US1995062A

US1995062A - Stone channeling bit

Info

Publication number: US1995062A
Application number: US704070A
Authority: US
Inventors: William D Gray; Frank F Graham
Original assignee: PEYTON DU PONT Inc
Current assignee: PEYTON DU PONT Inc
Priority date: 1933-12-27
Filing date: 1933-12-27
Publication date: 1935-03-19
Anticipated expiration: 1952-03-19

Description

March 19, 1935. w. n. GRAY El AL STONE CHANNELING BIT Filed Dec. 2'7, 1933 4 Sheets-Shet INVENTORS M'Z/z'amD. Gray BY flazzk [Graham ATTORNEY.

March 19, 1935. w. b. GRAY ET AL 1,995,062

STONE CHANNELING BIT 4 Shee ts-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 27, 1933 INVENTORS M ATTORNEY.

March 19, 1935. w GRAY r AL :5 1,995,062

' STONE CHANNELING BIT.

Filed Dec. 27" 1935" 4 Sheets-Sheet- 3' IN VENTORS BY fhmfflGra/zam M ATTORNEY.

Marcb19,'1935. D AY A 1,995,062

- STONE CHANNELING BIT Filed Dec. 27, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 i? "A. WE wm&\\\\\\\\\ Patented Mar. 19, 1935 F. Graham, Cardiif, Md, assignors to Peyton du Pont, Incorporated, a corporation of Dela- I Application December 27, 1933, serial No.- 704,070

19 Claims. (c .'2cz ss) Our present invention relates to improvements in stone channeling bits which are employed in quarries to cut blocks of marble or other stories.

Marble deposits usually occur in regions where 5, great folding and contortion of the rock has taken place as a result of tremendous geological forces, which are ultimately locked within the marble bed; innumerous instances the beds are separated by. open fissures. These conditions present many difficult problems which must be overcome before blocks of marble can be profitably removed from the quarry beds.

Among the difficult problems which have not been successfully solved prior to our invention "was the manner of channeling marble. In removing. marble from the bed of a quarry, a channeling machinemounted to rollon a track is employed and consists primarily of a rod reciprocated by a suitable piston. Secured to this piston rod, in the prior construction, are a plurality of long, slender channeling bits or bars and 'because of their length, these bars are made of ordinary steel in order that their cost .would not be prohibitive. As a consequence, these bits,

after having been in operation for a short time, become blunt and actually do not cut themarblei but rather batter and sever the marblefrom the bed by fracturing thersame. This battering of the marble produces strains therein whichrelease.

internal forces suddenly, causing seams to open, especially in marble of adelicate nature.

The channeling bits or bars are firmly secured at their upper ends to the piston rod, but at their lower ends are unsupported because any clamp I therefor would necessarily be wider than the width of the bits and hence could not pass into the channel; cut by them. Because f the lack of supportfor the individual bits there is some deflection between them which often is as great A as four inches, depending upon thedepth of thecut or the length of the bits.- The blocks of marble thus quarried have-side faces which1are irregular, and after being removed from the quarry bed the blocks must be cut square in order to be salable. 1 This increases the cost of production and results in a loss of marble.

These disadvantages of the individual bar bits of past practice are obviated by our present invention, and accordingly this forms the principal object of this invention. g 7

Among the more specific objects of our invention is that of providing a stone channeling tool including a shank having a cutter head formed at one end thereof, a cutter block detachably secured to said head and having a plurality of grooves crossing its outerend, acutter removably seated in each groove and means for locking the cutters in their respective grooves of the cutter block.

Other objects reside in the novel construction of the individual parts-and in'their novel relation with one another to produce our improved channelingtool, as set forth in the, specification."

In the. drawings which accompany scription of our invention Figure lisa sideelevationofour improved stone channeling machine,

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the lower end of the channeler shown inaFigure 1, I 1

.Figure 3 is a sectional View 'takenon the line 3-3 of Figure 2,

Figure 4 is a perspective View of the cutter block and cutters which we have devised for use in our invention, I

Figure-5 is a perspective View of that part of our improvement shown in Figure 2,

Figure 6 is a perspective view of one of the cutters, t 1. e Figure 'Zisa perspective view of another of the cutters used in our improved channeler,

of Figure 3, and Figure 9 is a sectional invention.

' In carrying V 120 Figure 8 is a sectional view? taken on line 88 view similar to Figure 8, showing a modification of certain features of our out the objectsof this invention,- we utilize a channeling machine roof the well known Electriceair type and, in actual practice,

subjectedour improved channeler to severe tests under .alloperating conditions. The channeling machine includes a frame ll which is supported on rails 12 by the flanged wheels 13.: The rails rest upon the floor 1401" a quarry and serve as" runways for'the channeling machine as it moves back and forth on the rails during operation. Our novel channeling bit 15 is firmly secured at 16 to the piston rod 17 which is re'ciprocatdby thepistoh 13 of the motor 19, all of which parts.

are carried by the channeling machine 10.

'Our novel channeling bit or tool 15 is 0011-,

structed in the following manner, and the numerous tests which have been conducted have proven conclusively that when a channeling bit is fashioned after our inventionflthe difficult problems encountered in quarrying marble or other stone with similar tools of the prior con struction arecvercome in a very eflicient and positive manner. Instead of, the long, slender bars of past practice, we employ a solid slab-like shank 20 which is preferably made of ordinary steel in order that the cost thereof maynot be excessive. At its oneend, the shank 20 is adapted to beattached to the operating mechanism of the channeling machine 10, while at,its opposite end, the shank is provided with'a somewhat enlarged head head 21 is to weld; it to theshank 2 0 as at 22, and in this manner a steel of stock size can be utilized for the shank. Of course, if found desirable; the

' 21. A verygood methodgof forming this enlarged i shank and the head 21 may be cast or forged as an integral structure.

To the outer or lower endof the head 21 we detachably securea cutter block 23 which carries a plurality of cutter teeth such as 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28. These cutter teeth are in a novel relation with the cutter block 23, as will be described subsequently. Extending upwardly from the top face 29, the cutter block 23 is provided with a key 30 which extends between and parallel to the side faces 31 and 32 of the cutter block. The key 30 fits snugly into a key way. 33 of the head 21 and in this manner relative lateral movement between these two members is effectively prevented. Tapped holes such as 34 are provided in the block 23 and each receives a stud 35 which is threaded thereinto and having a threaded portion 36 extending upwardly beyond the top face 20.

A look washer 37 may be employed under each stud 35 to insure firm engagement between the threaded'portions of each hole 34 and stud 35. Each threaded portion 36 passes freely through a hole such as 70 of the head 21 and each stud extends into an aperture 38 out between the side faces 39, 40 of the head 21. These apertures are spaced apart, thereby affording a heavy section of metal at 4l,'which together with the end sections 42, 43' issufficient to produce the desired rigidity and strength between the upper and lower edges of the head 21. A pair of threaded members, such as the nuts 44, engage the threaded portions 36 of each stud 35 and in this manner firmly join the head 21 and the cutter block 23. The particular means for detachably securing the block 23 to the head 21 has proven in actual service to be highly eflicient and durable. I

As stated hereinbefore, the relation between the cutters and the block 23 is a novel-one, and

will-now be described in detail. At the lower end thereof, the cutter block 23 when considered in cross section is somewhat V shaped, the apex of which is well rounded as at 45. Crossing such lower end,'are.the spaced channels or grooves 46, one for each cutter, and extending from side face to side'face of the cutter block. The base 47 of each as they extend downwardly from the base 4'1.

Each cutter is fitted snugly into its respective groove 46 and these cutters are preferably of a size such that their end faces 50, 51 extend beyond the side faces 31, 32 respectively. ofthe block 23, inorder that the channel as cut will be slightly larger than the width of the head 21 and the block 23. Shoulders such as 52, 53 extendoutwardly from the side faces 31, 32, respectively and form an extended seat of the base 47 for the upper face 54 of each cutter. To insure perfect seating of each cutter in its respective groove, the upper face 54 of each cutter is chamfered or beveled as at 55, 56.

} Drilled between the rounded ends 57, 58 of the block 23 is, along bore 59, the center of which is approximately on the plane of the base 47 of the grooves 46. Each cutter, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 has a small portion of its upper face 54 recessed as at 60 slightly beyond the limits of the bore 59. After each cutter is positioned properly in its respective groove, a rod or pin 61 is passed from one round 1 end of the block 23 to the other end thereof. Thus the recessed portion of each cutter is engaged by the pin 61 to prevent endwise movement, while the cooperating tapered portions of each cutter and. groove prevent their upward movement. Each end of'the pin 61 may be peened over, at

62, to prevent movement thereof, or, as shown in Figure 9, the pin 63 may float within the bore 64, and screw plugs 65 used to maintain the pin in its proper locking position.

It will be observed from Figure 2 that the

cutters

24, 26 and 28 each have a cutting edge 66 which extends substantially at right angles to the side faces 31, 32 while the

cutters

25 and 27 each have a cutting edge 67 which is oblique thereto. Inthis manner, the

cutters

24, 26 and 28 make small triangular shaped cuts as the channeling machine 10 rolls on the tracks 12, while the

oblique cutters

25 and 27,'which are interposed between the first group of cutters, act as scavengers and break the small triangular shaped sections of uncut marble between the triangular cuts. We have found that in order to produce cutters which will have a uniform life, the central cutter 26 should extend downwardly a slight distance below the cutting edges of the remaining cutters, and also that each

cutter

25, 27 be slightly below the

end cutters

24, 28. By this construction, a more uniform distribution of the blow of the piston 18 if effected. Also, since the

end cutters

24, 28 each make the preliminary cut on the shoulder of marble left'by the preceding out,- we form these cutters in a novel manner. The tapered side of each

cutter

24, 28 adjacent the respective rounded end of the block 23 is extended downwardly closer to the plane of the cutting edge 66 than the opposite tapered side, and in this manner reinforces that portion of the

cutters

24, 28 which receives the maximum wear.

In operating the improved channeling tool 0 our invention, it will be found that the air pressure on the piston 18 can be materially reduced, as demonstrated in actual quarry use, and that the rate of channeling will be doubled in many instances as compared with the previous method in. which the long, slender-bars were employed.

In the use of these bar bits of past practice, resharpem'ng is necessary after about three hours of channeling; while in our constructions, the short cutters, since they can be made of high grade steel without incurring great expenditure of money, will channel marble for approximately fifteen hours before any signs of dullness. By

the use of a solid shank and the short, stub cutters, deflection of the'channeling tool is prevented and the marble blocks as quarried will have perfectly straight side faces. g 1

When these stub cutters become dull, the op-'- erator can easily detach the block 23 from the head 21, apply another head with its complement of cutters and then continue the channeling operation. The dull cutters can be resharpened or a new set of cutters readily substituted.

To those familiarwith the problems involved separated grooves, said cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, and means for locking said cutters in their respective grooves.

2. The combination in a stone channeling tool including a shank'and a cutter head formed at-one end of the shank, a cutter block detachably secured to said head, said cutter block having substantiallyparallel side faces and a pluralityof separated grooves crossing its outer end transversely of said side faces, a cutter removably seated in each of said separated grooves, said cutters being spaced apart fromeach other throughout their length, and means for locking said cutters in their respective grooves of said cutter block.

3. The combination in a stone channeling tool including a shank and a cutter head formed at one end of said shank, a cutter block detachably secured to said head, said cutter block including substantially parallel side faces, end faces and an outer end portion, said outer portion having a plurality of separated grooves extending from one side face-to the other side face, a cutter removably seated in each of said separated grooves and having a cutting edge at least equal to the distance between said parallel side faces, said cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout'their length, and means for locking said cutters in their respective grooves of said cutter block.

4. The combination in a-stone channeling tool including a shank and a cutter head formed at one end of said shank, a cutter block detachably secured to said head, said cutter block including substantially parallel side faces, end faces and an' outer endportion, said outer portion having a plurality of separated groovesextending from one side face to the other side'face, a cutter removably seated in each of said separated grooves and having a cutting'edge at least equal to the distance between-said parallel side faces, said cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, and means for locking saidcutters in their respectivegrooves of said cutter block, said means including apin extending'into said block from one end toward the .otheren'd' thereof and engaging each cutter. V

.5; The combination in a stone channeling tool including a shank and a cutter head formed at one end of said shank, a'cutter block detachably secured to said head, said cutter block including substantially parallel side faces, end faces and an outer portion, said outer portion having a plurality of separated grooves extending fromone side face to the other side face, the opposite sidewalls ofeach groove taperinginwardly from the base thereof, a cutter removably seated in each'of said separated grooves and having corresponding portions which contact the base and tapering sidewalls of each groove, saidcutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, the cutting edge of each cutter being at least equal to the distance between said parallel side faces, and means for lockingsaid cutters in their respective groovesof said cutter block.

6. The combination in a stone channelingtool including a shank and a cutter head formed at one end of said shank, a cutter block detach which seats against the. base of its respective: groove, such cutting edge and face extending outwardly beyond the parallel side faces of said block, a shoulder formed at each parallel side face adjacent the base of each groove and fforming, an extended seat for theface of the'cutter in such groove, and means for locking said cutters in their respective grooves of said cutter block.

7. The combination in a stone channeling tool including a shank and a cutter head formed at one end of said shank, a cutter block detachably secured to said head, said cutter block including substantially parallel side faces, end faces and an outer portion, said outer portionhaving a plurality of grooves extending from one side face to the'other side face, the opposite sidewalls of each groove tapering inwardly from the base thereof, a cutter removably seated in each groove and having side faces which contact the tapering sidewalls of each groove, each cutter being provided with a cutting, edge and a face which seats against the base of its respective groove, such cutting edge and face extending outwardly beyond the parallel side faces -ofsaid block, a shoulder formed at each parallel side face adjacent the base of each groove and'forming an extended seat for the'face of the cutter in such groove, and means for lockingsaid cutters in their respectivegrooves of said cutter block, said means including a pin extending into said block from one end toward the other endthereof and engaging each cutter.

8. The combination in a stone channeling tool including a shank and a cutter-head formed at one end of said shank, a cutter block detachably secured to said head, said cutter block including substantially parallel side faces, end faces, and an outer portion, said outer portion having a plurality of grooves extending from one side face to the other side face, the opposite sidewalls of each groove tapering inwardly from the base thereof,

a cutter removably seated in eachgroove-and having'a cuttingedge which extends at rightangles to thesubstantially-parallel sidefaces,"

there being at least one cutter interposed between the last named cutters having acutting edge extending obliquely of the substantially-parallelend faces, and means for locking saidcutters in their respective grooves of saidcutter block.'

9. A stone channeling-tool including a cutter block having substantially parallel-side faces, end

faces and an outer portion provided with a plu-" rality of separated grooves extending from one side faceto the other side face, a cutter remov ably seated in -each of said separated grooves, said cutters being spaced apart from 'e'ach other throughout their length and means for; locking said cutters in their respective grooves of'said cutter block, said means including a pin "extends ing from one end face toward the other-end face and engaging each cutter. i 10. A stone channeling tool including acutter block having substantially parallel sidefaces, end

faces and an outer portion provided with a plurality of separated grooves extending from one side face to the other side face, a cutter removably seated in each of said separated grooves and having'a cutting edge at least equal to thedistance between said parallel side faces,,said cutters being spaced apart from each other throughout their length, and means for locking said cutters in their respective grooves of said cutter block.

11.. Astone channeling tool including a cutter block having substantially parallelside' faces, end faces and an outer portion provided with a plurality of separated grooves extending from one side face to the other side face, .a cutter removably seated in each of said separated grooves and having a cutting edge at least equal to the distance between saidparallel sideufaces, said outters being spacedapart from each other throughout theirlength, and meansfor locking said cutters in their respective grooves of said cutter block, said means including a pin extending into saidblock from one end toward the other end thereof and engaging each cutter. l

12; A stone channeling tool including a cutter block having substantially parallel side faces, end faces and an outer portion provided with a'plurality of grooves extending from'one side face to the other side face, the opposite sidewalls of each groove tapering inwardly from the base thereof, a cutter removablyseated in each groove and havingside faces which contact the tapering sidewalls of each groove, eachcutter being pro- 13. A stone channeling 'tool includin g a cutter blockhaving substantiallyparallel side faces, end faces and an outer portion provided with a plurality of grooves extending from one side face to the other side face, the opposite sidewalls of each groove tapering inwardly from the base thereof, a cutter removably seated in each groove and having side faces which contact the tapering sidewalls of each groove, each cutter being provided with a cutting edge and a face which seats against the,

base of its respective groove, such cutting edge and face extending outwardly beyond the parallel side faces of said block, a shoulder formed at each parallel side face adjacent the base of each groove and forming an extended seat for the face of the cutter in such groove, and means for locking said cutters in their respective grooves of saidocutter block, saidmeans including a pin extending into said block from one end toward the other-end thereof and engaging each cutter.

14. A stone channeling tool including a cutter block having substantially parallel side faces, end faces, and an outer portion provided with a plurality of grooves extending from one side face to the other side face, the opposite sidewalls of each groove tapering inwardly from the base thereof, a cutter removably seated in each groove and having side faces which contact the tapering sidewalls of each groove, eachcutter being provided witha cutting edge and a face which seats against the base of its respective groove, such cutting edgeeand face extending outwardly beyond the parallel side faces of said block, a shoulder formed at each parallel side face adjacent the base of each groove and forming an extended seat for,

the face of the cutter in such groove, each cutter adjacent an end face of said cutter block having a cutting edge which extends at right angles to the substantially parallel side faces, there being, at least i one cutter interposed between the last named cutters having a cutting edge extending obliquely of the substantially parallel side faces, and means for locking said cutters in their respective-grooves of said cutter block.

15. A cutter block for a stone channeling tool having substantially parallel side faces, end faces, and an outer portion provided with a plurality of spaced grooves extending from one side face to the other side face, the base of each groove lying in substantially the same plane, said cutter block being provided with a drilled hole extending from one end face toward the other'end face and having its axis lying between the side faces on the plane of the bases of said grooves.

16., A cutter block for a stone channeling tool having substantially parallel side faces,-end faces, and an outer portion provided with a plurality of spaced grooves extending from one side face to the other side face, the base of each groove lying in substantially the same plane and the sidewalls thereof tapering inwardlyfrom said base, said cutter block being provided with a drilled hole extending from one .end face toward the other end face and having its axis lying between the side faces on the plane of the bases of said grooves.

17. .A cutter for a stone channeling tool including an upper surface, end faces and sidewalls which taper inwardly from said upper surface, and a cutting edge extending between the side faces and remote, from said upper surface, said cutting edge beinghformed by the intersection of a pair of -planes extending inwardly from said tapering sidewalls at a point remote from said upper surfafle, the upper surface being provided with a recess which extends between the tapering sidewalls;

18., A cutter for a stone channeling tool including an. upper surface, end faces and sidewalls which taper inwardly from said upper surface, and a cutting edge extending between the side faces and remote from said upper surface, said cutting edge being formed by the intersection of a pair of planes extending inwardly from said tapering sidewalls at a point remote from said upper surface, one tapering sidewall extending closer to said cutting edge than the other sidewall, theupper surface being provided with a recess which extends between the tapering sidewalls.

19. A cutter for a stone channeling tool including an upper surface, end faces and sidewalls which taper inwardly from said upper surface, and a cutting edge extending obliquely between the side faces and remote from said upper surface, said cutting edge being formed by the intersection of a pair of planes extending inwardly from said tapering sidewalls at a point remote from said upper surface, the upper surface being provided with a recess, which extends between the tapering sidewalls.

7 WILLIAM D. GRAY.

FRANK F. GRAHAM.