US1991593A - Conversion of gases and other hydrocarbon materials into motor fuel, etc. - Google Patents
Conversion of gases and other hydrocarbon materials into motor fuel, etc. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1991593A US1991593A US437338A US43733830A US1991593A US 1991593 A US1991593 A US 1991593A US 437338 A US437338 A US 437338A US 43733830 A US43733830 A US 43733830A US 1991593 A US1991593 A US 1991593A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gases
- heating
- motor fuel
- conversion
- vapor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000645 Hg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGJPPCSCQOIWCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium mercury Chemical compound [Cd].[Hg] DGJPPCSCQOIWCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZASWJUOMEGBQCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dibromolead Chemical compound Br[Pb]Br ZASWJUOMEGBQCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C9/00—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
- C07C9/14—Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons with five to fifteen carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/02—Non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/04—Metals, or metals deposited on a carrier
Definitions
- a container 2 which may be of steel or other suitable materiaLand having its inner surface in the reaction zone covered so as to avoid a ferrous surface.
- the facing material 3 may be of flreclay, sillimanite, etc.
- An inlet duct 4,.preferably in ahead 5 which may be removed for occasions of repair, aifords access for gases or .vaporous materials to be operated upon. From the lower portion a: the container a vapor oiftake Bis arranged, being connected to a suitable condenser system (not shown), the detail of which is immaterial.
- a conduit '7 providing a circuit for high temperature heating vapors, and heating means 8, as an electric heating element'or gas or other flame jets, provides. a localized vaporizing zone in such conduit.
- heating means 8 as an electric heating element'or gas or other flame jets
- a localized vaporizing zone in such conduit.
- the entire assemblage is desirably surrounded by a heat insulative wall 9, which advantageously may take the form of a furnace chamber, with outlet flue 10 and heating furnace 11, the latter allowing of firing at such rate as may be desired to-maintain suitable temperatures in the system, without extra drain on the internal heating means.
- an inlet pipe 12 suitably insulative- 1y covered as by a jacket 13 provides a means for the inlet of a cooling gas,.when desired.
- material in gasiform condition such agents preferably having a high boiling point.
- such materials as zinc, cadmium, alloys of zinc and cadmium or magnesium or mercury, alloys of cadmium and mercury, alloys of magnesium and zinc, etc., salts of high boiling point, as lead chloride, lead bromide, etc.
- theheating agent will desirably'have a boiling point about 700 C.
- gases or vaporized petroleum fractions of heavier character such as gas oil, or residual tars vaporized by help of steam'or the like are fed into the reaction zone through the inlet conduit 4, while the heating vapors from the vaporizer 8 circulate into the container through the conduit '7, intermingling with the hydrocarbon gaseous material entering through the conduit 4. Heating may be readily had by direct transfer from the hot gasiform fluid.
- vaporized gas oil or the like may be introduced" to act as cooling agent, and at the same time be also cracked by contact with the hot fluid.
- the heating agent is recirculated back through the heater 8 to the top of the container 2,
- the temperature may be controlled by the boiling point of the particular heating agent used, or by regulation of the pressure in the system higher or lower than atmospheric. For instance, with zinc boiling normally at 918 C., temperatures on such order may be readily directly applied. Or again, with cadmium, temperatures of 778 C. and slightly higher may be readily directly had. If pressure be imposed, pressures on the order of 100- 300 lbs., or more with the lower boiling heating agents may be employed.
- hydrocarbon gases for instance refinery gases as derived from distillation or cracking and stripped of all condensible components
- hydrocarbon gases for instance refinery gases as derived from distillation or cracking and stripped of all condensible components
- the pressure is desirably just sumcient to afford a good throughput, and the treated vapors discharge through oiftake 6 to be treated for condensation of the condensible portions.
- a cooling gas as cold tail gas, is supplied through the pipe 12 to facilitate the cooling and further handling of the material from the reaction zone.
- the temperature range such as afforded by zinc vapor as heating agent, the products coming from the reaction zone provide a condensate of mixed character, running high in benzol andwith a considerable component of. toluol, and a heavy tar fraction may befurther worked up to yield naphthalene, anthracene, and a reslnoid material suitablefor electric insulative usage, etc.
- gas oil or heavier hydrocarbons may be vaporized to be fed into the converter through supply line 4, while a heating vapor is introduced by conduit '7.
- a heating vapor is introduced by conduit '7.
- cadmium; or cadmium-mercury alloy may be employed under pressure.
- Mercury may be employed, the pressure being raised. With zinc or agent of like boiling point the heating time should be short.
- the initial feed through pipe 4 be gas, as refinery gas or natural gas
- the cooling agent introduced at pipe 12 be vapors of gas oil or heavier hydrocarbons to be also cracked
- the gasoline hydrocarbons so produced are available in the motor fuel fraction of the condensate.
- vapors of gas oil or heavier hydrocarbons may be fed both at inlet 4 and at 12.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
R. E. BURK I 1,991,593 CONVERSION OF GASES AND OTHER HYDROCARBON MA TERIALS INTO MOTOR FUEL, ETC
Feb. 19, 1935.
Filed March 20, 1930 Co/v vEzTEz 6A5 FORM PAW MATERIAL.
COOLING 6A6 VA Po: OFF TAKE To co NDEN6EE- INVENTOR. r0567? 6. Bu rk A TTORNEYS.
ture of 375-500" C.
Patented Feb. 19, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CONVERSION OF GASES AND DTHER HY- -DROCARBON MATERIALS FUEL, ETC.
m'ro Mo'roa Robert E. Burk, Cleveland, Ohio., assignor to The Standard Oil Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application March 20, 1930, Serial No. 437,338
In the preparation of motor fuels various S118- gestions have been made along the line of cracking liquid or vaporized heavy hydrocarbons by superheated steam and other vapor at a temperae superheated steam howeve'r is an ineihcient heat transfer medium and such other vapors as have been suggested are imprac ticable from reasons of cost or instability, etc.
Moreover, only a relatively low and limited temperature range has been so contemplated, and
the further problems therebeyond have: not been met. In accordance with the present invention however, operation with a heating vapor becomes feasible, and furthermore, gases and waste materials can be readily converted into motor fuel view showing a formof apparatus contemplated.
Referring more particularly to the drawing, there is shown a container 2, which may be of steel or other suitable materiaLand having its inner surface in the reaction zone covered so as to avoid a ferrous surface. The facing material 3 may be of flreclay, sillimanite, etc. For operation where slight pressures are desired, the entire container may in fact be made of such materials. An inlet duct 4,.preferably in ahead 5 which may be removed for occasions of repair, aifords access for gases or .vaporous materials to be operated upon. From the lower portion a: the container a vapor oiftake Bis arranged, being connected to a suitable condenser system (not shown), the detail of which is immaterial. Connecting with the container, preferably at its highest and lowest portions is a conduit '7 providing a circuit for high temperature heating vapors, and heating means 8, as an electric heating element'or gas or other flame jets, provides. a localized vaporizing zone in such conduit. In order to guard against heat losses externally, the entire assemblage is desirably surrounded by a heat insulative wall 9, which advantageously may take the form of a furnace chamber, with outlet flue 10 and heating furnace 11, the latter allowing of firing at such rate as may be desired to-maintain suitable temperatures in the system, without extra drain on the internal heating means.
[At the lower portion of the container 2 is a cool-- ing zone, and an inlet pipe 12 suitably insulative- 1y covered as by a jacket 13 provides a means for the inlet of a cooling gas,.when desired.
As heating means internally of the container, I apply material in gasiform condition, such agents preferably having a high boiling point. For this I mayemploy such materials as zinc, cadmium, alloys of zinc and cadmium or magnesium or mercury, alloys of cadmium and mercury, alloys of magnesium and zinc, etc., salts of high boiling point, as lead chloride, lead bromide, etc. Where the hydrocarbons treated are gases, theheating agent will desirably'have a boiling point about 700 C. i
The hydrocarbon materialsto be converted, as
.for instance gases or vaporized petroleum fractions of heavier character such as gas oil, or residual tars vaporized by help of steam'or the like,- are fed into the reaction zone through the inlet conduit 4, while the heating vapors from the vaporizer 8 circulate into the container through the conduit '7, intermingling with the hydrocarbon gaseous material entering through the conduit 4. Heating may be readily had by direct transfer from the hot gasiform fluid. Preferably, however, I employ the heat of condensation of the hot vapor, it condensing in contact with the hydrocarbons to, be treated and in the transition from vapor to liquid state giving up a very large amount of thermal units as compared with. the
case of mere temperature dropina gasiform fluid without condensation. Moreover, the heat of condensation is liberated at constant temperature, thus affording a factor of temperature con trol. By employing a high boiling material as heating fluid, it can also be readily separated from the hydrocarbons while still at quite high temperature and be. recirculated. The reaction zone.
is free from ferrous surfaces, my research having shown that the catalytic action' of ferrous sur.--
faces is particularly detrimental for conversion reactions of the character contemplated. In the cooler zone beyond the reaction zone, such precautions are not necessary, and the surface may be of convenientmaterial, as steel. To facilitate cooling beyond the reactionzone, I prefer to introduce a cooling gas or vapor) through pipe 12, for example a hydrogen rich gas as obtained from the outlet of the condenser system. Or,
vaporized gas oil or the like may be introduced" to act as cooling agent, and at the same time be also cracked by contact with the hot fluid. The
heating agent is recirculated back through the heater 8 to the top of the container 2, The temperature may be controlled by the boiling point of the particular heating agent used, or by regulation of the pressure in the system higher or lower than atmospheric. For instance, with zinc boiling normally at 918 C., temperatures on such order may be readily directly applied. Or again, with cadmium, temperatures of 778 C. and slightly higher may be readily directly had. If pressure be imposed, pressures on the order of 100- 300 lbs., or more with the lower boiling heating agents may be employed.
As an example of the invention, hydrocarbon gases, for instance refinery gases as derived from distillation or cracking and stripped of all condensible components,are forwarded into the inlet conduit 4, while zinc vapor is provided from the heater 8 and conduit '1. The pressure is desirably just sumcient to afford a good throughput, and the treated vapors discharge through oiftake 6 to be treated for condensation of the condensible portions. Desirably, a cooling gas, as cold tail gas, is supplied through the pipe 12 to facilitate the cooling and further handling of the material from the reaction zone. With the temperature range such as afforded by zinc vapor as heating agent, the products coming from the reaction zone provide a condensate of mixed character, running high in benzol andwith a considerable component of. toluol, and a heavy tar fraction may befurther worked up to yield naphthalene, anthracene, and a reslnoid material suitablefor electric insulative usage, etc.
Again, gas oil or heavier hydrocarbons, including even such materials as cracking coil tar, may be vaporized to be fed into the converter through supply line 4, while a heating vapor is introduced by conduit '7. For this, it is desirable to employ cadmium; or cadmium-mercury alloy may be employed under pressure. Mercury may be employed, the pressure being raised. With zinc or agent of like boiling point the heating time should be short.
If the initial feed through pipe 4 be gas, as refinery gas or natural gas, and the cooling agent introduced at pipe 12 be vapors of gas oil or heavier hydrocarbons to be also cracked, the gasoline hydrocarbons so produced are available in the motor fuel fraction of the condensate. In some instances vapors of gas oil or heavier hydrocarbons may be fed both at inlet 4 and at 12.
By the employment of heating agents which combine with sulphur, as for instance zinc and the metals mentioned, a sulphur-attractive vapor at the temperature'of reaction is provided, and the products formed are desulphurized at the same time.
By. reason of the avoidance of ferrous contact surfaces, reaction of the type here concerned is accomplished in a highly favorable manner, the
uniform application of heat furthermore possible by reason of the heating vapor making additionally a highly uniform character of yield. Op'ration at higher ranges of temperature is thus made feasible, and such waste by-products as refinery gas, and other low molecular weight gases are readily converted into products suitable for motor fuel as such or by blending with customary stocks.
Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may be employed, change being made as regards the details disclosed, provided the features stated in the following claim, or the equivalent of such, be employed.
I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:- A process of converting hydrocarbons to motor fuel, which comprises subjecting a petroleum refinery gas to the action of vapor of zinc.
ROBERT E. BURK.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US437338A US1991593A (en) | 1930-03-20 | 1930-03-20 | Conversion of gases and other hydrocarbon materials into motor fuel, etc. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US437338A US1991593A (en) | 1930-03-20 | 1930-03-20 | Conversion of gases and other hydrocarbon materials into motor fuel, etc. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1991593A true US1991593A (en) | 1935-02-19 |
Family
ID=23736023
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US437338A Expired - Lifetime US1991593A (en) | 1930-03-20 | 1930-03-20 | Conversion of gases and other hydrocarbon materials into motor fuel, etc. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1991593A (en) |
-
1930
- 1930-03-20 US US437338A patent/US1991593A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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