US1987780A - Antenna system - Google Patents

Antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
US1987780A
US1987780A US382203A US38220329A US1987780A US 1987780 A US1987780 A US 1987780A US 382203 A US382203 A US 382203A US 38220329 A US38220329 A US 38220329A US 1987780 A US1987780 A US 1987780A
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United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
plane
strands
currents
radiation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US382203A
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English (en)
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Latour Marius
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/04—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna with parts bent, folded, shaped, screened or electrically loaded to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna

Definitions

  • Short wave directive antenna arrays comprising an aerial screen arranged in the form of a Greek fretwork consisting of a continuous conductor bent in such fashion as to comprise periodically recurring vertical and horizontal sections developed in one and the same plane.
  • the object of such antenna arrays as have previously been disclosed, is to radiate the maximum energy in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the system.
  • a further object of the invention is to combine a plurality of these fretwork screens in such manner asv to increase to a desired extent the effective radiating or receiving surface of the antenna.
  • the invention makes possible the combination and connection of a plurality of fretwork screensin such fashion as to present a single pair of adjacent terminals for connection toan oscillator,
  • the entire antenna system may be suitably energized from a single. source; or conversely to provide a single pair of adjacent terminals for connection to a detector element in aradio receiver whereby waves impinging upon the antenna system produce additive effects. in such detector.
  • Figure 1 shows an elementary antenna system of the type de: ribed herein consisting of a single continuous conductor developed into a screen or fretwork consisting of repetitions of the Greek letter 5'.
  • Figure 2 shows an antenna system similar to Figure 1 but differently proportioned relative toithe wavelength, to produce maximum radia-- tion-in the plane-of the antenna.
  • Figures 3 and4 show antenna arrays in accordancegwith modified forms of Figure 2, and being energized differently from the'ant'enna of Figure 2; ineach case, however, producing maximum radiation in the plane of the antenna.
  • Figure 5 shows an arrangement combining a plurality of antenna of' the type indicated inthe type indicated in Figure 4 in such.manner as to obtain maximum radiation in the plane of the antenna.
  • Figure 7 shows an arrangement combining a dimensions consisting of a plurality of rows of antenna arranged to give maximum radiation in a direction parallel to the antenna planes.
  • Figure 8 shows a modification whereby a single continuous conductor may be shaped in such manner as to produce the same type of radiation characteristic as is obtained with a plurality of antennae arranged in accordance with Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 shows a modification of Figures 2 to 4 inclusive, whereby by the interposition of a plurality of suitable inductances properly located at various points along the antenna conductor, the radiating surface of the. antenna system may be increased for a given wavelength as compared to the arrangements of' Figures 2 to 4 inclusive.
  • Figure 10 shows a modification .of Figure 5 utilizing suitably placed inductances for the purpose of increasing the radiating surface of the antenna system in the same manner as was indicated in Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 shows a loop antenna in accordance with the present inventionsuitably dimensioned and energized to produce improved directional radiation or reception.
  • n any integral number, and which can be zero.
  • w could be any integral number of half wave lengths.
  • Equation (1) it is convenient so to construct the antenna for this case that puted directly from Equation (1) having once determined upon the wavelength to be utilized. It is obvious, of course, that everything that has been stated above regarding transmission, applies equally to reception.
  • Figure 2 shows an antenna constructed in accordance with the assumption first above-mentioned, wherein If such an antenna be energized at the midpoint of one of the vertical strands (as indicated by the letter G representing an oscillator connected from ground to the midpoint of a vertical strand), then the antenna will be so energized as to produce maximum radiation in the direction indicated by the double arrow :1 lying in the plane of the antenna.
  • the reason for this is that the successive vertical strands are energized at each instance by the source G, in such phase relations that waves are continuously propagated from the oscillator in the direction (1 by the successive vertical strands.
  • the currents are directed upward.
  • the resultant current is zero; in the next three vertical strands the currents are all directed downward; and in the next strand the current is zero,
  • the relative phase relations are such that the current magnitudes in the successive vertical strands are at each instant proportional to the intensities at such points of the electromagnetic waves being radiated.
  • the generator or oscillator may be connected at any point of the antenna system such as G where either the heads or the tails of current-arrows meet.
  • the currents in the horizontal strands produce no propagation in a direction perpendicular to d in the plane of the antenna, since, for example, the current in strand 6 is 90 out of phase with that in strand 7, and is separated spacially therefrom by a distance equivalent to a phase difference of 90.
  • the result is that waves simultaneously propagated from the upper and lower horizontal strands will arrive at a given point in phase opposition and hence will annul each other.
  • the radiations in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the antenna will be small since the effect at any point outside the plane due, for example, to the upward currents in the first, second and third vertical strands will be annulled by the corresponding effect due to the downward currents in the fifth, sixth and seventh vertical strands, respectively, and so on. And again, the eifects produced by currents in the upper horizontal strands will be annulled by the opposite effects due to currents in the lower horizontal strands.
  • Figure'5 represents a combination of two aerial other undesirable effects.
  • antennae are. annulled, since thecurrentsinfthe respective strands are 180 out ofvphasaelectrically, and are separated by a distance corresponding to or 360 electricalldegrees phase displacement. The result is that currents propagated to any point from the. two strandsfarriveatsuchi point in phase opposition to each other, and hence produce zero resultant effect.
  • Figure 6 represents a combination of two aerials each similar to that of Figure fand between the upper horizontal strands of the other aerial. Electrically, this antenna arrangement is the same as that of Figure 5, except for Itwill be noted. that the currents in the r ground return to; the generator already: re:- ferred to. The:radiation from this arrangement is in the direction d in the plane of the antenna, the radiating area being double that of Figure 4.
  • the radiations from corresponding horizontal strands; of: the respective aerialszannul. one anothensince, the currents therein are in like phase relation. and are: separated, spacially by 180. Waves: propagated therefrom to a given point thus-arrive in phase opposition.
  • Figure 7 illustrates two combinations, each of them similaix to that of: Figure. 6,: and mounted. intwo parallelplanes one behindthe other and distant one-half wavelength from each other; one of the combinations is finely traced and the other heavily, for, the ipurpose-gof identification.
  • the antenna arrangement of Figure '7 produces maximum radiation in the direction 11 which is'parallel'to the planes of the individual aerialsz
  • the radiation surface for the arrangement ofiEigure "ii is; of -course, double that of Figure 6.
  • The;- radiation oftwo horizontal strands: such as 3 and 4-along a line perpendicular to these strands and to the plane of the aerials, is annulled, because the currents follow then-same direction and are distant from each other one-half of the wavelength. Currents fromthe: two: strands thus. arrive atanypoint in phase opposition.
  • Fig. 12 shows'graphically the manner of positioningtwo distinct. antenna systems for pro--.
  • System A is energized: atits, midpoint by algenerator G1 connected asshown;
  • System B is similarly. energized. by a; generator G2 connected at:the midpoint thereof Generators G1- and: G2 fare s operated that the currentsgflow-ing in system-1m 1 are displaced in phase relative to the currents flowing in system B by the angle With these conditions fulfilled, the maximum radiation will be to the right only or to the left only in the drawing depending upon the value of n.
  • generator G2 connected at:the midpoint thereof Generators G1- and: G2 fare s operated that the currentsgflow-ing in system-1m 1 are displaced in phase relative to the currents flowing in system B by the angle
  • This antenna will, of course, produce maximum radiation in the direction (1, since currents in corresponding vertical strands such as 1, 2, and 3, are all in the same direction and are reversed in phase as compared to the currents in the next succeeding vertical strands, such as 6, 7 and 8.
  • the currents in the perpendicular strands produce no effect in the direction d, since the currents in a pair of such strands such as 4 and 5, are reversed in phase and will thus arrive at a given point in the direction (1 in phase opposition.
  • the currents in all of the vertical strands located in a given plane perpendicular to the direction d are in the same direction as, for example, currents in the strands 6, 7 and 8, and hence, the efiect is that of a sheet of current flowing in the same direction at all points in such a plane, thereby causing a wave to be propagated in a direction perpendicular to such plane, such as direction at.
  • the ver tical strands located in one plane parallel to the direction of propagation act as a reflector screen for waves impinging upon the same and propagated from the vertical strands located in another plane parallel to the direction of propagation, such as strands 1 and 8.
  • Antenna systems such as those of Figures '7 and 8 are, therefore, seen to constitute very effective directive antenna arrays, since substantially all of the energy radiated in any direction from a given elementary vertical section is caused to be propagated in the direction of maximum radiation.
  • the waves which are propagated from one reflector screen and impinge upon the next succeeding reflector screen at an angle greater than the critical angle, and hence pass thru the same, are neutralized by other waves radiated from such second screen which are propagated therefrom 180 out of phase with the impinging waves.
  • Figure 9 shows a modification of Figure 3 arranged for the purpose of increasing the radiating surface of the antenna for a given wavelength. Since each vertical strand covers a distance of three-halves of a wavelength, ordinarily the current would flow in opposite directions in diiferent portions of the same vertical strand, and hence, the radiation would be correspondingly reduced.
  • the inductances such as 4 and 5 are interposed at each one-half wavelength and are constructed to absorb one-half of a wavelength, being practicaly nonradiating. The result is that the currents in the vertical portions 1, 2 and 3, are all in the same direction, the reversed half-waves of current being dissipated in the coils, and hence, producing no effect upon radiation. It will thus be seen that by this process the efiective height of the aerial may be increased to any extent, and is not limited as is the case of the antenna of Figure 4.
  • Figure 10 shows an arrangement similar to that of Figure 5, but combining the ideas disclosed in Figure 9 by utilizing the inductances to absorb the reversed portions of the currents.
  • the intermediate feeding as by a generator at G can, of course, be utilized for Figure 10 in the same manner as was the case for Figure 5.
  • Intermediate feeding in the case of Figure 10 results in increasing the efiective height of the antenna by one-half wavelength as compared to the arrangement of Figure 9, while at the same time utilizing the same number of coils in each vertical section as is used in the system of Figure 9.
  • Inductances of suitable values may be inserted in the horizontal strands of systems like those of Figures 3, 4 and 5, whereby the height of the aerial can bereduced below while maintaining the spacing at Figure 11 represents a modification consisting of an aerial arranged in the form of a loop antenna, but having the vertical and horizontal portions each dimensioned according to segments, each of a length it, which comprises applying to said antenna electrical waves of length A greater than 2h and less than 4h, whereby maximum radiation occurs at an angle inclined to said antenna plane.
  • the method of operating a radio system including adirectional antenna of sinuous form consisting of mutually perpendicular coplanar segments of lengths h and a: respectively, which comprises, applying to said antenna electrical waves 10 of length A less than 2(h+2:n) and greater than 2(h+a:), whereby maximum radiation occurs at an angle inclined to said antenna plane.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
US382203A 1928-08-27 1929-07-30 Antenna system Expired - Lifetime US1987780A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR673720T 1928-08-27
FR36236T 1928-09-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1987780A true US1987780A (en) 1935-01-15

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ID=26182667

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US382203A Expired - Lifetime US1987780A (en) 1928-08-27 1929-07-30 Antenna system

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US (1) US1987780A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE363886A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE518622C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (2) FR673720A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB318112A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2472106A (en) * 1943-09-20 1949-06-07 Sperry Corp Broad band antenna
US2780808A (en) * 1953-12-15 1957-02-05 Marvin P Middlemark High frequency antennas
US3140491A (en) * 1963-01-24 1964-07-07 Boeing Co Diffraction shield consisting of notched ring which frames passive reflector
US3805269A (en) * 1971-06-14 1974-04-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Diverse type dipole antennas on common mount
US6064347A (en) * 1997-12-29 2000-05-16 Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. Dual frequency, low profile antenna for low earth orbit satellite communications
US7250917B1 (en) 2004-01-14 2007-07-31 Thompson Louis H Directional wire antennas for radio frequency identification tag system
US9642620B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2017-05-09 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc Surgical cutting and stapling instruments with articulatable end effectors

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4335385A (en) * 1978-07-11 1982-06-15 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Stripline antennas

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2472106A (en) * 1943-09-20 1949-06-07 Sperry Corp Broad band antenna
US2780808A (en) * 1953-12-15 1957-02-05 Marvin P Middlemark High frequency antennas
US3140491A (en) * 1963-01-24 1964-07-07 Boeing Co Diffraction shield consisting of notched ring which frames passive reflector
US3805269A (en) * 1971-06-14 1974-04-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Diverse type dipole antennas on common mount
US6064347A (en) * 1997-12-29 2000-05-16 Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. Dual frequency, low profile antenna for low earth orbit satellite communications
US7250917B1 (en) 2004-01-14 2007-07-31 Thompson Louis H Directional wire antennas for radio frequency identification tag system
US9642620B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2017-05-09 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Llc Surgical cutting and stapling instruments with articulatable end effectors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE518622C (de) 1931-02-18
FR36236E (fr) 1930-04-30
BE363886A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB318112A (en) 1930-10-30
FR673720A (fr) 1930-01-18
GB319324A (en) 1930-11-13

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