US1985493A

US1985493A - Automatic or self-loading gun

Info

Publication number: US1985493A
Application number: US582372A
Authority: US
Inventors: Gebauer Ferenc; Kiraly Pal
Original assignee: Danuvia Ipari Es Kereskedelmi
Current assignee: "DANUVIA" IPARI ES KERESKEDELMI R T FIRM OF BUDAPEST
Priority date: 1930-12-23
Filing date: 1931-12-21
Publication date: 1934-12-25
Anticipated expiration: 1951-12-25
Also published as: NL37405C; DE537582C; BE384956A; CH160475A; GB393618A; FR728711A

Description

Dec. 25, 1934. F. GEBAUER El AL AUTOMATIC OR SELF LOADING GUN Filed D90. 21, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 I IIIIIIIIIIIIII Invni'ors Dec. 25, 1934 Y F. GEBAUER ET AL AUTOMATIC OR .SELF LOADING GUN Filed Dec. 21, 1951 f 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllinl WW 4 v 4+ Inventors:

31AM W Dec. 25, 1934. F. GEBAUER ET AL AUTOMATIC OR SELF LOADING GUN 3 Sheeiis-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 21, 1931 Invento7= Patented Dec. 25, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE assignors to "Danuvia Ipari es 83 Kereskedelmi R. T. firm of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary, a corporation of Hungary Y Application December 21, 1931, Serial No. 582,372 In Germany December 22, 1930 10 Claims.

This invention relates to automatic fire arms, in which the barrel, having a relatively short recoil and return movement, actuates the bolt directly, by means of a main lever. In automatic bolt mechanism of this description, whenever the recoil movement of the barrel must not exceed the usual length of 0.4 in. to 1 in. and the bolt mechanism must be adapted' for the use of modern high-power cartridges of a length of 3-4 inches, the required leverage becomes so very high that it often causes inconveniences and difficulties in the opening of the bolt.

The object of our invention is to improve the functioning of such bolt mechanism by employing the inevitable high leverage for the closing movement of the bolt only, whereas at its opening movement the high leverage does not come into play. Accordingly, according to our invention the moving barrel, although it effects directly the unlocking and opening of the bolt, does so on a long lever arm, i. e., at a low ratio of leverage, whereas it performs the closing movement of the barrel forcibly, with the full high-leverage.

Several forms of embodiment of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Referring briefly to the drawings:

Figs. 1 and 2 are longitudinal sections of one form of embodiment of the invention, with bolt closed and open, respectively.

Figs. 3 and 4 are longitudinal sections of the same mechanism, but provided with a lever for forcibly loosening the spent shell.

Fig. 5 is a similar view of another.

Figs. 6 and 7 of a third. 7

Figs. 8 and 9 of a fourth and Fig. 10 of a fifth form of embodiment of the invention.

Figs. 11 and 12 are longitudinal and horizontal sections, respectively, of a sixth form of embodiment of the invention.

The barrel 1 (Fig. 1) is slidably mounted in the receiver 30 for a short recoil and return movement. An extension 2 of the barrel 1 runs below the bolt 3, and is preferably longer than the latter. The rearmost end of the barrel extension 2 is loosely connected to a lever 4, pivotally mounted in a lower part of the receiver 30. The locking of the bolt 3 to the barrel 1 or the barrelextension 2 may be arranged in any usual manner. In the accompanying drawings a typical locking latch 7 is shown, which may be held in its locking position by the spring 8. During the recoil of the moving parts the head of the locking latch '7 glides on the cam surface 31 of the receiver 30 and thus unlocks the bolt. A spring 10 continually presses the barrel 1 forward by means of its extension 2. The rounded head of the main-lever 4 engages the rear end of the bolt 3. A latch 5 is pivotally mounted in the receiver 30, and is actuated by a spring 6.

The lever 4 is swung by the extension 2 of the recoiling barrel 1 into its rearmost position (Fig. 2) During this motion the lever 4 does not affect the bolt 3. When the barrel 1 and its extension 2 reach their rearmost position, the hook of the latch 5 is pressed by thespring 6 into a corresponding notch of the barrel-extension 2 and so prevents forward movement of the barrel. In the meantime the bolt 3 has been unlocked owing to the cam surface 31 lifting the locking latch 7 from the locking notch of the bolt 3. The barrel, in the first phase of its recoil movement, imparts a rearward impulse to the bolt 3, whereby the latter continues its rearward travel freely, without having to overcome the resistance of a recoil spring. During this movement of the bolt the spent shell is ejected by one of the usual methods. Subsequently the bolt 3 reaches its rearmost position and in the last phase of its movement acts against the upper arm of the latch 5, thereby withdrawing its hook from the notch of the barrel-extension 2. Thereby the barrel spring 10 is allowed to expand and pushes the barrel 1 and its extension 2 into their foremost position. During and. by this movement the main lever 4 is also swung forward and its head pushes the bolt 3 into its foremost, closed position (Fig. 1), as the head of the main lever 4 travels a path which is, in proportion to the leverage, longer than the path of travel of the barrel, the bolt 3 is perfectly pushed home, into its closed position, by the main lever 4.

Whenever it is desired to forcibly loosen the spent shell and so insure a perfect opening of the bolt, a separate lever 9 may be employed (Fig. 3) in the usual manner. During the first part of the recoil movement of the barrel the lower arm of the lever 9 hits an abutment 9, is swung backward, so that its upper arm loosens the bolt 3 and throws it backward, as shown in Fig. 4.

In some cases it may be found convenient not to attach the barrel-extension 2 in the above described manner to the main lever 4. Then the main lever 4 (Fig. 5) is provided with a lateral projection or lug 13 which remains in contact with the rearmost end of the barrel-extension 2 during the rearward travel of the barrel. The barrel spring 10 works on the barrel-extension 2 somewhere on its fore part and does not affect the main lever 4 directly. The latter is two armed in this form of embodiment: its short, lower arm is connected to a spring 17, attached at its other end to the receiver wall and tending to swing the long arm of the main lever 4 into its foremost position. During the recoil movement of the barrel its extension 2 pushes the upper arm of the main lever 4 backwards, into its position shown in dotted lines. The proper opening of the bolt occurs in exactly the same way as with the previously described types of embodiment. The main lever 4 is caught in its rearmost position by a latch 5 held in the correct position by its own spring 6 and engaging a projection 22 of the main lever 4. Having performed its recoil movement, the barrel 1 is pushed forward by its spring 10. During this forward movement of the barrel a bead 19 of the barrelextension 2 depresses the fore-arm 18 of a two armed lever, which is pivotally mounted in the receiver at one side of the main lever. Thereby the rear arm 20 of this lever is lifted and forces the latch 5 out of engagement with the projection 22 of the main lever 4. The latter is thus released and is swung forward by its own spring 17, thereby pushing the bolt 3 forward into its closed position.

The disengagement of the latch could in this instance also be effected by the bolt itself, if the latch 5 were provided with an upper arm, projecting into the path of the bolt 3. Thus the

parts

18, 19, 20 would be eliminated.

The loosening of the unlocked bolt can well be effected by the main lever 4 itself. This result can be achieved by connecting the main lever 4.

to the bolt 3 as shown in Fig. 6, by means of a slidable pin or other similar connecting means. In this form of embodiment the recoil movement of the barrel first unlocks the bolt, then a" shoulder 11 of the barrel-extension 2 delivers a-blow to the lateral projection 13 of the main lever 4,

thereby loosening the bolt and increasing its rearward impulse. The lateral projection 13 of the main lever 4 is at about the center of its length. Accordingly, the forcible movement of the bolt is but a fraction of its total rearward movement. The position of the main lever 4 at the end of the recoil of the barrel or at the end of the forcible movement of the bolt is shown in full lines in Fig. '7. At this point the latch 5 catches the barrel-extension 2, whereas the main lever 4, together with the bolt 3, continues its rearward movement, owing to its momentum, until it reaches its rearmost position shown in dotted linesin Fig. 7. The recoiling bolt 3 then hits the upper arm of the latch 5 and so releases the barrel-extension 2, whereupon the barrel 1, under the pressure of its spring 10 returns to its foremost position. At this moment a nose 12 of the barrel-ext ension 2 engages another lateral projection or lug 14 on the main lever 4, placed at a short distance from its fulcrum, so that the short forward movement of the barrel is suflicient to pull the main lever 4, and with it the bolt 3, into its foremost, closed, position.

In another type of embodiment (Fig. 8) the rear-end of the barrel-extension is a separate part, having a head 12, a nose 15 and'a tooth 24 and being controlled by its own spring 16. The extension 2 of the recoiling barrel 1 simultaneously touches and forces backward the lateral projection 13 of the main lever 4, and the nose 15, thereby compressing the spring 16 until the tooth 24 is en aged by'the latch 5 so that the spring 18 is kept in its compressed state (Fig. 9). In the meantime the barrel returns, under the pressure of its spring 10, into its foremost position. During this period the main lever 4 and the bolt 3, connected to it by means of a sliding joint or similar connecting means, reach their rearmost position in which, in this instance, the bolt 3 hits the upper arm of the latch 5, releasing the head 24 and allowing the spring 16 to expand, whereupon the head 12 swings the main lever 4 into its foremost position, i. e., closes the bolt.

The releasing of the spring 16 could equally well be effected by the barrel-extension 2, as, for' instance, shown in Fig. 5.

In another type of embodiment (Fig. 10) the main lever 4 is pivotally mounted on the barrelextension 2. The recoil movement of the barrel, in this instance, does not affect the main lever 4, but the latter will be swung into its rearmost position by the bolt 3, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 10. Latching and releasing of the barrelextension 2 is here, like in the first described type of the mechanism, directly controlled by the bolt 3. The main lever 4 is two-armed. Its lower, short arm 41 hits a stop of the receiver 30 only on the forward movement of the barrel. which movement thus causes a forward swing of the upper arm of the main lever 4, i. e., the closing of the bolt.

A separate loosening-lever such as shown at 9 in Fig. 3 may, be provided in this form of embodiment, too, if required.

I In some cases it may be desirable to design the bolt-mechanism as short as possible. In such cases the main lever 4 will preferably not engage the rear end of the bolt 3, but some other part of it nearer to its front end.

In such a case the main lever 4, and also the lower horizontal part of the barrel-extension '2, must be arranged laterally, in order to provide space for the magazine 43, as shown in Fig. 12. The main lever 4 is connected to the bolt 3 by means of a connecting link 42. The pivot of the main lever 4 is placed behind the magazine 43, and seated in both side-walls of the receiver 30. The main lever 4 is thus very exactly guided and consequently its body may-have the form of a thin blade.

In some of the previously described embodiments of the invention, especially those shown in Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11, the main lever may be connected to some kind of straight-pull bolt of known construction. The main lever 4 in these types is partly swung back by the barrel 1 in a forcible manner, which movement may very easily be used for unlocking and thrusting back a breech bolt of the straight-pull type. In such case, the main lever 4 simultaneously acts also as a loosening-lever.

Within certain limits of construction and of functioning the characteristics of the invention may be altered or varied without departing from its essential features.

Thus, for instance, the barrel-extension 2 may, in any of the above described embodiments, operate the main lever 4 by means of abutments or stops or joints. Or, the main lever 4 may be arranged behind, or in front or on one side of the bolt, etc. In the types shown in Figs. 8 and 9. the head 12 actuated by the main-spring 16 may operate the main lever 4 on the rack and pinion principle, if the main lever 4 is provided with a toothed segment, adapted to freely rotate backward.

1. An automatic firearm comprising a barrel with a comparatively short recoil movement, a bolt, a main lever unafiected by the opening of the bolt and acting on the same only during its closing, a return spring, means for applying the total amount of the recoil energy to the compressing of said return spring and a pivoted latch adapted to keep the spring compressed until the bolt has completed its free recoil movement.

2. Automatic fire arm comprising a stationary receiver, a barrel having a comparatively short recoil movement relative to the receiver, a rigidly locked bolt for said barrel, a closing spring, an extension on said barrel adapted to compress said closing spring during the recoil movement of said barrel, a latch mounted in said stationary receiver, adapted to hold the closing spring in its cocked position, an arm on said latch adapted to be actuated by one of the moving parts when the bolt has reached a rearward position, to release the closing spring, and a main lever adapted to act on the bolt so as to forcibly close the same on expansion of the closing spring.

3. In an automatic fire arm of the character described in claim 2, a stationary receiver, a twoarmed latch mounted therein, a spring controlling said latch, a closing spring adapted to be seized and held in a cocked position by one arm of said latch, and a bolt into the pathway of which the other arm of said latch projects so as to be deplaced thereby towards the end of its recoil movement, thus forcing the other arm of said latch to release the closing spring.

4. In an automatic fire arm of the character described in claim 2, a stationary receiver, a barrel, an extension on said barrel, a bolt, and a main lever mounted in the stationary receiver, the body of said main lever having a loose joint with the barrel extension by having its end bear on the rear portion of the bolt, adapted to drive the bolt forward into its closed position during the return movement of the barrel.

5. In an automatic fire arm of the character described in claim 2, a stationary receiver, a barrel, an extension on said barrel, a bolt, a main lever mounted in the stationary receiver, a lug carried by said main lever and a tooth on the barrel extension adapted to act on said lug during the forward movement of said main lever, the head of said main lever being in sliding and pivotal engagement with the bolt.

6. Automatic fire arm of the character described in claim 2, comprising a stationary receiver, a barrel, an extension on said barrel, a belt, a main lever, a connecting rod between said lever and said bolt, and a magazine, the lower part of said barrel extension, the body of said main lever and the said connecting rod all being arranged on one side of the magazine, and the main lever being pivotally mounted behind the magazine in the two sides of the stationary receiver.

'1. In an automatic fire arm of the character described in claim 2, a barrel, a separate head member, a closing spring constantly holding said head member under compression, a tooth carried by said head member, a latch adapted to engage said tooth at the end of the recoil movement of said barrel, and an extension on said barrel adapted to force said tooth into engagement with said latch.

8. Automatic fire arm of the character described in claim 2, comprising a barrel, an extension on said barrel, a main lever having a longer and a shorter arm pivotally mounted on said barrel extension, a bolt having its rear end in contact with the longer arm of said lever, a stationary receiver,

and an abutment in said stationary receiver adapted to be hit by the shorter arm of said lever during the forward movement of said barrel extension, thus causing a forward swing of the said main lever and closing the bolt.

9. Automatic fire arm of the character described in claim 2, comprising a barrel, an extension on 'said barrel, a stationary receiver, a main lever pivotally mounted therein, a bolt having its rear end in contact with the head of said lever, a. lug provided on the body of said lever in contact with the rear of said barrel extension, a tooth on said main lever, a two-armed, spring controlled latch pivotally mounted in said stationary receiver, adapted to engage said tooth in the rearmost position of said main lever, a separate closing spring controlling the shorter arm of said main lever and constantly tending to swing the same forward, another return spring adapted to move the barrel and its extension forward by its pressure, independently of the bolt and the main lever, and means for releasing said latch by the forward movement of said barrel extension.

10. Automatic fire arm of the character described in claim 2, comprising a main lever, a barrel, an extension on said barrel, a bolt, and a lug on the body of said main lever, at about its middle, adapted to be actuated by the recoiling barrel extension after the unlocking of the bolt, so as to use the lever not only for closing, but also as accelerator for the opening of the bolt.

FERENC GEBAUER. PAL KIRALY.