US1993182A - Hydraulic expansive reamer - Google Patents
Hydraulic expansive reamer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1993182A US1993182A US688112A US68811233A US1993182A US 1993182 A US1993182 A US 1993182A US 688112 A US688112 A US 688112A US 68811233 A US68811233 A US 68811233A US 1993182 A US1993182 A US 1993182A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- port
- plunger
- head
- cutter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
- E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
- E21B10/322—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools cutter shifted by fluid pressure
Definitions
- Lower head 32 operates in a liner 33 which forms the lower reduced part of the cylinder bore; this head carries packing 34 and fits the liner bore closely.
- the liner rests at its lower end on body shoulder' 33a, and a compression spring 35 rests on the upper endof the liner and pushes upwardly on upper head 30 to move the plunger upwardly and normally to hold it in its upper position, (Fig. 1) .v
- lower plunger head 32 covers the port 16a where passage 16 communicates with the cylinder bore.
- the long skirt 30h of upper head 30 lies above the relief port 40 such a distance that preferably that port is not covered by head 30 until about the time port 16a is opened by head 32.
- the drawing shows such relative positions of the ports that port 40 begins to close as port 16a begins to open; it is preferable that the two ports be not fully open together.
- the passages 30a have a larger area thanpassage 16 and the back pressure above head 30 is therefore smaller than that on lower head 32.
- the back pressure on head 30 may be increased by making openings 30a smaller; they may be made in total area as small as that of passage 16; ⁇ but I prefer to keep them relatively large to minimize wear 1ianddto keep higher the back pressure on the lower
- the pressure on the lower head after port 16a opens is sufficient to cause complete cutter expansion.
- Port 16a does not open until the cutters are well toward the fully expanded position of Fig. 2; the dotted lines show cutter positions with the port about half uncovered.
- relief port 40 is closed or closing; and, the cutters being then far enough out to take a biting engagement with vthe wall of the hole, the fluid pressure on the plunger and the upward thrust of the formation on the cutters as the tool is lowered, cause the completion of positive expansion.
- Port 16a may be lowered if desired to a point where'the cutters are substantially completely expanded when the port is uncovered, but I prefer to have it uncovered and fluid circulation to the cutters begin, at about the time the cutters reach the position shown and begin cutting more or less fully.
- Relief port 40 is then open ⁇ and allows drainage of fluid from the drill pipe as it is raised from the hole.
- a relatively small port at 40 suffices for drainage-a port much smaller than pipe passage 41 or circulation passage 16; so that port 40,
- port 40 may be changed to suit differing situations; it may be enlarged if work is being done in soft strata where expansion is easy; it may be reduced where expansion is difficult. Provision of port 40 in the removable bushing 40a facilitates such change by substitution; and the bushings may be of hardened steel to minimize wear of the orifice. And whenever that port becomes Worn by the fluid flow, the bushing may be replaced by a ⁇ new one. In cases where expansion is exceptionally difficult a solid plug may be substituted for the bushing so that full unrelieved pressure is then exerted on the plunger. And the suggested lower placement of port 16a provides for a longer application of that full pressure. I prefer, however, to use a bushing with at least a small port 40 wherever possible, to provide for drainage.
- a body with ⁇ -a cylinder therein whose upper end'is in communication with the drill pipe to which the body is attached, an expansively movable cutter on the body, a plunger movable in the cylinder and connected to the cutter to move it, the plunger having a lower head tting the cylinder and an upper passaged head also fitting the cylinder, a circulation passage leading from the cylinder at a point to be uncovered by the lower head on downward movement of the plunger, and a relief port leading from the cylinder at a point to be covered by the upper head on downward movement of the plunger.
- a body with a cylinder therein whose upper end is in communication with the drill pipe to which the body is attached, an expansively movable cutter on the body, a plunger movable in the cylinder and connected to the cutter to move it, the plunger having a lower head tting the cylinder and an upper passaged head also tting the cylinder, a circulation passage leading from the cylinder at a point to be uncovered by the lower head on downward movement of the plunger, and a relief Yport leading from the cylinder at a point to be covered by the upper head on downward movement of the plunger at a time not later than the uncovering of the circulation passage.
- a body with a cylinder therein whose upper end is in communication with the drill pipe to which the body is attached, an expansively movable cutter on the body, a plunger movable in the cylinder and connected to the cutter to move it, the plunger having a lowerhead tting the cylinder and an upper passaged head also fitting the cylinder, a circulation passage leadingfrom the cylinder at a point to be uncovered by the lower head on downward movement of the plunger, and a relief port leading from the cylinder at a point to be covered by the upper head on downward movement of the plunger, said relief port being formed in a bushing whereby its effective size may be adjusted.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Shearing Machines (AREA)
Description
March 5, 1935.
J. J. SANTIAGO HYDRAULI C EXPANS I VE BEAMER Filed Sept. 5, 1933 Eig. 2
and may be considered primarily as a valve member, although it may also perform as a pressure head, as will be pointed out. Lower head 32 operates in a liner 33 which forms the lower reduced part of the cylinder bore; this head carries packing 34 and fits the liner bore closely. The liner rests at its lower end on body shoulder' 33a, and a compression spring 35 rests on the upper endof the liner and pushes upwardly on upper head 30 to move the plunger upwardly and normally to hold it in its upper position, (Fig. 1) .v
In this position of the plunger cutters 12 are collapsed; when the plunger moves down the cutters are expanded.
In the normal position of Fig. 1 lower plunger head 32 covers the port 16a where passage 16 communicates with the cylinder bore. The long skirt 30h of upper head 30 lies above the relief port 40 such a distance that preferably that port is not covered by head 30 until about the time port 16a is opened by head 32. The drawing shows such relative positions of the ports that port 40 begins to close as port 16a begins to open; it is preferable that the two ports be not fully open together.
When uid pressure from the drill pipe is applied to the plunger in the position of Fig. 1, that pressure, acting on -the lower head 32 causes the plunger to move down, and to expand the cutters, under the full fluid pressure relieved only by the small port 40. The action of expansion is therefore positive, and under almost full pressure, until circulation port 16a is opened. Port 16a (passage 16) is of a size to allow relatively free circulation from the cylinder bore, but is smaller than the passage through the drill pipe (indicated at 41), so that sufficient back pressure is set up in the cylinder still to force the plunger down. And, additionally, there is some pressure exerted downwardly on upper head 30, although the passages 30a have a larger area thanpassage 16 and the back pressure above head 30 is therefore smaller than that on lower head 32. The back pressure on head 30 may be increased by making openings 30a smaller; they may be made in total area as small as that of passage 16;` but I prefer to keep them relatively large to minimize wear 1ianddto keep higher the back pressure on the lower In any case, the pressure on the lower head after port 16a opens, is sufficient to cause complete cutter expansion. Port 16a does not open until the cutters are well toward the fully expanded position of Fig. 2; the dotted lines show cutter positions with the port about half uncovered. At this time relief port 40 is closed or closing; and, the cutters being then far enough out to take a biting engagement with vthe wall of the hole, the fluid pressure on the plunger and the upward thrust of the formation on the cutters as the tool is lowered, cause the completion of positive expansion. Port 16a may be lowered if desired to a point where'the cutters are substantially completely expanded when the port is uncovered, but I prefer to have it uncovered and fluid circulation to the cutters begin, at about the time the cutters reach the position shown and begin cutting more or less fully.
On relief of pressure the spring immediately moves the plunger up and collapses the cutters.
to care for drainage, does not have to be largefV enough to relieve any considerable fraction of' the pressure in the cylinder. And the size of port 40 may be changed to suit differing situations; it may be enlarged if work is being done in soft strata where expansion is easy; it may be reduced where expansion is difficult. Provision of port 40 in the removable bushing 40a facilitates such change by substitution; and the bushings may be of hardened steel to minimize wear of the orifice. And whenever that port becomes Worn by the fluid flow, the bushing may be replaced by a `new one. In cases where expansion is exceptionally difficult a solid plug may be substituted for the bushing so that full unrelieved pressure is then exerted on the plunger. And the suggested lower placement of port 16a provides for a longer application of that full pressure. I prefer, however, to use a bushing with at least a small port 40 wherever possible, to provide for drainage.
I claim:
1. In an hydraulic expansive tool, a body with a cylinder therein, an expansively movable cutter on the body, a plunger movable in the cylinder, connected to the cutter to move it and exposed to fluid pressure from the drill pipe to which the body is connected, a circulation port leading from the cylinder and discharging from the body, and a relief port leading from the cylinder, said circulation port arranged to be opened by movement of the plunger in cutter expanding direction, and said relief port being closed by the same movement of the plunger.
2. In an hydraulic expansive tool, a body with a cylinder therein, an expansively movable cutter on the body, a plunger movable in the cylinder, connected to the cutter to move it and exposed to fluid pressure from the drill pipe to which the body is connected, a circulation port leading from the cylinder and discharging from the body, and a relief port leading from the cylinder, said circulation port arranged to be opened by movement of the plunger in cutter expanding direction, and
said relief port being closed by the same movement .i
iid
on the body, a plunger movable in the cylinder,
connected to the cutter to move it and exposed to uid pressure from the drill pipe to which the body is connected, a circulation port leading from the cylinder and discharging from the body, and a relief port leading from the cylinder, said circulation port arranged to be opened by movement of the plunger in cutter expanding direction, and said relief port being closed by the same movement of the plunger, and said relief port being formed in a removable and substitutable bushing whereby the size of the relief port may be adjusted.
4. In an hydraulic expansive tool, a body with a cylinder therein, an expansively movable cutter on the body, a plunger movable in the cylinder, connected to the cutter to move it and exposed to fluid pressure from the drill pipe to which the body is connected, a circulation port leading from the cylinder and discharging from the body, and a relief port leading from the cylinder, said circulation port arranged to be opened by movement of the plunger in cutter expanding direction, said relief port being closed by the same movement of culation port, and said relief port being formed in a removable and substitutable bushing whereby the size of the relief port may be adjusted.
5. In an hydraulic expansive tool, a body with` -a cylinder therein whose upper end'is in communication with the drill pipe to which the body is attached, an expansively movable cutter on the body, a plunger movable in the cylinder and connected to the cutter to move it, the plunger having a lower head tting the cylinder and an upper passaged head also fitting the cylinder, a circulation passage leading from the cylinder at a point to be uncovered by the lower head on downward movement of the plunger, and a relief port leading from the cylinder at a point to be covered by the upper head on downward movement of the plunger.
6. In an hydraulic expansive tool, a body with a cylinder therein whose upper end is in communication with the drill pipe to which the body is attached, an expansively movable cutter on the body, a plunger movable in the cylinder and connected to the cutter to move it, the plunger having a lower head tting the cylinder and an upper passaged head also tting the cylinder, a circulation passage leading from the cylinder at a point to be uncovered by the lower head on downward movement of the plunger, and a relief Yport leading from the cylinder at a point to be covered by the upper head on downward movement of the plunger at a time not later than the uncovering of the circulation passage.
7. In an hydraulic expansive tool, a body with a cylinder therein whose upper end is in communication with the drill pipe to which the body is attached, an expansively movable cutter on the body, a plunger movable in the cylinder and connected to the cutter to move it, the plunger having a lowerhead tting the cylinder and an upper passaged head also fitting the cylinder, a circulation passage leadingfrom the cylinder at a point to be uncovered by the lower head on downward movement of the plunger, and a relief port leading from the cylinder at a point to be covered by the upper head on downward movement of the plunger, said relief port being formed in a bushing whereby its effective size may be adjusted.
JAMES J. SANTIAGO.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US688112A US1993182A (en) | 1933-09-05 | 1933-09-05 | Hydraulic expansive reamer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US688112A US1993182A (en) | 1933-09-05 | 1933-09-05 | Hydraulic expansive reamer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1993182A true US1993182A (en) | 1935-03-05 |
Family
ID=24763169
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US688112A Expired - Lifetime US1993182A (en) | 1933-09-05 | 1933-09-05 | Hydraulic expansive reamer |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US1993182A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2602642A (en) * | 1946-11-26 | 1952-07-08 | Baker Oil Tools Inc | Hydraulic underreamer |
US3316970A (en) * | 1964-10-08 | 1967-05-02 | Gulf Research Development Co | Apparatus for cutting a notch in a subsurface formation |
US3331439A (en) * | 1964-08-14 | 1967-07-18 | Sanford Lawrence | Multiple cutting tool |
US5029657A (en) * | 1989-11-14 | 1991-07-09 | Arthur Mahar | Rock drill bit |
WO1996013648A1 (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-09 | The Red Baron (Oil Tools Rental) Limited | 2-stage underreamer |
US20140374170A1 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-25 | Toby Scott Baudoin | Underreamer Apparatus and Method |
US20150060040A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2015-03-05 | Deltide Energy Services, Llc | Downhole Cutting Tool Having A Jetted Top Bushing |
CN109209235A (en) * | 2018-10-13 | 2019-01-15 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Three-edge scraper |
-
1933
- 1933-09-05 US US688112A patent/US1993182A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2602642A (en) * | 1946-11-26 | 1952-07-08 | Baker Oil Tools Inc | Hydraulic underreamer |
US3331439A (en) * | 1964-08-14 | 1967-07-18 | Sanford Lawrence | Multiple cutting tool |
US3316970A (en) * | 1964-10-08 | 1967-05-02 | Gulf Research Development Co | Apparatus for cutting a notch in a subsurface formation |
US5029657A (en) * | 1989-11-14 | 1991-07-09 | Arthur Mahar | Rock drill bit |
WO1996013648A1 (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-09 | The Red Baron (Oil Tools Rental) Limited | 2-stage underreamer |
GB2308608A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1997-07-02 | Red Baron The | 2-stage underreamer |
GB2308608B (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1998-11-18 | Red Baron The | 2-stage underreamer |
US5853054A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1998-12-29 | Smith International, Inc. | 2-Stage underreamer |
US20150060040A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2015-03-05 | Deltide Energy Services, Llc | Downhole Cutting Tool Having A Jetted Top Bushing |
US20140374170A1 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-25 | Toby Scott Baudoin | Underreamer Apparatus and Method |
CN109209235A (en) * | 2018-10-13 | 2019-01-15 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Three-edge scraper |
CN109209235B (en) * | 2018-10-13 | 2020-08-04 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Three-edge scraper |
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