US1997494A - Aluminum-base alloy - Google Patents
Aluminum-base alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1997494A US1997494A US757216A US75721634A US1997494A US 1997494 A US1997494 A US 1997494A US 757216 A US757216 A US 757216A US 75721634 A US75721634 A US 75721634A US 1997494 A US1997494 A US 1997494A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- iron
- alloy
- antimony
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 74
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 74
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 108
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 54
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 47
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 44
- 229940075103 antimony Drugs 0.000 description 44
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 37
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 sodium aluminum fluoride Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000002568 Capsicum frutescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003339 best practice Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
Definitions
- Another object of my inventlonis to provide an aluminum base alloycontaining iron in substantial amounts and sufficient antimony to diminish ductility and 1 more than 2% of iron,
- a further object of my invention is to provide an aluminum base alloy containing a substantial amount of antimony that may be cast in sand, permanent molds or dies and from' which good castings may be produced, although a lower grade aluminum having a higher iron content is utilized as the initial material in forming the alloy.
- Another object of my invention is to provide an aluminum base alloy containing iron and copper or nickel, or a mixture of copper and nickel, and a substantial amount of antimony.
- a further object of myinvention is to provide 1 an alloy containing a substantial amount ol' iron which is particularly adapted to be cast in a permanent mold or from which die castings may I be made.
- antimony is added to a molten bath containing at least 75% aluminum and from more than 1 up to 10% iron,
- the amount of antimony which is added is somewhat dependent upon the method by which it is '40 introduced. In this connection, it may be stated that it is somewhat diflicult to introduce antimony into the alloy withoutoxidizing a portion of the antimony or preventing a portion of it from segregating from the molten metal.
- Suflicient antimony is added, however, sothat the cast alloy will contain from .05% to 15%, by weight, 01' antimony.
- the aluminum utilized contains say from 3% to 10%, it usually requires more antimony to be present in thefinal alloy than when the iron is below 3%. While I have indicated that 15% of antimony may be p esent in the final casting, betteroastings will be obtained when the amount of antimony is below 7%. preparing castings from secondarytin should be maintained below .5%,
- I may also add copper or nickel in amounts ranging from 2% to 15% copper and 2% to 10% nickel. I prefer, however, to maintain the nickel or copper, or a mixture of both, in proportions ranging from 2% to 7%.
- One or more other elements may also be present, such as chromium,
- titanium or cobalt in effective amounts up to 5%.
- the amount of aluminum which is present will, therefore, vary from approximately 75% to 96%, depending upon the amount of alloying ingredients which are present.
- the amount of aluminum which is present will generally be at least 80%.
- the alloy When the alloy is to be cast in permanent or semi-permanent molds or by the die casting process, it is also desirable that the alloy should be substantially free from metals, such as zinc, manganese, magnesium, tin and lead.
- metals such as zinc, manganese, magnesium, tin and lead.
- the amount of manganese, magnesium, lead and respectively, and the amount of zinc should be below 3% and preferably below 2%.
- Magnesium in particular has a very pronounced effect upon the hot shortness of aluminum alloys; a property which is very deleterious in producing alloys in permanent or semi-permanent molds or by the die casting process.
- the magnesium also increases the hardness, which decreases the machinability and causes excessive breakage in trimming. In protherefore essential,
- magnesium which is present and preferably from .05% to .l%. It will of course be understood that in preparing my improved alloys, magnesium is to be considered as an impurity and need not be present many amount. It is very essential, however, that it should not be present in amounts greater than .5%.
- Manganese may also be present in amounts ranging up to 3%. Large amounts of manganese,
- Silicon may also be present in the aluminum alloy in proportions ranging from effective amounts up to When large amounts of silicon are present, however, the silicon has the tendency to precipitate the antimony out of solution. I, therefore, prefer to maintain the amount of silicon below 3% especially when the iron is high.
- the alloy may be prepared in anydesiredl manner, such as by melting the ingredients together, introducing the antimonyinto molten aluminum, or, if other metals are present, the antimony may be alloyed with such metals and introduced into the molten bath.
- Another convenient method is to prepare a rich alloy of antimony and aluminum, such as one containing approximately 10% to antimony, and introduce the alloy into the molten aluminum.
- I may also introduce the antimony in the presence or in the form of a fluoride. For example, I may form a briquette, or an intimate mixture containing approximately 11 parts aluminum powder and 56 parts of sodium silico-fluoride, and introduce it into the aluminum bath.
- My invention is especially suitable for producing aluminum alloys for chill mold or die casting purposes. It is well known that iron has a harmful effect upon the usual die casting alloys, as it causes the alloy to become sluggish in the casting operation and brittle in the finished product. In accordance with the proposed recommendation for composition limits for die casting alloys by the American Society for Testing Materials in 1928, the amount of iron in such alloys is limited to a maximum of 2%. Such limits are considered high by most manufacturers, and in accordance with the best practice, the amount of iron in the metal as charged into the die casting pot is maintained at less than 1.25%. When antimony is added to such alloys, however, good castings may be obtained even when the iron is considerably in excess of 2%. I have found that the antimony increases the elongation and reduces the brittleness of aluininum alloys containing a substantial amount of iron. Antimony also reduces the shrinkage of the alloy during solidification.
- Analuminum-base alloy containing 6% antimony, 4% iron and the balance aluminum was prepared from which chill castings were made. It was found that the castings had good physical properties and were free from shrinks. The castings had a uniform ture, a tensile strength of 14,000 lbs. per square inch, and an elongation of .7 5% in 2 inches.
- Another alloy was produced containing 4% iron and 4% antimony. Castings thickness prepared from the alloy had good characteristics, both withrespect to the finish andphysical properties. When previous attempts have been made to cast thin-sectioned castings of this type containing such a high proportion of iron, the castings had the tendency to crack in the mold.
- My improved alloy has a lower thermal expansion than alloys in which antimony is not present, which renders it very desirable for use in pistons.
- An-aluminum base alloy which may be cast in chill molds without forming shrinkage cracks. comprising to'95% alumin at least 2% that only such limitations bep a but not more than 10% iron. and antimony in amounts ranging from 2% to 15%, the amount of magnesium in said alloy being less than .5%. r
- An aluminum base alloy which may be cast in chili molds without forming shrinkage cracks. comprising 75% to aluminum, at least 2% but not more than 10% iron, and antimony inamounts ranging from 2% to 7%, the amount of magnesium in said alloy being less than .5%.
- An 'aluminumbase alloy which in chill molds without forming comprising 75% to 95% aluminum, at least 2% maybecast but not more than 10% iron, 2% to 15% anti mony, 2%, to 14% copper, and- 2% to 10% nickel, the amount of magnesium in said alloy being less than .5%.
- An aluminum base alloy which may be cast 4 in chill molds without forming shrinkage cracks, comprising 75% to 95% aluminum, at least. 2% but not more than 10% .iron, 2% to 15% anticomprising 75% to 95% aluminum, at least'2% but not more than 10% iron, 2% to 15% antimony, and silicon in eil'ective amounts greater than incidental mpurities up to 15%, the amount of magnesium in said alloy being less than .5%.
- a machinable aluminum base alloy which may be cast in dies or permanent molds without forming shrinkage cracks, comprising a predominant amount of aluminum, not more than 10% of 'iron amounts ranging from .5%
- the. amount of magnesium in said alloy beingless than .5%.
- An aluminum base alloy having a com paratively fine grain structure, comprising a predominant amountof aluminum, 2% to 10% of of antimony, the amount iron and .05% to 15% of magnesium in said amount of antimony and the amount of zinc being less than 2%.
- An aluminum base .alloy having a com paratively fine structure comprising a predominant amount of aluminum. 2% to 10% or ironand from .l..% to 4% of antimony, the amount of um than .1% and the amount of zinc being less than 2%. -1
- An aluminum base alloy having'a comparatively fine grain structure, comprising a predominant amount' of aluminum, 2% to 10% of iron and from .1% to 15% antimo the amount of magnesium in said alloy being less than l% and the amount of zinc being less than 3%.
Description
Patented Apr, 9, 11935 UNITED STATES ALUMINUM-BASE ALLOY William E. Mansfield, Garfield Heights, Ohio No Drawing.
- 12 Claims.
15 larger quantities in Furthermore, when the alloys are melted'in iron pots and cast in permanent or semi-permanent molds, the amount of iron dissolved in the aluminum from the melting and casting equip-' ment is often considerable. When iron is pressmall amounts in many alloys utilized for making castings, however, it lowers are consequently interior to castings prepared from similar alloys having the desired minimum iron content, both with respect to finish and to physical properties.
I have made the discovery that ii antimony is added to aluminum base alloys containing iron, an alloy will be produced that has casting properties superior to the present alloys, and this is especially true with respect to alloys which are I seriously aifected by the presence of more than a small amount of iron, such as aluminum-nickel 40 or aluminum-copper alloys. The antimony I serves to break up the large crystalline structure caused by the high iron content, and this is true whether the castings are prepared in sand or chill molds. My discovery, however, is of particular importance in preparing chill mold castings in which secondary aluminum having a compara ,"tively high iron content is utilized because it eliminates porosity, increases the strengthens the casting.
It is, therefore, an object of my invention to provide an aluminum base alloy containing antimony and a substantial amount'of iron.
Another object of my inventlonis to provide an aluminum base alloycontaining iron in substantial amounts and sufficient antimony to diminish ductility and 1 more than 2% of iron,
ApplicatlonDecember 12, 1934, Serial No. 157,216v
(Cl. 75-1) v the deleterious effects of the iron so that an alloy will be produced having good casting. properties, even when the iron is relatively high.
A further object of my invention is to provide an aluminum base alloy containing a substantial amount of antimony that may be cast in sand, permanent molds or dies and from' which good castings may be produced, although a lower grade aluminum having a higher iron content is utilized as the initial material in forming the alloy.
Another object of my invention is to provide an aluminum base alloy containing iron and copper or nickel, or a mixture of copper and nickel, and a substantial amount of antimony.
A further object of myinvention is to provide 1 an alloy containing a substantial amount ol' iron which is particularly adapted to be cast in a permanent mold or from which die castings may I be made.
As previously specified, in preparing aluminum 50 alloys for casting purposes, and particularly castings formed in permanent molds or by the die casting process, it ,has heretofore been found necessary to utilize a good grade aluminum which is comparatively low iniron. In accordance with my invention, however, the iron may be present in the aluminum in amounts ranging from more than 1 to 10% and I am, therefore, able'to producehigh grade castings from lower grade material than that formerly utilized for such purposes. Furthermore, my alloy will not attack the melting or casting equipment in the same degree as many of the alloys now in use. The life 01' this equipment will, therefore, be prolonged, and this is especially true of die casting equipment. I 35 In practicing my invention, antimony is added to a molten bath containing at least 75% aluminum and from more than 1 up to 10% iron, The amount of antimony which is added is somewhat dependent upon the method by which it is '40 introduced. In this connection, it may be stated that it is somewhat diflicult to introduce antimony into the alloy withoutoxidizing a portion of the antimony or preventing a portion of it from segregating from the molten metal. Suflicient antimony is added, however, sothat the cast alloy will contain from .05% to 15%, by weight, 01' antimony. If the aluminum utilized contains say from 3% to 10%, it usually requires more antimony to be present in thefinal alloy than when the iron is below 3%. While I have indicated that 15% of antimony may be p esent in the final casting, betteroastings will be obtained when the amount of antimony is below 7%. preparing castings from secondarytin should be maintained below .5%,
I should be maintained below .5%
, 75 to 150 parts antimony,
aluminum, I prefer to utilize from approximately .1% to 4% of antimony depending upon the amount of iron which is present.
I may also add copper or nickel in amounts ranging from 2% to 15% copper and 2% to 10% nickel. I prefer, however, to maintain the nickel or copper, or a mixture of both, in proportions ranging from 2% to 7%. One or more other elements may also be present, such as chromium,
titanium or cobalt, in effective amounts up to 5%.
The amount of aluminum which is present will, therefore, vary from approximately 75% to 96%, depending upon the amount of alloying ingredients which are present. The amount of aluminum which is present, however, will generally be at least 80%.
When the alloy is to be cast in permanent or semi-permanent molds or by the die casting process, it is also desirable that the alloy should be substantially free from metals, such as zinc, manganese, magnesium, tin and lead. For example, .in preparing an alloy for die casting purposes, the amount of manganese, magnesium, lead and respectively, and the amount of zinc should be below 3% and preferably below 2%. Magnesium in particular has a very pronounced effect upon the hot shortness of aluminum alloys; a property which is very deleterious in producing alloys in permanent or semi-permanent molds or by the die casting process. The magnesium also increases the hardness, which decreases the machinability and causes excessive breakage in trimming. In protherefore essential,
ducing castings in dies, it is that the amount of magnesium which is present and preferably from .05% to .l%. It will of course be understood that in preparing my improved alloys, magnesium is to be considered as an impurity and need not be present many amount. It is very essential, however, that it should not be present in amounts greater than .5%.
Manganese may also be present in amounts ranging up to 3%. Large amounts of manganese,
however, cause the alloy to become brittle.
Silicon may also be present in the aluminum alloy in proportions ranging from effective amounts up to When large amounts of silicon are present, however, the silicon has the tendency to precipitate the antimony out of solution. I, therefore, prefer to maintain the amount of silicon below 3% especially when the iron is high.
When the amount of iron is low, larger amounts of silicon may be present.
' The alloy may be prepared in anydesiredl manner, such as by melting the ingredients together, introducing the antimonyinto molten aluminum, or, if other metals are present, the antimony may be alloyed with such metals and introduced into the molten bath. Another convenient method is to prepare a rich alloy of antimony and aluminum, such as one containing approximately 10% to antimony, and introduce the alloy into the molten aluminum. I may also introduce the antimony in the presence or in the form of a fluoride. For example, I may form a briquette, or an intimate mixture containing approximately 11 parts aluminum powder and 56 parts of sodium silico-fluoride, and introduce it into the aluminum bath.
When a briquette or intimate mixture containing such a composition is introduced into the is in the nascent state acts as a deoxidizing agent and any silica unreduced by the aluminum or any alumina that is formed dissolves in the sodium aluminum fluoride which acts as a flux. By introducing the antimony into the aluminum in such a manner, the bath is deoxidized and the antimony alloys more readily with the aluminum. Instead of utilizing sodium silico-fluoride and causing. a reaction to take pla.ce,. it will of course be understoodthat a mixture of the antimony and other double fluorides, such as sodium aluminum fluoride, may be employed.
My invention is especially suitable for producing aluminum alloys for chill mold or die casting purposes. It is well known that iron has a harmful effect upon the usual die casting alloys, as it causes the alloy to become sluggish in the casting operation and brittle in the finished product. In accordance with the proposed recommendation for composition limits for die casting alloys by the American Society for Testing Materials in 1928, the amount of iron in such alloys is limited to a maximum of 2%. Such limits are considered high by most manufacturers, and in accordance with the best practice, the amount of iron in the metal as charged into the die casting pot is maintained at less than 1.25%. When antimony is added to such alloys, however, good castings may be obtained even when the iron is considerably in excess of 2%. I have found that the antimony increases the elongation and reduces the brittleness of aluininum alloys containing a substantial amount of iron. Antimony also reduces the shrinkage of the alloy during solidification.
. Itv is also well known that excess iron seriously affects the casting properties of aluminum-copper or aluminum nickel alloys containing approximately 2% to 14% copper, or 2% to 10% nickel respectively. When antimony is added to such alloys, however, the injurious. effect of the iron which may be present is diminished, and an alloy may be produced that has good casting properties in permanent or semi-permanent. molds or which may be satisfactorily cast by die-casting proc-' esses. such alloys, a beneficial effect will therefore be produced by the addition of antimony even though the amount of iron that is present is comparatively low. a
The following specific examples are given to illustrate and explain my invention, although it will be understood that I do not desire to limit myself to the particular alloys mentioned.
Analuminum-base alloy containing 6% antimony, 4% iron and the balance aluminum was prepared from which chill castings were made. It was found that the castings had good physical properties and were free from shrinks. The castings had a uniform ture, a tensile strength of 14,000 lbs. per square inch, and an elongation of .7 5% in 2 inches.
Another alloy was produced containing 4% iron and 4% antimony. Castings thickness prepared from the alloy had good characteristics, both withrespect to the finish andphysical properties. When previous attempts have been made to cast thin-sectioned castings of this type containing such a high proportion of iron, the castings had the tendency to crack in the mold.
As iron always exists as an impurity in crystalline grain strucof an inch in An additional alloy was prepared containing ferrotitanium conand the 4% iron,-2% antimony, 1% sisting of iron and 25% titanium,
' cations which may remainder aluminum. A good casting was obtained.
'Ihe castings produced in the preceding examples were machineable, and since they were made from aluminum having a substantial iron content, secondary aluminum may be utilized in preparing the alloys. The alloys were capable of being rolled and forged and had good corrosion resisting properties.
In specifying the percentage, of alloying ingredients in the alloy, it will be understood that the range of percentages given refers to \the finished casting, as well as to the alloy itself. In order to produce good castings, it has heretofore been necessary to maintain the amount of iron in the castings below. a certain percentage, which is the total iron in the original alloy as well as that dissolved in the casting operation;
My improved alloy has a lower thermal expansion than alloys in which antimony is not present, which renders it very desirable for use in pistons. g
From the foregoing specification it will be apparent that I have provided analloy, and cast .ings prepared therefrom that contain a substantial amount of iron. A lower grade of aluminum than it hasheretofore been practical to, utilize may therefore be employed.
It will also be seen that by the addition of antimony to secondary aluminum alloys containing from 2% to 10% of iron, the large crystalline structure caused by the high iron contentwill be broken up and castings having comparatively fine grain structure will be obtained. I am, therefore, able to utilize a lower grade of aluminum in forming castings, and this is especially true in preparing castings in chill molds.or by the die casting process-in which it has heretofore been necessary to maintain the amount of iron in the original alloy below a maximum of 2%, and preferably below a maximum of 1.25%. In former practice when attempts were made to prepare die castings from secondary aluminum alloys the surface layers of the castings had a porous center. The addition of antimony to such alloys, however, eliminates the porous center, increases the ductility materially and strengthens the casting.
While I have referred to the alloy disclosed herein as an alloy which may be cast in chill molds without forming shrinkage cracks; it is to be understood that the alloy may also be cast in sand molds without departing from the spirit of my invention. I
It will furthermore be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific details set forth in the foregoing examples which should be construed as illustrative and not by way of limitation, and in view of the numerous modifibe eifected therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention', it is desired imposed as areindicated in the appended claims.
What I claim is: I d '-i.Analuminumbasealloywhichmaybecast in chill. molds without! e cracks. comprising 75%=to 95% aluminum. at least 2% but not more than 10% iron and antimony in amounts ranging from 45% to 15%, the amount I ofmagnesium in said alloy beingless. than .5%.
2.,An-aluminum base alloy which may be cast in chill molds without forming shrinkage cracks. comprising to'95% alumin at least 2% that only such limitations bep a but not more than 10% iron. and antimony in amounts ranging from 2% to 15%, the amount of magnesium in said alloy being less than .5%. r
3. An aluminum base alloy which may be cast in chili molds without forming shrinkage cracks. comprising 75% to aluminum, at least 2% but not more than 10% iron, and antimony inamounts ranging from 2% to 7%, the amount of magnesium in said alloy being less than .5%.
4. An aluminum base alloy which may be cast in chill molds without forming shrinkage cracks,
comprising from 75% to 95% aluminum, 3% to 10% iron, and 2% to 7% antimony, the amount of magnesium'in said alloy being less 5. An 'aluminumbase alloy which in chill molds without forming comprising 75% to 95% aluminum, at least 2% maybecast but not more than 10% iron, 2% to 15% anti mony, 2%, to 14% copper, and- 2% to 10% nickel, the amount of magnesium in said alloy being less than .5%.
than .5%.
shrinkage cracks.
6. An aluminum base alloy which may be cast 4 in chill molds without forming shrinkage cracks, comprising 75% to 95% aluminum, at least. 2% but not more than 10% .iron, 2% to 15% anticomprising 75% to 95% aluminum, at least'2% but not more than 10% iron, 2% to 15% antimony, and silicon in eil'ective amounts greater than incidental mpurities up to 15%, the amount of magnesium in said alloy being less than .5%.
9. A machinable aluminum base alloy which may be cast in dies or permanent molds without forming shrinkage cracks, comprising a predominant amount of aluminum, not more than 10% of 'iron amounts ranging from .5%
mony being present in and antimony in to 15%, the antisumcient amountsto counteract the deleterious effect of the iron. and
the. amount of magnesium in said alloy beingless than .5%.
'10. An aluminum base alloy having a com paratively fine grain structure, comprising a predominant amountof aluminum, 2% to 10% of of antimony, the amount iron and .05% to 15% of magnesium in said amount of antimony and the amount of zinc being less than 2%. I
11. An aluminum base .alloy having a com paratively fine structure, comprising a predominant amount of aluminum. 2% to 10% or ironand from .l..% to 4% of antimony, the amount of um than .1% and the amount of zinc being less than 2%. -1
12. An aluminum base alloy having'a comparatively fine grain structure, comprising a predominant amount' of aluminum, 2% to 10% of iron and from .1% to 15% antimo the amount of magnesium in said alloy being less than l% and the amount of zinc being less than 3%.
, WILLIAM It.
alloy being less than the at least 2% but but not in excess of .5%'
insaidalloybeingless' 25 mony and 2% to 14% copper, the amount of
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US757216A US1997494A (en) | 1934-12-12 | 1934-12-12 | Aluminum-base alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US757216A US1997494A (en) | 1934-12-12 | 1934-12-12 | Aluminum-base alloy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1997494A true US1997494A (en) | 1935-04-09 |
Family
ID=25046877
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US757216A Expired - Lifetime US1997494A (en) | 1934-12-12 | 1934-12-12 | Aluminum-base alloy |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1997494A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3205069A (en) * | 1961-01-30 | 1965-09-07 | Int Alloys Ltd | Aluminium-copper alloys |
JPS50116311A (en) * | 1974-02-27 | 1975-09-11 |
-
1934
- 1934-12-12 US US757216A patent/US1997494A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3205069A (en) * | 1961-01-30 | 1965-09-07 | Int Alloys Ltd | Aluminium-copper alloys |
JPS50116311A (en) * | 1974-02-27 | 1975-09-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2185348A (en) | Aluminum base alloy | |
US1997494A (en) | Aluminum-base alloy | |
US2420293A (en) | Magnesium base alloys | |
US2683661A (en) | Fine grain iron and method of production | |
CN114231793B (en) | Gravity casting zinc alloy | |
US2280170A (en) | Aluminum alloy | |
US3369893A (en) | Copper-zinc alloys | |
JP7293696B2 (en) | Aluminum alloy casting material and manufacturing method thereof | |
US1912382A (en) | Method of making and casting aluminum alloys | |
US1934281A (en) | Aluminum-silicon alloy | |
US2296866A (en) | Aluminum alloy | |
US3297435A (en) | Production of heat-treatable aluminum casting alloy | |
JPH0814011B2 (en) | Zinc base alloy for high strength die casting | |
US2720459A (en) | Highly wear-resistant zinc base alloy | |
US2226594A (en) | Aluminum alloy | |
US2464918A (en) | Magnesium base alloys | |
US2098081A (en) | Aluminum alloy | |
US3772093A (en) | Copper base alloys | |
US4808243A (en) | High damping zinc alloy with good intergranular corrosion resistance and high strength at both room and elevated temperatures | |
US1932837A (en) | Aluminum alloys | |
US2280171A (en) | Aluminum alloy | |
US2280177A (en) | Aluminum alloy | |
US1932856A (en) | Aluminum alloys | |
US1932836A (en) | Aluminum alloys | |
US1932834A (en) | Aluminum alloys |