US1979419A

US1979419A - Leveling bar

Info

Publication number: US1979419A
Application number: US520169A
Authority: US
Inventors: Still Carl
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1930-03-08
Filing date: 1931-03-04
Publication date: 1934-11-06
Anticipated expiration: 1951-11-06

Description

Nov. 6, 1934. c. STILL 1,979,419

LEVELING BAR Filed March 4, 1931 v 3 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 6, 1934. c. STILL 1,979,419

LEVELING BAR Filed March 4, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Nov. 6, 1934. c. STILL 1,979,419

LEVELING BAR Filed March 4, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Ii ,1 flie 31 Patented Nov. 6, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT ornca In Germany 2 Claims.

The object of the invention is to compress in chamber ovens for coal distillation the charge of coal, which is inserted in the loose state from above, by means which exert a compression effect extending over the whole mass of coal and more particularly throughout thewhole depth of the charge. 1

In order to explain the invention, an embodiment of the latter, as applied to horizontal coke ovens-is represented as an example in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figs. 1 and 2 are vertical longitudinal sections of the same oven chamber taken on the line I-I of Fig. 3, which show two different devices to be used in sequence for carrying out the compression process,

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section on the line III-III of Figs. 1 and 2,

Fig. 4 is a detail vertical longitudinal section on an enlarged scale.

The oven chamber 1 is closed on the ram side by the door 2 having therein leveling opening 3, and on the coke ramp side by the door 4 having therein leveling opening 5. The oven roof 6 f the chamber is provided in the usual manner with five charging openings 7 and an opening 8 for leading away the gases, connected to an ascension pipe 9 which leads through a valve '19 to the usual gas and tar main 1.0. A charging car 42, of which only the outline is indicated diagrammatically, is adapted to travel over the roof and is provided with a discharge outlet 43 for each charging opening 7. 1

Between the charging openings 7 and the gas ofitake opening 8 in the roof there is a number of narrower openings ll uniformly distributed in the roof.v These openings 11 can be closed by covers 12 and. are all provided with tubes :13 connect'ed to a pipe 14 for leading away the gases,

provided separately for each oven chamber and disposed within the oven roof 6; this pipe is preferably also connected, through a closing and controlling valve 22, with a separate main or collecting pipe 15 common to the whole oven battery.

A leveling rod 16 can be inserted through the above-mentioned openings 3 and 5 of the doors 2 and 4 (Fig.1) and is supported in a manner, which forms a feature of the invention, at both of its projecting ends so that it cannot. deviate in any direction. This support is provided on the machine side of the oven by two rollers 17, 18 on a bearing block secured to the frame 35 (only indicated diagramatically) of the leveling machine. On the opposite side the leveling rod is supported by two similar rollers 20, 21 the bear- March 8, 1930 ing block of which issecured to the door lifting device 32 (also only diagrammatically indicated).

The leveling rod 16 consists of two fiat iron cheeks 23 placed edgewise (Fig. 3) connected together by transverse irons 24 (Fig. 1). Between the latter, cylindrical rollers. 25 are arranged to rotate on pins 26 (Figs. 1 and 4) preferably with the. use ofroller bearings 2'7. Each of these rollers 25 is surrounded by a hood-shaped member 28 which also connects the cheeks 23 of the leveling rod 16; each of the vertical side walls 29 of the member 28 carries a sheet iron plate 30 secured by screws 31. This method of fastening permits a certain amount of vertical displacement of the plates 30 on the walls 29 and allows the plates 30 to. be used as scrapers, the effective height of which can be adjusted to the mass of coal to be rolled down at any time, as further explained later. A horizontal reciprocating movement of the kind usual with leveling rods is imparted to the rod 16 by the leveling machine through gearing of the usual type (not shown).

Fig. 2 shows the additional compressing means according to the invention. It consists of vertical, cylindrical or prismatic rods 38, preferably point- .edat the bottom, which, for example, may be made of wrought iron, and can be rammed into the charged mass of coal through the openings 11 in the roof and, if required, also through the charging openings '7. Each rod 38 may be suspended by a chain 40 from the lifting gear of a travelling crane (not shown), which can lower or raise simultaneously all the rods of the whole row distributed over the length of the chamber. The weight of the rods is sufficient to enable them .to act as rams or pile drivers and also ensures their correct vertical position.

The process of the invention is carried out by means of the described apparatus as follows:- The oven chamber which is closed on both sides by the doors 2 and 4 is charged from the car 42 through the openings 7 in the roof 6 with loose -coal in the ordinary manner. When the main part of the mass of coal has been charged, the leveling rod 1.6 is inserted by the machine 35 through the opening 3 of the door 2 into the oven chamber so that its front end passes the opening 5 of the other door 4 and is moved backwards and forwards in order at first to distribute the portions of coal which are piled up below and in the openings 7. As soon as a coarse distribution has been effected, the rolling down of the upper layer of coal is commenced as shown in Fig. 4, wherein it is assumed that the rod is moving to the right in the direction of the arrow 2:.

The coal between the

side walls

29, 30 of two adjacent members 28 forms irregular heaps 33 which are displaced to and fro with the rod. The scraper 30, of which the effective height is adjustable, as the rod moves produces a horizontal surface 34 in the coal of which the vertical distance y from the lowest point of the roller 25 is definitely determined. but can be varied, as required, by adjusting the height of the scrapers 30. The layer of coal corresponding to the distance y is rolled down as the rod moves to the right. Simultaneously with this movement which produces, on the left of the roller, the horizontal surface 36, the coal of the heap 33 on the left hand is caused to trickle down on the said surface 36, which enables the succeeding movement of the rod 16 and of the rollers 25'to the left, to repeat the same process of rolling down a new layer of coal of predetermined height.

The horizontal path of the rod 16 in its reciprocating movement must obviously be suflicient to ensure that the operating ranges of the rollers 25 overlap. The whole mass of coal 33, heaped up between the successive rollers 25, is gradually worked down by this operation of the rod 16 and rollers 25 and the upper part of the charge coal in the oven chamber 1 is tightly and permanently compressed, so that, finally, the charge 37 is bounded by a flat and well compacted surface 36 (see Fig. 2). Since this compression is effected in a large number of successive steps, of which each includes only a relatively small mass and a single layer of coal, the compression effect is transmitted vertically downwards to a considerable depth.

In order to obtain the described effect it is essential that the rod 16 should be accurately guided in the vertical direction by the pairs of rollers 17, 18 and 20, 21, which ensures that the rod is not displaced either downwards or upwards. Only in this way is it ensured that exactly and equally proportioned layers of coal are rolled down successively and thereby a satisfactory compression of the mass of coal is obtained.

Unless the rod 16 is carefully guided, at least at its two ends, fluctuations of level, especially in the case of horizontal chamber ovens with their considerable horizontal extension in the longitudinal direction, would occur mainly at the front free end of the leveling rod, due either to sagging downwards or to an upward displacement caused by the resistance offered by the mass of coal. A uniformly rolled down surface could not, under such circumstances, be obtained, mainly since, on account of the limited space in the oven chamber, only pressure rollers 'of restricted diameter can be employed. Also, the

use of the adjustable scrapers 30, placed before and behind each roller 25, is an essential condition for obtaining the required result. Without this device, the rollers 25 would act substantially as the rigid transverse connections 24, that is,

.both would similarly displace only the mass of whole mass of the charge of coal 37 by the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, the operation of which is described in the following:-

The rods 38, pointed at the bottom, which act as ramming or pile driving rods, are introduced and afterwards withdrawn vertically through the openings 11 in the roof (and possibly also through the five charging openings 7) A large number of uniformly distributed ducts 39 is thereby produced in the charge of coal 37. The rods 38 act at first to exert a lateral compression on the mass of coal, which, being held by the side walls and doors of the chamber, cannot yield, as a whole, laterally. It is also essential that the surface of the coal should, by the previously effected compression, oppose considerable resistance to displacement of the coal by the rods (that is, that it should not yield upwardly). The vertical insertion of the rods 38 not only displaces, but also to a certain amount packs, the coal. The latter action can be increased if the rods 38, during or after their insertion, or possibly also in both conditions, are shaken or oscillated either in the horizontal or vertical direction. This can be eifected, for example, if the upper ends of the rods 38, while suspended on the chains 40, were slightly oscillated or vibrated by being repeatedly struck on the side. These vibrations of the rods 38 are transmitted to the parts of the coal surrounding them and cause the whole mass of coal to sag and thereby to be packed.

This combined treatment as described, first by the leveling and compressing rod 16 and secondly by the insertion of the vertical rods 38, effects a permanent compression throughout the whole mass of the coal 37. It is essential that the leveling rod 16 should exert in any case, besides the leveling action, sufficient compressing action on the upper part of the coal.

The compression obtained by the described combination of different means and methods of operation can be still further strengthened and improved by the following: After the processes described have been effected and the rods 38 have been removed, the leveling rod 16 can be again introduced and set in operation, preferably with the addition of small quantities of fresh coal charged through the openings 7 in the roof. The surface 37 of the coal is again rolled down and at the same time the coal enters into and closes the ducts 39 which have been formed.

The process might then be concluded. However, since in the manner last described a com- I pletely closed mass of coal 37 without any internal ducts has beenproduced, at this stage the rods 38 can be again inserted and ducts 39 formed, or the combined action of the leveling rod 16 and the rods 38 can be repeated, with the advantage that a considerable further compression is imparted to the charge 37. In this way, degrees of compression can be produced which are as great as or even still greater than those obtained with the usual stamped coal cakes.

The positioning of each of the openings 11 in the roof and each of the ducts 39 produced by the rods 38in the same vertical axis as shown in Fig. 2 enables, as a further improvement, the following arrangement for leading the gaseous products of distillation from the interior of the mass of coal 37: Pipes 41 for the said purpose of leading away the gases (see Fig. 2 on the right) are inserted from above, for example, in all the openings 11 in the roof, so that their upper end, which is formed into a conical flange and provided with 'a packing, lies tightly against a corresponding formation of the opening 11, and their lower end projects a certain amount further into the duct 39 and is jammed in the coal 37 so as to form with it a sufficiently tight closure. This is made possible by the firm structure of the coal surface due to the compression. If the covers 12 are now placed on all the openings 11, the distillation gases can be drawn off from the interior of the mass of coal 37 by the pipes 14 into the mains or collecting pipes 15, to which all the pipes 14 of the different ovens are connected.

The ducts 39 and pipes 41 can in this case either serve exclusively for drawing off all the volatile products of distillation, or, if, as previously de scribed, the usual outlet opening 8 in the oven roof 6 is provided, one portion of the distillation gases can be led, at least temporarily, through this outlet and another portion through the pipes 41, since the valves 19 and 22 enable each of the two mains 10 and 15 to be put in or out of operation as required.

The invention is not restricted to horizontal chamber ovens, as assumed in the example described and shown in the drawings, but can also be used with vertical chamber ovens. In this case, obviously, the oven chamber 1 is bounded by corresponding vertical walls instead of by the two side doors 2 and 4, and, instead of the openings 3 and 5 in the side doors, corresponding openings must be provided in these front walls. The other above described devices and means remain in every case unaltered for all kinds of chamber ovens for the distillation of coal.

What I claim is:-

1. A leveling bar for a coke oven having rollers mounted for rotation on their axes in spaced relation to each other on and along said bar and having their axes substantially parallel to each other and transverse to said bar for compressing a charge within a coking chamber, scrapers mounted on said bar on opposite sides of each of said rollers and having scraper edges substantially parallel with the axes of said rollers, said scrapers being adjustable transversely to said bar and transversely to the axes of said rollers.

2. The apparatus described in claim 1 having a hood for each of said rollers mounted on said bar and partially embracing the roller from one and the same side of the bar, and in which said scrapers are mounted on said hoods.

CARL STILL.