US1992949A - Method of utilizing floating soap and derivatives thereof - Google Patents
Method of utilizing floating soap and derivatives thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1992949A US1992949A US650862A US65086233A US1992949A US 1992949 A US1992949 A US 1992949A US 650862 A US650862 A US 650862A US 65086233 A US65086233 A US 65086233A US 1992949 A US1992949 A US 1992949A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- floating
- soap
- water
- oil
- floating soap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 title description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000178870 Lavandula angustifolia Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010663 Lavandula angustifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001102 lavandula vera Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018219 lavender Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 gums Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TYWMIZZBOVGFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO TYWMIZZBOVGFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical class C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Erythrose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C=O YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-IUYQGCFVSA-N D-erythrose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-IUYQGCFVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010056474 Erythrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021353 Lignoceric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lignoceric acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000425347 Phyla <beetle> Species 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical class CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N ethyl (z)-3-(methylamino)but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)NC FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Chemical class CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052592 oxide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/38—Alcohols, e.g. oxidation products of paraffins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/52—Natural or synthetic resins or their salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/048—Soap or detergent bars or cakes with an inner core consisting of insoluble material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/06—Protein or carboxylic compound containing
Definitions
- My invention relates to what is known in the paper industry as floating soap, that saponaceous product which is formed in the black liquor used for digestion in the production, of paper or other cellulosic products by the sulphate or the soda process, and which in part separates and floats as a scum to the top of the liquor drained from the pulp after digestion, and which also is in part in solution in the liquor and further quantities may be separated out by centrifugal separation or other methods.
- a particular object of my invention is to provide an improved emulsifying and suspension agent which is particularly useful in suspending or dispersing water immiscible substances generally and in the separation of minerals by flotation.
- a further object of my invention is to provide improved stable emulsions of oil, waxes, and related substances and suspensions of fine solid particles in water, oil or other liquids.
- Floating soap so called, contains the. alkali salts of a complexity of fatty and resinous acids, higher alcohols, and a number of other compounds, many of which have not. as yet been identified. While no dependable analysis of floating soap? is available, it is known to treat the product, for example, as set forth in the U. S. Patent to Michelson, No. 1,823,752, in such a manner as to free the acid constituents and alcohols from the floating soap and obtain a complex mixture of such constituents which is known in the trade as Tallol.
- soap contains free sodium hydroxide, free sodium'sulphide, free sodium carbonate, free sodium acetate, and other unidentified materials.
- the physical and chemical properties of difierent samples vary to a certain extent depending upon the conditions of manufacture, and the 10 woody material from which it is obtained.
- Floating soap is soluble in hot water, alcohol, petroleum hydrocarbons, and, to a certain extent, in practically all organic solvents.
- the oils and resins precipitated by the neutralization of the soap with the acids apparently form a homogeneous mixture.
- Emulsz'fying agent oil of lavender, stearic acid, dichlormethane, linseed oil, and turpentine Emulsz'fying agent oil of lavender, stearic acid, dichlormethane, linseed oil, and turpentine.
- the general procedure in producing an emulsionwith floating soap is to melt or mix the material to be emulsified with the soap, and. then add water, with agitation. After a thoroughly homogeneous emulsion is obtained, the mixture may be further diluted. In the case of some materials, such as linseed oil, it is to advantage to add a small amount of fatty acid-to produce a more permanent emulsion. This appears to have the eiiect of lowering the pHvalue and raising the hydrogen ion concentration, and thus making emulsification of the material easier.
- linseed oil In the case of linseed oil, the following example will-give a water-in-oil type of emulsion, which is very stable: Melt together floating soap (30% moisture) 5 parts, oleic acid 1 part, linseed oil 5 25 parts. When thoroughly mixed add slowly, with agitation, 25 parts of water. This emulsion may be diluted with water to very low concentrations.
- I may use soap 10 parts, wax 10 parts, oleic acid 3 parts, and melt together. parts of water are then added, with violent agitation.
- ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is added to the soap in the place of oleic acid, as it is of advantage to raise the pH value and raising the hydrogen ion con-.- centration.
- the proportions of the materials are not particularly important. I have successfully emulsified pine oil, rosin, casein, mineral oil, ethylene dichloride, oil of lavender, stearic acid, and dichlormethane, by melting with the floating soapancl then adding water without the use of oleic acid. However, in some cases this oleic acid would have made a smoother emulsion.
- the emulsions thus formed are unusually stable and possess relatively high dilution ratios. Ihe floating soap being of relatively low cost renders the material especially attractive for use as an emulsifying agent.
- Pigment suspension agents I have further discovered that "floating soap is particularly useful in the production of suspensions of pigments orother fine solid particles in water, oil or other liquids.
- suspensions of such materials as china clay, titanium dioxide, titanox B, and red lead may readily be made.
- the soap In using the soap" to produce suspension of pigments or other fine solid particles in water, oil, or other liquid, the soap is dissolved in the liquid until a clear solution or an even emulsion is obtained, and then the pigment is added, with violent agitation.
- An emulsifying and suspension agent comprising floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material.
- a suspension agent for pigments and other finely divided solid substances in water, oil, and other liquids comprising floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material.
- a method of making emulsions of oils, waxes, resins, pitches, gums, and other liquids and solids not otherwise miscible with water which comprises mixing the material to be emulsified with floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, and adding water with agitation.
- a method of making emulsions of oils, waxes, resins, pitches, gums, and other liquids and solids not,otherwise miscible with water which comprises mixing the material to be emulsified with floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, adding a fatty acid, and then adding water with agitation.
- a water emulsion comprising floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, and a substance selected from the following: oils, waxes, resins, pitches, gums and other liquids and solids not otherwise miscible with I water.
- a water emulsion comprising floating soap" obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, and a substanceselected from the following f'T'OilS, waxes, resins, pitches, gums and other liquids and solids not otherwise miscible with water, and a fatty acid.
- An emulsion comprising substantially ten parts each of floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, paraffin wax, substantially three parts of oleic acid, and fifty parts of water.
- An emulsion comprising substantially five parts floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, linseed oil twenty-five parts, oleic acid one part, and water twenty-five parts.
- a method of making a suspension of fine particles of solid matter which comprises providing a solution of floating soap" obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic-material in water and stirring in ten to fifteen per cent of the weight of the solution of the substance to be suspended.
- a method of making a suspension of fine particles of solid matter in a liquid which comprises mixing floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material with the liquid to obtain a clear solution or an even emulsion and adding the fine solid matter with violent agitation.
- a suspension agent for use in a flotation process comprising floating soap" vobtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of. sulphate or'soda cellulosic material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
Patented Mar. 5, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I Paul Hodges, Tuscaloosa, Ala., assignor to Gulf States Paper Corporation, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.
12 Claims.
My invention relates to what is known in the paper industry as floating soap, that saponaceous product which is formed in the black liquor used for digestion in the production, of paper or other cellulosic products by the sulphate or the soda process, and which in part separates and floats as a scum to the top of the liquor drained from the pulp after digestion, and which also is in part in solution in the liquor and further quantities may be separated out by centrifugal separation or other methods.
A particular object of my invention is to provide an improved emulsifying and suspension agent which is particularly useful in suspending or dispersing water immiscible substances generally and in the separation of minerals by flotation. 1 l
A further object of my invention is to provide improved stable emulsions of oil, waxes, and related substances and suspensions of fine solid particles in water, oil or other liquids.
Floating soap, so called, contains the. alkali salts of a complexity of fatty and resinous acids, higher alcohols, and a number of other compounds, many of which have not. as yet been identified. While no dependable analysis of floating soap? is available, it is known to treat the product, for example, as set forth in the U. S. Patent to Michelson, No. 1,823,752, in such a manner as to free the acid constituents and alcohols from the floating soap and obtain a complex mixture of such constituents which is known in the trade as Tallol.
Among'the compounds which have been identified in floating soap are the sodium salts of oleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid, capric acid, and linoleic acid, and unidentified unsaponifiable compounds. (Hasselstrom Paper Trade Journal, July 8, 1926, page 60; Chem. Abs. 20: 3566). Also in Sandquist, Berichte 64 B, page 2172-4; (Chem.
Abs. 26: 472) there are identified a salt of lignoceric acid, lignoceryl alcohol and phytosterol. Aschan in Finska Kem. Medd. 1918, page 8 (Chem. Abs. 13: 2868) describes salts of pinabietic acid. Dittmer in Z. Angew. Chem., vol. 39,- page 262 (1926) (Chem. Abs. 20: 2072) describes abietic acid as well as confirming the work of other investigators, and mentions other unidentified hydrocarbons. i
E. Phyala in Svensk. Pappers Tid. vol. 29, 601-4, 627-9 (1926): (Chem. Abs. vol. 21, page 2072) separates the so-called "floating soap according to viscosity into twelve classifications ranging from easily mobile fatty oil to a black asphalt like resin. Among compounds not mention d y the Application January 9, 1938, Serial No. 650,862
investigators and identified by this author are ricinoleic acid, erucic acid, erythrose and mannose.
Besides the above mentioned compounds, the so-called soap contains free sodium hydroxide, free sodium'sulphide, free sodium carbonate, free sodium acetate, and other unidentified materials. The physical and chemical properties of difierent samples vary to a certain extent depending upon the conditions of manufacture, and the 10 woody material from which it is obtained.
Floating soap is soluble in hot water, alcohol, petroleum hydrocarbons, and, to a certain extent, in practically all organic solvents. The oils and resins precipitated by the neutralization of the soap with the acids apparently form a homogeneous mixture.
Emulsz'fying agent oil of lavender, stearic acid, dichlormethane, linseed oil, and turpentine.
The general procedure in producing an emulsionwith floating soap is to melt or mix the material to be emulsified with the soap, and. then add water, with agitation. After a thoroughly homogeneous emulsion is obtained, the mixture may be further diluted. In the case of some materials, such as linseed oil, it is to advantage to add a small amount of fatty acid-to produce a more permanent emulsion. This appears to have the eiiect of lowering the pHvalue and raising the hydrogen ion concentration, and thus making emulsification of the material easier.
" In the case of linseed oil, the following example will-give a water-in-oil type of emulsion, which is very stable: Melt together floating soap (30% moisture) 5 parts, oleic acid 1 part, linseed oil 5 25 parts. When thoroughly mixed add slowly, with agitation, 25 parts of water. This emulsion may be diluted with water to very low concentrations.
, ,In making emulsion of paraflin wax, I may use soap 10 parts, wax 10 parts, oleic acid 3 parts, and melt together. parts of water are then added, with violent agitation.
In making rubber emulsions, ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is added to the soap in the place of oleic acid, as it is of advantage to raise the pH value and raising the hydrogen ion con-.- centration. In this case, the proportions of the materials are not particularly important. I have successfully emulsified pine oil, rosin, casein, mineral oil, ethylene dichloride, oil of lavender, stearic acid, and dichlormethane, by melting with the floating soapancl then adding water without the use of oleic acid. However, in some cases this oleic acid would have made a smoother emulsion.
The emulsions thus formed are unusually stable and possess relatively high dilution ratios. Ihe floating soap being of relatively low cost renders the material especially attractive for use as an emulsifying agent.
Pigment suspension agents I have further discovered that "floating soap is particularly useful in the production of suspensions of pigments orother fine solid particles in water, oil or other liquids. For example, suspensions of such materials as china clay, titanium dioxide, titanox B, and red lead may readily be made.
In using the soap" to produce suspension of pigments or other fine solid particles in water, oil, or other liquid, the soap is dissolved in the liquid until a clear solution or an even emulsion is obtained, and then the pigment is added, with violent agitation.
For example, if a 5% solution of floating soap is made in water 10%, to 15% of the weight of the solution in pigment such as titanium dioxide, may be stirred in, and will remain in suspension for a considerable length of time. Of course, the time necessary to settle out depends upon the fineness and nature of the pigment. Other things being equal, a solution of floating soap will suspend, or defiocculate, pigments for a much longer time than water or gum arabic and glue solutions such as have heretofore been used,
Among the particular advantages of floating soap as a suspension agent are its high solubility in water, oil and other common liquids, and its low cost.
Collection and jrothing agent in flotation processes I have discovered that floating soap is an especially effective collection and frothing agent in flotation processes, particularly in the flotation of sulphide or oxide minerals. It is also effective in the separation of fibre from white water, graphite from its associated materials, and in the separation of numerous other materials.
In carrying out flotation by this method, a 1% to 2% solution of floating soap is mixed with the mineral to be floated, so that not too thick a slurry is obtained. A flne stream of air or violent agitation produces a froth. As the froth apparently floats and collects both the oxide and sulphide minerals, it seems to have'the'advantages of xanthate and soap flotation at the same time. The froth may be easily broken down and the floating mineral recovered by means of the alcohols, acids or acid fumes. It also has the advantage of extremely low cost, making recovery unnecessary.
While I have shown my invention'in several forms, it will be obvious to those-skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but "is susceptible of various other changes and modifications, without departing from the spirit thereof, and Idesire, therefore, that only such limitations shall-be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art or as are specifically set forth in the appended claims. I
What I claim is:
1. An emulsifying and suspension agent comprising floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material.
2. An emulsifying agent for emulsifying paraffin wax, pine oil, rosin, casein, rubber, foam oil, lubricating ofl, ethylene dichloride, oil of lavender, stearic acid, dichlormethane, linseed oil, and like water immiscible organic compounds, comprising floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material.
3. A suspension agent for pigments and other finely divided solid substances in water, oil, and other liquids, comprising floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material.
4. A method of making emulsions of oils, waxes, resins, pitches, gums, and other liquids and solids not otherwise miscible with water, which comprises mixing the material to be emulsified with floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, and adding water with agitation.
5. A method of making emulsions of oils, waxes, resins, pitches, gums, and other liquids and solids not,otherwise miscible with water, which comprises mixing the material to be emulsified with floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, adding a fatty acid, and then adding water with agitation.
6. A water emulsion comprising floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, and a substance selected from the following: oils, waxes, resins, pitches, gums and other liquids and solids not otherwise miscible with I water.
7. A water emulsion comprising floating soap" obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, and a substanceselected from the following f'T'OilS, waxes, resins, pitches, gums and other liquids and solids not otherwise miscible with water, and a fatty acid.
8. An emulsion comprising substantially ten parts each of floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, paraffin wax, substantially three parts of oleic acid, and fifty parts of water. I
9. An emulsion comprising substantially five parts floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material, linseed oil twenty-five parts, oleic acid one part, and water twenty-five parts. i
10. A method of making a suspension of fine particles of solid matter which comprises providing a solution of floating soap" obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic-material in water and stirring in ten to fifteen per cent of the weight of the solution of the substance to be suspended.
11. A method of making a suspension of fine particles of solid matter in a liquid which comprises mixing floating soap obtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of sulphate or soda cellulosic material with the liquid to obtain a clear solution or an even emulsion and adding the fine solid matter with violent agitation.
12. A suspension agent for use in a flotation process comprising floating soap" vobtained as a floating scum from the black liquors in the manufacture of. sulphate or'soda cellulosic material.
PAUL HODGES.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US650862A US1992949A (en) | 1933-01-09 | 1933-01-09 | Method of utilizing floating soap and derivatives thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US650862A US1992949A (en) | 1933-01-09 | 1933-01-09 | Method of utilizing floating soap and derivatives thereof |
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US1992949A true US1992949A (en) | 1935-03-05 |
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US650862A Expired - Lifetime US1992949A (en) | 1933-01-09 | 1933-01-09 | Method of utilizing floating soap and derivatives thereof |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2466671A (en) * | 1945-09-22 | 1949-04-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Froth flotation of nonmetallic ores with black liquor soap in acid circuit |
US2479226A (en) * | 1945-10-24 | 1949-08-16 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Emulsion polymerization of unsaturated organic compounds |
US2555794A (en) * | 1948-10-18 | 1951-06-05 | Shell Dev | Well-drilling fluid |
US2636604A (en) * | 1949-06-17 | 1953-04-28 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Flotation of pyrites from a pyrite ore pulp |
US2854419A (en) * | 1955-01-21 | 1958-09-30 | Crossett Chemical Company | Treating floating soap and product obtained thereby |
US20060037890A1 (en) * | 2004-08-17 | 2006-02-23 | Rautiola Craig W | Environmentally safe promoter for use in flotation separation of carbonates from minerals |
-
1933
- 1933-01-09 US US650862A patent/US1992949A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2466671A (en) * | 1945-09-22 | 1949-04-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Froth flotation of nonmetallic ores with black liquor soap in acid circuit |
US2479226A (en) * | 1945-10-24 | 1949-08-16 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Emulsion polymerization of unsaturated organic compounds |
US2555794A (en) * | 1948-10-18 | 1951-06-05 | Shell Dev | Well-drilling fluid |
US2636604A (en) * | 1949-06-17 | 1953-04-28 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Flotation of pyrites from a pyrite ore pulp |
US2854419A (en) * | 1955-01-21 | 1958-09-30 | Crossett Chemical Company | Treating floating soap and product obtained thereby |
US20060037890A1 (en) * | 2004-08-17 | 2006-02-23 | Rautiola Craig W | Environmentally safe promoter for use in flotation separation of carbonates from minerals |
US7275643B2 (en) * | 2004-08-17 | 2007-10-02 | Fairmount Minerals, Inc. | Environmentally safe promoter for use in flotation separation of carbonates from minerals |
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