US1932837A - Aluminum alloys - Google Patents
Aluminum alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1932837A US1932837A US634154A US63415432A US1932837A US 1932837 A US1932837 A US 1932837A US 634154 A US634154 A US 634154A US 63415432 A US63415432 A US 63415432A US 1932837 A US1932837 A US 1932837A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- per cent
- calcium
- aluminum
- weight
- magnesium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 23
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 10
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010120 permanent mold casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the invention relates to aluminum base alloys containing from about 2.0 to 9.0 per cent by weight of magnesium and about 0.1 to 4.0 per cent by weight of manganese.
- the invention has for its object the improvement of alloys of the above-mentioned composition by the addition of from about 0.01 per cent to 2.0 per cent by weight of calcium.
- the invention includes the provision of a 10 desirable alloy of this class containing magnesium, manganese, calcium, and one or both of a class of elements herein defined to be bismuth and antimony.
- This application is a continuation in part ofmy copending application Serial NO. 595331. Considerable difficulty has heretofore been encountered in attempts to commercially produce castings of aluminum base alloys containing substantial amounts of magnesium.
- This difllculty 2 is encountered both in the making of sand castings and permanent mold or chill-mold castings, although the nature of the diillculty differs somewhat in each case.
- sand castings there occurs a reaction between the molten aluminum alloy containing magnesium and the ordinary sand-mold material, or vapors generated therefrom.
- Inadditiomthe aluminum-magnesium alloy does not flow freely through narrow sections at ordinary pouring temperatures, and if the pouring temperature be raised the resulting casting is unsound. If the magnesium-containing aluminum alloy be cast in a chill-mold the.
- a viscous scum often forms at the surface of the molten metal. Failure of the molten metal to ram properly through narrow mold apertures is caused, in part, by shreds or particles of this scum being suspended 60 in the molten metal and oifering a resistance to the free passage of the metal through the apertures. Regardless of the cause of this low fluidity, I have discovered that the addition to the alloy of relatively smallamounts of calcium, in preferred range between 0.01 to 0.5 per cent, improves the casting-characteristics to a very considerable extent and simultaneously eifects a reduction of the scum or dross collecting at or near the surface.
- the casting properties of the alloy are much improved and the resulting castings are sound because of the elimination of much or all of gas evolution in the molten alloy before and during casting.
- the preferred alloys are those containing 2.0 to 9.0 per cent of magnesium, 0.1 to 1.5 per cent of manganese, and 0.01 to 2.0 per cent of calcium, the balance being principally aluminum.
- An excellent alloy for general foundry purposes is one containing about 4.0 per cent magnesium, about 0.5 per cent manganese, and about 0.2 per cent calcium, the balance being principally aluminum.
- the aluminum alloys containing magnesium, manganese, and calcium are further improved, particularly as regards their strength and elongation at high temperatures, by the addition of about 0.05 to 0.4 per cent of at least one of that class of elements herein defined to be antimony and bismuth. Alloys of the above-mentioned compositions including antimony and/or bismuth in total amount not exceeding 0.05 to 0.4 per cent are extremely useful.
- the alloys herein described may be produced by the usual methods of alloying metals.
- the calcium is preferably added to the molten alloy by thrusting the calcium beneath the surface with tongs or other suitable instrument.
- the aluminum used in preparing the alloys may be pure or it maycontain the impurities found in commercial grades of this metal. Ordinarily a. good commercial grade of virgin aluminum will give excellent results and is preferable.
- a metallic alloy consisting of about 4.0 per cent by-weight of magnesium, about 0.5 per cent by weight of manganese, and about 0.2 per cent by weight of calcium, the balance being aluminum.
- a metallic alloy consisting of about 4 per cent by weight of magnesium, about 0.01 to about 2.0 per cent by weight of calcium, and
- a metallic alloy consisting of about 2.0 to 9.0 per cent by weight of magnesium, about 0.1 to 1.5 per cent by weight of manganese, and about 0.01 to 2.0 per cent by weight of calcium, the balance being aluminum.
- a metallic alloy consisting of about 2.0 to 9.0 per cent by weight of magnesium, about 0.1 to 4.0 per cent by weight of manganese, and about 0.01 to 2.0 percent by weight of calcium, the balance being aluminum.
Description
Patented Oct. 31, 1933 1,032,as7 I summon more I Robert T. woos, Cleveland, Ohio, anlignor to Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa, a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application Serial No. 83
The invention relates to aluminum base alloys containing from about 2.0 to 9.0 per cent by weight of magnesium and about 0.1 to 4.0 per cent by weight of manganese. The invention has for its object the improvement of alloys of the above-mentioned composition by the addition of from about 0.01 per cent to 2.0 per cent by weight of calcium. As one of its more specific objects the invention includes the provision of a 10 desirable alloy of this class containing magnesium, manganese, calcium, and one or both of a class of elements herein defined to be bismuth and antimony. This application is a continuation in part ofmy copending application Serial NO. 595331. Considerable difficulty has heretofore been encountered in attempts to commercially produce castings of aluminum base alloys containing substantial amounts of magnesium. This difllculty 2 is encountered both in the making of sand castings and permanent mold or chill-mold castings, although the nature of the diillculty differs somewhat in each case. In the case of sand castings there occurs a reaction between the molten aluminum alloy containing magnesium and the ordinary sand-mold material, or vapors generated therefrom. Inadditiomthe aluminum-magnesium alloy does not flow freely through narrow sections at ordinary pouring temperatures, and if the pouring temperature be raised the resulting casting is unsound. If the magnesium-containing aluminum alloy be cast in a chill-mold the. reaction effect is minimized to some extent but troubles arising from coldshuts and mis-runs are accentuated because of the more rapid chilling of the molten metal. These considerations apply with similar force to aluminum base alloys containing magnesium and -m with or without antimony and/or bismuth such as are disclosed herein. Alumi- "num base alloys containing magnesium exhibit marked tendencies to evolve gas during cooling from the molten to the solid state in a moldn This evolution of gas is harmfulsince a certain amount of it is entrapped by the solidifying metal and tends to causeporosity and, therefore, unsound castings.
I have discovered that when calcium is added to aluminum base alloys of the type described 59 herein, the diiilculties above described are, to a considerable extent, eliminated. The calcium should be present in amounts ranging from 0.01
J per cent to 2.0 per cent by weight subject to specific considerations as hereinafter disclosed.
5 In the melting of aluminum alloys of the com- September 21, 193! 4,154
position herein described, a viscous scum often forms at the surface of the molten metal. Failure of the molten metal to ram properly through narrow mold apertures is caused, in part, by shreds or particles of this scum being suspended 60 in the molten metal and oifering a resistance to the free passage of the metal through the apertures. Regardless of the cause of this low fluidity, I have discovered that the addition to the alloy of relatively smallamounts of calcium, in preferred range between 0.01 to 0.5 per cent, improves the casting-characteristics to a very considerable extent and simultaneously eifects a reduction of the scum or dross collecting at or near the surface. In the casting of articles in sand molds, I prefer to add calcium in amounts less than about 0.5 per cent except in instances where some reduction of tensile strength or other 7 mechanical property is immaterial. In amounts of more than 0.5 per cent the calcium additionv produces the advantages enumerated herein but has a tendency to lower some of the physical properties of the alloys. This eflect is not harmful when calcium is added in amounts less than about 0.5 per cent, but when high strength is so not adesideratum, the calcium maybe usedin amounts up to about 2.0 per cent. In intricate permanent mold castings where casting troubles are very serious if no calcium be added, the improved physical properties obtained coincident with the production of good castings more than oifset the diminution in properties which might otherwise result from the use of the calcium.
I have discovered that when calcium is added to aluminum base alloys containing magnesium, the amount of gas evolved during solidification of the alloys is considerably reduced. When from about 0.01 per cent to 2.0 per cent by weight of calcium is added to the alloys, the amount of gas evolved becomes less marked with increasing calcium content, and the reduction of gas evolution may be so marked that the molten metal cools to the solidification temperature with a smooth mirror-like surface. I prefer to restrict the amount of calcium added to 2.0 per cent or less since above this amount the physical properties of the alloys may be too seriously affected. If the best physical properties are desired, with an improved, although not complete, degree of gas prevention, I keep the cal- 105 cium content between 0.01 per cent and 0.5 per cent.
when calcium is added in the amounts above described to aluminum base alloys containing- 2.0 to 9.0 percent of maanesium and 0.1 to 4.0
2 per cent of manganese, the casting properties of the alloy are much improved and the resulting castings are sound because of the elimination of much or all of gas evolution in the molten alloy before and during casting. Of such alloys consisting of aluminum, magnesium, manganese, and calcium, the preferred alloys are those containing 2.0 to 9.0 per cent of magnesium, 0.1 to 1.5 per cent of manganese, and 0.01 to 2.0 per cent of calcium, the balance being principally aluminum. An excellent alloy for general foundry purposes is one containing about 4.0 per cent magnesium, about 0.5 per cent manganese, and about 0.2 per cent calcium, the balance being principally aluminum.
The aluminum alloys containing magnesium, manganese, and calcium are further improved, particularly as regards their strength and elongation at high temperatures, by the addition of about 0.05 to 0.4 per cent of at least one of that class of elements herein defined to be antimony and bismuth. Alloys of the above-mentioned compositions including antimony and/or bismuth in total amount not exceeding 0.05 to 0.4 per cent are extremely useful.
The alloys herein described may be produced by the usual methods of alloying metals. The calcium is preferably added to the molten alloy by thrusting the calcium beneath the surface with tongs or other suitable instrument.
The aluminum used in preparing the alloys may be pure or it maycontain the impurities found in commercial grades of this metal. Ordinarily a. good commercial grade of virgin aluminum will give excellent results and is preferable.
I claim:
1. A metallic alloy consisting of about 4.0 per cent by-weight of magnesium, about 0.5 per cent by weight of manganese, and about 0.2 per cent by weight of calcium, the balance being aluminum.
2. A metallic alloy consisting of about 4 per cent by weight of magnesium, about 0.01 to about 2.0 per cent by weight of calcium, and
about 0.1 to about 1.5 per cent by weight of manganese, the balance being aluminum.
3. A metallic alloy consisting of about 2.0 to 9.0 per cent by weight of magnesium, about 0.1 to 1.5 per cent by weight of manganese, and about 0.01 to 2.0 per cent by weight of calcium, the balance being aluminum.
4. A metallic alloy consisting of about 2.0 to 9.0 per cent by weight of magnesium, about 0.1 to 4.0 per cent by weight of manganese, and about 0.01 to 2.0 percent by weight of calcium, the balance being aluminum.
ROBERT T. WOOD.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US634154A US1932837A (en) | 1932-09-21 | 1932-09-21 | Aluminum alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US634154A US1932837A (en) | 1932-09-21 | 1932-09-21 | Aluminum alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1932837A true US1932837A (en) | 1933-10-31 |
Family
ID=24542641
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US634154A Expired - Lifetime US1932837A (en) | 1932-09-21 | 1932-09-21 | Aluminum alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1932837A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3235961A (en) * | 1961-06-12 | 1966-02-22 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Method of producing coated aluminium base alloys |
| US4469537A (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1984-09-04 | Reynolds Metals Company | Aluminum armor plate system |
| US4626294A (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1986-12-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Lightweight armor plate and method |
-
1932
- 1932-09-21 US US634154A patent/US1932837A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3235961A (en) * | 1961-06-12 | 1966-02-22 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Method of producing coated aluminium base alloys |
| US4469537A (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1984-09-04 | Reynolds Metals Company | Aluminum armor plate system |
| US4626294A (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1986-12-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Lightweight armor plate and method |
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