US1999595A - Refrigerating system - Google Patents

Description

' April 1935. D. REYNOLDS 1,999,595

REFRIGERATING' SYSTEM F iled May 2, 1952 e Sheets-Sheet 1 Ill lNVENTOR Dam/'0 A. Fey/704915 4 BY 61444 ATTORNEY D. L. REYNOLDS REFRIGERATING SYSTEM April 30, 1935.

e Shets-Sheet 2 Filed May 2, 1932 .llllblllllill-l I INVENTOR 50 [a (.1? 00 63 BY {444 ATTORNEY D. 1.. REYNOLDS 1,999,595

REFRIGERATING SYSTEM Filed May 2, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR 54/00/03 ATTORNEY Dam/m7 '1 April 30, 1935.

April 30,1935. L, REYNOLD 1,999,595

REFRIGERATING SYSTEM Filed May 2, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR fibril/0n Lgg/ 0% ATTORNE April 30, 1935.

D. L. REYNOLDS REFRIGERATING SYSTEM Filed May 2, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 30, loss 9 1,999,595

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EEFBIGERATING SYSTEM Damian L. Reynolds, Hillsboro, Calif.

Application May 2, 1932, Serial No. 608,699

23 Claims. (Cl. 62-20) This invention relates to refrigerator cars, and invention is best defined by the appended claims. more particularly to such cars that utilize an ice Referring to the drawings: compartment or bunker at one or both ends of Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portion a. the car. Such bunkers are separated from the refrigerator car embodying the invention, the ice cargo compartment by a suitable bulkhead struccompartment being shown in section; 5

ture, so formed as to permit circulation of cold Fig.2 is a diagram of a complete installation a r from t e bu ker into the Ca space. showing the circulating system in the cargo com- This circulation, however, is apt to be somepartment; what ineflicient, as it is secured mainly by dif- 'Fjgs 3, 4 d 5 are diagrams illustrating vaferences in the density Of 001d. and warn]. air. rious forms of the circulating pipes may be Furthermore, the liquid or brine resulting from utilized as desired in my System;

the melting ice is usually discharged immediate- Fig 5 is an enlarged detail sectional View,

1y outside or the car, although it is still capable showing the structure of some of the control M of absorbing a large quantity of heat. In my prior application, Serial No. 362,674,filed May 13, $2 is a detail section taken m plane 15 1929 for Refrigerator car, I describe a system in 3 Fig which the melted liquid or brine is retained for a period in a deep pan in the bottom of the 8 is an enlarged View m m section bunker in order to permit it to absorb heat. This of the wa {or establishing the aromatic? 3: application is a continuation in part of said prior of the i refngerant 9r liquor before it is 29 application. dis h h It is one of the objects of my present invention 9 1s sumlar to s cm t to provide a refrigerator car that is an improvemodlfied form of .appamtus' H ment over the said earlier application. In Fig'l there IS shown a car mvmg heat It is another object of my invention to make it lmumted walls floor and constructed m possible to pass the liquid brine collected in the any suitable or Psual F wheels are pan to cooling coils or pipes suitably arranged in diagrammatmany Indicated as wen as the the cargo compartment, prior to its discharge, to mam floor beam structure one or both enhance the refrigerating effect. This circulaends 01 the there provided ice 3" tion or passage of the brine is rendered possible bunker 'abWe which the usual hatch 80 by the aid of a pumping or suction device which tum is indicatedcan readily be attached to be operated from All the bottom of the ice compartment the e mechanism already installed on the car, for is ov d an or co tainer 8 (F ss- 1. 2 and other purposes (such as gas pressurue for air 6) that 08-11 hold a large amount 0! liquid brakes or steam or fluid pressure in general), liquor resulting from the e t o the 6B in 36 or indeed the operation can be performed by the bunker The liquid q o is rmed d to motion of the car itself (such as a pendulum or the fact that Usually common Sa 0 other 0 110- a transmission from one of the axles). ride Salts y be used to lower the pe a It is another object of my invention to make all which the ice melffi- A5 disclosed in X D 40 it possible to operate the circulating apparatus application, the pp .edges 01 this D '0 40 intermittently, as determined by a sufficient actu e inwardly a at IT to vide o e hanclnz cumui tion of refrigerant, either fluid or liquid, ledges, hampering the pp n Over 0! quid such as brine in a collector or pan which may be when the is jolted i n y arranged below the ice bunker. started or stopped.

My invention possesses many other advantages, The arrangement is u that e qu d or and has other objects which may be made more qu is caused to accumulate for 1 pa ereadlly apparent from a consideration of several tlvely lon pe in Container h all six embodiments of my invention. For this purpose Seven hours, In this the qu d 0 quor I have shown a few forms in the drawings acis utilized to absorb fiddit'lonll and fur- 5n companying and forming part of the pre ent, thermore; prior to its ejection out or the car, the specification. I shall now proceed to describe liquid is passed into the cargo compartment ll these forms in detail, which illustrate the general (Figs. 1, 3,4, and 5), as through a. series oi. pipes,

principles of my invention; but it is to be underto absorb heat directly from-this compartment. stood that this detailed description is not to be Preferably, these pipes for conducting the liquid taken in a limiting sense, since the scope it my or liquor to the cargo compartment are arranged near the ceiling where the hot air tends to accumulate. Thus as shown most clearly in Figs. 1', 2, and 6, the liquid or liquor is caused, during ejection, to flow upwardly through a discharge pipe l9, extending almost to the bottom of container l6, through an upright pipe 2U,'convolutions 2| at the top of the cargo space l8, downwardly through pipe 22, and out through the discharge 23. The manner in which this intermittent discharge is automatically accomplished will be later described.

Any of a number of forms of convolutions adjacent the top of the cargo space can be used; several are shown in diagram form in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. In Fig. 3, each ice compartment H has an upright pipe branching at 24 to conduits 25, 26 extending across to about the center of the car; then after several convolutions, they recombine at 21 to downwardly directed pipe 22.

In Fig. 4, the convolutions 21 extend from each ice bunker M for the full length of the cargo space, but on opposite sides respectively of a longitudinal center line.

In Fig. 5, only the left hand bunker I4 is shown as providing the circulatory liquid. The convolutions 28 here are distributed uniformly over the entire area of the cargo space; and lead to the pipes 20, 22.

It is thus apparent that the cargo space can be quite uniformly cooled and particularly where there is apt to be the greatest accumulation of heat. This is in contradistinction to the old systems whereby warm air enters the ice bunkers at the top and near the end of the car only, while cold air escapes from below the ice and at the end of the car only.

In the present instance, the control of the circulation and final ejection of the refrigerant, liquid or liquor is obtained by a float valve mechanism responding to the accumulation of liquid or liquor of suiflcient quantity. This mechanism is most clearly disclosed in Figs. 1, 2, and 6. It includes a large float 29 in tank or container l6, that virtuallycoversthe whole area of the tank and that therefore also tends to keep the liquid or liquor from excessive motion. .However, in lieu of such a float mechanism, other mechanism, operating in response to the accumulation of liquid or to the condition of the circulating system could be used.

When the liquid or liquor in tank I 6 reaches a definite level, the float 28 reaches a position such that the bottom of a slot 30 on an upright member 3| fastened to the float, engages a pin 32. This pin is located at the end of a link 33, pivoted to a lever 34. This lever in turn is pivotally mounted at 35 on a standard 36 which may be conveniently supported on pipe 22. It is apparent that further rise of float 29 will rotate lever 34 in a counterclockwise direction, and this mt tion is utilized to operate valves for permitting the container I6 to discharge.

Thus there is a valve structure 31 (Figs. 1, 2, and 6) which normally closes the passage from pipe I! to pipe 20. This valve structure includes a body that has a flange 38 serving as a support for the valve, as well as for a valve structure 39 for controlling the discharge outlet 23. For this purpose, flange 38 is securely fastened to the side of the container l6. Extending from this flange is an elbow 39 for the pipe l9, providing a connection into the valve structure 31.

This valve structure has a seat '40 cooperating .with a closure 4|. A stem 42 (Figs. 6 and ,7) extends from the closure downwardly and through a. stufling box 43. At the end ofthe stem there is a clevis 44 having a lost motion connection with a lever 45 pivoted at 46 on flange 3B. The end of the lever 45 is pivoted to a link 41 joined to an intermediate point of operating lever 34. The lost motion connection is provided by slots 48 in clevis 44, and a transverse pin 49 carried by lever 45 and entering the slots.

It is thus apparent that, as lever 34 rises due to the force exerted upon it from the float 23, link 41 is pulled upwardly, lever 45 rises, and after a short movement, urgesstem 43 upwardly to open the valve 31, and to establish communication between pipe [9 and pipe 20. The same motion'of lever 34 serves to open the discharge valve closure 50 in outlet 23, to permit the liquid or liquor circulating in pipes 2| to be discharged outside of the car. Thus valve closure 50 has a stem 5| extending through the stufllng box 52 and carrying a clevis 53 in which pin 49 is engaged. In this instance there is no lost motion connection between clevis 53 and lever 45, whereby it is ensured that the vent 23 is opened before valve 31 is opened. This order of opening the valves is advantageous for the reasons now to be explained.

In order to lift the liquid or liquor from tank I6 upwardly to pipe 2|, it is necessary to utilize some pumping arrangement or its equivalent. The means for accomplishing this in the present instance, is apparatus for establishing a siphon action, as by producing a partial vacuum above tank IS, in a manner to be later described. Since discharge 23 is considerably below this tank, it is apparent that the siphon will completely empty the tank, once it is established. It is for this reason that care is taken to open discharge 23 before valve 31 is opened. If there should be a slight leak near the bottom of the system, and valve 50 should open last, the siphon action may be broken, or indeed, a reverse siphon may tend to be established.

Before describing the apparatus for establishing the siphon action when the valves open, it is desirable to complete the description of the float mechanism. Referring again to Fig. 6, the arrangement is such that the friction of the parts, such as the motion of the valve stems in the stuflingboxes, serve to retain the mechanism in open or closed position once such a position is established. Thus when pin 32 is pushed upwardly by float 29, the valves 31, 23 remain open even after float 29 recedes as the tank I empties. After the float, however, reaches a lower position corresponding to substantial emptying of tank II, the upper end of slot 30 engages pin 32 and positively recloses the valves by pulling lever 34 downwardly by the weight of the float.

One manner in which the siphon is established is illustrated in Fig. 8. In this case, there is shown a suitable reciprocating vacuum pump 44, of any convenient'form. For example, it may be provided with a reciprocating piston 55 having arod 56, for reciprocating the piston. Each of the heads 51, 53 of the pump is provided with a port 59, 30 and a one-way or check valve BI, 32. A T connection 63 connects to a vacuum pipe 44 (Figs. 2 and 8) which connects to the top of the system; for example, above pipe .20. As piston 55 reciprocates, it alternately pulls a vacuum from pipe 64 through ports 59 and 80, past the respective. valve Si or 82. However, upon a return stroke, the piston urges the-air collected through the spring pressed outlet valve 35, 83, attached to the upper end of the pipe 31 or 43 leading respectively to the ports 59, 60. Since this type of vacuum mechanism is well known, further description thereof is unnecessary.

Since a vacuum is created at or near the top of the system by this arrangement, it is apparent that the liquid or liquor will rise through pipe 20 and a siphonwill be established, passing the liquid or liquor through pipes 2I and out at the foot valve 23. The difference in the level of intake and discharge (corresponding to the height of the level in tank I6 above valve 29) is small enough to ensure a rather slow rate of discharge, to'give ample opportunity for the liquid or liquor to absorb heat while-passing through pipes 2i.

Furthermore, the arrangement is such that as soon as the siphon is established, the pump is stopped. This arrangement will now be described, in connection with the mechanism for reciprocating the piston rod 56.

The rod 56 .is shown as directly joined to a reciprocating piston 69 in a cylinder 10. This is an air cylinder, so arranged that the compressed air used for the brake mechanism urges the piston 99 in either direction; For example, at the left hand end of the cylinder 19 there is an air inlet 1i and an air outlet 12. correspondingly at the right hand end, there'is an air inlet 13 and an air outlet 14. When air under pressure is passed through inlet H, to urge piston 99 to the right, the passage 13 at the right is active to carry away the air on the right of piston 69; and passageways 12, 19 are blocked. However, after a definite movement, the air connections are changed to block passages II, 13' and to render passageways 12, 19 active, causing piston 69 to move to the left. This reciprocating cycle is repeated until the supply of air is interrupted in a manner to be described.

The control of the passages ll, 12, 19, 19 can be accomplished by a piston valve 15 sliding in a housing 16 and operated in accordance with the operation of piston 69. At the particular instant shown, air passes to the left of piston 69 urging toward the right, through the following passages: from pipe 11 connected to the train air line 19, through cap 19, opening 90 in housing 19, annular passage 8| of valve 15, and passage ii. At the same time, air is exhausted from the right hand of piston 69, through passage 19,

housing 19, and vent 82 to the air'. Passages 12 and 19 are interrupted by the valve 15 resting over the corresponding openings in housing 19.

Now as piston 69 moves to the right, it will at the extremity of its stroke, push valve 19 to the right, by the aid of collar 93 on rod 99 passing through valve 19. The movement .of valve 15 continues until it blocks passages 1I and 19, and uncovers passages 12 and 19. In that position, train air will be passed through passage 13 to move piston 99 to the left. and passage 12 will be uncovered to exhaust air from the left hand of piston 99, through vent 99. Upon sufficient movement of piston 99 to the left, collar 99 on stem 99 will move valve "to the position shown,

and the cycle is repeated.

The pump mechanism just described operates so iongas air is permitted to pass to passage 99 guided in a packing gland 99 for cap 19, and as 'ioined to a rod 99, fastened to a corrugated diaphragm 9|. This diaphragm is arranged to be acted upon by the weight of the column of brine which is in the system while the siphon is operat ing, to depress the rod 99 and close opening 99. Thus diaphragm 9i is held tightly'at its edges in the two stationarily supported casing halves 92 and 93. The upper half 92 is connected as by elbow 99 and conduit 95 to discharge 29 so that the weight of the liquid .or liquor while the siphon is active, is effective on the upper surface of the diaphragm.

Normally, however, a compression spring 99 acts on a collar 91 on stem or rod 90 to hold the rod up and closure 81 away from closing position. Spring 99 is conveniently accommodated in a tubular extension 98 of easing half 99, and its lower: end rests on a plug 99 closing the extension and serving as an additional guide for rod 90.

Ordinarily, spring 98 is adjusted so that a substantial preponderance of pressure is necessary to close valve 81. This ensures against the possibility of an imperfect siphon action which may occur if valve 81 is closed, too soon, causing the retention of air in conduits 2|. Pipe 99 is, however, connected to pipe 29 at a point considerably above diaphragm 9I, to provide'a suilicient head of liquid in the column formed by pipe 29 sufficiently to compress spring 99 only when a full siphon action is initiated.

-By reference to Fig. 2, the operation of the system can now be briefly explained. While brine is collecting in tank I6, float 29 resting on top of the'accumulated liquid, is in an intermediate position, pin 92 being in an intermediate point on slot 99. The valves 23, 91 are closed, and air is merely pumped out from pipes 2| by pump 59. Valve 91, controlling the pump operation, is open and held in that position by spring 96. As soon as the accumulation of liquid causes float 29 to operate lever 99, valves 91, 29 are opened, and the vacuum pump 59 now operates to establish the siphon, by evacuating the airin pipes 2I. when this is accomplished, the diaphragm 9i is depressed, closing opening 99 and stopping the pump. The brine is now elected from valve 23 by the siphon action. When this election corresponds to a lowering of float 29 to pull'lever 99 downwardly, valves 91, 29 are closed, and the siphon action ceases. The cycle is then repeated upon an additional sui'llcient accumulation of brine, or other refrigerant or liquor in tank I9. Should the siphon break for any reason, during the period of ejection, closure 91 moves to open position, and vacuum pump 94 is again effective to reestablish the siphon.

If desired, an air exhaust valve I09 (Pig. 2) can be provided in the vacuum pipe 99, as well as a siphon fill valve III in pipe 99, which may be used for testing or for illling the system. Thus with valve I09 open, the valve I9I can be used to fill the system, after which valve I99 must be closed.

In Fig. 9, an alternative form of mechanism for driving the vacuum pump 99' is disclosed. In this case, a pendulum I9? is shown as suspended on bracket I99 on the pump head 99, which swings as the car moves, and its oscillations are used to reciprocate the piston 99. Thus a link I99 can connect an intermediate point of the pendulum I92 to the rod 99. An adjustable weight I99 is provided for controlling the period and force of the oscillations.

In this instance, the pumping action is controlled as before, by the head of the liquid In the pipes when the siphon is started. Thus the vacuum 95, becoming filled with liquid or liquor when the-action starts, is connected to the upper end of a diaphragm casing I06. This liquid depresses diaphragm I08, and therefore the rod I connected thereto, against the action of the cbmpression spring I09. This rod I01 carries a valve closure H in a sealed chamber III that is interposed ,in the vacuum line 64. Rod I01 extends into chamber III through gland H2 and is opposed to the bottom opening of the chamber. Valve closure IIO closes this opening and interrupts communication from pump 54 to pipe 64, when diaphragm I08 is depressed, and the pump 54 becomes ineffective. The diaphragm arrangement I06, I01 I08, I09 is similar in action to that described in connection with Fig. 8.

4 In order to ensure against corrosion or oxidation of those parts in contact with the refrigerant, it is preferable to make all or some of such parts of material resistant to such corrosion or oxidation. This may include tank I6, as well as the conduits 20, 2|, valves 23, 31, 39 and their controls.

Should the siphon mechanism for any reason fail of operation, an extra safeguard for emptying the tank I6 upon excessive accumulation, can be provided. This is illustrated in Fig. 6. A discharge pipe I06 extends through the floor of the car and up into the tank IS, the upper end thereof corresponding to the extreme limit of accumulation. Surrounding this pipe is a tube I01, closed at the top but having an opening I08 near the bottom to permit liquid from tank I6 to rise therein. As soon as the liquid level in tank I 6 reaches the top of pipe I06, through the annular space between tube I01 and pipe I06, a siphon is established, emptying the tank completely outside of the car. In this way, accidental flooding of the car floor is prevented. It is to be understood, however, that this mechanism is inactive in the range of operation of float 29.

I claim:

1. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, said compartment and ice bunker being in air circulating relationship, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, means for circulating the collected liquid in the cargo compartment, and means, acting in response to the accumulation of a definite amount of liquid, for initiating the operation of the'circulating means.

2. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker,-saicl compartment and ice bunker being in air circulating relationship, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, means intermittently active to circulate the said collected liquid in the cargo compartment, and a float mechanism responsive to a definite rise or fall of level of the collected liquid for controlling said liquid circulating means.

3. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, said compartment and ice bunker being in air circulating relationship, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, means for circulating the collected liquid in the cargo compartment, and means, acting in response to the accumulation of a definite amount of liquid, for initiating the operation of the circulating means, comprising means ensuring that said circulating means remains active until the accumulated liquid is reduced to a definite amount.

4. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, said compartment and ice bunker being in air circulating relationship, means fomdollecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, means for passing the liquid into the cargo compartment upon a definite accumulation, and means ensuring the continuation of the passage of liquid until the remaining collected liquid is reduced to a definite amount.

5. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, means intermittently acting to establish a siphon action to pass the liquid to the cargo compartment, and means responsive to the establishing of the siphon to render this establishing means ineffective.

6. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice in a space below the bunker, a conduit leading from the space to a higher level in the cargo compartment, vacuum producing means acting on a high part of the conduit to produce a siphon action therethrough, and means for rendering said vacuum producing means ineffective in response to the establishment of the siphon action.

7. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice in a space below the bunker, a conduit leading from the space to a higher level in the cargo compartment, vacuum producing means acting on a high part of the conduit toproduce a siphon action therethrough, and means for rendering said vacuum producing means ineffective in response to the establishment of the siphon action, comprising a valve closure acted upon by the weight of the siphon column to interrupt the communication between the vacuum producing means and the siphon.

8. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice in a space below the bunker, a conduit leading from the space to a higher level in the cargo compartment, and vacuum producing means acting on a high part of the conduit to produce a siphon action therethrough, comprising a pump and fluid operated means for operating the pump.

9. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice in a space below the bunker, a conduit leading from the space to a higher level in the cargo compartment, and vacuum producing means acting on a high part of the conduit to produce a siphon action therethrough, comprising a pump, and a pendulum for operating the pump.

10. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice in a space below the bunker, a conduit leading from the space to a higher level in the cargo compartment, vacuum producing means acting on a high part of the conduit to produce a siphon action therethrough, a mechanism for driving the pump, and means responsive to the establishment of the siphon for rendering said mechanism ineffective.

11. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice in a space below the bunker, a conduit leading from the space to a higher "level in the cargo compartment, vacuum producing means acting on a high part of the conduit to produce a siphon action therethrough, a mechanism for driving the pump, and means responsive to the establishment of the siphon for rendering said mechanism ineifective, comprising a valve closure operated by the weight of the siphon column.

12. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, a'condult leading from the collected liquid, into the cargo compartment, and finally out of the car, a valve controlling the intake of liquid into the conduit, another valve controlling the discharge of liquid from the conduit, and means responsive to a definite accumulation of liquid to open the valves and to initiate a siphon action through the conduit.

13. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, 'a conduit leading from the collected liquid, into the cargo compartment, and finally out of the car, a valve controlling the intake of liquid into the conduit, another valve controlling the discharge of liquid from the conduit, and means responsive to a definite accumulation of liquid to open the valves in succession, the intake valve opening last, and to initiate a siphon action through the conduit.

14. In an-ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, a conduit leading from the collected liquid, into the cargo compartment, and finally out of the car, a valve controlling the intake of liquid into the conduit, another valve controlling the discharge of liquid from the conduit, and means responsive to a definite accumulation of liquid to open the valves and to initiate a siphon action through the conduit, comprising a float, and a member movable by the fioat to open said valves when the liquid reaches a definite level.

15. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice-bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, a conduit leading'from thecollected liquid, into the cargo compartment, and finally out of the car, a valve controlling the intake of liquid into the conduit, another valve controlling the discharge of liquid from theconduit, and means responsive to a definite accumulation of liquid to open the valves and to initiate a siphon action through the conduit, comprising a float, and a member movable by the float to open the discharge valve and the intake valve in succession when the liquid reaches a definite level.

16. In apparatus of the character described, a container for a refrigerant liquid, a conduit for passing the liquid to a space to be cooled, a vacuum producing means for establishing a siphon action for ejecting the liquid through the conduit, and means controlling said vacuum producing means, to render it ineffective when the siphon is established, and to render it effective when the siphon breaks.

1']. In apparatus of the character described, a container for a refrigerant liquid, a conduit for passing the liquid to a space to be cooled, a constantly operating vacuum producing means for establishing a siphon action for ejecting the liquid through the conduit, and including a vacuum connection to the conduit, means responsive to the establishment of the siphon for interrupting said connection, and responsive to a break in the siphon for reestablishing said connection.

18. In a refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, a conduit above the liquid level and having an intake portion extending to the collecting means, said conduit passing into the cargo compartment, and means active upon reaching a' definite level of collected liquid to initiate a siphon action through the conduit.

19. In a refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, a conduit above the liquid level and having an intake portion extending to the collecting means, said conduit passing into the cargo compartment, and means active upon reaching a definite level of collected liquid to initiate a siphon action through the conduit, comprising a float valve controlling the passage 01 liquid into the conduit, and a vacuum producing means effective at a level higher than the liquid in the conduit.

20. In a refrigerator car having a cargo com partment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting from themelting ice, a conduit above the liquid level and having an intake portion extending to the collecting means, said conduit passing into the cargo compartment, and means active upon reaching a definite level of collected liquid to initiate a siphon action through the conduit, comprising a float valve controlling the passagepf liquid into the conduit, a valve operated in accordance with the float valve and controlling the ejection of the liquid from the conduit, and a vacuum producing means eflective at a higher level in the conduit than the level of the collected liquid.

21. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means forcollecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice in a space below the bunker, a conduit leading from the space to a higher level in the cargo compartment, means initiating a siphon through the conduit from the space, and means for rendering saidsiphon initiatingmeans ineffective in response to the establishment of the siphon action, comprising a movable control member for said initiating means, means yieldingly urging said member to cause'said initiating means to function, and-means whereby a head of liquid in the siphon column is opposed to said yielding means to cause the member to move to render the initiating means ineffective, said head being sufficiently large to ensure complete siphon action.

22. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for col-' lecting the liquid resulting from the melting ice, a conduit leading from the collected liquid, into the cargo compartment and finally out of the car, a valve controlling the intake of liquidinto the conduit, and means responsive to a definite accumulation of liquid to open the valve and to initiate a siphon action through the conduit.

23. In an ice refrigerator car having a cargo compartment and an ice bunker, means for collecting the liquid resulting'from the r elting ice, a conduit leading from the collected liquid into the cargo compartment and finally out of the car, a valve controlling the discharge of the liquid from the conduit, and means responsive to 8. definite accumulation of liquid to open the valve and to initiate a siphon action through the conduit.

DAMIAN L. REYNOLDS.

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