Co Inc | Display clip |
US3337172A (en) | 1965-10-24 | 1967-08-22 | Randall E Jackson | Fixture supporting bracket |
US4158936A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1979-06-26 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Sound insulating space dividing panel assembly |
US4417373A (en) | 1981-10-26 | 1983-11-29 | Marathon Electric Manufacturing Corporation | Channel clamp |
US4593505A (en) * | 1984-06-08 | 1986-06-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Panel base electrical raceway |
US4993205A (en) * | 1988-11-23 | 1991-02-19 | The Shaw-Walker Company | Open office system partition panel assembly |
US5214889A (en) * | 1990-01-18 | 1993-06-01 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Electrified wall panel system |
US5267714A (en) | 1992-07-07 | 1993-12-07 | Sparton Corporation | Fuel tank hanger strap |
US5381994A (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1995-01-17 | Welch; Richard | Universal base |
US5806258A (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1998-09-15 | Haworth, Inc. | Wall panel system |
US6167664B1 (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 2001-01-02 | Knoll, Inc. | Hybrid office panel construction for a modular office furniture system |
-
1999
- 1999-07-29 US US09/363,962 patent/US6256950B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-07-05 US US09/899,613 patent/US6357199B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6357199B2 (en) | 2002-03-19 |
US6256950B1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
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