US20010013462A1 - Device for steering a conveyor belt - Google Patents
Device for steering a conveyor belt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010013462A1 US20010013462A1 US09/764,760 US76476001A US2001013462A1 US 20010013462 A1 US20010013462 A1 US 20010013462A1 US 76476001 A US76476001 A US 76476001A US 2001013462 A1 US2001013462 A1 US 2001013462A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- belt
- roller
- conveyor
- conveyor belt
- steering device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G39/00—Rollers, e.g. drive rollers, or arrangements thereof incorporated in roller-ways or other types of mechanical conveyors
- B65G39/10—Arrangements of rollers
- B65G39/12—Arrangements of rollers mounted on framework
- B65G39/16—Arrangements of rollers mounted on framework for aligning belts or chains
Abstract
For steering a conveyor belt (11) and centring the same relative to the intended path of travel of the belt, use is made of a belt position detecting means (22, 23) and belt readjusting means (24). The belt readjusting means (24) is a belt support roller (24) which is adapted to engage and roll against the belt and which is pivotable relative to the belt. According to the invention, the belt position detecting means (22, 23) and the belt support roller (24) are arranged on a roller cradle (21) which is connected with a frame (29) by means of inclined links (30) for pivoting and setting the belt support roller (24) in a pivoting position, in which the belt support roller by engaging the belt exerts a readjustment force thereon.
Description
- The present invention relates to a device for steering a conveyor belt in a belt conveyor.
- A common problem when operating belt conveyors is the tendency of the conveyor belt in operation to move laterally relative to the intended path of travel through the conveyor. Lateral displacement, i.e. displacement of the conveyor belt transversely of its direction of travel, may cause, inter alia, damage to the belt by the belt edges coming into contact with fixed parts on the belt conveyor frame.
- In order to solve this problem, many conveyors have been provided with one or more support rollers which support the conveyor belt during its return travel and which are manually angularly adjustable relative to the intended direction of travel of the belt. The angular orientation of these support rollers is adjusted during the running-in of the belt conveyor to ensure that in normal operational conditions the belt will travel through the conveyor in a correctly centred manner. If a tendency towards lateral displacement should arise in operation, due for instance to elongation of the conveyor belt during operation or to dirt and deposits accumulating on the end rollers of the conveyor manual postadjustment of the set angular position of these support rollers is necessary. Supplementary work is required therefor and furthermore in many cases the conveyor must be stopped during the adjustment work. By setting a support roller at an angle it is thus possible to compensate for the tendency of the belt to run out of line by moving laterally relative to its intended direction of travel.
- Moreover, devices have been suggested serving to automatically adjust the conveyor for adaptation thereof to such lateral motions of the conveyor belt. Such an automatic self-adjusting or self-aligning device is shown and described in NO-C-178853 and the corresponding PCT Publication WO9514627. However, this prior-art device does not aim at adjusting the position of the belt to maintain it in a centred position relative to the centre line of the conveyor frame but at ensuring that the support rollers are constantly directed perpendicular to the conveyor belt, whether the conveyor belt is centred or not. This aim is achieved by arranging for the belt side edges to travel along edge guide rollers arranged at one end of a double-arm lever, whose other end supports a stand in which the support roller is mounted. This mounting stand, which in its simplest form is a plate, is in turn pivotally connected with the double-arm lever. When the latter pivots in response to the engagement of the guide rollers with the belt edges, the support roller will automatically set itself at right angles to the belt travelling direction. In this prior-art device, return of the belt to the intended centre line of the path of travel of the belt might be achieved as a result of the edge guide rollers trying to push the belt back to a centred position.
- It has also been suggested that the belt be centred by letting it travel over a support roller stand containing two belt support rollers which are inclined and each engage a lateral edge portion of the belt in order to cup the belt around the central portion of the belt. This technique of achieving centring, however, does not always give the intended result.
- An improvement in relation to these prior-art devices is described in SE-C-507733 and the corresponding WO9819943. This device for steering a conveyor belt is capable of automatically returning a conveyor belt to the intended central position along a path of travel. Thus the steering device causes the conveyor belt to move as much as possible in a centred fashion over support rollers, drive rollers and end rollers in a belt conveyor.
- This prior-art device for steering a conveyor belt starts from the idea, known per se, of using a belt roller to compensate for the tendency towards lateral displacement of the belt. What differs this belt steering device from those previously known is that the angular orientation of the support roller occurs automatically and that the degree of obliqueness is determined by the extent of the lateral movement of the conveyor belt relative to the intended path of travel along the belt conveyor. For detecting the degree of displacement of the conveyor belt relative to the intended path, use is made of belt position detecting means which are connected with the belt support roller via a linkage system for pivoting in the principal plane of the belt and setting of the belt support roller in a pivoting position, in which the belt support roller, owing to its engagement with the belt, exerts a readjusting force on the belt, so that the conveyor belt is steered back and is centred relative to the intended path of travel of the belt. According to SE-C 507733 and the corresponding WO9819943, the belt readjusting means thus is a belt support roller which engages the belt and rolls against the same and which is pivotable in the principal plane of the belt, and the belt position detecting means is connected with the belt support roller via a linkage system for pivoting and adjusting the belt support roller in a pivotal position, in which the belt support roller, owing to its engagement with the belt, exerts a readjustment force on the belt.
- This prior-art conveyor belt steering device functions very well but suffers from one drawback—it functions merely in one belt travelling direction. This means that the prior-art conveyor belt steering device cannot be used in conveyor belt installations having a reversible direction of travel of the conveyor belt since, when reversing the direction of travel of the belt, the belt position detecting means and the belt readjusting means must change places and also the linkage system must be turned around.
- An object of the invention therefore is to provide a new conveyor belt steering device which functions well independently of the direction of travel of the conveyor belt and which therefore can be used also for conveyor belt installations with reversible conveyor belts.
- The invention is based on the per se known idea of using belt position detecting means which detect the lateral position of the conveyor belt relative to the intended path of travel of the belt and which are operatively connected with belt readjusting means which actuate the conveyor belt to be returned to the intended centred position along the intended path of travel of the belt. The novel feature of the invention is how the belt readjusting means is designed and connected with the belt position detecting means and how the readjustment of the conveyor belt occurs.
- That characterising the invention is stated in the independent claim while the dependent claims define particularly preferred embodiments of this invention.
- To sum up, the invention can be considered to reside in belt position detecting means and belt readjusting means being arranged on a roller cradle which is connected with a frame by means of inclined links for pivoting and setting the belt roller in a pivoting position, in which the belt support roller is inclined to exert, by engaging the belt, a readjustment force on the same.
- The invention will be now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate a few embodiments of a belt steering device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a belt conveyor provided with a belt steering device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an end view of a first preferred embodiment of a belt steering device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the belt steering device shown in FIG. 2 in its position when the conveyor belt travels in a centred manner along the intended path of travel through the belt conveyor.
- FIG. 4 is an end view of the belt steering device in FIG. 3 with a section through the conveyor belt.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the same belt steering device as in FIG. 3 but in a position in which the belt has been displaced in one direction relative to its intended centred position and in which the belt support roller of the belt steering device has been automatically inclined to return the belt to the intended centred position.
- FIG. 6 is an end view of the same belt steering device as in FIG. 5, with a section through the conveyor belt.
- FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a second preferred embodiment of a belt steering device according to the invention in its position when the conveyor belt travels in a centred manner along the intended path of travel through the belt conveyor.
- FIG. 8 is an end view of the same belt steering device as in FIG. 7, with a section through the conveyor belt.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the same belt steering device as in FIG. 7 but in a position in which the belt has been displaced in one direction relative to its intended centred position and in which the belt support roller of the belt steering device has been automatically inclined to return the belt to the intended centred position.
- FIG. 10 is an end view of the same belt steering device as in FIG. 9, with a section through the conveyor belt.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a third embodiment which corresponds to the embodiment according to FIGS.2-6 but which has inclined belt support rollers for cupping the conveyor belt.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a fourth embodiment which corresponds to the embodiment according to FIGS.7-10 but which has inclined belt support rollers for cupping the conveyor belt.
- FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a
belt conveyor 10. It comprises anendless conveyor belt 11 which travels between end anddrive rollers 12. The belt conveyor has aloading station 13 and anunloading station 14. To support the upper run of the conveyor belt between theend rollers 12 there arebelt support rollers 17. Also under itsreturn run 16, the belt is supported by means ofbelt support rollers 18, which, however, can be arranged at a greater distance from each other than thebelt support rollers 17. According to the invention, the belt conveyor is provided with an automaticbelt steering device 20, which in this embodiment is placed along the return run 16 close to the loading end of the belt conveyor. Within the scope of the invention, a belt conveyor can have a plurality of suchbelt steering devices 20. - A preferred embodiment of the
belt steering device 20 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 2-6. The belt steering device comprises aroller cradle 21, which supports two belt position detecting means 22, 23 and abelt support roller 24 which is directed essentially transversely of the intended path of the travel of the conveyor belt (arrows 25). In the shown embodiment, the roller cradle has twotransverse bars 26.Roller holders 27 are arranged between thebars 26 and attached thereto by means ofsleeves 28. In the shown embodiment, two belt detecting means 22 are arranged on one side of the conveyor belt and two belt detecting means 23 on the other side of the conveyor belt, so that the forces exerted on the roller cradle when the conveyor belt moves in the lateral direction, are equalised. However, it is also possible to use only one belt detecting means on each side of the conveyor belt. - The belt position detecting means22, 23 are in the form of rollers which are rotatably mounted to roll against the edges of the conveyor belt in operation.
- The
roller cradle 21 is connected with theframe stand 29 of the conveyor belt installation by means oflinks 30. The links are pivotable on apivot 31 on the frame and apivot 32 on theroller cradle 21 and are inclined because the distance between thepivots 31 on the frame is greater than the distance between thepivots 32 on theroller cradle 21. Thepivots roller cradle 21 are attached to acrossbar 36 withend sleeves 34, through which thebars 26 are passed and which are attachable to thebars 26 in a suitable position for controlling the distance between thepivots 32 and, thus, the angle of the links relative to the bars. In this example, there are double links at each end of the roller cradle, but in certain cases one link at each end may be sufficient. - The
conveyor belt 11 travels in contact with thebelt support roller 24 on the far side of thebars 26 of the roller cradle. A pressing force is maintained between the conveyor belt and thebelt support roller 24 due to the fact that the belt roller, as is evident from FIG. 2, is arranged in such a position that the conveyor belt is pressed downwards between two successivebelt support rollers 18 in the conveyor belt installation. - The function of the device is evident when comparing FIGS. 3 and 4 with FIGS. 5 and 6. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the
conveyor belt 11 travels in its neutral position along the intended path of the travel. If the conveyor belt for one reason or another should begin to move to the left in respect of FIGS. 3 and 4, the left edge of the conveyor belt will be caught by the belt position detecting means orrollers 22, which consequently will be displaced to the left (arrows 35). Since therollers 22 are connected with thebars 26 and cannot be displaced along the same, this will cause the roller cradle to be pivoted downwards at the left side (with respect to FIGS. 4 and 6), so that the entire roller cradle is inclined. The inclination causes in turn the left edge of the conveyor belt to have a longer path of travel and thus conveyor belt begins to move back to the starting position (the neutral position according to FIGS. 3 and 4). - If the belt should move to the right, the effect will be the opposite, i.e. inclination of the roller cradle in the other direction and return of the belt from the right to the left.
- Since the inclination of the
belt support roller 24 occurs in a plane which is angled to the principal plane of the conveyor belt, this conveyor belt steering device is independent of the direction in which the conveyor belt moves through the belt steering device. This means that the conveyor belt steering device will function automatically and in a correct manner also when reversing the belt travelling direction in the conveyor belt installation. This is in contrast to the currently best known belt steering device as disclosed in SE-C-507733 and the corresponding WO9819943. - The embodiment according to FIGS.7-10 differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 2-6 only in respect of how the links are angled and how the conveyor belt engages the
belt support roller 24. In this case, the conveyor belt is located on the same side of the roller cradle as thepivots 31 on theframe 29. For a lateral displacement of theconveyor belt 11 to be corrected and the belt be returned to the intended neutral position, thelinks 32 must be inclined in opposite directions, i.e. the distance between thepivots 31 of the frame is shorter than the distance between thepivots 32 of the roller cradle. Otherwise, this conveyor belt steering device works in the same manner as the steering device according to FIGS. 2-6. However, there is one difference since, in the steering device according to FIGS. 2-6, the conveyor belt has been forced to travel in an arcuate form between twobelt support rollers 18 for the belt to travel with pressing force in contact with thebelt support roller 24. In the steering device according to FIGS. 7-10, the required pressing force is achieved by the belt being pressed by gravity against thebelt support roller 24. - FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate two more embodiments of the invention. In these two cases, the
belt support roller 24 is replaced by two angledbelt support rollers conveyor belt 11 in order to cup the same. Consequently, also the belt position detecting means orrollers parallel bars 26, on which the various components are attachable by means ofsleeves - In one embodiment (not shown), the central portion of the belt can also be supported by a belt support roller which in that case is arranged between the two angled
belt support rollers - As mentioned above, the
links 30 are inclined in one or the other direction according to the side of the belt support roller that is pressed against the conveyor belt. The degree of inclination of the links may vary although an angle of 450 has been selected. Both the angle and the length of the links affect the degree of inclination of the roller cradle when the conveyor belt is displaced laterally. A greater degree of inclination causes a quicker return of the conveyor belt to the neutral position. A person skilled in the art can, by simple tests, determine the degree of inclination which is most convenient in the individual case.
Claims (6)
1. A belt steering device for adjusting the lateral position of a conveyor belt (11) relative to an intended belt travelling path, comprising a frame (29) and belt position detecting and readjusting means (21-24; 36, 37), which have at least one belt support roller (24; 36, 37) being arranged for pivotal movement relative to the frame and engaging the belt, and which have belt position detecting means (22, 23) operatively connected with the belt support roller and intended for pivoting and setting the belt roller (24; 36, 37) in a pivoting position, in which the belt roller by its engagement with the belt exerts a readjustment force thereon, characterised in that the belt support roller (24; 36, 37) and the belt position detecting means (22, 23) are arranged on a roller cradle (21), that the roller cradle is pivotally connected with the frame (29) by means of at least one inclined link (30) on each side of the intended path of travel of the conveyor belt, that the inclined links (30) are at one end articulated to the stand (29) by means of a first pivot (31) and at their other end articulated to the roller cradle (21) by means of a second pivot (32), the distance between the first pivots (31) arranged on either side of the belt differing from the distance between the second pivots (32) arranged on either side of the belt, and that the belt position detecting means (22, 23) are attached to the roller cradle (21).
2. A belt steering device as claimed in , characterised in that the distance between said first pivots (31) on the frame (29) is shorter than the distance between said second pivots on the roller cradle (21), and that the roller cradle (21) and its belt support roller (24) are adapted to support the conveyor belt against the side of the belt support roller facing away from said first pivots (31) of the frame (29).
claim 1
3. A belt steering device as claimed in , characterised in that the distance between said first pivots (31) on the frame (29) is longer than the distance between said second pivots (32) on the roller cradle (21), and that the roller cradle (21) and its belt support roller (24) are adapted to support the conveyor belt against the side of the belt support roller facing said first pivots (31) of the frame (29).
claim 1
4. A belt steering device as claimed in , or 3, characterised in that the roller cradle (21) comprises belt support rollers (36, 37) which are inclined for cupping the conveyor belt (11).
claim 1
2
5. A belt steering device as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, characterised in that on each side of the intended path of travel of the conveyor belt (11), the roller cradle (21) has two belt position detecting means (22, 23) which are arranged at a distance from one another, seen in the direction of travel of the conveyor belt.
6. A belt steering device as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, characterised in that the links (30) are inclined at an angle of about 45° to the roller cradle (21).
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9903134A SE9903134L (en) | 1999-09-03 | 1999-09-03 | Conveyor Control |
SE9903134-6 | 1999-09-03 | ||
SE9903134 | 1999-09-03 | ||
PCT/SE2000/001081 WO2001017881A1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2000-05-26 | Device for steering a conveyor belt |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE2000/001081 Continuation WO2001017881A1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2000-05-26 | Device for steering a conveyor belt |
SEPCT/SEOO/01081 Continuation | 2000-05-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010013462A1 true US20010013462A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
US6431348B2 US6431348B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
Family
ID=20416863
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/764,760 Expired - Fee Related US6431348B2 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2001-01-16 | Device for steering a conveyor belt |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6431348B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1224136A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU760891B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0013756B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2381611A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO327118B1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE9903134L (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001017881A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200201078B (en) |
Cited By (5)
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CN102167214A (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2011-08-31 | 无锡市南亚科技有限公司 | Detecting and positioning mechanism of full-automatic silicon wafer detecting and separating device |
US20150232282A1 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2015-08-20 | Mettler-Toledo, LLC | Conveyor belt tracking mechanism and conveyor employing the same |
US9611101B1 (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-04-04 | Richwood Industries Inc. | Return belt tracking idler for conveyor belt system |
US20180326467A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-11-15 | Primetals Technologies, Limited | Roller table apparatus and method of using roller table apparatus |
CN109051607A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-21 | 广西三威林产工业有限公司 | Fiberboard slab deviation correcting device |
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US6644465B1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-11 | Dube Bert Y. | Conveyor roller nip point automatic protection device |
US7520378B2 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2009-04-21 | Tennant Company | Chain driven conveyor having automatic tensioning street sweeping method and system |
NO325963B1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2008-08-25 | Techno Track As | Conveyor belt aligning device |
JP5224094B2 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2013-07-03 | 株式会社リコー | Belt device and image forming apparatus |
CN101486408B (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2011-05-11 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Self-adjusting apparatus for leather belt running deviation |
US8078092B2 (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2011-12-13 | Xerox Corporation | Apparatus and method for controlling the axial rate of movement of a fusing belt in a printing apparatus |
US8081915B2 (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2011-12-20 | Xerox Corporation | Apparatus and method for controlling the change of direction of a fusing belt in a printing apparatus |
JP2012076837A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-19 | Brother Industries Ltd | Recording device |
US8474604B2 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2013-07-02 | Souhel Khanania | Systems and methods for belt alignment |
CN102344043B (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2013-08-14 | 大连华锐重工集团股份有限公司 | Automatic offset material centering device of material taking machine for loading and unloading bulk material |
AU2013203168A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-26 | Flexible Steel Lacing Company | Apparatus and method for tracking conveyor belts |
US9027744B1 (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-05-12 | James E. Balcar | Center loading assembly for a conveyor belt |
US9061831B1 (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-23 | Precision, Inc. | Conveyor belt aligning apparatus |
CN104960841B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-07-07 | 淮北合众机械设备有限公司 | A kind of bearing-type double leval jib automatic deviation rectifying device |
CA3004840A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | Flexible Steel Lacing Company | Apparatus and method for tracking conveyor belts |
US10264728B2 (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-04-23 | Deere & Company | Harvester head draper belt tracking |
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- 1999-09-03 SE SE9903134A patent/SE9903134L/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-05-26 EP EP00937460A patent/EP1224136A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-26 AU AU52630/00A patent/AU760891B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-05-26 BR BRPI0013756-1A patent/BR0013756B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-26 WO PCT/SE2000/001081 patent/WO2001017881A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-05-26 CA CA002381611A patent/CA2381611A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2001
- 2001-01-16 US US09/764,760 patent/US6431348B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-02-06 NO NO20020588A patent/NO327118B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-07 ZA ZA200201078A patent/ZA200201078B/en unknown
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US20150232282A1 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2015-08-20 | Mettler-Toledo, LLC | Conveyor belt tracking mechanism and conveyor employing the same |
US9145262B2 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2015-09-29 | Mettler-Toledo, LLC | Conveyor belt tracking mechanism and conveyor employing the same |
US9611101B1 (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-04-04 | Richwood Industries Inc. | Return belt tracking idler for conveyor belt system |
US9845200B2 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2017-12-19 | Richwood Industries Inc. | Return belt tracking idler for conveyor belt system |
US20180326467A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-11-15 | Primetals Technologies, Limited | Roller table apparatus and method of using roller table apparatus |
US10421107B2 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2019-09-24 | Primetals Technologies, Limited | Roller table apparatus and method of using roller table apparatus |
CN109051607A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-21 | 广西三威林产工业有限公司 | Fiberboard slab deviation correcting device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NO327118B1 (en) | 2009-04-27 |
BR0013756B1 (en) | 2009-01-13 |
US6431348B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
CA2381611A1 (en) | 2001-03-15 |
BR0013756A (en) | 2002-05-21 |
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WO2001017881A1 (en) | 2001-03-15 |
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AU5263000A (en) | 2001-04-10 |
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AU760891B2 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
SE9903134L (en) | 2000-12-11 |
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