US1988647A - Glazing bar - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 22, 1935., R. w. EMERSON ET AL 1,988,647

GLAZING BAR Original Filed April 5, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet l Aw lg JZ @.9

Jn. 22, 1935. R. w. EMERSON ET AL GLAZING BAR Original Filed April 3, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet l2 waff/Waver' I @VEN/2:71475 I ,@@Z @Emerso w Jan- 22, 1935. R, `w. EMERSON Er Al. 1,988,647

GLAZING BAR Original Filed April 5, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Jan. 22, 1935 uNlrli-o STATE 1,938,644'11-7 t "cLnziNGisAn ,y n Ralph W. Emerson, Y Chicago, and f Stirling." if

PAT

Harper, Wilmette, Ill.:- f Y 'Application April a, 1931,' seriai'ivdismso -V VRenewecrl June 14,v 1934 V 5 Claims.'l (m5108515) 2.3.

'Ihe present invention relates .to'glazing bars for buildings and has particular. reference to glazing bars .of extruded aluminum.`

An objectV of thepresent invention-is to provide glazing bars of aluminum. v

A primary object .ol the present invention 'is to provide a new method of securing glass or other.v

sheet material to glazingv or'other framing bars of structures or parts of structures built of metal or wood bars and sheet material, and further toy tioned deteriorationof"materials, leakage of.

weather from without and water of condensation from within, uncontrollable air leakage, excessive breakage of glass due to localized fixed or screwed fastenings, the difficulty of replacing sheet material, and the high cost of both construction and;

maintenance.

To provide against deterioration of materials and to aid in reducing the. manufacturing cost the metal parts of the present invention are designed to be made from' aluminum or if desired from bronze or other non-deteriorating metals, by

rolling, die drawing, stamping, extruding or other similar methods whereby low cost of production in large fvolumes of accurately formed especially designed parts is secured.

There is everywhere a growing demand for light weight simply and economically constructed enclosing wallsland roofs, which, occupying a minimum of space, are still so designed and constructed as to overcome all previous diiculties and be attractive and clean. in appearance with they design of the various parts expressing the function of the same. The constructional features of such parts must be adapted either to glazing or to closingin with thin sheet material.

Where glazed such structures must oler the minimum of obstruction to light from various directions. n

' Structures towhich the typeof the construe'- tion` of the present invention might-be applied are generally built with a skeleton framework "formedg .n

of.. which the supporting. members for .the hereof the present invention would `betl'ie. purlins otr roofs or walls'or the wall mandrel'beams..Y l Another. and still vfurther .obiectotrthe inven-Y. tion is to provide metallic glazing barszandnovel anchoring means fori securing. said-.barstoi .the. frame structure .mithout'zthe fuseoi;rivets,k fbolts, or like fastening. means....l.fv.. f y .f g... j

The new vmethodoi the V.present invention for securing glass orv other. .sheet material Vto glazing' or framing barssfconsists primarily 'in-:.theguse of preformed springcoversso de'signedoof. ;springy material whereby the covers may .bereaslly snapped over or easily. removed atiwllfrcmsuitably formed .and cooperating-headed glazing., or. framing bars and t to retain :thecovers LinFene-lf: gagementV witl'i-1v said`v bars Lwitlrtcontinuous spring pressure thus holding. the .covers:inrpositioxil I'The i coversof .the present invention. are `not crimped or bent buty rely for the spring actionaduefto the construction .of the coverspfor retaining thofs'ame in applied positions. ,1 The above, other, and furthennbiects; ofgthe invention will be apparentirom .the.-folloiivi'nsf` description, accompanying. drawingapand appended.

claims. Embodiments of the invention mare illustrated in .theA accompanying drawinga and the views". thereof are as follows?. 1"-

; Figure.I 1 is any isometric view of-.abar madein accordance witlrf-thev present invention showing the section ofthe bar.:V .1112; Figurezisa fragmental enlarged partialL sectional view showingone means for securing-glaz.-V ing bars 'of the. present invention tothe building l structure;` and also one meansvfor supporting cross glazing bars. l

4 Figure ais an enlarged vertical transverse *sec-.

tional view taken throughl abar such as' that of Figurefl showing thesamezinstalled in afmild` ingand the preferred vmanner of supporting the? glass.-r L..

Figure 'lisa fragmental isometricview'of a modied form of bar with a glass ledge and gutterV on bu't'one sident the same. .r f 1'. `Figure y5 is'. an enlarged y:fraziriental sectional viewshowing the glazing bar. ofthe present-in,N vention' as :the same appears when mounted along a truss adjacent theiunction fof that truss with a y truss fcrminga-purlin... 1 1 4 Figure 6 is afrasmentel isometric view of a bar of modied section..r. ..1 l Figure 'l 'issn-isometric view cfa combined glazing bar andra'fter entraine memberintecrally with any type of building or roof construction,"l Y,

movement of the clip with respect to such bar. The length of the portion 13 is such that the inner surface of the end member and also of the body of the clip bears against the adjacent upturned edge 4 and cannot be driven against such upturned edge with suiiicient force to distort or break the same. Two clips B are generally utilized to secure one of the barsA toga purlin-between trusses or rafters.. -The two vclips so employed are secured together by a bolt 14 passing through suitably disposed apertures in the clips which bolt is fastened by means of a nut 15.

steel, wood, or otherwise wherein the rafters-"or -"-"'When the glazing bars A are extruded a groove trusses are connected` atIairiteryrallsby4 .purlinsg` preferably of channel or angle membersg; The roof bars or glazingnbarsdare arranged along the rafters or trusses runningfrom the'"peakl` of the roof down to the sides of the building' or like structure and also disposed at intervals;lzietvveerl` the trusses or rafters or purlns which run lengthwiser'of the.buildinga-iifl'heglazingbars may extendtofthe ground tli'nelif ydesiredn ix The glazingzbarsillustratedin Figures 1, '3,15 and: 8' aremade'o'eXtI-uded aluminum: forming bulbous headsilv, webs2; bottomilan'ges-lw'ith in-f clined side:marginsif'andiledgest 5 intermediate 1 theheads'and'thefbottomflanges.u11kt-v` f a The ledges 5 are formedifoneachr'sdexoffthe webs 2except ini-.such instancesrwhere it is-'desired to supportglassfpanesalongone sideonlyof vsuch Ibars irrwhich eventi-theilbas'e and' ledge onone=side .ofthe webstareomitted as illustrated iniFigurezl, 'z i The .uptuedl side -r-narginsf4 v4 cooperate with;

thecwebs ..2'; #."Preferablyrthe 'upper'. :faces .of Vthe ledges-5 are corrugated -to retainithe bed gzfor: the glass :panesfon'theledges.=f'`r r fy .'Thebar as illustrated in Figures 1,23; 5,.;and 8is so. fashioned 'as'.t distribute. the metal sym.

metrically about v:vertical'andA horizontal axes of the section of the bar thus aifording suiiicient strength'and1rigidity.-f 2 :1:15 l ai,

V'I'l:ie:'barillustrated'in Figure 1fis` full size and is the sizeactually used as glazing: bars for .buildmgs. :.-r

rThe rafters .orfitrussesf' may be fofraanyxdesi'gn whatsoever and of 1 wood; steel, or.v other material-.i Figure 5 illustrates a glazingeba-r A' secured' along' a'trussT formedsin the `presentinstancev with angles 6and'l'7 andanintervening plate 52.0n the upper edges of which the bar-A rests.: a 1 f 'At intervals'inv the'lengthof .the truss. orrafter formed by the angles 6 fandw'ljpurlins 8 .are fas-V tened lin: any l'desi-red'.manner such fortinstance, byangleplates: at thelconnections. The-purlns run lengthwise of the building or likefstructure;l that is, perpendicularly to` thetrussesor rafters.'

The' 'glazing' :bars TA.- fastened .to 'the-'purlns'. 8 intermediate thel lraftersfor. -trussesvare secured' thereto'lby-clips as illustrated'inFiguresjlZand 3-.' Each clip B comprises a body 9 having an rend, 10 spaced from-the `body at. ,one'-.end.th"ereofi and a shoulder-11 'at' the'lother end. The end-ljex-.z tends inwardly from the adjacent. end:V of? :zthe body B rand2 disposed-ite "underlie the '.'upper flangellzsof apui'lin 8'.: `The clips'rB 'areffastenedY to' the flanges. 12: of lthe..-purlins: 8 y by-hooking' the end 10 yunder the4 under surface'fof the; upper flange 1 and snapping the shoulder'lliv downf over the web 'of' the 'purlim .y The'clip :Bs is' preferably ,of spring metal and forms tight-eonnectionawithlthe puninsQ-f jrneenpiisf provided-iwan inwardly directed' portion 113 f-forb'earing'against Ath'efradjal cent face of the web ofthe bar Ato limit inward f 17 is formed in'each side of the web 2 beneath the .v1edgev5 as a drill centering groove so that the web maybe drilled wherever it is desired to install lclips-"Bandthe boltsA 14. The grooves 17 serve to center the drill point while making such bolt holes.

The arrangement shown in Figure 3 is that looking at the left side of Figure 2 and is somewhatenlarged."

Figure 3 illustrates one manner of "supporting glass'panes C by the glazing bars ofvthepresent invention. A strip of plastic material 18 is laid along the ledge 5' on veach side ofthe web 2 of the bar and another'strip 19 of plastic material is laid against the web2 adjacent the ledgesv 5. The

panes Care then placedon top of vthe plastic strips 18 whereupon plastic strips 20 are laid along have the lower portions outturned forming seats 22 and2l for bearing against the sheet material suchas glass which is to be maintained' in proper' relationwith respect to the framing bars A. The undercut grooves 23 yreceive the legs 24 of the cl-ips or'covers D with the grooves serving. as a continuous fulcrum to transmit a portion of the internal spring action of the curved part 54 which acts to 'bend the legs 24 towards each other and thus hold the cover onto the bar with spring action. yThe "topf'54 of thecover, when'the cover in applied position, i'sout of contact with the bar -A thus providing an insulating space between the cover'and the' bar. The 'form of the seat or flangesQl and 22 is vsuch .that any resultant of outward force exerted on thesheet material combined with the -forces created vby the. internal springaction-of the -legsV 24 and the top 54` serves? ends of the, covers to insure continuously uni form retaining pressure Aagainst the sheet ma,A

ter ial..,' v 5 ,Y Y y Preferably the spring `covers D are made in lengths equal to the lengths ofthe sheet mate# rial B with slightly deformed overlapping lportions at the y ends of the cover to insure lcontinuously uniform' Ypressure Aagainsttthe sheet mate-,- rialfor retaining it in DQStion.f

of length of cover on 'either side isthusv required to be only one twenty-fourth Yof the amount off pressure which would berequired were retaining fastenings spaced twenty-four inches apart. It is by this improvement that is re'ductin` of the unit pressure and continuity of uniform pressure that the present invention eliminates breakage of sheet material. 7 I

Assisting in the elimination of breakage of the sheet material such as glass is the use of the cushioning or bedding strips 20 interposed along the margins of the glass sheets where the same are supported in the frame structure, and the choice of the preferred metal, aluminum, which has mechanical properties substantially the same as of glass.

The covers D are easily applied over the heads of the supporting bars by pressure applied along the tops 54 of the covers and may be easily re.- moved for replacing broken glass or thev like by beginning at one end of a cover and spreading the skirt or pressing the curved top 54 toward the head of the bar thusfreeingthe engaging legs 24 from engagement with the undercut grooves 23 in the bars. I

No fastening means of any character are employed to maintain the covers in position as the spring pressure of the covers against the vbars is sufficient to retain the same under all conditions of service.

The undersides of the heads 1` of the glazing bars are undercut as at 23 to receive the inturnedv portions 24 of the clips D.

The glazing bar E of Figure 4 comprises a head la, a web 2a, a bottom flange 25, an upturned side marginal iiange 26, and a ledge 27. The bottorn flange 25, side flange 26, and glass ledge 27 are formed on one side only of the web 2a for' use where it is desired to support the glass along one side only of such glazing bar such forinstance as illustrated inl Figure 10.

A groove end of a clip D' for securing the clip to the bar. Figure 6 illustrates an extruded aluminum glazing bar which is utilized to extend along the roof in register with the purlins and consists of a top flange 28, a web 29, a glass supporting ledge 30 on one side of the web and another glass supporting ledge 31 on the opposite side of'theweb. A gutter 32 is formed by a portion 33 spaced below the ledges 30 and 31 on one side of the bar. This bar F is illustrated in Figures 2 and 10. The height of the bar F that is from the flange 28 to the lower surface of the lowerl portion 33 forming the gutter is less than the overall height of the bars A and E. Figure 8 illustrates an assembly of a glazing bar A and two glazing bars F. It will be noted that the lower portions 33 of the bars F rest on top ofthe side flanges 4 of the bar A thus spacing the bars F above the truss o-r rafter carrying the glazing bars A. In this arrangement the gutters 32 of the glazing bars F discharge into the gutters formed in the bars A whereby condensation may be carried away to eavesor outside gutters as desired. In Figures 9 and 10 showing fragmental portions of a roof construction utilizing the glazing bars of the present invention a ridge 34 is supported on a separator plate 35 suitably attached tothe roof framework. Glazing bars G are provided for cooperating with the separator'` plates 35 and the ridge 34. The ridge 34 has converging portion 36, vertical portions 37 therebelow,

53 is cut in the headfla to receive an outturned'a'nges 38 'and-upwardly inclined side flanges 39-.-Th portions 37and the flanges 38 and l9zformjng` gutters 40. The glazing .bars 6 are-suitablyi2secured to the inclined portions 36 and as shown are arranged in'back to back relation.

Each glazingbarGis provided with a laterally i extending i. lug- 42 .toreceive panes of glass suitably seated thereon by plastic strips of the character and arrangementas described with reference to Figure 3. Clips 'Df cooperating with the heads 41 of the glazing bars G retain the glass panes against the'lugsorshelves 42 in the same manner as describedzwith .the preceding figures.

Theheads ,41; aregrooved'to receive the inturned portions 54 of the clips D;

' The portionv of roof illustrated in Figure 10 is inclined with .glazingbarsA extending along the rafters'or trussesfdownwardly from the ridge 34. *Purlins 8 are provided on which similarglazing bars A- rest;`

Extending lengthwise of the roof, that is, parallel to the separator plate and overlying the Vseveral purlins 8 are glazing bars F arranged with the'lo-wer portions 33 of the bars F above the,

upper flanges of the purlins 8.V Any condensation accumulating in the gutters 32 of the glazingibars F passesrinto `the gutters of the bars A at the ends of the bars F so that such condensation may. pass downwardly to suitable eavesA for disposalzY The glass Vpanes are supported von the: ledges or shelves 30 and 31 of the glazing bars Fbeing spaced r"therefrom by, plastic strips 43 with upstanding. strips against the adjacent edges of the panes. It will be observed that the upper edge of the=paneis inserted between the flange 28 and the ledge 30 so that access of rain, snow, and the like is prevented'whereas the lower margin of thepane is supported on the ledge 31. The provision ofthe plastic strip 43 and the end strip 44 prevent seepage of rain and the like past the panes.

The clips D and Di cooperating with the glazing bars A may be made as long as desired that is as longv as the several bars A so as to have no opening through the same. Although for convenience in replacing broken 'panes of glassthe clips are made in length the distance from :one purlin to the next as preferred.

The glazing `bars A, E, F, and G may be bent to provide a roof structure of any desired shape.

These bars `may be extruded at the mill and supplied in any standard lengths such as 8, 10, 12, 14, 2 0 feet and the like and cut to proper lengths on the job. The bars may also be bent on the job to provide the curvature desired.

Figure 5 illustrates one manner of tying glazing bars Awhen vthe same are mounted alongthe ilar tohthe-y arm..10 offthe vclip lB villustrated in Figure 2. The clips .45 `are arranged. one. onv each side of a glazingbar A where the-'same is'disposed along the truss, or. rafter-jandare .held inv position bya bolt `50 passing through Zapertures in the clips and also in-thezweb 21of thebar A. i

It will be observed that the bars A are designedv so that median lines both verticalandhorizontal are drawn through-*a-sectionvof the same, show an even dispositionof meta1'above`and`below and. 'also on each sideofJ suchmedian lines.

and rafter .5l may also be bent. toprovide a roof of 'desired shape. 1 f r v It will be 'observed` thatthis-invention provides glazing bars which arelight, strong-and. which are made of metalpwhichf is not subject-to deterioration by weatherconditions.Y -Such bars v.are

easily bent to provide. structuresgof anydesired. styleand shape and also. are light enough to be` readily installed without excessive labor. The use of clipsfor attaching thesebars to the structureV is benencialin that the vclipsmay be arranged along the length ofthe `bars as desired and secured thereto in selected positionsv by', bolts .passing through the' webs of. the bars, the-.bolt holes being formed-at desired points bythe erectorwho'readily centers his drill in theldrill-notch provided for this purpose. The clipsarespring clips whichY grip the purlins tightly to prevent displacement of the'glazing bars in service.

The use of glazing Ybars in 'the-present invention maybe readilyxunderstoodand also thead-z vantage' of the Abars .inthepresent invention: may

be understood. 'Ihe bars-of this invention may be manufactured in any standard lengths -asl desired, transported'to the place of use and there cut to proper lengths whatever-'the lengths may be` and also shaped to `propel-curvature thusV reducing the laborcostfincidental tothe erection of greenhouses and; llike structures. .The glazing bars being ormetal are stronger than those made of wood and at the same timeare of much smaller cross sectional area so as to reduce to a minimum the shadow .eiect created by Ithe glazing bars.v

These bars being made-of aluminum s uier no ill effects from weather' conditionsand consequently do not have to be repaired or painted. l

Figure l. illustratesgfull size ofrthe bars of type- A whereupon it maybe readily understood and observed that suchl-barsreduce tota.V minimum the shadow effect created by reason of thepuse of the same. Ittwillwbe. observedalsov that bars of the type A. are much smallerthany Wooden bars would haveto be same size and area. f

y It may be readily `uriderstood that special'y shapes of these barsv'may bereadily extruded as The glazing' ba'rs `of :the ,present =invention can be usedto. supportthe glass panes'inan overfor supporting glass of,l the g. purposes. The use of spring clips for maintaining the panes in position on the glazing strips serves at all times to wedge the panes against the embedded mastic thus assuring a weatherproof joint at the glazed portion.

The mastic which is proposed to be employed in glazing with the bars of the present invention is made up. in strips-or rolls so as to be readily unrolled or set along a glazing ledge or shelf thus reducing cost ofapplicaton ofv such mastic and doingaway with the necessityA of using putty as vmust be done with mastic or equivalent substances, in other forms than rolled or in strips.

The. mastic. or embedding.. material utilized along the edges of the glass pane is preferably of an asphaltic compound with asbestos or similar iiber incorporated therein and is made in the manner of Iapreformed strip or tape of sectional contour conforming to theglazing bars and the spring cover of the invention. The tape is preferably supplied to the job in roll form with a separating strip ofpaper `between the layers so that the tape may be unrolled along the margins of the glass .or other Vsheetrnaterial employed to expedite the application of thetape to the material. The use of the bedding material in tape form enhances-the appearance 'of the nished structure and not being necessarily vinjured in application or removal `may be reused if occasion arise.

The glass supporting ledges of the bars of the present invention are provided with a multiplicity of grooves and projections 55 and 56 respectively which cooperate withand retain in proper position the mastic tapematerial. Y It has been found in practice that glass supported ony steel bars breaks more readily than when supported on wood. The natural characteristicskof glass and aluminum are similar and less breakageof glass should occur with aluminum than with wood. The modulus of elasticity of aluminum and glass is approximately the same Whereas for steel itis three times that of glass or aluminum.v Y l j The size, shape and arrangement of the illustrated form of bars are designed -for strain where the bar is supported at intervals of ve to six fleet, thus doingaway with the intermediate support necessary when Wooden bars are employed. `'l'rhe protuberances 55are provided for the purposeVof-urging the mastic downwardly against the pane when the clips are applied to the bars,

for retaining the paneon the bars. n

. Theseparator plates 35 illustrated `in Figure 10 are usually short plates disposed at intervals in the length of the ridge 34 and are with the ridge.

n labor in the field and designed so that as much Work as possible might be done in the shop thus reducing the eld labor to avminimum.

All theerectors have to do in applying glazing bars vof the present invention is cut the same to proper' length which maybe readilydone with a hand saw, apply the clips for fastening the bars to the purlins or trusses and drill the webs wherever any of the bolts'14 and l5 are to be'inserted. The provision of the notches 17 in the webs of the bars serve as centering notches for the drill so that the erector does not have to ascertain the correct place for the hole and use a prick punch for indicating the place to be drilled. He ascertains the correct position for the bolt and then places his drill in the groove and drills a hole for the bolt. s

Referring to Figure 10 where the :bars F are shown as supported on the upturned flanges 4 of the bars A, it will be observed thatl the bars F are illustrated in this manner for clarity of understanding whereas when it comes to practical in-y stallation, the bars F are mounted on the clips 9 as illustrated in Figure 2. Mounting the bars F in the manner illustrated in Figure 2, especially in a sloping roof the clips 9 serve to prevent movement of the bars F downwardly as it will be noted these bars rest against shoulders formed in the clips thus preventing gravitational movement downwardly.

The clips of the present invention engage the sides of the glazing bars with uniform and continuous pinching action from Vend to end, with skirts or seats which rest against the sheet material, consequently yexerts continuous pressure against such sheets. This provision of continuity of pressure along the sheet material prevents fractures and breakage such as are found in clips or attaching means of diiferentconstruction.

The invention has been described herein more or less precisely as to details yet it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited thereby as changes may be made in the arrangements and proportions of parts and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. v

The invention is claimed as follows:

l. Means for securing sheet material such as glass to framing or glazing bars, said means comprising spring sheet metal covers of uniform section and having substantially arcuate circular central portions with the sides thereof inturned and then down and outturned, the inturned portions constituting engaging legs and the outturned portions constituting seats for contacting the sheet material, the engaging legs contacting the bars with substantially line contact, the covers otherwise being out of contact with the bars, the central curved portions of said covers being put under strain when said covers are applied to the bars thereby tending to urge said legs together, such action increasing the engagement of the covers with the bars.

2. Means for securing sheet material such as glass or the like to framing or glazing bars, including a spring sheet metal cover member engageable with a framing bar with spring action for securing sheet material to said bar, a framing bar having lateral grooves along the sides thereof, said cover having in the height thereof inwardly directed yportions constituting legs for engaging said grooves when a cover is applied to a bar, said cover otherwise being out of contact with said bar, the construction of the cover being such that the portion connecting said legs is strained when the cover is in applied position and the strain so imposed being eective to cause said legs to engage said grooves with spring action.

3. Means for securing sheet material such as glass or the like to framing or glazing bars, including a spring'sheet metal cover member engageable with a framing bar with spring action for securing sheet material to said bar, a framing bar having undercuts along the sidesthereof, said cover having in the height thereof inwardly and upwardly directed inturned portions constituting legs for engaging said undercuts when said cover is applied to said bar, the portions of said cover below said legs being outturned constituting seats for contacting sheet material, said last named portions being compressed when a cover is applied over a bar and against the sheet material, such compression tending to increase the engagement of said legs with said undercuts.

4. Means for securing sheet material such as glass or the like to framing or glazing bars, including ay spring sheet metal cover member engageable with a framing bar with spring action for securing sheet vmaterial to said bar, said'cover comprising a central connecting part having inturned portions alongthe sides thereof constituting legs for engaging a bar, a glazing bar having grooves along the sides thereof engageable by said legs, the connecting portion of said cover acting with spring action to force said legs into engagement with said bar grooves when a cover is in applied position.

5. Means for securing sheet material such yas glass or the like to framing or glazing bars, including a spring sheet metal cover member engageable with a framing bar with spring action for securing sheet material to said bar, said cover having in the length thereof inwardly and outwardly directed inturnedportions constituting legs, a framing bar having undercut portions along its sides, the legs of said cover being engageable with said undercuts when a cover is applied to a bar, the intermediate portion of said cover connecting said legs acting with spring action to squeeze said legs into engagement with said undercuts, portions of said cover below said legs being outturned constituting seats for engaging sheet material, said last named portions being compressed when a cover is applied over a bar and against sheet material, such compression tending to increase the spring engagement of said legs with said undercuts.

RALPH W. EMERSON. S'I'IRLING H. HARPER

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