US1997892A

US1997892A - Duplicating machine

Info

Publication number: US1997892A
Application number: US720195A
Authority: US
Inventors: Edmund L Wall
Original assignee: RUDOLPH W GLASNER
Current assignee: RUDOLPH W GLASNER
Priority date: 1934-04-12
Filing date: 1934-04-12
Publication date: 1935-04-16
Anticipated expiration: 1952-04-16

Description

April 16, 1935. E. 1.. WALL 1,997,892

DUPLICATING MACHINE Filed April 12, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 16', 1935. E. WALL DUPLICATING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Apfil 12, 1954 m NS 3 9 A and m mm .1 I

Mb m m i I l NB U w SN I I I April 16', 1935.

DUPLICATING momma I Filed April 12, 1954 4 Sheds-Sheet 4 "E. L. WALL I 1,997,892

Patented Apr. 16, 1935 DUPLICATING MACHINE Edmund L. Wall, Detroit, Mich, assignor to Rudolph W. Glasner, Chicago, 111.

Application April 12, 1934, Serial No. 720,195

10 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in duplicating machines of the type disclosd in my co-pending application Serial Number 518,528,

filed February 26, 1931, and is particularly adapt- 5 ed, though not necessarily limited in its application, to a horizontal type of boring and milling machine.

More particularly this invention relates to that type of machine in which the cutter is controlled by a tracer adapted to follow the profiles of a relatively soft pattern, and although operating against such a soft pattern is designed to control relatively heavy pressure and, in turn relatively heavy cutting machinery.

Still more specifically, the invention relates to a type of machine of this character in which the cutting tool is advanced toward and away from the work by fluid pressure, and which pressure is controlled by the tracer through the medium of an auxiliary valve, the valve operating automatically to direct the fluid pressure to one side or the other of a piston which is operatively connected with the cutting tool, with the result that the pressure operating upon the cutter will be controlled relatively to the position of the tracer on the pattern.

To the attainment of these ends and the accomplishment of other new and useful objects as will appear, the invention consists in the fee tures of novelty in substantially the construction, combination and arrangement of the several parts hereinafter more fully described and claimed and shown in the accompanying drawings illustrating this invention and in which Figure l is aview partly in side elevation, partly broken away, and partly in section, of a machine of this character constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention.

Figure 2 is a detail sectional view on an en- 40 larged scale, of the auxiliary valve and control mechanism for the cutter.

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, of the auxiliary valve, on an enlarged scale, showing a portion of the cylinder in which the pistons that 45 control the movement of the cutter, operate.

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3', showing the auxiliary valve and others of the parts in different positions from that shown in Figure 3.

-- Figure 5 is a detail sectional view taken on line 55, Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section, of the tracer.

This invention is adapted to be, applied to any standard drilling or boring machine in which the cutter tool is mounted upon the knee of the machine and is moved toward and away from the work, as well as 'in vertical and horizontal directionsby any well known means.

The present invention, however, is more particularly concerned in the movement of the cutter l0 over the work H, and which movement is influenced by the operation of a tracer l2 over the surface of a pattern l3, the latter being constructed preferably of some soft or cheap material, while the work II is constructed of some hard material. l

In carrying out thB'iDVGIltiOIl, the tracer I 2 is mounted upon a slide l 4 which moves in guides Iii-I6 while the cutter I0 is mounted upon the slide or carriage l1 movable in suitable guides, such as the guide l6 and the guide l8. These slides or carriages I 4-41 may be connected together for simultaneous movement in any suitable manner, such as by means of a connecting bracket or yoke 19 so that when the slide i1 is moved forwardly and backwardly the tracer and the cutter will be correspondingly moved so as to initially position the tracer and the cutter for operation. r

The specific construction of the tracer mechanism constitutes a portion of the subject matter of my co-pending application Serial Number 702,039, filed December 12, 1933, but will be described somewhat in detail in order that a complete understanding of the construction and operation of the same in connection with the present invention, may be had.

The tracer I2 is caused to bear at its point upon the surface ofthe pattern 13 by means of a spring 20 which acts through the medium of interposed elements and abuts a barrel 2| which is adjustable so tlrat'thetension of the spring may be varied. It is solely the spring tension that determines the pressure of the tip of the tracer l2 against the pattern |3,.and not the pressure fluid which traverses the tracer mechanism and is controlled in its flow by the tracer.

The barrel 2| is screwed into the head 22 which closes one end of the cylinder 23. The other end of this cylinder is closed by a cap 24 which has an enlarged opening providing a clearance for the necessary side motion of the shank of the tracer l2. f

A combined piston and balanced valve which is the chief element of a movable valve structure, operates in the cylinder 23 between its closed ends, and the piston elements are designated by the reference characters 25-46. 1 These are integral with the sleeve 21 (which carries a circular valve plate 28. This valve plate occupies-an 2 annularchamber 29, and it is against one edge 39 of the chamber 29 that the valve plate 29 sits in order to cut off flow of pressure fluid. The

edge 39 therefore constitutes a valve seat, and the cap 24 which is adiustably secured to the end of the cylinder 23 is additionally used for adjusting the valve plate 29 at the seat 39.

An inlet 3| communicates with the chamber 29 and fluid is introduced into the cylinder 23 between the

piston elements

25 and 29 since the upright portions of the element 25 and the plate 29, as well as that part of thesleeve 21 disposed ther'ebetween, constitute movable walls of the chamber 29, it follows that a movement of the so-called piston or hollow valve 21 may occur to the right or toward the end 22 of the cylinder 23, without the necessity of the valve plate 29 having to act against fluid pressure.

In other words, when the valve plate 29 is seated, the various walls constituting parts of the element 25, sleeve 21, cylinder l9 and plate 24, will confine avolume of pressure fluid which is readily displaced by a movement of the tracer I2 to the right, the only resistance being the tension of the spring 2|.- Therefore, when the tracer encounters a raised placein its travel along the pattern l3, the tracer l2 will be displaced with the utmost ease. The pressure of the tracer I2 is regulated by the regulation of the spring 29 andthe spring may be adjusted to such a lighttension that even the softest pattern ordinarily employed may be traced without imury.

A fluid outlet 32 communicates with-the cylinder 23 on the right side of the piston element 29. The base 33, of which a guide stem 34 is a part, is preferably peripherally smaller than the bore of the cylinder 23, so that there may be no obstruction of fluid flowing through openings 39 to the outlet 32, and "the base 33 is preferably secured to the piston by being screwed thereupon.

A port or opening 39 is provided in the hollow valve 21 to form a passageway for the fluid,

- When the valve plate 29 is unseated from the seat 39 there will be a flow-of fluid from the inlet 3| into the chamber 29, past the valve seat 39 and into the cylinder 23, thence through the opening 39 and out of the ports or openings 39 to r the outlet 32. A cup 31 is provided with a rim having a sharp seating edge 39 bearing against a disc 39 carried by the tracer l2. Apart of this cup has an, opening 49 which provides a drain passage to accommodate oil seeping past the sleeve valve 21 at the end 29.

There is a separation between the cup 31 and the disc 39 but the two parts are generally kept in contact by virtue of the engagement of the tracer I2 with the pattern and the pressure of the spring 29in that direction. The tendency of the spring is to keep the disc 39 pressed against the flange of the cap 24.

' nected to a tube or pipe 49, the latter being connected to the pipe 49, and this pipe 49 in turn is connected to the inlet opening 3| of the cylinder 23, and an overflow 41 is connected to the.

pump 42, as a safety for excess pressure, a valve 49 being arranged in the outlet.

Connected with the outlet 32 ofthe cylinder 23 is a pipe 49, preferably flexible, which in turn is connected toan exhaust pipe 99, leading back to the sump'4I,

Within the pipe 49 and between the connection 45 and the inlet 3| of the cylinder 23 is arranged a regulator valve 9|.

The cutter I9 is secured to a spindle 92 which in turn is connected to the boring bar 93 of the machine to which this attachment is applied, and the end of the spindle abuts ball bearings 94, the

latter having a bearing against a thrust, collar 59 secured to the bar 53 in any suitable manner.

The boring bar passes through an annular casing 91, and which casing constitutes an annular cylinder 99 in which a piston preferably comprising the elements 99-99 operates, and between the piston elements is arranged opposed cup shaped packing member's. 9|. Connected to the piston thus formed, are piston rods 92, any number of which may be provided, and these rods are secured thereto at one end and in any suitable manner, and pass through packing glands 93. The forward ends of the rods are secured to a yoke 94, which in turn is secured to the spindle 52 by a suitable fastening device 95, so that when the piston is reciprocated or moved in the cylinder 58, the spindle'52 and consequently the boring or cutting tool II) will be correspondingly moved.

The movement of the piston is controlled by an auxiliary valve 99, which moves in a valve casing 91. The valve casing is provided with an inlet 99 through the side thereof, and ports 99-19 through the opposite side thereof, preferably in proximity to the inlet 99, and these ports 99-19 constitute both inlet and outlet ports for the fluid, the ports 99-19 being preferably separated by means of the wall 1|.

The port 99 leads to the front end of the cylinder 99 by means of a passage 12, and a port or opening 13, while the port or passage 19 has communication with a passage 14 which leads to the other end of the cylinder 59 on the opposite side of the piston through the medium of a port 19, so that whenthe fluid is directed from a pipe 19 which communicates with the inlet 99 of the casing 91 and which has communication with the pipe 49, and when the valve 99 which operates in I the casing 91 is positioned to direct the fluid through the passage 12 to one side of the piston in the cylinder 99, the tool M will be retracted and the fluid on the opposite side of the piston will be exhausted through the passage 14, in a -manner to be described, allowing the piston'to move towards the other end of the cylinder 99.

When, however, the valve 99 is in a position to cause the fluid entering the casing 91 through the pipe 19 to be discharged into the passage 14 on the other side of the piston, the'piston and the cutter I9 will be moved in the opposite direction,

and the fluid in advance of the piston will be ex-' hausted through the opening 13, passage 12 and port or passage 99, in a manner to be described.

It will therefore be manifest that by control of the valve 99, the direction of movement of the cutter lengthwise of its axis will be controlled.

The inlet 99 of the casing 91 has communica-- tion with an annular chamber 11, and on each side of the annular chamber 11 and spaced therefrom are annular ports or passages 19-19 which in turn have communication with a passage 99 opening through the casing, and to which opening is connectif'an exhaust pipe 9| that leads back to the sump 4| either directly or by being connected with the exhaust pipe 99, as at 92 (see 7 passages 83-88. The passage 83 has communication with a port 85 communicating with the port or passage 10, and the passage 88 has communication with a port or passage 88 which in 5 turn has communication with the port or passage 88.

The valve 88 is provided with peripheral channels 81-88-88 to form walls 80-8I, and the passages 81 and 88 are of a length to form communications respectively, between the

passages

18 and 83, 88 and 18, while the passage 88 is of such a length as to form communication either between the passage 11 and passage 83 or the passage 11 and passage 88, according to the direction of movement or position of the valve 88.

. The walls 80 and 8| of the valve 88 respectively co-operate with seats 82-83 and 88-85.

- When the valve 88 is in the position shown in Figure 2, the passage 11 will have communication with the passage 88 but as communication between the passage 88 and the passages 83-88 is closed, the fluid will be confined within the annular passage 11 and cannot escape. 88 is normally held in a neutral position or in the position shown in Figures 2 and 4, by means of a spring 88 which encompasses a stem 81 that is secured to the valve and which passes through a -bearing 88. One end of the spring 88 abuts the bearing 88 and the other end abuts the end of 30 the valve 88 and tends normally to move the valve 88 forwardly. A spring 88 also encompasses the stem 81 on the other side of the bearing 88 and abuts the bearing at one end and has engagement at the other end with a collar I on the stern. This spring 88 is preferably of a tension less than the tension of the spring 88 and serves the purpose of initially moving the valve 88 from the position shown in Figures 2 and 3, to the po-' sition shown in Figure 4, at certain times in the operation of the machine. At the time when there is a complete exhaustion of the fluid from the casing 81 in advance of the valve 88 there would be a tendency for suction to draw the valve 88 forwardly, which is not desirable and therefore the spring 88 is provided which overcomes such tendency and relieves the load thereon. Bumpers or cushions IOI-I02 maybe provided which act as shock absorbers to the movement of the valve 88 and these cushioning elements are mounted upon a rod or bar I03 secured to the valve 88 and which pass through the bearing 88, the bumpers IOI-I02 being arranged on opposite sides of the bearing.

Connected with the pipe 88 (see particularly Figure 1) at a point preferablybetween the valve and the inlet 3| of the casing 23 of the tracer, as at I 08, is a pipe I05, which has communication with an inlet opening I08 in the valve casing 81. This opening I 08 communicates with a chamber I01 in the valve casing 81 in advance of the valve, a packing gland or washer I08 being preferably provided on the end of the valve 88, which abuts an annular flange I08 on the valve, and it is the suction which has a tendency to be created in the chamber I01 to move the valve 88 forwardly that the spring 88 is provided to overcome.

When the tracer I2 is in its extreme forward position and'both the" tracer I2 and the cutter-|,0 are out of contact respectivelywith the pattern and the work, there will be exerted the greatest pressure from the pump 82 through the pipe 85, pipe 18 and back of the piston in the cylinder 58, moving .the cutter forward to its extreme forward position, and the cutter will be held in such The valve I 3 position under the greatest pressure because at that time the auxiliary control. valve 88 will be in the position shown in Figure 4, and the tracer will be in its extreme position forwardly as shown in Figure 8.

The fluid under'pressure will then flow from the pump 82, through the pipe 85, past the valve 5|, through the pipe 88, into the opening 33 in the casing 23 of the tracer and into the chamber 28, where it will be conflned, owing to the fact that the valve plate as is seated uponthis seat 30 to prevent the escape of the fluid from the tracer casing 23. At the same time a part. of the fluid under pressure will flow from the pipe 85 into the pipe 18 into the annular chamber 11 of the valve casing 81 (see Figure 4), through the port 82, into the passage 83, through the port 85, into the port 10, thence into the passage 18, through the opening 15 and behind the piston 58-80 in the cylinder 58 to move the latter to the position shown in Figure 4.

When the tracer contacts with the pattern I3 it will be forced backwardly, the distance of the movement of the tracer being controlled by the proflle oi the pattern.- As the tracer I2 is forced backward (see Figure 6), the valve 21 will be moved backwardly against the stress of the spring 20 so as to move the valve plate 28 oil of the seat 30, therebyv establishing communication between the chamber 28 in the tracer casing and the port or opening 38 in the valve 21. The fluid will then flow through the opening 38, out of the openings 35, thence through the exhaust pipe 88-50, back to the sump 8|. Before the tracer I2 is moved backwardly, shifting the valve 21 to permit the fluid pressure from the chamber 28 to be exhausted, the auxiliary valve 88 will be heldin the position shown in Figure 4. and against the stress of the spring 88 by reason of the fact that pressure from the pump 82 will be manifested upon the end of 'the valve 88, through the pipe I05. When, however, the pressure in the chamber 28 of the tracer casing 28 is relieved by the movement backwardly of the tracer I3 so as to permit the fluid to flow out of the exhaust pipe 50,the pressure in the auxiliary valve chamber 81 in advance of the valve 88 will be relieved through the pipe I05 and the valve 88 will be moved forwardly from the position shown in Figure 4 to the I position shown in Figure 2, by the spring 88.

thereby establishingcommunicat on between the ports .and passages 88-12 and 13 leading to the other.side of the piston 58-80 and the pipe 18 so that fluid under pressure will flow from the pipe 18 into the annular chamber 11 which now has communication with the port or passage 88,

through the port 88, and the fluid pressure will then be directed through the passage 12 and port 13 on the other side of the piston 58-80 moving the latter backwardly and with it the cutter I8.

At the same time that communication is established between the annular chamber 11 and the valve casing 81 and the port or passage 88, communication will also be established betwcenthe passages 18-10, port 85, passage 18, and exhaust passage with which the exhaust pipe 8| communicates. 4

Similarly, when the fluid pressure is directed behind the piston 58-80 to move it forwardly, the fluid in advance of the piston will be exhausted through the passage 13 (see Figure 4), passage 12, port 88, port 88, passage 18, which communicates with the exhaust passage 80, and which latter communicates with the exhaust pipe 8|.

pattern IS, the position of the auxiliary valve 66 will be controlled, and in accordance with the position of this valve 66, the movement of the piston 596Il will be controlled, and this in turn will move the cutter toward or away from the work H, that is to say the tracer acts to position or shift the auxiliary valve 66 to control the flow of fluid or pressure in advance of or behind the piston 59--60.

The valve 5! is provided as a pressure control valve by. means of which the fluid pressuremay be varied. i

The cutter I0 is rotated in any desired or, suitable manner, such as by means of a gear I II! which is secured to a shaft I I I that is rotated from any suitable source of power. The gear H0 is preferably of the bevel type and meshes with a gear I I2 which is keyed or splined upon the bar or shaft 53, the gear H2 being fixed so that when the'cutter I0 is advanced or retracted, the shaft 53 will slide through the gear H2.

' While the preferred form of the invention has been herein shown and described, it is to be understood that various changes may be made in the i spirit of this invention.

What is claimed as new is:-

1. In a duplicating machine, a work cutter, a piston connected with the cutter, a cylinder in which the piston moves, ports leading into the cylinder on opposite sides ofthe piston, each operating-as a fluid inlet and outlet, an auxiliary valve casing constituting with said cylinder a unitary structure, said auxiliary valve casing having ports communicating with the first said ports, a fluid pressure supply opening tolthe .valve casing, a fluid exhaust from the valve casing, a valve in said casing, mechanical means tending normally to move said valve in a direction to' establish communication between said fluid opening and one end of said cylinder and also to establish communication between said exhaust and, the other end of the cylinder for moving the cutter toward the work, a. pattern tracer which is subject to vibrations by the intricacies of a pattern, means to supply the fluid pressure tosaid tracer and to one side of the said valve to move the latter against the stress of. the first said means-to cause said valve to establish communication between the said fluid opening and the other end of the cylinder and between said exhaust and the cylinder on the opposite side of the piston, and-means whereby the vibration of the tracer will'control the operation of said valve.

2. In a duplicating machine, a work cutter, fluid pressure means for moving the cutter towards and away from the work, means embodying a reciprocable valve for causing the respective movements of the cutter, mechanical means tending normally to move the valve in one direction, means for directing fluid pressure against the valve to move it in the opposite direction against the stress of the last said means, avibratable tracer movable over a pattern for controlling the operation of the cutter, .means responsive to the vibration of said tracer and operating to cause the fluid pressure against the said valve to be increased to move the latter in one direction and to cause such fluid pressure to be reduced to permit the valve to be moved in the opposite direction, means for creating such fluid pressure, means for varying at will the said fluid pressure, and means for overcoming suction exerted upon the valve which would have a tendency to prevent operation of the valve when relieved of the actuating fluid pressure thereupon.

chanical means for moving said valve in one di-' rection, fluid pressure means for moving the valve in the opposite direction against the stress ofthe last said means, means whereby the vibratory action of said tracer will control the said fluid pressure, to cause the valve to be movedthereby against the stress of second recited means, and to reduce the fluid pressure against said'valve to permit the valve to be moved by the second recited means, means for cushioning the movement of the valve, said cushioning means embodying a member carried by and extending from the valve, a bearing through which said member slides, and bumpers carried by the member on opposite sides of the bearing.

4. In a duplicating machine, a work cutter, fluid pressure means operating to move the cutter in directions both towards and away from the work, a valve for controlling the direction of movement of said cutter under the action of said fluid pressure, a pattern tracer subject to r I vibratory action as it --moves over a pattern, means for moving said valve in one direction, fluid pressure means for .moving, he valve in the opposite direction .jagainst the stress of the last said means, means whereby the vibratory .action of said tracer will control the said fluid pressure, to cause the valve-to be moved thereby against the stressof second recited means and to reduce the fluid pressure against said valve to permit the valve to be moved by the second recited means, and additional mechanical means operating upon said valve in opposition to the second recited means .for imparting an initial movement to the valve against the stress of the first said means at a predetermined time in the operation of the machine.

5. In a duplicating machine, a work cutter, a piston connected with the cutter, a cylinder in which the piston operates, a fluid pressure line, a pattern tracer subject to vibratory action as it moves over a pattern, means whereby the vibrations of the tracer will cause the fluid pressure from said line to be alternately directed to opposite sides'of the piston and correspondingly relieved from the other side thereof, whereby the cutter will be moved by such pressure towards and away from the work, the said means embodying a valve in the pressure line, means tending normally to move the valve in one direction against mechanical means for initially moving the valve against the stress of the second recited means when the fluid pressure against said Waive is temporarily reduced to a predetermined point in the cycle of operation of the machine.

6. In a duplicating machine, a work cutter,-'a

3. In a duplicating machine, a work cutter,

piston connected with the cutter, a cylinder in which the piston operates, a fluid pressure line, a pattern tracer subject to vibratoryaction as it moves over a pattern, means whereby the vibrations of the tracer will cause the fluid pressure to be alternately directed to opposite sides of the piston and correspondingly relieved from the other side thereof, whereby the cutter will be reciprocated towards and away from the work, the said means embodying a reciprocable valve in the pressure line, resilient means tending normally to move the valve in one direction, said fluid pressure operable to movethe valve in the opposite direction against the stress of said resilient means, means influenced by the tracer to reduce fluid pressure against said valve to permit the valve to be moved by said resilient means, and additional resilient means operable upon said valve to initially move the valve against the stress of the first recited resilient means at a predetermined time in the cycle of operation of the tracer.

7. In a duplicating machine, a-work cutter, a piston connected with the cutter, a cylinder in which the piston operates, a fluid pressure line, a pattern tracer subject to vibratory action as it moves over a pattern, means whereby the vibrations of the tracer will cause the fluid pressure to be alternately directed to opposite sides of the piston and correspondingly relieved from the other side thereof, whereby the cutter will be reciprocated towards and away from the work, the said meansembodying a reciprocable valve in the pressure line, resilient means tending normally to move the valve in one direction, said fluid pressure operable to move the valve in the opposite direction against the stress of said resilient means, means influenced by the tracer to reduce fluid pressure against said valve to permit the valve to be moved by said resilient means, additional resilient means operable upon said valve to initially move the valve against the stress of the first recited resilient means at a predetermined time in the cycle of operation of the tracer, and cushioning means for limiting the movements of the said valve.

8. In a duplicating machine, a work cutter, a piston connected with the cutter, a cylinder in which the piston operates, a fluid pressure line, connections between said line and the cylinder on opposite sides of the piston to reciprocate the latter, a valve in the line for controlling the direction of flow of the fluid with respect to the cylinder, resilient means for moving the valve in one direction, means whereby the fluid pressure will the tracer to cause fluid pressure to be relieved from said valve to permit the valve to be moved; by the said resilient means, and additional mechanical means operable upon said valve for initially moving the valve against the stress of the said resilient means to overcome suction on the valve created'by the relieving of the fluid pressureon the valve.

9. In 'a duplicating machine, a work cutter movable in directions towards and away from the work, a pattern tracer subject to vibratory action as it moves over a pattern, a pressure fluid system including a cylinder and piston for utilizing the pressure to move the cutter in'directionstowards and away from the work, means controlled by the vibrations of the tracer to variably control the flow of, fluid to the cylinder and to control the direction of flow of fluid into the cylinder to cause' the active pressure of the fluid to be transferred from one side to the other side of the piston, the said means embodying a distributing valve, means tending normally to move the valve in one direction, the said valve being operated upon by said fluid pressure to move the same in the opposite direction against the stress of the last said means, and means in addition to said fluid pressure for moving the valve against the stress of the last recited means.

10. In a duplicating machine, a work cutter, a piston connected with the cutter, acylinder in which the piston operates, a fluid pressure line, a pattern tracer subject to vibratory action as it moves over a pattern, means whereby the vibrations of the tracer will cause the fluid pressure to be alternately directed to opposite sides of the piston and correspondingly relieved from the other side thereof, whereby the cutter will be reciprocated toward and-away from the work, the said means embodying a reciprocable valve in the pressure line, resilient means tending normally to move the valve in one direction, said fluid pressure operable to move the valve in the opposite direction against the stress of said resilient means, means influenced by the tracer to reduce fluid pressure against said valve to permit the additional mechanical means operable upon said valve to initially move the valve against the stress of the said resilient means at a predetermined time in the cycle of operation of the tracer.

EDMUND L. wALIL.

.valve to be moved by said resilient means, and