US1974530A - Electromagnetic pipe organ actions - Google Patents

Description

' Sept.v 25, 1934.

v. RBRowN EUESTROMANTICIPE ORGAN ACTIONS Filed May q. 1932 2 sneeissneet 1 ....Illlrll, ll'lxlln INVENTOR. Ilse/wf @by Beaw/V BY fam 5% I ATTORNEY.

Sept. 25, 1934. v. R. BROWN 1,974,530

' ELECTROMAGNETIC PIPE ORGAN ACTIONS Filed Mau,1 9, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 NVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Sept. 25, 1934 UNIT?? STA TE?. PTFNT OFF??? ELECTROMAGNETIC` PIPE ORGAN ACTIONS VernievRoylBrown,SteLouisf-Mo.,assgnor to Geo. Kilgen & Son, Inc., St. Louis, Mo., a. corporationfof Missouri My invention relates to improvements in elec; tromagnetic pipe organ actions. The 'main object of" my invention isl toiprovide an electromagnetically operate'd'device of greatly improved form particularly adapted for use in opening' and closing "the lvali/"es "of a' 'pipeio'rgan or in the construction of the mechanical and tonal elements of a pipeorgan, 'but' yapplicable as well to all otheruses vice of its nature. j i Another and important object is toprovidean electromagnetically operateddevice of this kind employinga novel 'and ef'cient spring suspension H for themovable'elementirarmature in' which a helically 'wound 'ltorsio'na'l coil -spring' performs vboth the function of hingedlys'upporting the ar- 4mature and returningth'e same to its normal posi` tion after eachmovementandin whichthe spring itself lies in' a positionoutof the magneticicircuit and so is not subject' to the usual crystallization and breakage as would be encountered 'werethe springv lying in their'n'agnetic circuit. i

'Another object is toprovidei'an electrrnagnetic`v f device of this'ki'ndoperat'ing' equally well on either alternating or vdirect 1currentl andso'A eliminating the.. necessity' for' generators, jconverters o'r -rec`" tiiier's toprovide direct'curr'ent where only alter# f humming caused by'fthe 'alternating cu'rrentl* j Another object 'isto' provide adevice of'this" nating current is commercially available; this use of alternating curent'being rn'adepossibleby'the spring suspension 'of "the armature` 'asciaforesaid A together with a particularly efici'ent formiof elecl trom'agnet includinga laminated Vcorefor mini-'- mizing eddyjcurrentsf and' a means Ifor reducing and rendering'harmless the' usualfluttering and Vkind including a novel "andtie'icient supporting bracket 'for the 'electromagxiet andY armature,V which bracket is so shaped' and 'formed as to pro-V vide a bend or rest offset from: the electromagnet and adapted to supportone end of the armature andits suspension spring, thuslrem'oving saidl or ksliding parts t'o wear spring from the magnetic'circuit and providing aY short and direct return y'path for 'the magnetic flux set'upby the electromagnet." i f' Another object is to' provideVA ade'vice of' this kind including a supporting bracket, and mounted thereupon an electromagnetj'an armature 'and' suspension spring "tl1er'efor- 'as the essential' parts, the resulting structure beingthu's' simple, and ec'ient and having 'no pivoting, 'telescoping andreq'uire attention after thedevice lisin'st'alled'.n f i A further `objectfsto 'pr'ovide'in a structure' of this kind, means foi'operatively supporting an vandA installations requiringa de-A 'positionformost'eiicient operation.`

sides in the novel shown in Figure 1, a part of the a horizontal position.

eletromagnet in an upright, inverted or any intermediate position, as may be required to meet exigencies of variousinstallations-1-u Still a further -object is to providea structure,

vwhich'wh'en used as a valvev action for opening and closingthevalve inlets of a'pipe organ,-and

includingV a 'valve'head for openinganclclosing A said inlets, operates to draw the valve-headfrom its seat at an angle and break the air seal-gradu'- ally thusy reducing' the-current necessary-to I op erate4 the electromagnet. Inaddition thevalve; head is arranged-'so that itmay be adjusted tightlyjor loosely'on vits support and secured in the lWith rthe foregoing and such otherobjects in view as may appear hereinafter the invention reconstruction-and arrangement of parts as will not be fully set forth-'and claimed,

- reference being hadto the accompanying drawings asillustrating a preferred' embodiment of the invention, `andwherein:Y l

Figure 1 is aside elevationV of the invention as associated'with' the'air valve of a pipe organ, a partof the tion-- l l i il.

Figure 2 isa'front-elevationofthe structure pipe organ being again shown in cross section.l

pipe organ'being shownin cross sec-V/ 0 'Figure 3 is a plan view 'of Vthe-invention're-` moved from the pipe organ.`

Figure 4 is a section along the line 4 4 in Fig- Figure 5 is a side view of amodied form of the invention showing the electromagnet mounted in pipeorgan;

'Fi-gure 9'is a'detail view pension spring alone.

Figure 10 is an' enlarged' :cross section `through of the armature sustti" ' tureshowninFigure', but as removed from the '100 the valve'and showing the upper portion of the 105 Figure '11 is a diagrammatic view'of the windings' 'on the electromagnet.

Referring moreparticularly to the drawings',

to thev embodiment of my invention shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, I provide an angularly formed bracket l, comprising a strip of iron or other magnetic material, the same being bent to provide a horizontally extended mounting or supporting ear `2, a downwardly extended spring mounting portionorfleg 3 an outwardly turned magnetic shunt'portion or armature-rest4, an-V other downwardly turned portion or leg 5 and nally an outwardly turned electromagnet support arm 6. The several bends in the bracket are substantially at right anglestoone` another, whereby in the intended location of the bracket in the pipe organ, as willf'be hereinafter de scribed, the ear 2, rest 4 andarm' will lbe disposed in horizontal planes as shown in the drawlngs. r'

An electromagnet 7 is provided comprising a core 8, bobbin heads 9 and winding 10, thesaid core8 preferably beingl squarein cross section and formed oa number oflaminations as shown,

and of course being made oflsoft iron or similar magnetie ,materiaLv The electromagnet 7 is vl mounted on the arm 6 of the bracket 1 by press'- ingthe'lower end of the core 8 through a square hole 11 saidarm,rand welding the core-and arm on its underside as shown at 1'2, but it is understood that any other method of mounting nay be employed asdesired. Preferably thedis-A tance between the center oi the aperture 1 1 and the innerer adjacent face of the `leg 5 is le'ss than the radial :distance from the center of the core to the outer periphery otfthe heads V9, and the-armo of the bracket is initially'bent upward somewhat from a horizontalA planev before the electromagnet is mounted.r Then as the core 8 is pressed through the aperture 11 as described the bobbinheads 9 will engage said bracket Vleg s 5 and=force the arm 6 downward toits horizontal Y position, the result being that after .the welding ofthe core to the arm, as shown at `12, a tension is exerted on the electromagnet .by the bracket I forA holding 'vhe former' securelyinaplace.. .The f sides of the bobbin heads 9 are preferably'at-H tened as at 13 where'they engagethe bracket leg 5 ;to1increase-,their contactual area therewith and present any rotation o f the electromagnet.A Y.

`.The `length of the electromagnet-7 is such that the upper bobbin headv9 falls substantiallybelow the plane ofv the armature rest 4 and the core 8 extends at its upper end from the winding to a point substantially above the said rest 4.. An armaturel14 of material similar tothebraoket 1 .is provided and is rounded ofi 4at one end 15, while'its otherend is tapered at its sides 16 towards-its extremity 17,` which is bent downward at substantially right angles to form alip 18. The length of the armature14 thus formed is such that when its rounded end 1.5 isdisposed adjacent the angular juncture ofthe rest 4 and leg 3 of the bracket theopposite or outer ends 17 will extend over the upper end of the core Y8.0i the electromagnet 7, and the lip 18 -will lie insuch position that it may swing downward alongside the core 8 as will be hereinafter pointed out. The arma- @5 ture is mounted .in this positionby a-suspension spring 19 formed of a length of spring wire of either round,.,flat, or -square cross section, bent intermediate its end-:sitoy provide a bight 20, and. coiled or wound toiorm spaced axiallf/aligned4 3@ torsional -coils 4.21, spaced substantially from the bight'20, the ends of the wire being 'extendedromthese ,coils 21 as shown at 22fand turned ,inwardly at 'somedistance from the. coilsr ,asat 23; The bi'ght 20 of the spring is welded, brazed, soldered or otherwise secured at 24 to the upper face of the armature 14 and the ends 22 are similarly secured at 25 to the face of the spring mounting leg 3 in such position that the coils 21 are disposed in or adjacent the corner formed between the end 15 of the armature and the said leg 3. The coils 21 are so-wound or set that the armature -14 -is'normally supported by. the bight V20 in a position extending angularly upward and outward over the core 8 of the electromagnet 7, the outer extremity 17 of the armature resting a substantial distance .above the end of the core 8 to permit a decided downward movement of the armature -as will be set forth hereinafter. It will be' noted that VYthe rounded end 15 of the armature 14 does -not extend fully into and contact the corner atthe juncture of the rest 4 and leg 3 as designated at 26 and a buier 27 of felt or similar material is placed in this corner between the armature and the rest 4 and leg 3.

A vertically arranged valve stem 28 is secured at itslower end bywelding or otherwise to the armature14 adjacentA its outer end 17 and projects of this valve stem. e

The device'as described is adapted for mounting on the'under'side ofthe valve board A of the valve chamber of a pipe organ (not shown) 'and the bracket 1 is secured to this valve board Arby screws 30 passed through the supporting ear 2.

The position of the device is such thatv the valve head-29` rests inalignment with and against the lower margin of the valve opening B in the valve boardAand normally'seals the said opening from the air in the valve chamber.

In operation the electromagnet' 7A is energized ory excited. by depressing the, organ key or closing any other `circuitfor contact (not shown) in usual manner, thusinagnetizingthe core 8 and causing it to attract the armature 14 and pullY the same downward against the tension of the suspension spring 19. lThe' valve head 29 is thuspulled from its lseat and air 'flows through the valve vopening B and thence into the organ pipe in anyusual manner. As the armature is pulled downward its outer end strikes a felt buffer or bumper 31 seated in vor on ythe end of the core v8 and the inner rounded 4end 15 of the armature engages the felt buier 27 thusvrendering the action noiseless.

The lip 18 on the armature being extended down near the margin of the core 8 and being adapted upon the energization of the magnet to Ipassdown vupwardly therefrom and a valve head'29 of felt orsimilar material'is-mounted on" the upper end vlot alongside that core, aords a strong and quick starting or initial pull for unseating the valve head 29` and admitting air to the valve opening B.. Whenthe organ key isreleased or the circuit otherwise broken the spring 19 will then return the armature and valve head to their normal po sitions closing the valve opening B f As the armature 14 swings downward as aforesaid it alsol moves endwise towards-and into the corner vformed at the juncture of the bracket leg 3 and rest 4 due to the arrangement of the .suspension spring 19 which in effect acts as' anv eccentric ,hinge orpivot for the armaturehas will be understood. This action of the armature results in a novel and advantageous operation of the valve head 29 as will new bedescribed. The valve chamberof which thevalve board A is a part contains air under pressure to operate'the organ pipes or other parts of to its seat by the air pressure in the valve chamber, thisbeingwhat istermed in the trade as the air seal. A strong initial pull on the Valve head is thus necessary in order to break this air seal,

, vi451 the organ and the valve head 29 is held .tightly 'LEU resulting in `a heavy current being taken by the electromagnet. vln mystructure as describedthis air. seal is broken morereadily vdue to y,theinc tllvy that the valve Vhead as it leaves lits seat is pulled sidewise along its vseat in a directionVv slightly tjoward the .bracket 1 while -at the sameA time its edge remote fromthe bracket opens or moves away from vits seat a trie in adVaHCS, this position being indicated in somewhatexaggerated Yform in dotted lines in Figure l. Air from the'V valve chamber may thus getfbe'hind the valve Iby this arrangement Vandpperationof thevalve4 head over the current ordinarily used has Abeen found in actual practice to be in the neighborhood of nity percent and is therefore exceedingly worth while.;

My suspensionspring 19 not only affords this advantageous action of the valve headbut in addition performs both the function of a pivot or hinge joint for the armature 14 and a return springto returnvthe armature to its normal posi- .tion after each operation* Obviously there is no wearin .the spring to cause looseness and rattle in its operation asis the case in the usual hinge or pivot joint, and friction is almost entirely absent. In the ordinary hinge or pivot there is not onlymechanical friction present but there is also magnetic friction caused by the hinge lying in thev magnetic circuit or path, which results in the armature being pulled tightly against its supporting element by the magnetism flowing through the hinge and augmenting the normaly friction of the hinge or pivot connection.

The shape of the bracket 1 is such that the magnetic circuit is completed from the lower end of the core 8 through the arm, the leg 5, across the air gap between the upper end of the leg 5 to the armature 14 and thence back to the core, this being a much shorter path as well as a path of less resistanceor reluctance than that thru the rest 4leg 3 and springl9 to the armature. This shorter path will. of course betaken by the magneticiiux set up by the electromagnet `and aside from increasing the efciency `of the electromagnet as a whole it is also evident that the spring 19 is thus removedfrom the magnetic circuit by `thisformation of the bracket. The usual crystal-Y lization and breakage common to springs locatedr directly in the magnetic circuit is thus eliminated by this arrangement,v and the life and efficiency of the spring is therefore greatly increased. The

springneed not necessarily be made of steel, but

may be of phosphor bronze or brass since it is' not a part of the magnetic circuit. The rest 4 in efrect forms a magnetic shunt to shunt themagnetic Vflux around and away from the spring 19.

. When the eleetromagnet. isoperated by alterhating current the suspension spring 19 acts as a silencer or cushion to prevent the' rattling or humming of the armature which usually occurs where the armature ishinged or pivoted in ccny ventional form and especially after the hinge or pivot has been worn by use. The structure of the eleciromagnet 7 is also such as to render itl particularly adaptable for usel on alternating current due to the use of a square laminated core as described and shown, whereby hysteresis and eddy currents are minimized. coil SZ-may be used when alternating current is used,v this coilcomprising oneor more turns of insulated wire or other insulated andconductive material wound aroundtheupper end of the elec-` In addition a shadingtromag'nety core v8, the resulting coil being connectedtogether' at'iits endsas shown diagram-"- matically `in Figure 11. Thisshading coil thus acts "asthe secondary of La transformer and each 4time =the winding 10 is positive the'shadingcol 8O has'an induced negative'volt'age'and vice versa.

The result is that the frequency of alternation 'of the current is doubled overA that' of the' exciting v rfrequei'icy so lthat hum and fluttering of the armaturel i's reduced to a'rinimum, this being a well' 85A v known expedientfor this purpose.

The'arrangementeand position'of the armature Mlflis suoli that at 'its downward stroke, its outer l end 17 andlip 18 come to rest in 'a position very near and voverlapping the end'of theelectrom'ag- QQ net core 8 and' a strong sealing pull is thus aie forded to h'old the armature tightly 'against the buffer 3l andprevent 'iluttering of' the armature and valve head 29 by the air rushing into' the valve opening B.. Such fluttering would cause inter- 95 n ference with theA tone 'of y'the organ pipe or other elementssupplied withv air from the valve openingB.. c

In the usual organ installation a great number of the devices 'are vmounted in close proximity and 100 y to prevent anyundesirable interaction or interference of the several inductive eldfsof the'wind-` ings of the electromagnets, a shield 33 of thin metal may be provided around each of the electromagnets and the legs 5 of the vbrackets andthe' 105 shield grounded in usual mannen As' shown in' the drawings this shield 33 is'in the form' of an' open topped cap-'like member having the sides 34 to slip over the electromagnet yandthe leg 5 ofthe bracket andthe bottom 35 to enclose the 1105,

lower end of the a`ssen1bly,`thev shields being held in place by friction, Welding'or other suitable" means.

Where it is desired to mount the electromagnetsL in a hoi'iaontal position or in a position in 115V parallel alignment with the valve board' vA the structure shown rin Figure 5v may be vemployedf In this embodiment of my invention the bracket la includes the mounting ear 2a' andy the down? wardly turned leg 3a at the end of which the strip 120 is bent horizontally outward and then back on itself to provide a doubled bend 36` forming a rest forfthe armature 14a. Below this bend36l'the strip is bent downward in alignment with the leg 3a to provide v 6c.. The electromagne't 7a is mo'unt'ed'in a horizontal position on this leg 6a and extends out# wardI beneath the bend v36, the core 8d, which in thisy case is of onev piece or solid construction be-Vv an electromagnet supporting 'leg 125 ing secured to this leg 6c by a'screw 37;"'Atlits 130 outer end the core Sais bent upwardly as shown at 33 yand extends upward'to or beyond a planev in alignment with the bend 36. The armature 151e is mounted on the bracket la by the suspen` sion spring 19Min manner similar to the herein- 135 before described embodiment of the inventin'and extends outwardly over theupper end of 'the -core 8a and is normally heldl by the spring 19a in a position raised some distance above the end of the core. construction of ythe armature an'additional lip 39 is shown at some distance from'the lip 18a initial pullonl the armature 'and the buffer 31a is shown as glued orl otherwise fixed onthe un? derside of the armaturebetween these lips in lieu ofl the mounting Yat thefend of the core as hereinbefore described. Thevalve 29a is supported on its stem 28a above the outer endof the armature 14d/ and thedevice is mmntedr the valve cham'- ber andoperatesexactly as hereinbefore set forth. 15G

To illustrate @further modi-seamen in the 14c- :in this case ythemagnetic return is through the leg 6c, bend 36,*throughA the air gap to the armature and thence back to the core and the same Y advantages and eiiciency of construction obtain .i is mounted in an inverted position.

net 7b is vmounted. beneath the ear 2b as by a screw 4l and its core 8b extends downwardly at some distance from the end of the arm 4l). The armatureleb is mounted on the leg 3b by the spring 19D similar tothe spring mounting here- Y inbefore described but in this case the armature is' supported at Va position' intermediate its ends instead of at one end, whereby one end 17h bearing the'lip 18D extends out beneath the lower end of the core 8D while its other end passes beneath the arm 40 and extends outward beyond the leg '3h as designated at 42. The bracket lb is secured by screws 302) to the underside of the valve board A of the valve chamber in such position that this end 42 or the armature falls beneath and in vertical alignment with the valve opening B. The

'valve head 26h has its stem 28h slidablyextended thro-ugh an aperture in the ear 43 bent outwardly from the leg 3b of the bracket and downwardly through an aperture 4e' in the end 42 v i of the armature 14D. Stop nuts 45 are mounted 35 on the stern 28D above and below the end 42 of the armature and the arrangement is such that the valve head 29h will be pulled from its seat as Y the electromagnet 7b is energized identicallyas described in previous embodiments and all the major advantages of construction and operation of these previous embodiments prevail as well in this case. The magnetic return flows through the ear 2b, theieg 3b, the arnri and thence through the air gap to the armature leb and back 'tothe corel 8b. A buier 31D is mounted on the end of the electromagnet 'lb alongside the end of the core 8b and will be struck by an extended portion oi?l the armature leb as the sanie operates as and for a purpose While the valve'head 29 may be of any usual form a preferred form is illustrated in Figure l0 in which the head comprises a circular bottom piece 46 of ber or similar relatively rigid material, a ringi? of felt, and atop piece i8 or" leather. Below the head a collar 49 or felt is provided and a nut 50 of leather is threaded on a threaded portion 5l of the vvalve stern 28V. The stem 28 passes up through the collar'llQ and the bottom piece 46 and is upset and flattened to form a head 52 at its upper-end located within the ring 47, said stem passing through slightly oversize holes 53 in the collar and bottom plate. This arrangement is such that by loosening the nut 50 the valve head 29V may play or tilt from side to side on the stem and so adapt itselito irregularities in its seat, being then what is termed a wabble or selfseating valve. By tightening the nut 50 against the collar 49 the head 52 of the valve stem is pulled tight against the bottom piece 46 and the valve head is held rigid on its stem.

In all of thev embodiments of my invention herein shown and described it will be evident that very few parts are used andthat they are of the simplest construction possible. Thus the manufacture 'and installation of the devices are made readily understood..`

easier and simpler and due to the fact that there are practically no working parts subject to wear maintenance Work is greatly reduced. Further details of operation and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

The invention as described is capable of use in f any other installations and for other purposes as well as for operating the valves of a pipe organ and such other uses are considered within the scope of this invention.

While I have herein set forth certain preferred embodiments of my invention it is understood that I may vary from the same in structural de- Y tails so as best to construct a practical device for the purposes intended, not departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

l. In a device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, a bracket connected to the valve-board, an electromagnet supported on the bracket, and an armature connected to said valve resiliently suspended from the bracket in operative relationship with the electromagnet, a portion of the bracket being bent toward the electromagnet from the point at which the armature is suspended to form in combination with adjacent portions of the armature a magnetic shunt to shield the resilient suspending means or the'armature.

2. In a device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, a bracket connected to the valve-board, an electromagnet supported on the bracket, an armature connected to said valve, a torsional coil spring pivotally connecting the bracket and armature, the said spring being located at a point substantially out of the path of maximum intensity of the magnetic flux traveling through the bracket and armature.

3. In a device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening there- Y through anda valve for said opening, a bracket connected to the valve-board, an electromagnet supported on the bracket, an armature connected to said valve and a torsional coil spring pivotally connecting the armature to the bracket, a portion of the bracket being bent toward the electromagnet from the point at which the spring is connected whereby a shunt is formed for the magnetic ux set up by the electromagn'et in the bracket and armature to shield the resilient suspending means for the armature.

4. In a device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, a bracket connected to the valve-board, an electromagnet mounted on the bracket, an armature connected to said valve, a suspension spring for the armature, the said spring comprising a length or spring wire bent to provide spaced axially aligned torsional coils, and a connecting bight and end portions extended from opposite ends of the coils, the said bight portion and end portions being secured to the armature and bracket and the coils being tensioned to support the armature in operative relationship with the electro-magnet.

5. In a device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, a bracket connected to the valve-board of magnetic material including an attaching ear, a leg extended perpendicularly from said ear, a magnetic shunt portion extended perpendicularly from theleg,

said shunt portion, and a magnet supporting arm extended perpendicularly .from said second leg,

.an Aelectromagnet-on said-supporting arm, and an elongated armature connected to said valve, spring connected at 4one end to the bracket at a point adjacent the juncture of Ythe rst named leg and the magnetic shuntportion to pivotally and resiliently mount the armature, the free end of the armature being disposed overthe working end of Ithe magnet, the` intermediateV portion ofthe armature being disposed in .alignment with and in proximity to the .said shuntportion ofthe bracket, the vshunt servingy to' shieldv the said spring.

6. In a device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening,-a bracket connected to the valve-board formed of magnetic material and comprising a mounting ear, a leg atright angles .to the-mounting ear, the said leg being bent outwardly and back on itself intermediate its ends to form a magnetic return bend, an electromagnet secured to the leg at one side of the bend, and an armature connected to said valve resiliently suspended at one end from the bracket at the point of juncture of the leg and the magnetic return bend and on the side of the latter remote from the electromagnet.

7. In a device -of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, a bracket connected to the valve-board formed of magnetic material and comprising a mounting portion, a leg at right angles to the mounting portion, an electromagnet seated on the mounting portion, substantially spaced from and with its core arranged in parallelism with the said leg, an arm extended from the end of the leg toward the electromagnet, and an armature connected to said valve, a spring attached at one end to the bracket at the juncture of the leg and arm resiliently and pivotally connecting the armature, the free end of said armature being extended over the said magnet.

8. In a device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, a support connected to the valve-board of magnetic material an electromagnet having its core connected at one end with said magnetic material, a connected portion of the material being extended towards the opposite working end of the magnet, .and an elongated armature connected to said valve having a free end disposed transversely over the working end of the magnet, the opposite end thereof being disposed over and extended outwardly beyond the said extended portion of the magnetic supporting material, and a spring forming a resilient and pivotal support for said end of the armature.

9. In a device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, an angularly formed bracket connected to the valve-board of magnetic material, an electromagnet having its core connected at one end to a point on said bracket, there being an arm of the bracket disposed laterally of the opposite working end of the magnet, the said arm extending from a point adjacent said working end to a point substantially removed therefrom, an elongated armature connected to said valve disposed along over said arm and across the working end of said magnet, and a spring forming a resilient and pivotal support for the i5 end of the armature overlying the lateral arm of the bracket. v l Y 10. 11n a device of the kind described including -a valve-board having a valve therethrough and a valve for said opening, a support connected to the valve-board of magnetic materiaLan electromagnet having one end'of its core connected with .said material, a connected portion ofthe materialbeing disposed laterally adjacent the opposite working end ofv themagn'et to constitute a .magnetic shunt, an, elongated armature aligned .over the Vsaid magnetic shunt and across the working end ofthe magnet, and a spring forming a resilient and pivotal support for .the end of thearmature connected to said valve overlying said magnetic shunt, the said support lying substantially outside. the magnetic path as established ,by the magnet Athru the said shunt and adjacent parts ofthe armature.

. 11. Ina device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, a bracket connected to said valve-board, an electromagnet mounted on the bracket, an armature connected to said valve, a spring resiliently and pivotally connecting said armature at one end to the bracket at a point remote from the electromagnet and extended at its free end over the electromagnet, and a magnetic shunt portion of the bracket completing the magnetic circuit to the armature at a point remote from the movable connection thereof.

12. In a device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, a bracket connected to said valve-board including a leg, an electromagnet mounting arm and armature rest bent at right angles from opposite ends of the leg and extended in opposite directions, an electromagnet mounted on the arm, an armature connected to said valve movably connected at one end to the outer end portion of the armature rest and extended along and beyond said rest over the electromagnet.

13. In a device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, a bracket connected to said valve-board including a leg, an electromagnet mounting arm and armature rest bent outwardly from opposite ends of the leg and extended in opposite direction therefrom, an electromagnet mounted on the arm, an armature connected to said valve movably supported at one end at a point adjacent the outer end of the armature rest and extended at its free end over the electromagnet, the junction between the leg and armature rest lying adjacent an intermediate portion of the armature.

14. A valve action for mounting on the valve board of a pipe organ adjacent a valve opening therein and comprising a support, an arm movably connected at one end to the support, the opposite free end of the arm extending in alignment with the valve opening, and a valve head carried on the free end of the arm and adapted to open and close the said valve opening upon vibration of the arm, the said movable connection between the arm and support being a spring affording a resilient, pivotal and eccentric motion whereby to impart an oblique and lateral motion of the valve head relative to the valve opening as the valve head vibrates.

15. A device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, means for operating yso fac

Afourth portion, said fourth portion being an armature-supporting portion perpendicular to said last mentioned portion and connected to said valve-board.

16. A device of the kind described including a valve-board having a valve opening therethrough and a valve for said opening, means for operating said Valve including a bracket and an electromagnet supported thereon, an armature in operativev relationship to said electro-magnet and connected to said valve, a spring pivotally connecting 'said armature to a-portio'n'of said bracket,"a part of said bracket in combination with said armature defining the circuit of maximum magnetic intensity of the iiux through said electro-magnet, said spring being located outside of the zone enclosed by said circuit, and said bracket having a shunt shielding said spring from the magnetic flux of said circuit.

17. A device according to claim 16 wherein said shunt is disposed at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the electromagnet and extends in a direction away from said axis.

18. A device according to claim 16 wherein said shunt is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electromagnet and is disposed between the electro-magnet and the armature.

19. A device according to claim 16 wherein said shunt is disposed ata right angle to the longitudinal axis of the electro-magnet and extends toward said axis.

VERNIE ROY BROWN.

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