US20010002545A1 - Method and apparatus for forming blanks - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for forming blanks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010002545A1 US20010002545A1 US09/472,192 US47219299A US2001002545A1 US 20010002545 A1 US20010002545 A1 US 20010002545A1 US 47219299 A US47219299 A US 47219299A US 2001002545 A1 US2001002545 A1 US 2001002545A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- forming
- die
- expansion elements
- expansion
- edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/10—Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads
- B21D22/12—Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads using enclosed flexible chambers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for forming blanks.
- the problem of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus by means of which a postforming of blanks can take place in critical edge and corner regions.
- the set problem is solved in the case of a method of the aforementioned type in that a postforming of preformed blanks exclusively takes place by means of high liquid pressure in the edge and corner regions.
- An apparatus for forming blanks for solving the set problem is characterized by a forming die with concave expansion spaces in its edge and corner regions.
- expansion spaces formed at edge and corner regions of a forming die part are subject to a high liquid pressure and in particular in recessed edge and corner regions of a forming die part (forming insert) closed expansion elements engaging in regions of the blank to be formed are subject to high liquid pressure.
- the expansion spaces of the corresponding die part which can be a forming insert, but also an upper or lower part of a die, provided that thereon by convex cavity blocks can be constructed concave areas of the workpiece or blank facing the same, are directly exposed to the high liquid pressure.
- a forming insert in planar areas or regions with large radii, at least if no small radii have to be formed in marginal areas of the workpiece up to the closing edges of the die parts and particularly if the latter are surrounded by a separate pressure casing, it is possible to produce an adequate pressure drop.
- separate expansion elements which, according to a preferred development, can comprise tubes and whose material is preferably polymer or elastically or plastically deformable metal and in the latter case the expansion elements are permanent elements.
- the invention is more particularly usable with a die for internal high pressure forming with a spacer provided between the upper and lower part of the die, in which in at least one of said die parts is formed a workpiece and in which the liquid supply line for forming the workpiece takes place through the spacer, as described in the parallel patent application “Method and apparatus for the hydraulic forming of a workpiece” of the present applicant and whose content is made fully into part of the present disclosure.
- the spacer is removed after preforming the workpiece and a forming insert constructed according to the invention is placed in the die and the die upper and lower parts from the first internal high pressure forming phase can be used without any change for postforming.
- the forming insert is a complete or partial form or shape memory of the sheet metal blank final geometry, which optionally has said expansion elements in the corner and edge regions to be postformed or calibrated.
- the expansion of the expansion elements is limited by the positive engagement of the insert, i.e. the walls of the insert bounding the expansion spaces receiving the expansion elements and serving as abutments.
- FIG. 1 A die lower part with a blank preformed therein.
- FIG. 2 The object of FIG. 1 with the preferred, inserted forming insert according to the invention.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 Detail representations for fixing expansion elements in a forming die.
- FIG. 1 shows a lower part of a forming die for forming workpieces by means of high liquid pressure which has acted on the concave side of the workpiece 2 shown.
- the workpiece 2 can be constructed together with another workpiece having the same or a different design and forced into the cavity block of a die upper part, in which the high pressure is applied between the two workpieces, in accordance with DE 197 28 276 or DE 195 35 870, and between both workpieces, optionally a spacer can be provided, through which the filling pressure is passed.
- the workpiece 2 can be formed alone and then a die upper part is required, but can have a random shaping.
- forming takes place in a closed pressure casing separate from and surrounding the die.
- the invention now provides for the separate postforming of the in particular concave edges 3 , 4 , 5 of the workpiece 2 .
- an insert 6 is provided, which over most of its circumference engaging on the workpiece 2 follows the cavity block of the die part, in this case the lower part of the die, but the edge and corner regions 7 have concave expansion recesses 8 into which issue the pressure lines.
- expansion elements 9 closed in the expansion spaces 8 and which can e.g. comprise tubes, preferably of highly loadable, flexible, elastic polymer material.
- the expansion elements 9 can also be deformable metal tubes or pipes, which are shaped solely in their elasticity range, whereby the cross-sectional diameter of the expansion elements 9 can be small, or in the case of plastic deformation can also be permanent expansion elements.
- the expansion elements 9 are connected to a liquid high pressure line leading in the die to the insert 8 and pressure is produced in the conventional manner for internal high pressure forming.
- the die lower part 1 is part of an internal high pressure forming die
- separate pressure casing is opened and if two workpieces are formed the upper blank is also raised.
- the forming insert 6 is inserted or swung in between the two blanks and consequently the two die parts, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the die and an optionally surrounding pressure casing is closed again. Liquid is then introduced under high pressure into the expansion spaces 8 and more precisely in the represented embodiment into the expansion elements 9 .
- the die (optionally with the pressure casing) can be opened again and the finish-formed workpiece 2 can be removed from the die part (here the lower part).
- the postforming of the edges and corners 3 to 5 of a preformed workpiece 2 can also take place in a postforming die, separate from the preforming die, with the die lower part 1 and forming insert 6 .
- the empty die die lower part 1
- the forming insert 6 is introduced.
- a separate die upper part is not required and if working takes place with closed expansion elements 9 , there is no need for a separate pressure casing.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 reveal measures for fixing the expansion elements to a die part or forming insert 6 .
- the forming insert 6 has a cross-sectionally pitch circular groove 11 with undercuts 12 , 13 , in which is inserted in form-closed manner the cross-sectionally 8-shaped expansion element with the upper part thereof (in the drawing).
- There are two pressurizable cavities 14 , 15 which are separated by a web 16 .
- the cavity 15 could be constructed with fully elastic material. Alternatively the web 16 can be omitted, so that the cavities 14 , 15 pass into one another.
- the expansion element 9 has lateral cover plates 19 , which are covered by holding plates 22 fixed to the forming insert 6 by screws 21 .
- holding plates 22 fixed to the forming insert 6 by screws 21 .
- FIG. 6 shows the groove 11 without an undercut.
- the expansion element is bonded to the bottom of the groove by means of adhesive 23 and is consequently held frictionally.
- adhesive 23 instead of a flat bottom, it would obviously also be possible to have a pitch circular bottom.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a method for forming blanks.
- If small radii are to be produced in edge and corner regions of workpieces by means of internal high pressure forming, i.e. forming by means of pressurizing the workpieces with a high liquid pressure in suitable forming dies, then for shaping these small radii extremely high pressures of about 4000 bar and higher are necessary. Thus, for keeping closed the die parts and/or a surrounding pressure casing, particularly in the case of large-surface area parts, very high keeping closed forces are necessary, which are difficult to achieve. This more particularly applies in conventional internal high pressure forming, in which the die simultaneously constitutes the pressure enclosure for the liquid bringing about forming. The invention more particularly relates to blanks preformed by means of internal high pressure forming and is in particular part of a corresponding method. However, it can also be used for otherwise preformed blanks.
- Thus, the problem of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus by means of which a postforming of blanks can take place in critical edge and corner regions.
- According to the invention, the set problem is solved in the case of a method of the aforementioned type in that a postforming of preformed blanks exclusively takes place by means of high liquid pressure in the edge and corner regions. An apparatus for forming blanks for solving the set problem is characterized by a forming die with concave expansion spaces in its edge and corner regions.
- According to a preferred development of the inventive method, only expansion spaces formed at edge and corner regions of a forming die part are subject to a high liquid pressure and in particular in recessed edge and corner regions of a forming die part (forming insert) closed expansion elements engaging in regions of the blank to be formed are subject to high liquid pressure. The expansion spaces of the corresponding die part, which can be a forming insert, but also an upper or lower part of a die, provided that thereon by convex cavity blocks can be constructed concave areas of the workpiece or blank facing the same, are directly exposed to the high liquid pressure. As a result of the tight engagement of a die part enclosing the workpiece or blank within it and e.g. a forming insert in planar areas or regions with large radii, at least if no small radii have to be formed in marginal areas of the workpiece up to the closing edges of the die parts and particularly if the latter are surrounded by a separate pressure casing, it is possible to produce an adequate pressure drop. However, as stated, preferably there are separate expansion elements which, according to a preferred development, can comprise tubes and whose material is preferably polymer or elastically or plastically deformable metal and in the latter case the expansion elements are permanent elements.
- As a result of the apparatus according to the invention, in edge or corner regions of a preformed workpiece or blank, local radii can be postformed under high liquid pressure. As a result of the small projection surface in the case of liquid pressurization solely in edge and corner regions and in which the transverse dimensions of the surfaces exposed thereto are only a few millimeters, it is possible to work with limited forces, particularly limited pressing and closing forces. Due to the fact that the expansion spaces to be filled with liquid under high pressure are very small compared with the spaces normally having to be filled in the case of internal high pressure forming, a rapid filling of said expansion spaces in the corner and edge regions is possible, so that short process times can be achieved for the postforming according to the invention.
- The invention is more particularly usable with a die for internal high pressure forming with a spacer provided between the upper and lower part of the die, in which in at least one of said die parts is formed a workpiece and in which the liquid supply line for forming the workpiece takes place through the spacer, as described in the parallel patent application “Method and apparatus for the hydraulic forming of a workpiece” of the present applicant and whose content is made fully into part of the present disclosure. In this case the spacer is removed after preforming the workpiece and a forming insert constructed according to the invention is placed in the die and the die upper and lower parts from the first internal high pressure forming phase can be used without any change for postforming. The forming insert is a complete or partial form or shape memory of the sheet metal blank final geometry, which optionally has said expansion elements in the corner and edge regions to be postformed or calibrated. The expansion of the expansion elements is limited by the positive engagement of the insert, i.e. the walls of the insert bounding the expansion spaces receiving the expansion elements and serving as abutments.
- Further advantages and features of the invention can be gathered from the claims and following description of an embodiment of the invention with reference to the attached drawings, wherein show:
- FIG. 1 A die lower part with a blank preformed therein.
- FIG. 2 The object of FIG. 1 with the preferred, inserted forming insert according to the invention.
- FIGS.3 to 6 Detail representations for fixing expansion elements in a forming die.
- FIG. 1 shows a lower part of a forming die for forming workpieces by means of high liquid pressure which has acted on the concave side of the
workpiece 2 shown. Theworkpiece 2 can be constructed together with another workpiece having the same or a different design and forced into the cavity block of a die upper part, in which the high pressure is applied between the two workpieces, in accordance with DE 197 28 276 or DE 195 35 870, and between both workpieces, optionally a spacer can be provided, through which the filling pressure is passed. Alternatively theworkpiece 2 can be formed alone and then a die upper part is required, but can have a random shaping. Preferably when working with high hydraulic pressure, forming takes place in a closed pressure casing separate from and surrounding the die. The invention now provides for the separate postforming of the in particularconcave edges workpiece 2. For this purpose aninsert 6 is provided, which over most of its circumference engaging on theworkpiece 2 follows the cavity block of the die part, in this case the lower part of the die, but the edge and corner regions 7 have concave expansion recesses 8 into which issue the pressure lines. In the embodiment shown in the drawings for this purpose there areexpansion elements 9 closed in theexpansion spaces 8 and which can e.g. comprise tubes, preferably of highly loadable, flexible, elastic polymer material. However, as a function of the complexity of the edges and the degree of forming required for the areas to be postformed, theexpansion elements 9 can also be deformable metal tubes or pipes, which are shaped solely in their elasticity range, whereby the cross-sectional diameter of theexpansion elements 9 can be small, or in the case of plastic deformation can also be permanent expansion elements. - The
expansion elements 9 are connected to a liquid high pressure line leading in the die to theinsert 8 and pressure is produced in the conventional manner for internal high pressure forming. - If, as stated at the beginning of the description, the die
lower part 1 is part of an internal high pressure forming die, following the preforming of theworkpiece 2 by internal high pressure forming the die and optionally the surrounding, separate pressure casing is opened and if two workpieces are formed the upper blank is also raised. Then the forminginsert 6 is inserted or swung in between the two blanks and consequently the two die parts, as shown in FIG. 2. Subsequently the die and an optionally surrounding pressure casing is closed again. Liquid is then introduced under high pressure into theexpansion spaces 8 and more precisely in the represented embodiment into theexpansion elements 9. The latter expand in their area not supported by the forminginsert 6 against theedge regions die 1. As a result the radii of curvature in the edge and corner regions of theworkpiece 2, which according to FIG. 1 are initially relatively large, are significantly reduced and approach the radii of curvature of the die part in the edge and corner regions. - Following the postforming of the edges and
corners 3 to 5 the die (optionally with the pressure casing) can be opened again and the finish-formedworkpiece 2 can be removed from the die part (here the lower part). - Fundamentally the postforming of the edges and
corners 3 to 5 of apreformed workpiece 2 can also take place in a postforming die, separate from the preforming die, with the dielower part 1 and forminginsert 6. In this case in the empty die (die lower part 1) is inserted thepreformed workpiece 1 and then the forminginsert 6 is introduced. In this case a separate die upper part is not required and if working takes place with closedexpansion elements 9, there is no need for a separate pressure casing. - Whereas in FIGS. 1 and 2 the fixing of the
expansion elements 9 to the die part or forming insert is not shown in detail and the expansion elements can be inserted in the shown manner in the existing recesses of the forminginsert 6, FIGS. 3 to 6 reveal measures for fixing the expansion elements to a die part or forminginsert 6. In the case of FIG. 3 the forminginsert 6 has a cross-sectionally pitchcircular groove 11 withundercuts 12, 13, in which is inserted in form-closed manner the cross-sectionally 8-shaped expansion element with the upper part thereof (in the drawing). There are twopressurizable cavities web 16. Thecavity 15 could be constructed with fully elastic material. Alternatively theweb 16 can be omitted, so that thecavities - In the case of FIG. 4 for receiving part of the
expansion element 9 there is also agroove 11 withundercuts 12, 13, into which engage in the insertion direction conically bevelledlugs 17 of a holding area of theexpansion element 9 of the form-closed fixture. - In FIG. 5 the
expansion element 9 haslateral cover plates 19, which are covered byholding plates 22 fixed to the forminginsert 6 byscrews 21. Thus, through said holding plates and thescrews 21 passing through thecover plates 19 there is a form-closed fixing of theexpansion element 9 to the forminginsert 6. - FIG. 6 shows the
groove 11 without an undercut. The expansion element is bonded to the bottom of the groove by means of adhesive 23 and is consequently held frictionally. Instead of a flat bottom, it would obviously also be possible to have a pitch circular bottom. There can also be a combination of the fixing procedures of FIGS. 3 to 5 on the one hand (form-closure) and FIG. 6 on the other (frictional). -
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Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19860851A DE19860851A1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 1998-12-31 | Method and device for molding molded parts |
DE19860851.9 | 1998-12-31 | ||
DE19860851 | 1998-12-31 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010002545A1 true US20010002545A1 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
US6308545B2 US6308545B2 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
Family
ID=7893201
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/472,192 Expired - Fee Related US6308545B2 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 1999-12-27 | Method and apparatus for forming blanks |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6308545B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1016473B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE263641T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19860851A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1016473T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2216426T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2814387B1 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-12-06 | Aerospatiale Matra Airbus | METHOD FOR HYDROFORMING SHEETS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME |
US7726165B2 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2010-06-01 | Alcoa Inc. | Manufacturing process to produce a necked container |
US7934410B2 (en) * | 2006-06-26 | 2011-05-03 | Alcoa Inc. | Expanding die and method of shaping containers |
KR20180050415A (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2018-05-14 | 알코아 유에스에이 코포레이션 | Shaped metal container and method for making same |
US9327338B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2016-05-03 | Alcoa Inc. | Knockout for use while necking a metal container, die system for necking a metal container and method of necking a metal container |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2997093A (en) * | 1958-01-10 | 1961-08-22 | Keelavite Co Ltd | Pumps |
US3280608A (en) * | 1959-07-28 | 1966-10-25 | Arthur R Parilla | Incremental tube or vessel expander |
US3344646A (en) * | 1961-03-15 | 1967-10-03 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method for making thin metal sheet tapered receptacles |
US3827130A (en) * | 1970-09-18 | 1974-08-06 | Cegedur | Method of making thermoplastic lined metal bodies |
JPS5838620A (en) * | 1981-08-31 | 1983-03-07 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Die for forming local part of thin metallic plate |
US4829803A (en) * | 1987-05-06 | 1989-05-16 | Ti Corporate Services Limited | Method of forming box-like frame members |
CA2184996A1 (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1995-11-09 | Thomas D. Coe | Method and apparatus for hydro-forming thin-walled workpieces |
US5749254A (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1998-05-12 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Air bearing assist in pneumatic forming of thin foil materials |
US5916317A (en) * | 1996-01-04 | 1999-06-29 | Ball Corporation | Metal container body shaping/embossing |
-
1998
- 1998-12-31 DE DE19860851A patent/DE19860851A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-12-15 DK DK99125004T patent/DK1016473T3/en active
- 1999-12-15 DE DE59909109T patent/DE59909109D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-15 ES ES99125004T patent/ES2216426T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-15 AT AT99125004T patent/ATE263641T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-15 EP EP99125004A patent/EP1016473B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-27 US US09/472,192 patent/US6308545B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE263641T1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
ES2216426T3 (en) | 2004-10-16 |
US6308545B2 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
EP1016473A2 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
DE19860851A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
DE59909109D1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
EP1016473B1 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
EP1016473A3 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
DK1016473T3 (en) | 2004-08-02 |
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Legal Events
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Owner name: KUKA WERKZEUGBAU SCHWARZENBERG GMBH, GERMAN DEMOCR Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BURGEL, LONKA;SCHIECK, FRANK;REEL/FRAME:010508/0316 Effective date: 19991213 |
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Year of fee payment: 4 |
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Owner name: KUKA SYSTEMS GMBH, GERMANY Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:KUKA WERKZEUGBAU SCHWARZENBERG GMBH;REEL/FRAME:020487/0288 Effective date: 20071213 |
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LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
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FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20091030 |