US1974971A - Method of treating alloys - Google Patents
Method of treating alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1974971A US1974971A US615029A US61502932A US1974971A US 1974971 A US1974971 A US 1974971A US 615029 A US615029 A US 615029A US 61502932 A US61502932 A US 61502932A US 1974971 A US1974971 A US 1974971A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- per cent
- molten
- alloy
- alloys
- silicon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 37
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
Definitions
- Patented Sept. 25, 1934 UNITED STA This invention relates'to aluminum by which is meant inrau'r OFFICE METHOD or 'rnca'rme armors Alailal' P801, Cleveland, Ohio,-
- base alloys alloys containing more than 50 per cent of aluminum, which contain large amounts of silicon,
- Aluminum-silicon alloys containing 16 per cent or more of silicon have not heretofore possessed the combination of high hardness at a.
- the object of the present invention is to provide means by which an alloy having the above combination of properties may be made. Another object of the invention is to produce alloys of such characteristics which may be readily used for commercial purposes.
- an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium, rubidium, or caesium, or a salt or salts of alkali metals which will in contact with the molten aluminum produce an alkali metal.
- the amount of alkali metal introduced into the melt by the (39 treatment may vary from 0.05 to as high as 1 per cent.
- the molten alloy having been thus treated, is then cast into a permanent mold, i. e., into a mold, usually made of iron or steel, the walls of which afford means of conducting the heat rapidly. from the molten metal poured therein.
- the molten alloy was then covered with a flux composed of 5 parts of calcium fluoride, 6.5 parts of sodium carbonate, and 3 parts of a mixture of 60 per cent sodium chloride and 40 per cent potassium chloride. The proportion of this mixture amounted to about 1.5 per cent of the weight of the treated alloy.
- metallic sodium in amount of about 0.15 per cent by weight of the total melt was introduced into the molten alloy.
- the alloy was then cast into an iron mold and the resultant casting was heated for 24 hours at 150.centigrade.
- the thus treated casting had a hardness of 150 Brinell at. room temperature and 140 Brinell at centigrade.
- the alloy had a strength of 37,500 pounds per square inch and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the alloy was below 19 x 10* per. degree centigrade.
- the cast- 0 ing had excellent machining characteristics and was characterized by an absence -of primary silicon crystals.
- a method of producing castings of high hardness and low thermal expansivity by adding to a molten aluminum base alloy containing 16 to 25 per cent of silicon, 0.1 to 3 per cent of nickel, 0.1 to 1.25 per cent of magnesium, and 0.1 to 1.75 per cent of copper, a metal of the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium, and thereafter casting the molten alloy in a permanent mold.
- a method of producing castings of high hardness and low thermal expansivity by adding to a molten aluminum base alloy containing 16 to 25 per cent of silicon, 0.1 to 3 per cent of nickel, 0.1 to 1.25 per cent of magnesium, and 0.1 to 1.75 per cent of copper, a metal of the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium, casting the molten alloy in a permanent mold and thereafter heating the resultant casting at a temperature of 100 to 150 centigrade for at least 4 hours.
- a method of producing castings of high hardness and low thermal expansivity by covering a molten aluminum base alloy containing 16 to 25 per cent of silicon, 0.1 to 3 per cent of nickel, 0.1 to 1.25 per cent of magnesium, and 0.1 to 1.75 per cent 01 copper with a molten salt flux, adding to the thus covered molten alloy a metal of the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium, and thereafter casting the molten -alloy in a permanent mold.
- a method 01' producing castings of high hardness and low thermal expansivity by covering a. molten aluminum base alloy containing 16 to 25 per cent of silicon, 0.1 to 3 per cent of nickel, 0.1 to 1.25 per cent of magnesium, and 0.1 to 1.75 per cent of copper with a molten salt flux, adding to the thus covered molten alloy a metal of the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium, casting the molten alloy in a permanent mold and heating the casting thus produced at a temperature of about 100 to 150 centigrade for at least 4 hours.
Description
Patented Sept. 25, 1934 UNITED STA This invention relates'to aluminum by which is meant inrau'r OFFICE METHOD or 'rnca'rme armors Alailal' P801, Cleveland, Ohio,-
Company of America, a corporation of Pennsylvania Application z,- 1932, Seria1 m cerman o ne a, 1931,
No Drawing? assignor .to Alu- Pittsburgh, Pa.,
base alloys, alloys containing more than 50 per cent of aluminum, which contain large amounts of silicon,
and to treatments by which 5 alloys of this nature may be improvedfor the purposes for which theyare used.
Aluminum base alloys containing silicon in" large amounts, thatis, in amounts of 16 per cent or above, are useful because of their lowheat expansivity. Particularly are they useful as a mafrom which pistons and other machined terial parts which are submitted to movement at high temperature can be made.
Such alloys, however,
have not heretofore met all of the requirements which such commercial uses demand, and because of the large amount of silicon present in such alloys, such amount being above the eutectic composition, machining difliculties are greatly increased. Aluminum-silicon alloys containing 16 per cent or more of silicon have not heretofore possessed the combination of high hardness at a.
high temperature and low heat expansivity with good machining properties and good strength.
The object of the present invention is to provide means by which an alloy having the above combination of properties may be made. Another object of the invention is to produce alloys of such characteristics which may be readily used for commercial purposes.
Other objects of the invention will appear in the following description thereof.
I have discovered that if an'aluminum' base alloy containing about 16 to 25 percent of silicon,- about 0.1
to 3 per cent of nickel,.about 01 to 1.25 per cent of magnesium, and about 0.1 to 1.75 per cent of copper, preferablyabout 0.1 to
1 per cent of copper, is treated in the molten condition by the addition thereto of certain modifyi%;elements and is thereafter cast in permanent molds, the casting thus markable combination of high hardness at produced has a rehigh temperature, low thermal expansivity, good machining properties and good strength.
Because of the fact that these alloys have a silicon content above the eutectic composition, large amounts of primary silicon crystals separate in the alloys manner. ing treatment tion of these I have it is possible to prevent the separawhen they are cast in the usual found that by a specialmodifyprimary silicon crystals. I have likewise found that the treatment which produces this effect also induces in the alloy the novel properties above mentioned. In treating the alloys in accordancewith my invention,
in the molten I place them condition and add to'the melt an amount of an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium, rubidium, or caesium, or a salt or salts of alkali metals which will in contact with the molten aluminum produce an alkali metal. The amount of alkali metal introduced into the melt by the (39 treatment may vary from 0.05 to as high as 1 per cent. When larger amounts than about 0.1 per cent by weight of an alkali metal, such as sodium, are to be added, I prefer to first cover the molten alloy with a molten salt mixture since I have found that the desired effect is more readily obtained by the use of a molten salt covering on, the alloys above described.
The molten alloy, having been thus treated, is then cast into a permanent mold, i. e., into a mold, usually made of iron or steel, the walls of which afford means of conducting the heat rapidly. from the molten metal poured therein.
The casting having been made in this manner, I then heat the casting, in the preferred practice of my invention, between about 100 and 150 centigrade, since I have found that by this heating, the hardness, strength and machining characteristics of this alloy are distinctly improved. While it is not necessary, in order to obtain the advantages above noted, to practice this heating step, I have found it very desirable to so do, and when such heating is practiced I have found it necessary to heat the alloys for at least 4 hours and as much as 24 hours'in order to produce an alloy having the desired combination of high hardness and strength, good machining characteristics and low thermal expansivity. i I
As an example of the practice of my invention, an aluminum base alloy containing 20 per cent silicon, 3 per cent nickel, 0.8 per cent magnesium, and 1 percent copper, together with the usual iron impurities, was melted. The molten alloy was then covered with a flux composed of 5 parts of calcium fluoride, 6.5 parts of sodium carbonate, and 3 parts of a mixture of 60 per cent sodium chloride and 40 per cent potassium chloride. The proportion of this mixture amounted to about 1.5 per cent of the weight of the treated alloy. After this flux was melted, metallic sodium in amount of about 0.15 per cent by weight of the total melt was introduced into the molten alloy. The alloy was then cast into an iron mold and the resultant casting was heated for 24 hours at 150.centigrade. The thus treated casting had a hardness of 150 Brinell at. room temperature and 140 Brinell at centigrade. The alloy had a strength of 37,500 pounds per square inch and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the alloy was below 19 x 10* per. degree centigrade. The cast- 0 ing had excellent machining characteristics and was characterized by an absence -of primary silicon crystals.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. A method of producing castings of high hardness and low thermal expansivity by adding to a molten aluminum base alloy containing 16 to 25 per cent of silicon, 0.1 to 3 per cent of nickel, 0.1 to 1.25 per cent of magnesium, and 0.1 to 1.75 per cent of copper, a metal of the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium, and thereafter casting the molten alloy in a permanent mold.
2. A method of producing castings of high hardness and low thermal expansivity by adding to a molten aluminum base alloy containing 16 to 25 per cent of silicon, 0.1 to 3 per cent of nickel, 0.1 to 1.25 per cent of magnesium, and 0.1 to 1.75 per cent of copper, a metal of the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium, casting the molten alloy in a permanent mold and thereafter heating the resultant casting at a temperature of 100 to 150 centigrade for at least 4 hours.
3. A method of producing castings of high hardness and low thermal expansivity by covering a molten aluminum base alloy containing 16 to 25 per cent of silicon, 0.1 to 3 per cent of nickel, 0.1 to 1.25 per cent of magnesium, and 0.1 to 1.75 per cent 01 copper with a molten salt flux, adding to the thus covered molten alloy a metal of the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium, and thereafter casting the molten -alloy in a permanent mold.
4. A method 01' producing castings of high hardness and low thermal expansivity by covering a. molten aluminum base alloy containing 16 to 25 per cent of silicon, 0.1 to 3 per cent of nickel, 0.1 to 1.25 per cent of magnesium, and 0.1 to 1.75 per cent of copper with a molten salt flux, adding to the thus covered molten alloy a metal of the group consisting of sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium, casting the molten alloy in a permanent mold and heating the casting thus produced at a temperature of about 100 to 150 centigrade for at least 4 hours.
ALADAR PACZ.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1974971X | 1931-06-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1974971A true US1974971A (en) | 1934-09-25 |
Family
ID=7848226
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US615029A Expired - Lifetime US1974971A (en) | 1931-06-19 | 1932-06-02 | Method of treating alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1974971A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2763546A (en) * | 1951-10-06 | 1956-09-18 | Gen Motors Corp | Aluminum base bearing |
| US2766116A (en) * | 1951-10-06 | 1956-10-09 | Gen Motors Corp | Aluminum base bearing |
| US3856583A (en) * | 1972-01-20 | 1974-12-24 | Ethyl Corp | Method of increasing hardness of aluminum-silicon composite |
-
1932
- 1932-06-02 US US615029A patent/US1974971A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2763546A (en) * | 1951-10-06 | 1956-09-18 | Gen Motors Corp | Aluminum base bearing |
| US2766116A (en) * | 1951-10-06 | 1956-10-09 | Gen Motors Corp | Aluminum base bearing |
| US3856583A (en) * | 1972-01-20 | 1974-12-24 | Ethyl Corp | Method of increasing hardness of aluminum-silicon composite |
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